CN107580224B - A kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy coding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy coding, specifically: adaptive scanning and entropy coding are carried out to the relevant syntactic element in the last one nonzero coefficient position in TU first；Then the syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in the syntactic element CSBF of each sub-block in TU and sub-block in each coefficient positions is determined；It calculates separately CSBF value and sig_coeff_flag value is equal to the prediction probability of minimum probability symbol LPS, and be ranked up, scan, encode respectively；Finally to the adaptive scanning and entropy coding of nonzero coefficient amplitude relevant syntax elements all in TU.Adaptive scanning method of the present invention further promotes code efficiency so that intersymbol correlation is adequately utilized by HEVC；Without transmitting additional code stream information for decoding end more；And there is lower encoder complexity, the 0.33% of only existing algorithm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of video coding, are related to a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy coding.
Background technique
Video can bring more lively subjective feeling to user, gradually penetrate into each angle of our lives
It falls.With the appearance of " high-resolution, high frame per second, high pixel locating depth " high definition/ultra high-definition video in this way, more and more users' ginseng
With into associated video business, immersively experience unique charm brought by high definition/ultra high-definition video.However it is huge
The video data volume not only increases the burden of Video Storage System and global communications network, also affects the deployment and reality of new business
Border application.Therefore a new generation video encoding standard HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding, efficient video coding)
Based on predictive coding, transition coding, entropy coding, in conjunction with human visual system, removal airspace, the view in time domain as much as possible
Redundancy is felt to meet memory bandwidth or transmission bandwidth.
HEVC has still continued to use traditional block-based hybrid coding structure, mainly has and predicts within the frame/frames, converts, amount
Change, entropy coding, several modules such as block-eliminating effect filtering.Compared with pervious coding standard, some new volumes are had also been introduced in HEVC
Code technology: the block expression based on quad-tree structure, unified directional intra prediction, advanced motion-vector prediction, large scale
Discrete cosine transform, adaptive scanning, the better context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding of performance, sampling point adaptive equalization filter
Wave etc..
In description prediction residual, HEVC uses TU (Transform unit, transformation based on Quadtree Partition structure
Unit) mode, the optional size of TU has 4 × 4,8 × 8,16 × 16,32 × 32.By adaptive scanning technique, one two in TU
The prediction residual of dimension is mapped in one-dimension array to realize subsequent entropy coding operation.Wherein adaptive scanning technique conduct
One step of key of HEVC directly affects the size of final coding bit rate.According to rate-distortion optimization principle, in given video weight
Under the premise of structure quality, it should ensure that the final number of coded bits for the one-dimensional coefficient that adaptive scanning technique obtains is minimum.
Zigzag scanning technique is widely applied in Video coding, and the residual error coefficient in block is within the frame/frames with fixed
Scanning sequency is mapped in one-dimension array (see Wiegand T., Sullivan G., Bjontegaard G., Luthra
A..Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard[J].IEEE Trans.Circuits
Syst.Video Technol.,2003).Fouak et al. is by Zigzag scanning mode, horizontal sweep mode, vertical scanning mode
Be combined together with Hibert scanning mode, establish a kind of new scan method (Fouak F., Benzid R.,
Benoudjit N..Color image compression algorithm based onthe DCT transform
combined to an adaptive block scanning[J].Int.J.Electron.Commun.,2011).Due to right
Angle sweep can preferably reduce data redundancy information, and Sole et al. proposition replaces Zigzag to scan with diagonal scan, in conjunction with water
Simple scan and vertical scanning obtain a kind of new adaptive scanning method, and have applied this method in HEVC coding
(Sole J.,Joshi R.,Nguyen N..Transform coefficient coding in HEVC[J].IEEE
Trans.Circuits Syst.Video Technol.,2012).The distribution that the above method considers Prediction Parameters coefficient is special
Property, code efficiency is improved to a certain extent.But since scan model is relatively more fixed, the characteristic of subsequent entropy coding is had ignored,
Limit the further promotion of coding efficiency.Therefore it when the prediction residual to TU layers encodes, establishes and is suitable for HEVC entropy volume
The adaptive scanning method of code is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptive scanning methods towards HEVC entropy coding, can be improved the volume of HEVC
Code performance, and there is lower encoder complexity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy coding, it is specific by with
Lower step is implemented:
Step 1, adaptive scanning and entropy coding are carried out to the relevant syntactic element in the last one nonzero coefficient position in TU；
Step 2, adaptive scanning and entropy coding are carried out to the relevant syntactic element in other nonzero coefficient positions in TU:
2.1 are divided into a TU sub-block of one or more 4 × 4 sizes；According to the residual error coefficient after quantization, determine every
The syntactic element CSBF and the syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in each interior coefficient positions of sub-block of one sub-block；CSBF
For identifying whether each sub-block contains nonzero coefficient, sig_coeff_flag is used to identify the position of nonzero coefficient in sub-block
It sets；
2.2 calculate each syntactic element CSBF value and each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag value generally equal to minimum
The prediction probability of rate symbol LPS, and be ranked up, scan, encode respectively；
Step 3, to the adaptive scanning and entropy coding of nonzero coefficient amplitude relevant syntax elements all in TU.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that
Step 1 specifically: using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, obtain prediction residual in TU the last one
The coordinate (X, Y) of nonzero coefficient；According to the coordinate value, the last one relevant syntactic element in nonzero coefficient position: last_ is obtained
Sig_coeff_x_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_sig_
Coeff_y_suffix, and four syntactic elements are successively scanned and entropy coding.
Step 2.2 specifically:
1. obtaining the corresponding context probability index of each CSBF and sig_coeff_flag and LPS respectively；
2. predicting probability when each CSBF value and sig_coeff_flag value are equal to the LPS corresponding to it；
3. region division is carried out to CSBF and sig_coeff_flag respectively, respectively by context probability rope having the same
The CSBF and sig_coeff_flag for drawing value are grouped into corresponding same subregion；
4. being ranked up respectively to the corresponding subregion of CSBF and sig_coeff_flag, it is scanned and entropy coding.
Probability when LPS corresponding to prediction, specifically: defining symbol s indicates that syntactic element, S indicate encoded language
Method element sequence；According to K-T estimation method, then the Probability p of s=11With the Probability p of s=00It is respectively:
p0=1-p1
Wherein n0And n1Respectively indicate syntactic element sequence S intermediate value be 0 and value be 1 appearance the frequency.
Subregion ordering requirements are as follows: it is ranked up between subregion according to corresponding context probability index value is descending,
It is ranked up in subregion according to corresponding prediction probability value is ascending.
Step 3 specifically: using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, it is corresponding to obtain each nonzero coefficient in TU
Syntactic element: coeff_abs_level_greater1_flag, coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag, coeff_
Sign_flag and coeff_abs_level_remaining, and four syntactic elements are successively scanned and entropy coding.
The invention has the advantages that
(1) present invention predicts the probability of syntax element value appearance to be encoded from the angle of probability theory, adaptively sweeps for HEVC
Theoretical basis has been established in the foundation for retouching method.
(2) present invention considers the operating mechanism of entropy coding to establish adaptive scanning method, so that intersymbol correlation
It is adequately utilized by HEVC, further promotes code efficiency.
(3) present invention establishes adaptive scanning method using known encoded information, without transmitting volume for decoding end more
Outer code stream information.
(4) adaptive scanning method that the present invention is mentioned has lower encoder complexity, only existing algorithm
0.33%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of adaptive scanning method flow chart towards HEVC entropy coding of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that cycle tests is the method for the present invention figure compared with the distortion performance of the existing algorithm of HEVC under BQMall；
Fig. 3 is that cycle tests is the method for the present invention under FourPeople compared with the distortion performance of the existing algorithm of HEVC
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention provides a kind of process of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy coding as shown in Figure 1, specifically pressing
Implement according to following steps:
Step 1, according to the existing adaptive scanning method of HEVC, the two dimension of the last one nonzero coefficient position in TU is obtained
Coordinate；
Step 2, according to two digit coordinates in step 1, the last one relevant syntactic element in nonzero coefficient position is determined
Last_sig_coeff_x_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_
Then sig_coeff_y_suffix value carries out entropy coding；
Step 3, the relevant syntactic element CSBF in each nonzero coefficient position in TU is obtained；
Step 4, the corresponding context probability index of each CSBF and LPS are obtained；
Step 5, according to formula (1) predict each CSBF value be equal to it corresponding to LPS when probability；
Wherein, s indicates that syntactic element, S indicate encoded syntactic element sequence, p1For the probability and p of s=10For s=0
Probability, n0And n1Respectively indicate syntactic element sequence S intermediate value be 0 and value be 1 appearance the frequency
Step 6, region division is carried out to CSBF, the CSBF of context probability index value having the same is grouped into a son
In region；
Step 7, it is ranked up between subregion according to the corresponding context probability index value of CSBF is descending, subregion
It is interior to be ranked up according to the corresponding prediction probability value of CSBF is ascending.It is scanned according to the CBFS sequence sequenced and is compiled with entropy
Code；
Step 8, the relevant syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in each nonzero coefficient position in TU is obtained；
Step 9, the corresponding context probability index of sig_coeff_flag and LPS are obtained；
Step 10, according to formula (1) predict each sig_coeff_flag value be equal to it corresponding to LPS when probability；
Step 11, region division is carried out to sig_coeff_flag, by context probability index value having the same
Sig_coeff_flag is grouped into a sub-regions；
Step 12, according to the descending progress of the corresponding context probability index value of sig_coeff_flag between subregion
Sequence, subregion is interior to be ranked up according to the corresponding prediction probability value of sig_coeff_flag is ascending.According to what is sequenced
Sig_coeff_flag sequence is scanned and entropy coding；
Step 13, obtain the relevant syntactic element coeff_abs_level_greater1_flag of nonzero coefficient amplitude,
Coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag, coeff_sign_flag and coeff_abs_level_remaining, to this
Four syntactic elements are successively scanned and entropy coding.
The present invention in the relevant syntactic element adaptive scanning in the last one nonzero coefficient position, on the one hand considers in TU
The syntactic element quantity being related to a last nonzero coefficient position is seldom, on the other hand to guarantee that being proposed technology does not influence HEVC
The operation of decoding end, therefore continue to use original adaptive scanning method in HEVC and be scanned.
Nonzero coefficient positional information is encoded using the road entropy coding Zhong Chang model in TU, and HEVC is adaptive using which kind of
It answers scan method to directly affect this final code efficiency, therefore establishes nonzero coefficient by considering the operational mode of entropy coding
The relevant syntactic element adaptive scanning method in position is necessary.Specific practice is that a TU is divided into 1 first
Or the sub-block of multiple 4 × 4 sizes；According to the residual error coefficient after quantization, the syntactic element CSBF (coded_ of each sub-block is determined
) and the syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in sub-block in each coefficient positions sub_block_flag.CSBF is for marking
Know whether each sub-block contains nonzero coefficient, sig_coeff_flag is used to identify the position of nonzero coefficient in sub-block.
Secondly defining symbol s indicates that syntactic element, S indicate encoded syntactic element sequence.According to K-T estimation method,
The then Probability p of s=11With the Probability p of s=00It is respectively:
p0=1-p1
Wherein n0And n1Respectively indicate syntactic element sequence S intermediate value be 0 and value be 1 appearance the frequency.Calculate each grammer
Elements C SBF value is equal to the prediction probability of minimum probability symbol (LPS), calculates each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag value
Prediction probability equal to LPS.
According to entropy coding principle, the index of context probability used in syntactic element CSBF is obtained.By context probability rope
The identical CSBF syntactic element of quotation marks is classified as a sub-regions, and based on context probability call number value is descending between subregion
It is ranked up, the prediction probability value in subregion according to each syntactic element CSBF is ascending to be ranked up, after sequence
CSBF successively scan and be sent into entropy coder.
According to entropy coding principle, the index of context probability used in syntactic element sig_coeff_flag is obtained.It will be upper
Hereafter the identical sig_coeff_flag syntactic element of probability call number is classified as a sub-regions, between subregion based on context
Probability call number value is descending to be ranked up, general according to the prediction of each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in subregion
Rate value is ascending to be ranked up, and is successively scanned and is sent into entropy coder to the sig_coeff_flag after sequence.
Nonzero coefficient amplitude mainly uses the bypass model in entropy coding to be encoded in TU, and HEVC is adaptive using which kind of
It answers scan method to influence final number of coded bits smaller, therefore continues to use original adaptive scanning method in HEVC and swept
It retouches.Using adaptive scanning method original in HEVC, the corresponding syntactic element of each nonzero coefficient in TU: coeff_ is obtained
Abs_level_greater1_flag, coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag, coeff_sign_flag and coeff_
Abs_level_remaining, is successively scanned this four syntactic elements and entropy coding.
Effect of the invention is further illustrated by experiment.
Experiment tests different resolution, the coding efficiency of the mentioned method of this paper under different application scene.Fig. 2 gives
Cycle tests is present invention figure compared with the distortion performance of the original algorithm of HEVC under Cactus.Fig. 3 gives cycle tests
Present invention figure compared with the distortion performance of the original algorithm of HEVC under BQMall.The present invention is mentioned it can be seen from Fig. 2 and 3
The code efficiency of adaptive scanning method scan method original ratio HEVC towards HEVC entropy coding is high.Statistical result shows this
It is flat to invent the video quality Y-PSNR PSNR that the obtained original method of video quality Y-PSNR PSNR ratio HEVC obtains
It is higher by 0.09dB.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy coding, which is characterized in that specifically implement according to the following steps:
Step 1, adaptive scanning and entropy coding are carried out to the relevant syntactic element in the last one nonzero coefficient position in TU, specifically
Are as follows: using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, obtain prediction residual the last one nonzero coefficient in TU coordinate (X,
Y)；According to the coordinate value, the last one relevant syntactic element in nonzero coefficient position: last_sig_coeff_x_ is obtained
Prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_sig_coeff_y_
Suffix, and four syntactic elements are successively scanned and entropy coding；
Step 2, adaptive scanning and entropy coding are carried out to the relevant syntactic element in other nonzero coefficient positions in TU:
2.1 are divided into a TU sub-block of one or more 4 × 4 sizes；According to the residual error coefficient after quantization, each is determined
Syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in the syntactic element CSBF and sub-block of sub-block in each coefficient positions；CSBF is used for
Identify whether each sub-block contains nonzero coefficient, sig_coeff_flag is used to identify the position of nonzero coefficient in sub-block；
2.2 calculate each syntactic element CSBF value and each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag value equal to minimum probability
The prediction probability of symbol LPS, and be ranked up, scan, encode respectively, specifically:
1. obtaining the corresponding context probability index of each CSBF and sig_coeff_flag and LPS respectively；
2. predict probability when each CSBF value and sig_coeff_flag value are equal to the LPS corresponding to it, specifically: definition
Symbol s indicates that syntactic element, S indicate encoded syntactic element sequence；According to K-T estimation method, then the Probability p of s=11And s
=0 Probability p0It is respectively:
p0=1-p1
Wherein n0And n1Respectively indicate syntactic element sequence S intermediate value be 0 and value be 1 appearance the frequency；
3. region division is carried out to CSBF and sig_coeff_flag respectively, respectively by context probability index value having the same
CSBF and sig_coeff_flag be grouped into corresponding same subregion；
4. being ranked up respectively to the corresponding subregion of CSBF and sig_coeff_flag, it is scanned and entropy coding；
Subregion ordering requirements are as follows: be ranked up between subregion according to corresponding context probability index value is descending, sub-district
It is ranked up in domain according to corresponding prediction probability value is ascending；
Step 3, to the adaptive scanning and entropy coding of nonzero coefficient amplitude relevant syntax elements all in TU, specifically: it utilizes
Original adaptive scanning method in HEVC obtains the corresponding syntactic element of each nonzero coefficient in TU: coeff_abs_
Level_greater1_flag, coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag, coeff_sign_flag and coeff_abs_
Level_remaining, and four syntactic elements are successively scanned and entropy coding.
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| US10873765B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-12-22 | Apple Inc. | Techniques for high efficiency entropy coding of video data |
| EP3700206A4 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-11-18 | LG Electronics Inc. | Method and device for deciding transform coefficient scan order on basis of high frequency zeroing |
| CN109996068A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-09 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of video motion information coding method and device |
| CN112449184B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-01-25 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Transform coefficient optimization method, encoding and decoding method, device, medium, and electronic device |
| CN112449188B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-08-20 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Video decoding method, video encoding device, video encoding medium, and electronic apparatus |
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