CN107578870B - A method of permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element - Google Patents
A method of permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element, this method optimizes high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy and (Nd, Pr) the ingredient design of-Fe-B alloy, so that the content of rare earth of high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy is lower, (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy content of rare earth is higher.Since the constituent contents such as Ce are lower in high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy, the degree of the diffusion substitution Nd-Pr of the elements such as Ce reduces during the sintering process, (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy is mutually able to maintain high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, the total content of high abundance rare earth element can be properly increased while keeping higher coercivity, the dosage for reducing the low abundance rare earth elements such as Nd, Pr, to significantly reduce raw material and production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element, belong to rare earth permanent-magnetic material system
Standby field.
Background technique
Rare-earth permanent magnet (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B has high remanent magnetism, high-coercive force, high energy product, becomes modern science and technology spy
It is not the indispensable critical material in the fields such as computer, aerospace, communications and transportation, clean energy resource, is used widely, pushes away
The development of related industry is moved.But rare earth element is important strategic resource, saves and rationally using as country and industry
The problem of boundary is paid special attention to.
In Rare Earth Mine, Nd, Pr abundance are low, and content is less, and price is high；The abundance of Ce, La, Y are high, and content is big, and price is just
Preferably.The mass production of (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B permanent-magnet material and extensive use cause Nd, Pr largely to consume, while causing Ce, La, Y
High abundance Cheap rare-earth element overstocks unutilized, and the exploitation of Rare Earth Mine is using having aggravated the pressure of environmental protection.It reduces
The dosage of rare earth becomes rare earth permanent magnet material using the production cost of high abundance rare earth element substitution Nd and Pr element, reduction magnet
The problem of expecting industrial circle urgent need to resolve.
Nd is replaced to be prepared into (Ce, Nd)-Fe-B sintered magnet using the high abundances rare earth element part such as Ce, but due to
Ce2Fe14The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of the high abundances rare-earth magnet such as B is very low, and Ce element substitution Nd seriously reduces the magnetocrystalline of main phase
Anisotropy field, magnet coercivity significantly reduce.The high abundances such as higher coercivity Ce rare earth member is obtained in sintered magnet
Element is no more than the 40wt% of rare earth total weight.
Publication No. be CN102436892A Chinese patent in, Iron and Steel Research Geueral Institute will (Ce, Nd)-Fe-B alloy with
Nd-Fe-B alloy powder is mixed with main phase magnet in pairs, improves high abundance using the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of Nd-Fe-B alloy
The coercivity of rare-earth magnet, when Ce content is not higher than rare earth total weight 40wt%, magnet coercivity is also possible to unobvious decline.But
Since Ce element can spread substitution Nd into Nd-Fe-B phase in (Ce, Nd)-Fe-B alloy during the sintering process, thus can be obvious
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of Nd-Fe-B phase is reduced, therefore magnet coercivity improves degree and is limited；It is dilute to increase the high abundances such as Ce
The content of earth elements, reduces the content of Nd, and magnet coercivity significantly reduces.
In the Chinese patent that publication No. is CN103123839A, Zhejiang University is in [(NdaRE1-a)1-xCex)]hFe100-h-i-jMiBjThe mutually auxiliary alloy of intergranular is added in alloy, the coercivity of magnet can be improved.Due to rare earth member in auxiliary alloy
The content of element is very high, and the rare-earth usage of magnet increases, and remanent magnetism can decline, and to make magnet coercivity high abundance with higher
The comparision contents that rare earth element accounts for total rare earth (TRE) are low, and magnet cost of raw material decline degree is limited.
In the Chinese patent that publication No. is CN103794323A, Zhejiang University is by the high abundance of low magnetocrystalline anisotropy field
Rare earth (RE100-aMMa)-Fe-B alloy and high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field the mixing of Nd-Fe-B alloy, be blended into the modified phase of intergranular,
The performance of magnet is improved.But there is no the diffusions that specific method controls rare earth element in two kinds of alloys for the patent, and
Need to be added the modified phase of intergranular to improve coercivity, intergranular modification is mutually rich rare earth alloy, and addition also increases dilute in magnet
The total content of earth elements, the content that the magnet high abundance rare earth element of preparation accounts for total rare earth (TRE) are difficult to improve, high abundance rare earth element
The reduction of utilization rate and the magnet cost of raw material is limited.
It improves high abundance rare earth element and accounts for the content of total rare earth (TRE), while magnet being made to have the magnetism such as higher coercivity
Can, it needs further to explore the preparation process and method of high abundance rare earth permanent-magnetic material.The diffusion and member of rare earth element
Cellulose content concentration is related, and the double main phase magnets of tradition are using RE '-Fe-B alloy and Nd-Fe-B the alloy mixing that will contain Ce, two kinds of conjunctions
Content of rare earth in gold is not much different even equal, therefore Ce and Nd phase counterdiffusion.If RE '-Fe-B alloy can be inhibited
Middle high abundance Rare-Earth Ce element is spread into Nd-Fe-B alloy replaces Nd, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of Nd-Fe-B phase would not be shown
Decline is write, the coercivity of magnet is able to maintain in higher level, can improve the high abundances rare earth element such as Ce to a greater extent in this way
Content, the rare earth element nd-Pr dosage of price costly reduce, and magnet cost performance can significantly improve.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved of the present invention, which is that, overcomes rare earth element diffusion to cause (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B phase magnetocrystalline
The anisotropic significantly reduced deficiency in field, provides a kind of method for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element.It is moderately reduced
Content of rare earth in high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy improves content of rare earth in (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy.Since high abundance is dilute
Content of rare earth is low in native RE '-Fe-B alloy, close to RE2Fe14B's just divides content, therefore structure is very stable, high abundance Rare-Earth Ce
A possibility that equal elements are spread to intergranular liquid phase reduces, it is difficult to the diffusion substitution Nd-Pr into (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy, thus
The mutually high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B is maintained.Simultaneously because rare earth element content in (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy
Relatively high, Nd-Pr can be spread to intergranular liquid phase, also may replace the elements such as RE '-Fe-B phase grain boundary high abundance Rare-Earth Ce,
Improve the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of RE '-Fe-B phase grain boundary.Comprehensive both above factor, the mutually high magnetocrystalline of (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B
Anisotropy field is maintained, and RE '-Fe-B phase Grain Surface magnetocrystalline anisotropy field is improved, and magnet coercivity can be significant
Enhancing, can increase specific gravity of the high abundance rare earth element in total amount of rare earth in this way, reduce the dosage of Nd-Pr, improve the property of magnet
Valence ratio.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
1) high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder are mixed with permanent magnetism material
Material, high abundance rare earth alloy RE '-Fe-B chemical formula are RE ' by atomic percenta1Fe100-a1-b-cBbMc, alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-
B chemical formula is (Pr, Nd) by atomic percenta2Fe100-a2-b-cBbMc, wherein 11≤a1≤13,15≤a2≤20,5≤b≤9,0
≤ c≤15, and a2-a1 >=3.
2) RE ' is selected from rare earth element La and Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc,
Including at least one or more of high abundance rare earth element ce, La, Y, or include mischmetal；The high abundance rare earth for including
The total content of Elements C e, La, Y are greater than the 50wt% of rare earth total weight in alloy RE '-Fe-B.Element M is addition member in chemical formula
Element, be one of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb or
It is several.Alloy RE '-Fe-B and alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B main phase are RE2Fe14B。
3) (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder is thinner than high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder particle；(Nd,Pr)-Fe-
B alloy powder particle is obtained by airflow milling or by ball grinding method, and powder particle average-size is lower than 2 μm.
4) high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder are mixed in a certain ratio,
Wherein 60wt% of high abundance rare earth the RE '-Fe-B alloy powder not less than powder total weight after mixing, (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy
40wt% of the content of powder not higher than powder total weight after mixing.
5) it when mixing high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder, can also be added
Other alloys or metal powder, but the additional amount of other alloys or metal powder is not higher than the 20wt% of total weight of the mixture.
6) other alloys or metal powder include rare earth elements RE, the one or more of Fe, B, M.RE is selected from rare earth member
Element, one of M Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb or
Several, powder can carry out hydrogen breaking and airflow milling by metal to melting and alloy or ball grinding method obtains.
Invention also provides high abundance rare earth the RE '-Fe-B alloy powders described in one kind to close with (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B
Bronze end is mixed with the preparation method of permanent-magnet material:
Weighing and burden is carried out to raw material according to ingredient design requirement, prepares at least two alloys, i.e. high abundance rare earth alloy
RE '-Fe-B and alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B, wherein rare earth element presses excess 5wt% ingredient, to supplement subsequent technique rare earth element
Volatilization.The raw material prepared is put into Medium frequency induction rapid hardening furnace crucible, high-purity argon gas is filled with after vacuumizing, then power transmission adds
Heat, wait melt as molten liquid is poured into the water-cooled copper roller that linear velocity is 1 ~ 3m/s when liquid, obtain average thickness be 0.1 ~
The rapid casting of 2.0mm；The mode of induction heating can also be used to make melting sources liquid under vacuum conditions, and guarantee alloy
Ingredient is uniform, is then cooled to alloy cast ingot.Quick setting belt obtained or alloy are put into hydrogen breaking furnace and are crushed, is obtained just broken
Powder；Then by the powder of hydrogen breaking add high pressure nitrogen carry out airflow milling, can also be under protective atmosphere in the powder of hydrogen breaking
It is added the oxidation and reunion of a small amount of antioxidant prevention powder, the ratio of antioxidant and hydrogen breaking powder is 2 ~ 6ml/kg, is led to
Cross the magnetic powder that alloy powder is prepared into 1 ~ 6 μm of average particle size by airflow milling；Wherein (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder can be further
Powder particle average-size is set to drop to 2 μm or less by ball milling.According to component design requirement, by the alloy powder of acquisition by certain
Ratio be uniformly mixed, wherein must include high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder；
60wt% of high abundance rare earth the RE '-Fe-B alloy powder not less than powder total weight after mixing；(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder
40wt% of the content not higher than powder total weight after mixing；The other alloys or metal powder being added are total not higher than powder after mixing
The 20wt% of weight.Uniformly mixed powder is orientated compression moulding in the magnetic field of 1 ~ 3T, density is made in cold isostatic press
For 3 ~ 5g/cm3Blank, improve the density and intensity of blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace, high vacuum will be evacuated in furnace then
It is filled with argon gas, temperature is then raised to 970 ~ 1080oC and is sintered, heat preservation is cooled to room temperature and obtains sintering magnetic after 1 ~ 6 hour
Body.The sintered magnet of acquisition can be heat-treated 1 ~ 4 hour in 700 ~ 980oC and 400 ~ 700oC respectively.
Content of rare earth in high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy of the present invention is low；Rare earth member in (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy
Plain Nd-Pr content is high, and provides high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field.Rare earth element mainly contains from rare earth in sintering annealing process
It measures and is spread in the low alloy phase of the opposite content of high alloy, the high abundances such as Ce rare earth element contains in opposite directions from the low alloy of content of rare earth
It measures diffusion substitution Nd-Pr in high alloy phase to weaken, (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B mutually high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field is maintained, magnet
It is able to maintain higher coercivity.
Rare earth element nd-Pr content in (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy of the invention is high, Nd-Pr etc. in sintering annealing process
Element is more significant to intergranular diffusion, and further the RE '-Fe-B phase Grain Surface diffusion low to content of rare earth, improves Gao Feng
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of rare earth alloy phase Grain Surface is spent, the coercivity of magnet is improved.
For the present invention using high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy as main phase, the content of rare earth of main phase is low, therefore total dilute of magnet
Native comparision contents are low, and the content of Fe is big, and the saturation magnetization of magnet is higher, and remanent magnetism is higher, can obtain good comprehensive magnetic
Performance.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) elements such as high abundance Rare-Earth Ce of the present invention spread substitution Nd-Pr into (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B phase and are suppressed,
The high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field that (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B mutually has is maintained, magnet thus coercivity with higher.
2) diffusion of the elements such as high abundance Rare-Earth Ce of the present invention is suppressed, and the coercivity of magnet is higher, thus high abundance is dilute
The amount of powder can increase after native RE '-Fe-B alloy powder accounts for mixing, and high abundance rare earth element total content increases, and price is high
The decline of Nd-Pr dosage, the cost of raw material of magnet are lower.
3) content of rare earth of high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy of the present invention is low, and total content of rare earth is smaller in magnet, magnetic
Body saturation magnetization is higher, and remanent magnetism is relatively high, and magnet cost performance is high.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The chemical formula of the lower main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6；Content of rare earth compared with
The chemical formula of high alloy is Nd by atomic percent17Fe75B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8Ingot casting exists two kinds of ingot castings respectively
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in vacuum, guarantees that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen breaking furnace
Middle carry out hydrogen breaking, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8It is 3.5 that alloy, which wears into average particle size,
μm powder.Then use high-energy ball milling by Nd17Fe75B8Powder wears into the fine powder that average particle size is about 1 μm.
By 9 grams of Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6Powder and 1 gram of Nd17Fe75B8Fine powder is uniformly mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
Middle compression moulding, then equal static pressure are carried out into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein sintering temperature 1010o
C keeps the temperature 2 hours, after being cooled to room temperature, is then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measuring device measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 10.89kOe, and remanent magnetism is
12.49kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 40.91MGsOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 62.29wt%.
As a comparison case 1, by the identical two kinds of alloys of content of rare earth, i.e. Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Alloy and Nd13.5Fe80B6.5
Alloy, by above-mentioned flouring technology powder, then by 9 grams of Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Powder and 1 gram of Nd13.5Fe80B6.5Powder mixing is equal
It is even, magnet is made by above-mentioned sintering, annealing process.Magnet coercivity is 3.06kOe, remanent magnetism 10.30kGs, maximum magnetic energy product
For 17.44MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 59.34wt%.There it can be seen that passing through rare earth
The higher alloy of content and the lower alloy powder of content of rare earth are mixed with rare-earth permanent magnet, can not only obtain higher coercive
Power and magnetic property, and high abundance Cheap rare-earth element can be utilized to the utmost.
Table 1: embodiment 1 and 1 magnet magnetic property of comparative example and high abundance Rare-Earth Ce constituent content
| Ingredient and component | Coercivity Hc | Remanent magnetism Br | Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max | Ce accounts for rare earth weight ratio | |
| Embodiment 1 | Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6(9g) and Nd17Fe75B8(1g) | 10.89kOe | 12.49kGs | 40.91MGOe | 62.29wt% |
| Comparative example 1 | Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5(9g) and Nd13.5Fe80B6.5(1g) | 3.06kOe | 10.30kGs | 17.44MGOe | 59.34wt% |
Embodiment 2
The chemical formula of the lower main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6；Content of rare earth compared with
The chemical formula of high alloy is Nd by atomic percent17Fe75B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8Ingot casting exists two kinds of ingot castings respectively
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in vacuum, guarantees that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen breaking furnace
Middle carry out hydrogen breaking, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8It is 3.5 that alloy, which wears into average particle size,
μm powder.Then use high-energy ball milling by Nd17Fe75B8Powder wears into the fine powder that average particle size is about 1 μm.
By 8 grams of Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6Powder and 2 grams of Nd17Fe75B8Fine powder is uniformly mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
Middle compression moulding, then equal static pressure are carried out into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein sintering temperature 1010o
C keeps the temperature 2 hours, after being cooled to room temperature, is then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measuring device measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 11.21kOe, and remanent magnetism is
12.77kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 42.31MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 53.72wt%.
As a comparison case 2, by the identical two kinds of alloys of content of rare earth, i.e. Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Alloy and Nd13.5Fe80B6.5
Alloy, by above-mentioned flouring technology powder, then by 8 grams of Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Powder and 2 grams of Nd13.5Fe80B6.5Powder mixing is equal
It is even, magnet is made by above-mentioned sintering, annealing process.Magnet coercivity is 4.31kOe, remanent magnetism 11.41kGs, maximum magnetic energy product
For 26.16MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 52.67wt%.There it can be seen that passing through rare earth
The higher alloy of content and the lower alloy powder of content of rare earth are mixed with rare-earth permanent magnet, can not only obtain higher coercive
Power and magnetic property, and high abundance Cheap rare-earth element can be utilized to the utmost.
Table 2: embodiment 2 and 2 magnet magnetic property of comparative example and high abundance Rare-Earth Ce constituent content
| Ingredient and component | Coercivity Hc | Remanent magnetism Br | Magnetic energy product (BH)max | Ce accounts for rare earth weight ratio | |
| Embodiment 2 | Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6(8g) and Nd17Fe75B8(2g) | 11.21kOe | 12.77kGs | 42.31MGOe | 53.72wt% |
| Comparative example 2 | Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5(8g) and Nd13.5Fe80B6.5(2g) | 4.31kOe | 11.41kGs | 26.16MGOe | 52.67wt% |
Embodiment 3
The chemical formula of the lower main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6；Content of rare earth compared with
The chemical formula of high alloy is Nd by atomic percent18Fe74B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6And Nd18Fe74B8Ingot casting exists two kinds of ingot castings respectively
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in vacuum, guarantees that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen breaking furnace
Middle carry out hydrogen breaking, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6And Nd18Fe74B8It is 3.5 that alloy, which wears into average particle size,
μm powder.Then use high-energy ball milling by Nd18Fe74B8Powder wears into the fine powder that average particle size is about 1 μm.
By 8 grams of Ce7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6Powder and 2 grams of Nd18Fe74B8Fine powder is uniformly mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
Middle compression moulding, then equal static pressure are carried out into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein sintering temperature 1010o
C keeps the temperature 2 hours, after being cooled to room temperature, is then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measuring device measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 11.87kOe, and remanent magnetism is
13.89kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 45.91MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 48.84wt%.
Embodiment 4
The chemical formula of the lower main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent9Nd4Fe81B6；Content of rare earth is higher
The chemical formula of alloy is Nd by atomic percent16Fe76B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace9Nd4Fe81B6And Nd16Fe76B8Ingot casting, by two kinds of ingot castings respectively true
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in the air, guarantees that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen breaking furnace
Hydrogen breaking is carried out, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce9Nd4Fe81B6And Nd16Fe76B8It is 3.5 μm that alloy, which wears into average particle size,
Powder.Then use high-energy ball milling by Nd16Fe76B8Powder wears into the fine powder that average particle size is about 1 μm.
By 9 grams of Ce9Nd4Fe81B6Powder and 1 gram of Nd16Fe76B8Fine powder is uniformly mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
Compression moulding, then equal static pressure are carried out into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein sintering temperature 1010oC,
Heat preservation 2 hours after being cooled to room temperature, is then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measuring device measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 10.47kOe, and remanent magnetism is
12.25kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 39.86MGOe, wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 60.45wt%.
Finally, it should be noted that obviously, the above embodiment is merely an example for clearly illustrating the present invention, and simultaneously
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also make on the basis of the above description
Other various forms of variations or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is thus amplified
Obvious changes or variations out are still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element, by high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and
(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder is mixed with permanent-magnet material, it is characterised in that: rare earth atom percentage contains in RE '-Fe-B alloy
Amount is far below (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy rare earth atom percentage composition, and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder particle average-size is lower than
2μm；
Wherein, high abundance rare earth alloy RE '-Fe-B chemical formula is RE ' by atomic percenta1Fe100-a1-b-cBbMc, alloy (Nd,
Pr)-Fe-B chemical formula is (Nd, Pr) by atomic percenta2Fe100-a2-b-cBbMc, wherein 11≤a1≤13,15≤a2≤20,5
≤ b≤9,0≤c≤15, a2-a1 >=3；RE ' be selected from rare earth element La and Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,
Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc, and include at least one or more of high abundance rare earth element ce, La, Y；The high abundance for being included is dilute
The total content of earth elements Ce, La, Y are greater than the 50wt% of rare earth total weight in alloy RE '-Fe-B；Element M is addition element, is
One or more of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb；
The main phase of alloy RE '-Fe-B and alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B are RE2Fe14B；(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder compares high abundance
Rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder particle is thin, and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder particle is obtained by airflow milling or by ball grinding method
?.
2. a kind of method for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: will be high
Abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder are mixed in a certain ratio, wherein high abundance rare earth
RE '-Fe-B alloy powder content is not less than the 60wt% of powder total weight after mixing, and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder content is not
Higher than the 40wt% of powder total weight after mixing.
3. a kind of method for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: will be high
When abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder mix, additionally it is possible to other alloys or metal be added
Powder, but the additional amount of other alloys or metal powder is not higher than the 20wt% of total weight of the mixture；Other alloys or gold
Belong to powder include RE, Fe, B, M one or more, RE be selected from rare earth element, M Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti,
One or more of Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb；Powder is by melting, hydrogen breaking, then air-flow
Mill or ball grinding method obtain.
4. a kind of method for preparing permanent-magnet material using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in any one of claims 1-3,
It is characterized in that: comprising following processing step:
Step 1: weighing and burden being carried out to raw material according to ingredient design requirement, prepares at least two alloys, wherein must include height
Abundance rare earth alloy RE 'a1Fe100-a1-b-cBbMcWith alloy (Nd, Pr)a2Fe100-a2-b-cBbMc, wherein a1, a2, b, c are atom hundred
Divide than content, 11≤a1≤13,15≤a2≤20,5≤b≤9,0≤c≤15, and a2-a1 >=3；RE ' is selected from rare earth element
La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc, and include at least high abundance rare earth element ce,
One or more of La, Y；The total content of the high abundance rare earth element ce, La, Y that are included is greater than dilute in alloy RE '-Fe-B
The 50wt% of native total weight；M be Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn,
One or more of Ta, Pb are the addition element in alloy；
Step 2: the raw material that step 1 is prepared is respectively put into Medium frequency induction rapid hardening furnace crucible, is filled with high-purity argon gas after vacuumizing,
It is then electrified to heat, wait melt as molten liquid is poured into the water-cooled copper roller that linear velocity is 1~3m/s when liquid, be averaged
With a thickness of the rapid casting of 0.1~2.0mm；
Step 3: quick setting belt obtained in step 2 or alloy cast ingot being put into hydrogen breaking furnace and are crushed, just broken powder is obtained；With
Afterwards by the powder of hydrogen breaking add high pressure nitrogen carry out airflow milling, prevent the oxidation and reunion of powder, antioxidant and hydrogen breaking powder
The ratio at end is 2~6ml/kg, and alloy powder is prepared into 1~6 μm of average particle size of magnetic powder by airflow milling；Wherein (Nd,
Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder, which further passes through ball milling, makes powder particle average-size drop to 2 μm or less；
Step 4: according to component design requirement, the alloy powder that step 3 obtains being uniformly mixed according to a certain percentage, wherein necessary
Including high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder；High abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloyed powder
60wt% of the last content not less than powder total weight after mixing；(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder content is not higher than powder after mixing
The 40wt% of total weight；
Step 5: the powder that step 4 is uniformly mixed being orientated compression moulding in the magnetic field of 1-3T, is made in cold isostatic press
Density is 3~5g/cm3Blank, improve the density and intensity of blank；
Step 6: blank is put into sintering furnace, high vacuum will be evacuated in furnace and is then charged with argon gas, temperature is then raised to 970~
1080 DEG C are sintered, and heat preservation is cooled to room temperature and obtains sintered magnet after 1~6 hour；
Step 7: the sintered magnet that step 6 is obtained is heat-treated 1~4 hour at 700~980 DEG C and 400~700 DEG C respectively.
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| CN109585109B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-06-18 | 宁波同创强磁材料有限公司 | Mixed rare earth permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN109585112B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2021-10-12 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-performance rare earth permanent magnetic material with improved crystal structure |
| CN111593261B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2021-11-05 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Lanthanum-cerium co-doped isotropic bonded magnetic powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN110047636B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-09-10 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of high-coercivity La/Ce-rich sintered magnet |
| CN113549813A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-26 | 江西理工大学 | Preparation method of main-auxiliary phase nanocrystalline high-abundance rare earth permanent magnet material |
| CN113936879A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-14 | 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司 | La-containing R-T-B rare earth permanent magnet |
| CN115821173A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-21 | 国网智能电网研究院有限公司 | High-abundance rare earth element-based nano dual-phase composite material and preparation method thereof |
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