CN107578870A - A kind of method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element - Google Patents
A kind of method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element, this method optimizes high abundance rare earth RE ' Fe B alloys and (Nd, Pr) the composition design of Fe B alloys, so that the content of rare earth of high abundance rare earth RE ' Fe B alloys is relatively low, (Nd, Pr) Fe B alloy content of rare earth is higher.Because the constituent content such as Ce is relatively low in high abundance rare earth RE ' Fe B alloys, the diffusion of the element such as Ce substitutes Nd Pr degree reduction in sintering process, (Nd, Pr) Fe B alloys mutually can keep high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, the total content of high abundance rare earth element can be properly increased while higher coercivity is kept, the dosage of the low abundance rare earth elements such as Nd, Pr is reduced, so as to significantly reduce raw material and production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element, belong to rare earth permanent-magnetic material system
Standby field.
Background technology
Rare-earth permanent magnet (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B has high remanent magnetism, high-coercive force, high energy product, turns into modern science and technology spy
It is not the indispensable critical material in the fields such as computer, Aero-Space, communications and transportation, clean energy resource, is used widely, pushes away
The development of related industry is moved.But rare earth element is important strategic resource, it is saved and rationally using as country and industry
The problem of boundary is paid special attention to.
In Rare Earth Mine, Nd, Pr abundance are low, and content is less, and price is high；Ce, La, Y abundance are high, and content is big, and price is just
Preferably.A large amount of productions and extensive use of (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B permanent-magnet materials cause Nd, Pr largely to consume, while cause Ce, La, Y
High abundance Cheap rare-earth element overstocks not utilized, and the exploitation of Rare Earth Mine is using having aggravated the pressure of environmental protection.Reduce
The dosage of rare earth, the production cost for substituting using high abundance rare earth element Nd and Pr elements, reducing magnet turn into rare earth permanent magnet material
The problem of expecting industrial circle urgent need to resolve.
(Ce, Nd)-Fe-B sintered magnets are prepared into using the high abundance rare earth element such as Ce part substitution Nd, but due to
Ce2Fe14The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of the high abundance rare-earth magnet such as B is very low, and Ce elements substitution Nd seriously reduces the magnetocrystalline of principal phase
Anisotropy field, magnet coercivity significantly reduce.The high abundance rare earths such as higher coercivity Ce member is obtained in sintered magnet
Element is no more than the 40wt% of rare earth gross weight.
Publication No. be CN102436892A Chinese patent in, Iron and Steel Research Geueral Inst will (Ce, Nd)-Fe-B alloys with
Nd-Fe-B alloy powders are mixed with principal phase magnet in pairs, and high abundance is improved using the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of Nd-Fe-B alloys
The coercivity of rare-earth magnet, when Ce contents are not higher than rare earth gross weight 40wt%, magnet coercivity is also possible to unobvious decline.But
Because Ce elements can spread replacement Nd into Nd-Fe-B phases in (Ce, Nd)-Fe-B alloys in sintering process, so as to which meeting is obvious
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of Nd-Fe-B phases is reduced, therefore it is limited that magnet coercivity, which improves degree,；It is dilute to increase the high abundances such as Ce
The content of earth elements, reduces Nd content, and magnet coercivity significantly reduces.
In the Chinese patent that publication No. is CN103123839A, Zhejiang University is in [(NdaRE1-a)1-xCex)]hFe100-h-i-jMiBjThe mutually auxiliary alloy of intergranular is added in alloy, the coercivity of magnet can be improved.Due to auxiliary alloy Rare Earth Elements
The content of element is very high, and the rare-earth usage increase of magnet, remanent magnetism can decline, and to make magnet that there is higher coercivity high abundance
The comparision contents that rare earth element accounts for total rare earth (TRE) are low, and it is limited that the magnet cost of raw material, which declines degree,.
In the Chinese patent that publication No. is CN103794323A, Zhejiang University is by the high abundance of low magnetocrystalline anisotropy field
Rare earth (RE100-aMMa)-Fe-B alloys and high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field the mixing of Nd-Fe-B alloys, be blended into intergranular and be modified phase,
The performance of magnet is improved.But the patent does not have the diffusion that clear and definite method controls two kinds of alloy rare earth elements, and
Need to add intergranular modification phase to improve coercivity, it is mutually rich rare earth alloy that intergranular, which is modified, and its addition also increases dilute in magnet
The total content of earth elements, the content that the magnet high abundance rare earth element of preparation accounts for total rare earth (TRE) are difficult to improve, high abundance rare earth element
The reduction of utilization rate and the magnet cost of raw material is limited.
Improve high abundance rare earth element and account for the content of total rare earth (TRE), while magnet is possessed the magnetic such as higher coercivity
Can be, it is necessary to which preparation technology and method to high abundance rare earth permanent-magnetic material further explore.The diffusion and member of rare earth element
Cellulose content concentration is relevant, and the double principal phase magnets of tradition, which use, mixes the RE '-Fe-B alloys containing Ce and Nd-Fe-B alloys, two kinds of conjunctions
Content of rare earth in gold is more or less the same even equal, therefore Ce and Nd phase counterdiffusion.If RE '-Fe-B alloys can be suppressed
Middle high abundance Rare-Earth Ce element spreads substitution Nd into Nd-Fe-B alloys, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of Nd-Fe-B phases would not show
Write and decline, the coercivity of magnet can be maintained at higher level, can so improve the high abundance rare earth element such as Ce to a greater extent
Content, the rare earth element nd-Pr dosages of price costly reduce, and magnet cost performance can significantly improve.
The content of the invention
The present invention needs solve the problems, such as to be that overcoming rare earth element to spread causes (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B phase magnetocrystallines
A kind of different in nature significantly reduced deficiency in field, there is provided method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element.It is moderately reduced
High abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy Rare-Earth Contents, improve (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy Rare-Earth Contents.Because high abundance is dilute
Native RE '-Fe-B alloy Rare-Earth Contents are low, close to RE2Fe14B's just divides content, therefore structure is very stable, high abundance Rare-Earth Ce
The possibility reduction spread Deng element to intergranular liquid phase, it is difficult into (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloys, diffusion substitutes Nd-Pr, thus
The mutually high magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields of (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B are maintained.Simultaneously because (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy Rare Earth Element Contents
Of a relatively high, Nd-Pr can spread to intergranular liquid phase, also may replace the elements such as RE '-Fe-B phases grain boundary high abundance Rare-Earth Ce,
Improve the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of RE '-Fe-B phases grain boundary.Comprehensive both above factor, the mutually high magnetocrystallines of (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B
Anisotropy field is maintained, and RE '-Fe-B phase Grain Surface magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields are improved, and magnet coercivity can be notable
Enhancing, can so increase proportion of the high abundance rare earth element in total amount of rare earth, reduce Nd-Pr dosage, improve the property of magnet
Valency ratio.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme：
1) high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders are mixed with permanent-magnet material, it is high
Abundance rare earth alloy RE '-Fe-B chemical formulas are RE ' by atomic percenta1Fe100-a1-b-cBbMc, alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B chemistry
Formula is (Pr, Nd) by atomic percenta2Fe100-a2-b-cBbMc, wherein 11≤a1≤13,15≤a2≤20,5≤b≤9,0≤c≤
15, and a2-a1 >=3.
2) RE ' is selected from rare earth element La and Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc,
Including at least the one or more in high abundance rare earth element ce, La, Y, or include mischmetal；Comprising high abundance rare earth
Elements C e, La, Y total content are more than the 50wt% of alloy RE '-Fe-B middle rare earth gross weights.Element M is addition member in chemical formula
Element, be Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb in one kind or
It is several.Alloy RE '-Fe-B and alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B principal phases are RE2Fe14B。
3) (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders are thinner than high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder particles；(Nd,Pr)-Fe-
B alloy powder particles obtain by airflow milling or by ball grinding method, and powder particle average-size is less than 2 μm.
4) high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders are mixed by a certain percentage,
Wherein high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders are not less than the 60wt% of powder gross weight after mixing, (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloys
40wt% of the content of powder not higher than powder gross weight after mixing.
5) when mixing high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders, can also add
Other alloys or metal dust, but the addition of other alloys or metal dust is not higher than the 20wt% of total weight of the mixture.
6) other alloys or metal dust, rare earth elements RE, Fe, B, M one or more are included.RE is selected from rare earth member
Element, one kind in M Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb or
Several, powder can carry out broken hydrogen and airflow milling by the metal to melting and alloy or ball grinding method obtains.
Invention also provides a kind of described high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B to close
Bronze end is mixed with the preparation method of permanent-magnet material：
Require to carry out raw material weighing and burden according to composition design, at least two alloys of preparation, i.e. high abundance rare earth alloy RE '-
Fe-B and alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B, its rare earth elements presses excessive 5wt% dispensings, to supplement waving for subsequent technique rare earth element
Hair.The raw material prepared is put into Medium frequency induction rapid hardening furnace crucible, high-purity argon gas is filled with after vacuumizing, then power transmission heats, and treats
It is in 1 ~ 3m/s water-cooled copper roller to melt as fused solution is poured into linear velocity during liquid, and acquisition average thickness is 0.1 ~ 2.0mm
Rapid casting；Also the mode of sensing heating can be used under vacuum makes melting sources for liquid, and ensures alloying component
Uniformly, then it is cooled to alloy cast ingot.Obtained quick setting belt or alloy are put into the broken stove of hydrogen and crushed, obtains just broken powder
End；Then by hydrogen break pulverized powder add high pressure nitrogen carry out airflow milling, also can under protective atmosphere in hydrogen breaks pulverized powder plus
Enter the oxidation and reunion of a small amount of antioxidant prevention powder, the ratio that antioxidant and hydrogen crush powder is 2 ~ 6ml/kg, is passed through
Alloy powder is prepared into the magnetic of 1 ~ 6 μm of particle mean size by airflow milling；Wherein (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders can further lead to
Crossing ball milling makes powder particle average-size drop to less than 2 μm.According to component design requirement, the alloy powder of acquisition is pressed necessarily
Ratio is well mixed, wherein must include high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders；It is high
60wt% of abundance rare earth the RE '-Fe-B alloy powders not less than powder gross weight after mixing；(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders contain
40wt% of the amount not higher than powder gross weight after mixing；The other alloys or metal dust added are not higher than powder gross weight after mixing
The 20wt% of amount.Well mixed powder is orientated in 1 ~ 3T magnetic field compressing, in cold isostatic press density is made is
3~5g/cm3Blank, improve the density and intensity of blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace, high vacuum will be evacuated in stove and then is filled
Enter argon gas, temperature then is raised into 970 ~ 1080oC is sintered, and insulation is cooled to normal temperature and obtains sintered magnet after 1 ~ 6 hour.
The sintered magnet of acquisition can be heat-treated 1 ~ 4 hour in 700 ~ 980oC and 400 ~ 700oC respectively.
Content of rare earth in high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloys of the present invention is low；Rare earth member in (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloys
Plain Nd-Pr contents are high, and provide high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field.Mainly contain in sintering annealing process rare earth elements from rare earth
Measure and spread in the low alloy phase of the opposite content of high alloy, the high abundance such as Ce rare earth element contains in opposite directions from the low alloy of content of rare earth
Measure diffusion in high alloy phase and substitute Nd-Pr decreases, magnetocrystalline anisotropy field mutually high (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B is maintained, magnet
Higher coercivity can be kept.
Rare earth element nd-Pr contents in (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloys of the invention are high, Nd-Pr etc. in annealing process is sintered
Element is more notable to intergranular diffusion, is further spread to low the RE '-Fe-B phases Grain Surface of content of rare earth, improves Gao Feng
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of rare earth alloy phase Grain Surface is spent, the coercivity of magnet is improved.
The present invention using high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloys as principal phase, the content of rare earth of principal phase is low, thus magnet always it is dilute
Native comparision contents are low, and Fe content is big, and the saturation magnetization of magnet is higher, and remanent magnetism is higher, can obtain good synthesis magnetic
Performance.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) element such as high abundance Rare-Earth Ce of the present invention spreads replacement Nd-Pr into (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B phases and is suppressed, (Nd,
Pr) the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field that-Fe-B mutually has is maintained, and magnet thus has higher coercivity.
2) diffusion of the element such as high abundance Rare-Earth Ce of the present invention is suppressed, and the coercivity of magnet is higher, thus high abundance is dilute
The amount of powder can increase after native RE '-Fe-B alloy powders account for mixing, the increase of high abundance rare earth element total content, and price is high
Nd-Pr dosages decline, and the cost of raw material of magnet is lower.
3) content of rare earth of high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloys of the present invention is low, and total content of rare earth is smaller in magnet, magnetic
Body saturation magnetization is higher, and remanent magnetism is of a relatively high, and magnet is cost-effective.
Embodiment：
Embodiment 1
The chemical formula of the relatively low main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6；Content of rare earth is higher
The chemical formula of alloy is Nd by atomic percent17Fe75B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8Ingot casting, two kinds of ingot castings are existed respectively
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in vacuum, ensures that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen and crushes stove
Middle progress hydrogen crushes, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8Alloy wears into particle mean size as 3.5
μm powder.High-energy ball milling is then used by Nd17Fe75B8Powder wears into the fine powder that particle mean size is about 1 μm.
By 9 grams of Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6Powder and 1 gram of Nd17Fe75B8Fine powder is well mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
In it is compressing, then carry out isostatic pressed into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein, sintering temperature 1010o
C, 2 hours are incubated, after being cooled to room temperature, are then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measurement apparatus measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 10.89kOe, and remanent magnetism is
12.49kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 40.91MGsOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 62.29wt%.
As a comparison case 1, by two kinds of alloys of content of rare earth identical, i.e. Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Alloy and Nd13.5Fe80B6.5
Alloy, by above-mentioned flouring technology powder, then by 9 grams of Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Powder and 1 gram of Nd13.5Fe80B6.5Powder mixing is equal
It is even, magnet is made by above-mentioned sintering, annealing process.Magnet coercivity is 3.06kOe, remanent magnetism 10.30kGs, maximum magnetic energy product
For 17.44MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 59.34wt%.There it can be seen that pass through rare earth
The higher alloy of content and the relatively low alloy powder of content of rare earth are mixed with rare-earth permanent magnet, can not only obtain higher coercive
Power and magnetic property, and high abundance Cheap rare-earth element can be utilized to the utmost.
Table 1:Embodiment 1 and the magnet magnetic property of comparative example 1 and high abundance Rare-Earth Ce constituent content
| Composition and component | Coercivity Hc | Remanent magnetism Br | Maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max | Ce accounts for rare earth weight ratio | |
| Embodiment 1 | Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6（9g）And Nd17Fe75B8（1g） | 10.89kOe | 12.49kGs | 40.91MGOe | 62.29wt% |
| Comparative example 1 | Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5（9g）And Nd13.5Fe80B6.5（1g） | 3.06kOe | 10.30kGs | 17.44MGOe | 59.34wt% |
Embodiment 2
The chemical formula of the relatively low main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6；Content of rare earth is higher
The chemical formula of alloy is Nd by atomic percent17Fe75B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8Ingot casting, two kinds of ingot castings are existed respectively
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in vacuum, ensures that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen and crushes stove
Middle progress hydrogen crushes, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6And Nd17Fe75B8Alloy wears into particle mean size as 3.5
μm powder.High-energy ball milling is then used by Nd17Fe75B8Powder wears into the fine powder that particle mean size is about 1 μm.
By 8 grams of Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6Powder and 2 grams of Nd17Fe75B8Fine powder is well mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
In it is compressing, then carry out isostatic pressed into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein, sintering temperature 1010o
C, 2 hours are incubated, after being cooled to room temperature, are then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measurement apparatus measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 11.21kOe, and remanent magnetism is
12.77kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 42.31MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 53.72wt%.
As a comparison case 2, by two kinds of alloys of content of rare earth identical, i.e. Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Alloy and Nd13.5Fe80B6.5
Alloy, by above-mentioned flouring technology powder, then by 8 grams of Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5Powder and 2 grams of Nd13.5Fe80B6.5Powder mixing is equal
It is even, magnet is made by above-mentioned sintering, annealing process.Magnet coercivity is 4.31kOe, remanent magnetism 11.41kGs, maximum magnetic energy product
For 26.16MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 52.67wt%.There it can be seen that pass through rare earth
The higher alloy of content and the relatively low alloy powder of content of rare earth are mixed with rare-earth permanent magnet, can not only obtain higher coercive
Power and magnetic property, and high abundance Cheap rare-earth element can be utilized to the utmost.
Table 2:Embodiment 2 and the magnet magnetic property of comparative example 2 and high abundance Rare-Earth Ce constituent content
| Composition and component | Coercivity Hc | Remanent magnetism Br | Magnetic energy product (BH)max | Ce accounts for rare earth weight ratio | |
| Embodiment 2 | Ce9Nd3.5Fe81.5B6（8g）And Nd17Fe75B8（2g） | 11.21kOe | 12.77kGs | 42.31MGOe | 53.72wt% |
| Comparative example 2 | Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5（8g）And Nd13.5Fe80B6.5（2g） | 4.31kOe | 11.41kGs | 26.16MGOe | 52.67wt% |
Embodiment 3
The chemical formula of the relatively low main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6；Content of rare earth is higher
The chemical formula of alloy is Nd by atomic percent18Fe74B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6And Nd18Fe74B8Ingot casting, two kinds of ingot castings are existed respectively
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in vacuum, ensures that alloying component is more uniform；Then it is respectively placed in hydrogen and crushes stove
Middle progress hydrogen crushes, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6And Nd18Fe74B8Alloy wears into particle mean size as 3.5
μm powder.High-energy ball milling is then used by Nd18Fe74B8Powder wears into the fine powder that particle mean size is about 1 μm.
By 8 grams of Ce7.5Nd3.5Fe83B6Powder and 2 grams of Nd18Fe74B8Fine powder is well mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
In it is compressing, then carry out isostatic pressed into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein, sintering temperature 1010o
C, 2 hours are incubated, after being cooled to room temperature, are then heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measurement apparatus measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 11.87kOe, and remanent magnetism is
13.89kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 45.91MGOe.Wherein high abundance rare earth element ce content in rare earth is 48.84wt%.
Embodiment 4
The chemical formula of the relatively low main-phase alloy of content of rare earth is Ce by atomic percent9Nd4Fe81B6；The higher conjunction of content of rare earth
The chemical formula of gold is Nd by atomic percent16Fe76B8。
Ce is smelted respectively with vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace9Nd4Fe81B6And Nd16Fe76B8Ingot casting, by two kinds of ingot castings respectively true
Homogenization heat treatment 2 hours is carried out in 1100oC in the air, ensures that alloying component is more uniform；Hydrogen is then respectively placed in crush in stove
Carry out hydrogen to crush, then using airflow milling respectively by Ce9Nd4Fe81B6And Nd16Fe76B8It is 3.5 μm that alloy, which wears into particle mean size,
Powder.High-energy ball milling is then used by Nd16Fe76B8Powder wears into the fine powder that particle mean size is about 1 μm.
By 9 grams of Ce9Nd4Fe81B6Powder and 1 gram of Nd16Fe76B8Fine powder is well mixed, then by mixed powder in magnetic field
It is compressing, then isostatic pressed is carried out into blank.Blank is put into sintering furnace and is sintered, wherein, sintering temperature 1010oC,
Insulation 2 hours, after being cooled to room temperature, then it is heat-treated 2 hours in 900oC and 550oC respectively.
Using the magnetic property of NIM-200C permanent magnetism measurement apparatus measurement magnet, magnet coercivity is 10.47kOe, and remanent magnetism is
12.25kGs, maximum magnetic energy product 39.86MGOe, wherein high abundance the rare earth element ce content in rare earth are 60.45wt%.
Finally it should be noted that：Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and simultaneously
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make on the basis of the above description
Other various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus amplified
Among the obvious changes or variations gone out is still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element, by high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and
(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders are mixed with permanent-magnet material, it is characterised in that：RE '-Fe-B alloy middle rare earth atomic percents contain
Amount is far below (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy rare earth atom percentage compositions, and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder particle average-sizes are less than
2μm。
A kind of 2. method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Gao Feng
It is RE ' to spend rare earth alloy RE '-Fe-B chemical formulas by atomic percenta1Fe100-a1-b-cBbMc, alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B chemical formulas
It is (Nd, Pr) by atomic percenta2Fe100-a2-b-cBbMc, wherein 11≤a1≤13,15≤a2≤20,5≤b≤9,0≤c≤
15, a2-a1 >=3；
RE ' is selected from rare earth element La and Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc, and at least wraps
Rare earth element ce containing high abundance, the one or more in La, Y；Comprising high abundance rare earth element ce, La, Y total content it is big
In the 50wt% of alloy RE '-Fe-B middle rare earth gross weights；
Element M is addition element, be Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se,
One or more in Sn, Ta, Pb；
Alloy RE '-Fe-B and alloy (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B principal phase are RE2Fe14B。
A kind of 3. method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：(Nd,
Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders are thinner than high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powder particles, and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powder particles lead to
Cross airflow milling or obtained by ball grinding method.
A kind of 4. method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：By height
Abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders mix by a certain percentage, wherein, high abundance rare earth
RE '-Fe-B alloy powders content is not less than the 60wt% of powder gross weight after mixing, and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders content is not
Higher than the 40wt% of powder gross weight after mixing.
A kind of 5. method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：By height
When abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders mix, other alloys or metal powder can be also added
End, but the addition of other alloys or metal dust is not higher than the 20wt% of total weight of the mixture.
6. a kind of method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the one or more that other alloys or metal dust include RE, Fe, B, M, RE is selected from rare earth element, M Co, Ni, Cu, Zn,
One or more in Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn, Ta, Pb；Powder can be by molten
Refining, hydrogen crush, and then airflow milling or ball grinding method obtain.
A kind of 7. method that permanent-magnet material is prepared using high abundance rare earth element as described in claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：Bag
Containing following processing step：
Step 1：Weighing and burden is carried out to raw material according to composition design requirement, prepares at least two alloys, wherein height must be included
Abundance rare earth alloy RE 'a1Fe100-a1-b-cBbMcWith alloy (Nd, Pr)a2Fe100-a2-b-cBbMc, wherein a1, a2, b, c is atom hundred
Divide than content, 11≤a1≤13,15≤a2≤20,5≤b≤9,0≤c≤15, and a2-a1 >=3；RE ' is selected from rare earth element
La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc, and including at least high abundance rare earth element ce,
One or more in La, Y；Comprising high abundance rare earth element ce, La, Y total content be more than alloy RE '-Fe-B in it is dilute
The 50wt% of native gross weight；M be Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Nb, Mo, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, C, Si, P, S, Ge, Se, Sn,
One or more in Ta, Pb, it is the addition element in alloy；
Step 2：The raw material that step 1 is prepared is respectively put into Medium frequency induction rapid hardening furnace crucible, and high-purity argon gas is filled with after vacuumizing,
It is then electrified to heat, it is in 1 ~ 3m/s water-cooled copper roller that fused solution is poured into linear velocity when melting is liquid, is averaged
Thickness is 0.1 ~ 2.0mm rapid casting；Also the mode of sensing heating can be used under vacuum makes melting sources for liquid,
And ensure that alloying component is uniform, then it is cooled to alloy cast ingot；
Step 3：Obtained quick setting belt or alloy cast ingot in step 2 are put into the broken stove of hydrogen and crushed, obtains just broken powder；
Hydrogen is then broken into the pulverized powder nitrogen that adds high pressure and carries out airflow milling, can also be added under protective atmosphere in hydrogen breaks pulverized powder few
Antioxidant is measured, prevents the oxidation and reunion of powder, the ratio that antioxidant and hydrogen crush powder is 2 ~ 6ml/kg, passes through air-flow
Alloy powder is prepared into the magnetic of 1 ~ 6 μm of particle mean size by mill；Wherein (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders further pass through ball milling
Powder particle average-size is set to drop to less than 2 μm；
Step 4：According to component design requirement, the alloy powder that step 3 is obtained is well mixed according to a certain percentage, wherein necessary
Including high abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloy powders and (Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders；High abundance rare earth RE '-Fe-B alloys
60wt% of the content of powder not less than powder gross weight after mixing；(Nd, Pr)-Fe-B alloy powders content is not higher than powder after mixing
The 40wt% of last gross weight；Other alloys or metal dust can be also added, but the addition of other alloys or metal dust is not higher than
The 20wt% of total weight of the mixture；
Step 5：The powder that step 4 is well mixed is orientated compressing in 1-3T magnetic field, is made in cold isostatic press
Density is 3 ~ 5g/cm3Blank, improve the density and intensity of blank；
Step 6：Blank is put into sintering furnace, high vacuum will be evacuated in stove and is then charged with argon gas, temperature is then raised to 970 ~
1080oC is sintered, and insulation is cooled to normal temperature and obtains sintered magnet after 1 ~ 6 hour；
Step 7：The sintered magnet that step 6 is obtained is heat-treated 1 ~ 4 hour in 700 ~ 980oC and 400 ~ 700oC respectively.
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| CN109585109A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-04-05 | 宁波同创强磁材料有限公司 | A kind of mischmetal permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN110047636A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-23 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-coercive force richness La/Ce sintered magnet |
| CN111593261A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-28 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Lanthanum-cerium co-doped isotropic bonded magnetic powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN113549813A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-26 | 江西理工大学 | Preparation method of main-auxiliary phase nanocrystalline high-abundance rare earth permanent magnet material |
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| WO2024113657A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | 福建省金龙稀土股份有限公司 | Magnetic steel containing high-abundance rare earth elements, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
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