CN107576962A - Low level wind shear velocity estimation method based on iteration self-adapting processing - Google Patents
Low level wind shear velocity estimation method based on iteration self-adapting processing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of low level wind shear velocity estimation method based on iteration self-adapting processing.It includes：Data are received according to radar, construct space-time two-dimensional steering vector, and obtain the complete matrix of space-time steering vector；The radar reception data that detecting distance unit is treated according to the above-mentioned complete matrix of space-time steering vector are iterated self-adaptive processing, obtain high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum；Using the space-time two-dimensional spectral power definitely clutter power level, and design median filter of adjacency unit, to detect wind shear signal；Signal by median filter filtering is obtained to the steps such as center wind speed estimate and the distribution situation of Control in Wind Shear Field using frequency centroid method.Simulation result shows, under strong clutter background, the inventive method can obtain more accurate wind field velocity estimation result, and due to that need not utilize IID sample clutter reductions, have compared with optimal processor on operand and significantly reduce.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Signal Processing Technology field, more particularly to a kind of low latitude based on iteration self-adapting processing
Wind shear wind estimation method.
Background technology
Wind shear be it is a kind of small meteorologic phenomena in a short distance occurs, i.e., in an atmosphere it is relatively short away from
From the rapidly change in interior wind speed and (or) direction.Wind shear especially low, flight (the especially landing to aircraft
Stage) there is significant impact.When aircraft is close to Control in Wind Shear Field, contrary wind region is initially entered, now airplane ascensional force increase, pilot
Engine power can be reduced, it is local to weaken against the wind when aircraft flies out contrary wind region into region with the wind, reduce the sky of aircraft
Speed simultaneously adds fall rate, and at this moment aircraft is in low-power rapid decrease state.If aircraft is too low to contiguously
Increase lift before face, then may cause accident.The wind shear occurred in low latitude is to take off a weight with landing period
Hazards are wanted, are known as " invisible killer ".
Airborne weather radar harmful natural phenomena such as real-time perception heavy rain, turbulent flow, wind shear and can be sent out in time down an airway
Go out early warning, can deserve to be called " eyes " of aircraft.But radar is also caused to receive land clutter when it is in " forward sight " pattern
Space-time distribution is coupled with distance, now land clutter generate distance dependencies (i.e. in different distance unit the space-time of clutter divide
Cloth is different), this nonuniformity to can be used for the IID sample sizes of estimation clutter covariance matrix to greatly reduce.Space-time
Adaptive processing technique is mainly used in clutter reduction and a variety of interference in airborne weather radar, aerial so as to effectively detect
With the target in ground (sea) face, it carries out two dimension joint self-adaptive processing using the time-domain information in radar return and spatial information (si),
The output signal-to-noise ratio of target to be detected is improved to greatest extent, and there is very powerful flexibility.But because system dimension is higher,
It is dfficult to apply in Practical Project.The means for reducing space-time adaptive treatment technology operand are mainly the drop by designing suboptimum
Processor is tieed up to realize the reduction of computing magnitude, main method has accessory channel method, 2 Vc apon methods, local Combined Treatment method
Deng.At present, space-time adaptive treatment technology is applied primarily in the parameter Estimation of point target, and low belongs to distribution
Formula meteorology target category.Certain angle spread and frequency expansion occur along with source for distributed signal, often than a signal source
With more complicated spatial distribution characteristic.But still lack corresponding method at present.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind can ensure Parameter Estimation Precision, drop simultaneously
The low level wind shear velocity estimation method based on iteration self-adapting processing of low computational complexity.
In order to achieve the above object, the low wind estimation side provided by the invention based on iteration self-adapting processing
Method includes the following steps carried out in order：
1) data are received according to radar, constructs space-time two-dimensional steering vector, and obtain the complete matrix of space-time steering vector；
2) the radar reception data that detecting distance unit is treated according to the above-mentioned complete matrix of space-time steering vector are iterated
Self-adaptive processing, obtain high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum；
3) the space-time two-dimensional spectral power definitely clutter power level, and design medium filtering of adjacency unit is utilized
Device, to detect wind shear signal；
4) the above-mentioned signal by median filter filtering is obtained to the center wind speed of Control in Wind Shear Field using frequency centroid method
Estimate and distribution situation.
It is described that data are received according to radar in step 1), space-time two-dimensional steering vector is constructed, and obtain space-time guiding
The method of the complete matrix of vector is：First, data setting angle domain and the number of scan points in Doppler frequency domain are received according to radar
For radar receive data it is slow when two times of m- umber of pulse, then, according to angle domain and each scanning element pair in Doppler frequency domain
The angular frequency construction space-time steering vector answered, and one space-time steering vector of steering vector construction is complete corresponding to each scanning element
Standby matrix.
In step 2), the radar for treating detecting distance unit according to the above-mentioned complete matrix of space-time steering vector connects
Receive data and be iterated self-adaptive processing, obtaining the method for high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum is：First, using distance to be checked
The radar reception data of unit are initialized complete corresponding to space-time steering vector with space-time steering vector in a manner of Wave beam forming
The estimate of the power diagonal matrix of matrix, secondly, calculated by the complete matrix of space-time steering vector with power diagonal matrix
Adaptive covariance matrix, then, calculated covariance matrix reevaluate power diagonal matrix again, and enter repeatedly
Row iteration, finally, a convergent adaptive covariance matrix is repeatedly obtained by iteration.
In step 3), definitely clutter power is horizontal for the space-time two-dimensional spectral power using adjacency unit,
And median filter is designed, it is to detect the method for wind shear signal：First, each 3 neighbours before and after range cell to be detected are chosen
Near range cell is as protection location, secondly, it is neighbouring to choose front and rear each 5 in addition to protection location of range cell to be detected
Range cell tries to achieve respective power diagonal matrix as reference unit, and by iteration self-adapting process, finally, uses each ginseng
Examine the intermediate value definitely clutter power level, and being set using land clutter power level as filter threshold of the power diagonal matrix of unit
Count median filter.
It is described to cut the above-mentioned signal by median filter filtering using frequency centroid method acquisition wind in step 4)
The center wind speed estimate of variable field and the method for distribution situation are：First, obtained adaptive association is handled using iteration self-adapting
Variance matrix estimates the Doppler frequency spectrum on range cell target direction to be detected, secondly, using frequency centroid method obtain this away from
From the center wind speed estimate of Control in Wind Shear Field in unit, finally, all Doppler's passages in circular treatment whole range cell
Radar receives data, obtains the center wind speed distribution situation of Control in Wind Shear Field in region to be detected.
It is provided by the invention based on iteration self-adapting processing low level wind shear velocity estimation method without clutter reduction, and
It is to utilize iterative algorithm estimate covariance matrix, so as to reconstruct high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum, by space-time two-dimensional work(
The high-resolution estimate of rate spectrum is directly via detecting wind shear and estimate its center wind speed after median filter.Present invention side
Method can effectively estimate wind shear center wind speed under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, strong miscellaneous noise ratio, and emulation experiment demonstrates we
The validity of method, and due to without clutter reduction, compared with optimal processor, having on operand and significantly reducing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the low level wind shear velocity estimation method flow chart provided by the invention based on iteration self-adapting processing.
Fig. 2 is Air-borne Forward-looking battle array radar battle array illustraton of model.
Fig. 3 is that the radar reception data that detecting distance unit is treated in step 2) of the present invention are iterated self-adaptive processing mistake
Journey flow chart.
Fig. 4 is the minimum variance spectrogram of the land clutter of emulation gained.
The actual radar return signal spectrograms of Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is the space-time two-dimensional power spectrum chart directly drawn using the radar reception data of No. 50 range cell.
Fig. 7 is to receive the space-time obtained after data are handled to the radar of No. 50 range cell using the inventive method
Two-dimensional power spectrum figure.
Fig. 8 be the radar of No. 50 range cell is received using the inventive method obtained after data are handled it is how general
Strangle spectrogram.
Fig. 9 is the inventive method and fixed notch filter method, adaptive frequency zero setting method, broad sense CAPON methods and more
The wind estimation Comparative result of passage method.
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with instantiation to the low wind provided by the invention based on iteration self-adapting processing
Fast method of estimation is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, the low level wind shear velocity estimation method provided by the invention based on iteration self-adapting processing includes
The following steps carried out in order：
1) data are received according to radar, constructs space-time two-dimensional steering vector, and obtain the complete matrix of space-time steering vector；
Air-borne Forward-looking battle array radar battle array model is as shown in Fig. 2 set carrier aircraft speed as VR, flying height H, airborne weather radar
(hereinafter referred to as radar) antenna system is by N array elements even linear array (may also be the equivalent linear array structure for being passed through microwave by face battle array and being synthesized)
Composition, bay A spacing d=0.5 λ, wherein λ are the wavelength of radar transmitted pulse.Forward sight battle array refers to antenna array S and carrier aircraft
Speed VRThe angle in direction is 90 °.If radar pulse repetition frequency (Pulse Repetition Frequency, PRF) is fr,
Coherent processing umber of pulse is K.In figure, θ is azimuth,For the angle of pitch, ψ is space cone angle, and is met's
Relation.
For the Control in Wind Shear Field in l-th of range cell, radar can be write as N × K square to its sampled data
Battle array Sl.Wherein, matrix SlLine n, kth column element represent the individual array element of radar n-th (n=1,2 ... N), kth (k=1,2 ...
K) sampling of the individual pulse to Control in Wind Shear Field echo, scattered when sharing Q meteorology in the range cell in radar beam range of exposures
During particle, its expression is as follows：
Wherein, matrix SlLine n, kth column element represent the individual array element of radar n-th (n=1,2 ... N), kth (k=1,
2 ... K) sampling of individual pulse to Control in Wind Shear Field echo, Q represents meteorological scattering in radar beam range of exposures in the range cell
The number of particle.
In formula：
WithRepresent respectively the individual meteorological scattering particles of q (q=1,2 ..., Q) Space Angle frequency and when
Between angular frequency, θq,Azimuth and the angle of pitch of the meteorological scattering particles relative to radar are represented respectively.AqRepresent q-th of meteorology
The primary scattering amplitude of scattering particles, RqRepresent the oblique distance of q-th of scattering particles and carrier aircraft.By matrix SlExpansion turns into NK × 1
Radar echo signal s caused by dimensional vector, as Control in Wind Shear Fieldl。
In the present invention, ylRepresent that NK × 1 of l-th of range cell ties up radar and receives data, its expression formula is as follows：
yl=sl+cl+nl (3)
Wherein, slFor radar echo signal, c caused by Control in Wind Shear Field in l-th of range celllFor land clutter signal, herein
Assuming that land clutter is fuzzy without the nothing that rises and falls, nlFor additive white Gaussian noise.
By angle-Doppler's axle uniform quantization, it is assumed that angle and the quantity of Doppler scanning (grid) point are respectivelyWithThe total points then scanned areA range cell is only handled every time, then space-time steering vector can represent as follows：
WhereinRepresent Kronecker product,Representation space steering vector,
Represent time steering vector, ()TRepresent conjugate transposition.
DefinitionIt is one
NK × M complete the matrix of space-time steering vector.
2) the radar reception data that detecting distance unit is treated according to the above-mentioned complete matrix of space-time steering vector are iterated
Self-adaptive processing, obtain high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum；
The complete matrix of space-time steering vector according to obtained by step 1), the radar shown in formula (3) can be received data and write as
Following form：
yl=AXM+el (5)
Wherein XM=[x0,x1,...,xM- 1], xmExpression and frequencyCorresponding complex magnitude, elFor noise item.
For each region (Region of Interest, ROI) to be detected, the present invention only uses current distance unit
Data, scanning angle and Doppler's dimension, so as to form the spectrum of its angle-Doppler domain, such as the target and ground to be calculated
The space-time two-dimensional power spectrum of clutter and noise.
The basic thought of IAA algorithms (iteration self-adapting Processing Algorithm) is that optimization weighted least-squares as follows are asked
Topic：
Wherein Represent except mesh pointSignal point
The covariance matrix of all signal components beyond amount, can specifically be written as form：
Wherein, pm=| xm|2Represent in mesh point beComponent of signal power, R represents by discretization to assume mould
Type obtains covariance matrix, so as to there is the expression formula of IAA covariance matrixes:
RIAA=APMAH (8)
Wherein PMPower diagonal matrix is represented, its diagonal element is [p0,p1,...,pM-1], ()HRepresent conjugate transposition.
Application matrix inversion lemma, we obtain complex magnitude xmIAA estimates：
By IAA estimates xm IAAAnd then try to achieve power diagonal matrix PMEstimate：
And with reevaluate gained diagonal matrix PMNewer (8), and try to achieve new IAA covariance matrixes RIAA.By this
Iteration is repeated for process until convergence, final to obtain iteration self-adapting result, i.e. IAA covariance matrixes：
RIAA=APMAH (11)
High-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum is obtained using IAA covariance matrixes.The processing procedure of this step such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show.
3) the space-time two-dimensional spectral power definitely clutter power level, and design medium filtering of adjacency unit is utilized
Device, to detect wind shear signal；
Assuming that in fixed angle and given range cell, in the several range cells adjacent with region to be detected
Land clutter peak value is almost identical, and this allows us to determine land clutter using the space-time two-dimensional power spectrum of adjacency unit
Power level.Each 3 neighbouring range cells are chosen to be checked as protection location before and after this step chooses range cell to be detected
The front and rear each 5 neighbouring range cells in addition to protection location of range cell are surveyed as reference unit, and by above-mentioned steps 2)
In iteration self-adapting processing procedure try to achieve respective power diagonal matrix.Obtaining high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum
Afterwards, intermediate value is taken come the horizontal η of definitely clutter power using the space-time two-dimensional power spectrum of adjacency unitm(fd), and the ground is miscellaneous
Wave power is horizontal as filter threshold design median filter：
4) the above-mentioned signal by median filter filtering is obtained to the center wind speed of Control in Wind Shear Field using frequency centroid method
Estimate and distribution situation.
When carrying out wind estimation, because we there is known the sensing parameter of radar main lobe, so radar receives in formula (13)
Data ylWith frequencyTo be known, ωt(fd) it is on Doppler frequency fdFunction.By above-mentioned steps 2) final reaching of obtaining
To convergent IAA covariance matrixes RIAABring into formula (13), and travel through Doppler frequency fdIt can obtain corresponding to each how general
Strangle the signal power of frequency
Data are received by range cell to radar to handle, choose the signal power of the range cell according to this step method
Peak value corresponding to wind speed be center wind speed, by the center wind speed of each range cell can obtain Control in Wind Shear Field speed with away from
From the distribution situation of change, and then obtain the center wind speed distribution situation of Control in Wind Shear Field in region to be detected.
The effect of low level wind shear velocity estimation method provided by the invention based on iteration self-adapting processing can pass through
Following simulation result further illustrates.
Simulation parameter is set：Wind shear is distributed at 8.5~16.5km of aircraft forward.Before antenna array is array number N=8
Depending on desired homogeneous linear array, array element spacing is d=λ/2, and main lobe wave beam horizontal azimuth is 60 °, and the angle of pitch is 0 °, and beam angle is
3.5 °, radar wavelength 0.05m, pulse recurrence frequency 7000Hz, radar minimum resolution distance is 150m, Coherent processing pulse
Number K=64, miscellaneous noise ratio 40dB, signal to noise ratio 5dB；Carrier aircraft speed is 75m/s, flying height 600m, normalizes Doppler
Spectrum width σf=0.05.
The minimum variance spectrum for emulating the land clutter of gained is as shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that Air-borne Forward-looking battle array Radar Ground Clutter is most
Small variance composes oval distribution, and frequency expansion is than more serious.Actual radar return signal be wind shear signal, land clutter and
The superposition of noise, as shown in Figure 5.Because wind shear echo signal power will be much smaller than land clutter power in radar return signal,
Land clutter has largely flooded wind shear signal, causes the difficulty to Control in Wind Shear Field detection.
Fig. 6 is the space-time two-dimensional power spectrum chart directly drawn using the radar reception data of No. 50 range cell, and Fig. 7 is
The space-time two-dimensional power spectrum chart obtained after data are handled is received to the radar of No. 50 range cell using the inventive method,
It is evident that the secondary lobe and target of land clutter from figure.It is same it can be seen from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 only to use single range cell
Data cases under, directly receive the main lobe that the obtained space-time two-dimensional power spectrum of data can only see land clutter using radar, and
The space-time two-dimensional power spectrum of gained will be obvious that the secondary lobe and target of land clutter after the inventive method is handled, i.e., by this
High-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum is can obtain after inventive method processing.
Fig. 8 be the radar of No. 50 range cell is received using the inventive method obtained after data are handled it is how general
Spectrogram is strangled, it is evident that receiving the space-time two-dimensional work(of gained after data are handled to radar by the inventive method from figure
Rate spectral resolution is higher, is more easy to carry out target detection and parameter Estimation.
Fig. 9 is the inventive method and fixed notch filter method, adaptive frequency zero setting method, broad sense CAPON methods and more
The wind estimation Comparative result of passage method.
The inventive method and fixed notch filter method, adaptive frequency zero setting method, broad sense CAPON methods and multichannel side
The wind estimation Comparative result of method is as shown in Figure 9.It can be seen that in the range of 8.5~16.5km, wind speed becomes with distance in anti-" S "
Change；Under identical miscellaneous noise ratio, signal to noise ratio, the wind estimation result of the inventive method is suitable with optimal processor result performance, excellent
In conventional method.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. low level wind shear velocity estimation method based on iteration self-adapting processing, it is characterised in that：Described method bag Include the following steps carried out in order：1) data are received according to radar, constructs space-time two-dimensional steering vector, and obtain the complete matrix of space-time steering vector；2) according to the above-mentioned complete matrix of space-time steering vector treat detecting distance unit radar receive data be iterated it is adaptive It should handle, obtain high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum；3) the space-time two-dimensional spectral power definitely clutter power level, and design median filter of adjacency unit is utilized, with Detect wind shear signal；4) the above-mentioned signal by median filter filtering is obtained to the center wind estimation of Control in Wind Shear Field using frequency centroid method Value and distribution situation.
- 2. the low level wind shear velocity estimation method according to claim 1 based on iteration self-adapting processing, its feature exist In：It is described that data are received according to radar in step 1), space-time two-dimensional steering vector is constructed, and obtain space-time steering vector The method of complete matrix is：First, it is thunder to receive data setting angle domain and the number of scan points in Doppler frequency domain according to radar Up to receive data it is slow when two times of m- umber of pulse, it is then, corresponding with each scanning element in Doppler frequency domain according to angle domain Angular frequency constructs space-time steering vector, and steering vector constructs a complete square of space-time steering vector corresponding to each scanning element Battle array.
- 3. the low level wind shear velocity estimation method according to claim 1 based on iteration self-adapting processing, its feature exist In：In step 2), the radar that detecting distance unit is treated according to the above-mentioned complete matrix of space-time steering vector receives number According to self-adaptive processing is iterated, obtaining the method for high-resolution space-time two-dimensional power spectrum is：First, using range cell to be checked Radar receive data and space-time steering vector and initialized in a manner of Wave beam forming corresponding to the complete matrix of space-time steering vector Power diagonal matrix estimate, secondly, it is adaptive to calculate with power diagonal matrix by the complete matrix of space-time steering vector Covariance matrix is answered, then, calculated covariance matrix reevaluates power diagonal matrix again, and is repeated repeatedly In generation, finally, a convergent adaptive covariance matrix is repeatedly obtained by iteration.
- 4. the low level wind shear velocity estimation method according to claim 1 based on iteration self-adapting processing, its feature exist In：In step 3), definitely clutter power is horizontal for the space-time two-dimensional spectral power using adjacency unit, and designs Median filter, it is to detect the method for wind shear signal：First, choose before and after range cell to be detected each 3 it is neighbouring away from From unit as protection location, secondly, the front and rear each 5 neighbouring distance lists in addition to protection location of range cell to be detected are chosen Member is used as reference unit, and tries to achieve respective power diagonal matrix by iteration self-adapting process, finally, uses each reference unit The intermediate value of power diagonal matrix definitely clutter power is horizontal, and using land clutter power level as filter threshold design intermediate value Wave filter.
- 5. the low level wind shear velocity estimation method according to claim 1 based on iteration self-adapting processing, its feature exist In：It is described that the above-mentioned signal by median filter filtering is obtained into Control in Wind Shear Field using frequency centroid method in step 4) Center wind speed estimate and the method for distribution situation be：First, obtained adaptive covariance is handled using iteration self-adapting Doppler frequency spectrum on Matrix Estimation range cell target direction to be detected, secondly, it is single to obtain the distance using frequency centroid method The center wind speed estimate of Control in Wind Shear Field in member, finally, the radar of all Doppler's passages in circular treatment whole range cell Data are received, obtain the center wind speed distribution situation of Control in Wind Shear Field in region to be detected.
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