CN106054195B - The turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation of optimal processor during based on sky - Google Patents
The turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation of optimal processor during based on sky Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
- G01S13/953—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use mounted on aircraft
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract
It is a kind of based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation.It includes modeling the turbulent flow echo of the airborne pulse Doppler weather radar under phased array system, so as to obtain the meteorological radar echo data of field of turbulent flow；Construction is suitable for the generalized space steering vector of field of turbulent flow and Generalized Time steering vector respectively, steering vector during so as to obtain its sky；Steering vector during with reference to the sky constructed in step 2), optimal processor when construction is empty handle radar return data, and the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates is inhibited to ensure that the power of radar return as caused by turbulent flow target is constant, and estimates turbulent flow spectrum width simultaneously；The echo data of all range cells in radar operating range is handled successively, and estimation obtains the speed spectrum width estimated result of each range cell.The method of the present invention can effectively inhibit the spread spectrum interference that the non-meteorological factor generates, and accurately estimate turbulent flow spectrum width, emulation experiment demonstrates the validity of this method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Signal Processing Technology field, more particularly to it is a kind of based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow
Spectrum width method of estimation.
Technical background
Turbulent flow refers to the continuous random pulse being superimposed upon on average wind, is a kind of atmospheric perturbation frequently encountered in flight course
Phenomenon, usually by air it is quick, it is irregular flowing cause.This turbulent flow easily makes aircraft generation jolt or even enable it substantially
Standoff is spent, therefore totally unfavorable to flight safety.Airborne weather radar can be with certain in front of explorer vehicle air route
Dangerous weather region in sector including turbulent flow, wind shear, thunderstorm etc. provides the orientation that endangers weather and strong to pilot
Degree etc. information, using as early warning and avoid danger zone reference.
For airborne weather radar, turbulent flow is a kind of larger meteorological target of particle speed deviation.Velocity deviation can manage
The fluctuation range or spectrum width for speed are solved, spectrum width is bigger, and turbulence intensity is bigger.Turbulent flow detection at present, which usually utilizes, estimates echo spectrum
The wide method simultaneously with detection threshold comparison is realized, it can be seen that, spectrum width estimated result it is accurate whether can directly affect detection
The quality of energy.Therefore, the accuracy of turbulent flow spectrum width estimation is improved as far as possible to effectively detecting and early warning has the danger of turbulent flow meteorological
Region is very necessary.
In turbulent flow detection process, the movement of turbulent flow target not leads to the single factor of spread spectrum, antenna azimuth
Video stretching can also be caused with non-meteorologicals factors such as antenna beamwidths, so as to influence the accurate of true turbulent flow spectrum width estimated result
Degree.
At present, the method for being usually used in spectrum width estimation and turbulent flow detection mainly has based on the pulse of time-domain analysis to method
(Pulse-pair Processing, PPP) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (the Fast Fourier based on frequency-domain analysis
Transformation, FFT) method etc..Although these methods calculate the simple and better performances under the conditions of high s/n ratio, work as
In the presence of interference or signal-to-noise ratio it is relatively low when, spectrum width estimation performance drastically decline, and these methods are not considered by the non-meteorological factor
Caused spectrum width extension be easy to cause the crossing for true spectrum width to turbulent flow and estimates.
Compared with traditional single antenna system, the antenna array of the Pulse Doppler Weather Radar of phased array system is by multiple
Array element forms, and the phase of each array element is controllable, and beam position is flexible, and echo-signal includes the spatial sampling information of target.It is logical
The spatial domain for making full use of signal and time-domain information are crossed, spread spectrum caused during radar scanning can adaptively be pressed down
System, can be better achieved the accurate detection to target.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width
Method of estimation.
In order to achieve the above object, it is provided by the invention based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation include
The following steps carried out in order：
1) the turbulent flow echo of the airborne pulse Doppler weather radar under phased array system is modeled, so as to obtain rapids
The meteorological radar echo data in flow field；
2) the spatially and temporally distribution character based on turbulent flow target, construction is suitable for the generalized space guiding of field of turbulent flow respectively
Vector sum Generalized Time steering vector, steering vector during so as to obtain its sky；
3) using space-time adaptive handling principle, with reference to steering vector, construction are optimal when empty during the sky of construction in step 2)
Processor, processing step 1) in radar return data, the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates is inhibited to ensure simultaneously by turbulent flow target
Caused by radar return power it is constant, and estimate turbulent flow spectrum width；
4) step 2) is repeated to step 3), is handled the echo data of all range cells in radar operating range successively, is estimated
Meter obtains the speed spectrum width estimated result of each range cell.
In step 3), described utilizes space-time adaptive handling principle, is sweared with reference to being oriented to during the sky of construction in step 2)
Amount, optimal processor when construction is empty, processing step 1) in radar return data, inhibit the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates simultaneously
Ensure that the power of radar return as caused by turbulent flow target is constant, and the method for estimating turbulent flow spectrum width is：Analysis causes turbulent flow
The factor of spectrum width extension and its influence to true turbulent flow spectrum width estimated result, construction are suitable for optimal place during the sky of turbulent flow target
Device is managed, radar return is filtered, finally the extension of turbulent flow spectrum width inhibits caused by the non-meteorological factor, protects simultaneously
It is constant to demonstrate,prove the power of radar return as caused by turbulent flow target, and is estimated using the non-coupled characteristic of Doppler frequency and turbulent flow spectrum width
Count out turbulent flow spectrum width.
It is provided by the invention based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation be machine for phased array system
Airborne weather radar, the meteorological target property of distribution based on turbulent flow, optimal processor is constructed using space-time adaptive handling principle,
Estimate turbulent flow spectrum width.The method of the present invention can inhibit the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates, and relatively accurately estimate turbulent flow spectrum width, emulation
The experimental verification validity of this method.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the geometry observation chart of turbulent flow.
Fig. 2 (a), (b) are respectively the space-time two-dimensional spectrogram of radar turbulence signal, and wherein Fig. 2 (a) is vertical view, Fig. 2 (b)
For 3-D view.
The Space-time domain response diagram of steering vector when Fig. 3 is the sky of point target.
The Space-time domain response diagram of steering vector when Fig. 4 is the sky of distributed meteorological target.
Fig. 5 is the space-time two-dimensional spectrogram of No. 75 range cell turbulent flow wind field echo.
Fig. 6 is spectrum width estimated result comparison diagram of the method for the present invention with traditional pulse to method.
Specific implementation method
Below by specific example to it is provided by the invention based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation into
Row is described in detail.
It is provided by the invention based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation include carry out in order it is following
Step：
1) the turbulent flow echo of the airborne pulse Doppler weather radar under phased array system is modeled, so as to obtain rapids
The meteorological radar echo data in flow field；
Assuming that the flying speed of airborne pulse Doppler weather radar (hereinafter referred to as radar) is Va, along course vertical direction
Place N member even linear arrays, pulse recurrence frequency fr, Coherent processing umber of pulse is K, a length of λ of transmitting impulse wave.
In the present invention, xlRepresent snapshot data when NK × 1 dimension of l (l=1,2 ..., L) a range cell is empty, table
It is as follows up to formula：
xl=sl+nl (1)
Wherein, sl、nlSnap and noise during the turbulent flow sky of l-th range cell are represented respectively, it is assumed that noise is additive Gaussian
White noise.
For the field of turbulent flow in l-th of range cell, radar can write its sampled data as in the matrix of one N × K
Sl.Wherein, matrix SlLine n, kth column element sl(n, k) represent a array element of radar n-th (n=1,2 ... N), kth (k=1,
2 ... K) a pulse is to the sampled data of l-th of range cell, when Q is shared in the range cell in the range of the beam of radar
During a meteorology scattering particles, expression is as follows：
WhereinWithRepresent that q (q=1,2 ..., Q) is a respectively
The Space Angle frequency of meteorological scattering particles and time angular frequency, θq、Represent the meteorology scattering particles relative to radar respectively
Azimuth and pitch angle, RqFor the oblique distance of q-th of meteorological scattering particles and the aircraft of setting radar,For radar antenna
Receiving pattern, vqRepresent radial velocity of q-th of meteorological scattering particles relative to radar.
By matrix S abovelSnap s when expansion becomes the dimensional vector of NK × 1, as field of turbulent flow skyl.Then radar full distance
Echo-signal in unit can be expressed as：
X=[x1 x2…xL]T (3)
Doppler velocity spectrum width is that deviate it average for different size of doppler velocity in characterization radar beam range of exposures
The degree of value, actually it is the radial velocity v as caused by scattering particles has different radial velocitiesqDisperse is in a certain
It is the principal element for influencing speed spectrum width near heart speed.However, during radar scanning, when scanning angle exists centainly
During broadening, spread spectrum is will also result in, discounting for the video stretching thereby resulted in, the mistake of the true spectrum width to turbulent flow can be caused
Estimation.
As shown in Figure 1, radar is with constant flying speed VaAlong X-axis with rectilinear flight, radar antenna azimuth is αa, that
For some static scattering particles J in the range of beam, the radial velocity relative to radar is vq=Va, it is how general
Strangling frequency displacement is：
Wherein, α is the azimuth of scattering particles J, and λ is transmitting pulse wavelength.By radar antenna beam angle Δ α, radar
Antenna azimuth αaCaused spread spectrum can be expressed as：
Use σaIt represents corresponding speed spectrum width, then has：
If by radar antenna beam angle Δ α, radar antenna azimuth angle alphaaWait the non-meteorologicals factor with turbulent flow to echo wave speed
The contribution approximation of spectrum width is regarded as independently of each other, then the speed spectrum width σ of field of turbulent flow radar returnvIt is represented by：
Wherein, σT 2Represent the normal-moveout spectrum variance of turbulent flow.When handling echo-signal, discounting for radar scanning
By radar antenna beam angle Δ α, radar antenna azimuth angle alpha in journeyaVideo stretching caused by waiting the non-meteorologicals factor returns radar
The speed spectrum width σ of wavevEstimated value regard turbulent flow spectrum width as, then work as σv＞ σTWhen, the mistake of the true spectrum width to turbulent flow can be caused to estimate
Meter.When carrying out turbulent flow detection, it is easy to cause the generation of false-alarm.Therefore, it is necessary to consider above-mentioned disturbing factor to estimated result
It influences.
2) the spatially and temporally distribution character based on turbulent flow target, construction is suitable for the generalized space guiding of field of turbulent flow respectively
Vector sum Generalized Time steering vector, steering vector during so as to obtain its sky；
A) it using the width of radar main lobe as the prior information of field of turbulent flow in the range of radar illumination, establishes and is suitable for turbulent flow etc.
The generalized space steering vector of distributed object.
When radar main lobe direction center hold angle is θi, center pitch angle isWhen, if field of turbulent flow is wide in its range of exposures
Adopted steric direction vector isIts expression formula is as follows
Wherein,Steric direction vector for point target；For certainty angle signal density function,
By turbulent flow target in center hold angle θ in the present inventioniWith center pitch angleOn extension be expressed as：
Wherein,σθ、Center hold angle θ is represented respectivelyi, center
Pitch angleAngle spread on direction.
B) Gaussian distribution feature based on weather echo, construction are oriented to suitable for the Generalized Time of turbulent flow distributed target
Vector.
The radar return of turbulent flow is formed by stacking by a large amount of scattering particles echo, and each scattering particles has random phase
Position, and there are relative motion between scattering particles, therefore there are spread spectrums for radar return.It is by central-limit theorem it is found that big
The superposition of amount scattering particles scattering electric field can obtain a Gaussian statistics signal.Therefore, generally by the work(of the weather echos such as turbulent flow
Rate spectrum is modeled as Gaussian spectrum, and power spectrum can be declined in the signal of Gaussian Profile by introducing Gauss into time domain Doppler signal
Subtract to obtain.It can thus be concluded that the Generalized Time steering vector of field of turbulent flow distributed meteorology target can be described：
st(fd,σf)K×1=vt(fd)⊙gt(σf) (10)
Wherein, fd=2v/ λ represent Doppler frequency, vt(fd) represent that the time for the point target that radial velocity is v is oriented to arrow
Amount；σfRepresent the Doppler width of signal, gt(σf) represent frequency spreading function, it can represent as follows respectively：
The generalized space steering vector of the field of turbulent flow of gained and Generalized Time steering vector are further done into Kronecker
Product, steering vector when can obtain its sky：
3) using space-time adaptive handling principle, with reference to steering vector, construction are optimal when empty during the sky of construction in step 2)
Processor, processing step 1) in radar return data, the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates is inhibited to ensure simultaneously by turbulent flow target
Caused by radar return power it is constant, and estimate turbulent flow spectrum width；
Definition power factor is Z, and expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, w represents the weight vector of optimal processor；wHR(fd,0)w、wHR(fd,σf) w represents the Doppler of signal respectively
Spectrum width σfThe output power of optimal processor during different values, R (fd,σf) represent radar return theoretical covariance matrix.Signal
Doppler width σfWhen=0, R (fd, 0) only with Doppler frequency fdCorrelation, spread spectrum at this time is due to radar scanning
In journey caused by the collective effect of the non-meteorological factor, by the output power w for minimizing this partial echoHR(fd, 0) and w, it can be with
Inhibit by radar antenna beam angle Δ α and radar antenna azimuth angle alphaaCollective effect turbulent flow spectrum width estimated result generated
Interference.R(fd,σf) can be obtained by following formula：
R(fd,σf)=S (fd,σf)SH(fd,σf) (14)
The weight vector w of optimal processor is found, it is minimum in the case where the output power for ensureing turbulent flow target echo is constant
Change the spectrum width as caused by the non-meteorological factor to extend, be equivalent to so that power factor Z is maximized, the optimal processor can be used such as at this time
Lower mathematical optimization problem description：
According to broad sense CAPON criterion, solution obtains the weight vector of optimal processor：
W=p { R-1(fd,0)R(fd,σf)} (16)
Wherein, p { } represents the corresponding feature vector of solution matrix maximum eigenvalue.Use xiRepresent range cell to be detected
Field of turbulent flow receive data, then the output signal of optimal processor be：
Y=wHxi (17)
By the Doppler width σ of signalfBe converted to speed spectrum width σv=σfThen there are w=p { R- in λ/21(fd,0)R(fd,
σf)}.Since Doppler's average frequency is not coupled with Doppler width, the estimation of average frequency can independently of spectrum width into
Row, and the valuation that spectrum width estimation must combine average frequency carries out.According to this thought, in the weight vector for solving optimal processor
During w, arbitrary spectrum width can be first fixed(C is constant more than zero, unit：M/s), then estimating Doppler frequency is estimated
Doppler width, to reduce computational complexity.
Obtain the average Doppler frequency estimation of range cell to be detectedLater, you can estimating Doppler spectrum width.Work as work(
When rate factor Z maximizes, represent that optimal processor is best to the inhibition of interference factor and the matching effect of turbulence signal, acquire
The weight vector w of optimal processor, output signal wHxiThe corresponding spectrum width of power maximum point be turbulent flow in range cell to be detected
The Doppler width estimated value of signal, estimated result are：
4) step 2) is repeated to step 3), is handled the echo data of all range cells in radar operating range successively, is estimated
Meter obtains the speed spectrum width estimated result of each range cell.
It is provided by the invention based on sky when optimal processor the effect of turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation can be by following imitative
True result further illustrates.
Simulation parameter is set：The aircraft flight speed V of radar is seta=200m/s, flying height H=8000m, field of turbulent flow
It is distributed in front of radar at 9-21km, radar antenna is array number N=8, the desired homogeneous linear array of array element spacing d=λ/2, radar
Operation wavelength λ=0.032m, Coherent processing umber of pulse K=16, pulse recurrence frequency fr=1500Hz, azimuth are 60 °, are bowed
The elevation angle is 0 °, and beam angle is 3 °, minimum distinguishable distance 150m, signal-to-noise ratio 20dB.
Fig. 2 (a), (b) are respectively the space-time two-dimensional spectrogram (vertical view and 3-D view) of radar turbulent flow echo.Turbulent flow is distribution
Formula target, the scattering particles disperse in field of turbulent flow is in larger spatial dimension, figure it is seen that its echo-signal is in sky
Between distribution on there are certain extensions；Simultaneously as scattering particles quantity is more in field of turbulent flow, and scattering particles does irregular fortune
Dynamic, directional velocity changes drastically, and the fluctuation range of velocity magnitude is larger, and there are larger expansions in frequency distribution for echo-signal
Exhibition is widened so as to cause Doppler frequency spectrum.
The Space-time domain response diagram of steering vector when Fig. 3 is the sky of point target；Fig. 4 is the sky of turbulent flow distributed meteorology target
When steering vector Space-time domain response diagram；Fig. 5 is the space-time two-dimensional spectrogram of No. 75 range cell turbulent flow echo.As can be seen that
Steering vector can preferably be fitted practical turbulence signal when what the present invention was carried is directed to the sky of the distributed meteorological target of turbulent flow, make
Into steering vector mismatch error it is smaller.
Fig. 6 is spectrum width estimated result comparison diagram of the method for the present invention with traditional pulse to method.Under equal conditions, traditional arteries and veins
Punching does not consider method the spectrum width caused by radar antenna beam angle, radar antenna azimuth etc. in radar antenna scanning process
Extension, estimated result have relatively large deviation with spectrum width true value (average deviation is about 0.55m/s).And the method for the present invention is then being composed
Spectrum width caused by inhibiting the non-meteorological factor before width estimation extends, to the doppler velocity spectrum width estimated result of each range gate compared with
Accurately, and true value deviation is smaller (average deviation is about 0.05m/s), so better than conventional method.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation, which is characterized in that the spectrum width method of estimation
Including the following steps carried out in order：
1) the turbulent flow echo of the airborne pulse Doppler weather radar under phased array system is modeled, so as to obtain field of turbulent flow
Meteorological radar echo data；
2) the spatially and temporally distribution character based on turbulent flow target, construction is suitable for the generalized space steering vector of field of turbulent flow respectively
With Generalized Time steering vector, steering vector during so as to obtain its sky；
3) using space-time adaptive handling principle, steering vector during with reference to the sky constructed in step 2), optimal processing when construction is empty
Device, processing step 1) in radar return data, the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates is inhibited to ensure to be caused by turbulent flow target simultaneously
Radar return power it is constant, and estimate turbulent flow spectrum width；
4) step 2) is repeated to step 3), is handled the echo data of all range cells in radar operating range successively, is estimated
To the speed spectrum width estimated result of each range cell.
2. it is according to claim 1 based on sky when optimal processor turbulent flow spectrum width method of estimation, it is characterised in that：In step
It is rapid 3) in, described to utilize space-time adaptive handling principle, steering vector during with reference to the sky constructed in step 2), during construction sky most
Excellent processor, processing step 1) in radar return data, the interference that the non-meteorological factor generates is inhibited to ensure simultaneously by turbulent flow mesh
The power of radar return caused by mark is constant, and the method for estimating turbulent flow spectrum width is：Analysis cause turbulent flow spectrum width extend because
Element and its influence to true turbulent flow spectrum width estimated result, construction is suitable for optimal processor during the sky of turbulent flow target, to radar
Echo is filtered, and finally the extension of turbulent flow spectrum width inhibits caused by the non-meteorological factor, while ensures by turbulent flow mesh
The power of radar return caused by mark is constant, and goes out the spectrum of turbulence using the non-coupled characteristic estimating of Doppler frequency and turbulent flow spectrum width
It is wide.
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| CN107643515A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-30 | 中国民航大学 | Turbulent flow target velocity spectrum width method of estimation based on space-time covariance fitting |
| EP3936892A1 (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2022-01-12 | HENSOLDT Sensors GmbH | Method and device for compensating for doppler expansions |
| CN114779193B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-11-01 | 成都信息工程大学 | Phased array weather radar echo signal simulation method and device |
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