CN106855618A - Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell - Google Patents
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention provides the interference sample elimination method under a kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense, the technical problem that cannot be selected the echo samples of General Cell configuration antenna at present is solved.Implementation step is：Using radar emission signal, correspondence echo data is chosen as training sample；The low-rank of offline composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur；The inverse matrix of off-line calculation clutter covariance matrix；Calculate the broad sense inner product value of each training sample；Setting detection threshold η；Interference sample is rejected, training sample is screened, the sample to be tested after eliminating interference sample is finally given, to carry out next step space-time adaptive processing.The inverse matrix of offline construction clutter covariance of the invention, wherein the position comprising single array element and beam position information, therefore the interference sample under General Cell configuration antenna can be rejected, result is not influenceed by training sample, and operand is small.For airborne and Space-Based Radar smart antennas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to space-time adaptive processing technical field, the more particularly to interference under General Cell configuration environment
Pollution sample selection, the interference sample elimination method under specifically a kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense.For airborne radar
And related to space-time two-dimension Adaptive Signal Processing technology.
Background technology
The characteristic of the space-time two-dimensional coupling that the ground clutter of airborne radar shows using space-time two-dimensional self adaptation, it is necessary to be believed
Number treatment (Space-Time Adaptive Processing, STAP) technology simultaneously spatially and temporally it is interior to signal at
Reason.Clutter recognition and moving object detection are carried out using STAP technologies, it is necessary to accurately estimate the clutter back of the body in order to effective
The covariance matrix of scape.The accuracy of the covariance matrix of clutter background will have a huge impact to the performance of STAP.
Covariance matrix in traditional STAP methods is obtained based on maximal possibility estimation, estimates that training sample used then comes from
The range cell of to-be-measured cell both sides.But in order to obtain good performance, it is necessary to choose substantial amounts of Uniform Sample, i.e., each away from
Sample from unit obeys independent same distribution, and this requirement can not effectively be met in actual environment.
The sample chosen is called training sample, in the actual environment, except static ground clutter in training sample
Outside, the interference that the target for containing motion toward contact is produced.The jamming target formed by the moving-target in training sample can cause
Offseting for echo signal, makes STAP decline the detectability of target.The training sample that causes for jamming target is non-homogeneous to ask
Topic, American scientist William L.Melvin et al. propose nonhomogeneity detector (Non-Homogeneity Detector,
NHD thought), i.e., before the spatio-temporal correlation matrices in region to be detected are estimated by training sample, first detect to training sample
To reject the sample of disturbed pollution, such that it is able to more effectively estimate spatio-temporal correlation matrices so that the space-time two of next step
Dimension self-adaptive processing is more accurate.
Regarding to the issue above, mainly use at present based on broad sense inner product (Generalized Inner Products,
GIP nonhomogeneity detector), i.e., traditional broad sense inner product approach, and KASSM methods (KA Sample Selecting
Method).The general principle of broad sense inner product approach is by the use of broad sense inner product value as statistic is differentiated, first in sample to be tested
Multiple training samples are chosen at two ends, and go to estimate clutter covariance matrix using these samples, and each training sample is then calculated again
This broad sense inner product value, finally sets a detection threshold for broad sense inner product value, rejects the training sample more than detection threshold, then
Covariance matrix is carried out using remaining training sample.But, the method is vulnerable to the influence of training sample, amount of calculation
Greatly, to the detection of jamming target and insensitive when jamming target quantity is more, while ensureing to detect all interference, detection
Thresholding sets too low, easily rejects substantial amounts of Uniform Sample so that the target detection performance of STAP declines.
KASSM methods, assume that collapse factors for integer, based on the uniform uniform line-array of positive side-looking (Uniform Linear
Array, ULA) clutter be linearly distributed this characteristic and propose, therefore be not particularly suited for General Cell configuration, therefore interference
Pollution sample is selected performance and can be declined.
In existing two methods, traditional broad sense inner product approach is larger using limitation, is not particularly suited for General Cell
Configuration, rejects the ability of interference sample, while needing matrix inversion, amount of calculation is larger.Although KASSM methods reject interference sample
This ability increases, but is not suitable for General Cell configuration equally.
Through retrieving within the specific limits, existing interference Sample Method of rejecting all is not suitable for non-homogeneous configuration.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose that one kind can be applied under any array configuration,
And amount of calculation it is small based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell.
The present invention is the interference sample elimination method under a kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
Step 1, obtains training sample：Using transmission signal, and receive corresponding echo data；In the echo data for receiving
In, multiple range cells are chosen respectively at the left and right two ends of range cell to be detected, the number of echoes of the L range cell that will be chosen
According to as corresponding L training sample, i-th training sample is expressed as Xi, i takes 1 to L；
Step 2, the low-rank of offline composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur, each training sample is uniform according to orientation
It is divided into NcIndividual sample block, offline construction clutter scatterer steering vector matrix Vc, in clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIn
The corresponding characteristic vector of all of nonzero eigenvalue is calculated, the low-rank of composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur；
Step 3, approaches approximate matrix expression true clutter subspace characteristic, according to the low-rank of clutter subspace using low-rank
Approach matrix Ur, the inverse matrix of off-line calculation clutter noise covariance matrix
Step 4, the inverse matrix of data and clutter noise covariance matrix according to each training sample for collecting
Calculate the broad sense inner product value (GIP) of each training sample；
Step 5, according to noise power, setting detection threshold η；
Step 6, the detection threshold η of GIP and setting according to each training sample judges whether i-th training sample be full
The kick-out condition of foot setting, if it is satisfied, being rejected；If be unsatisfactory for, retained；Same method traversal detection is all
Training sample, finally retain it is all through screen samples, obtain reject interference sample after sample, by all by after screening
The sample of reservation constitutes sample to be tested, completes the rejecting based on the interference sample under broad sense inner product General Cell.
Compared with prior art, technical advantage of the invention：
1st, the present invention constructs clutter scatterer offline using systematic parameters such as known beam angle, bay positions
Space-time is oriented to matrix, it is not necessary to which the information of training sample, the accuracy of the sample to be tested for finally giving is influenceed by training sample
Very little；
2nd, the present invention is when the space-time of offline construction clutter scatterer is oriented to matrix, be introduced directly into bay sensing and
Positional information, so the interference sample that the present invention can be used for General Cell configuration is rejected；
3rd, the present invention approaches matrix to calculate broad sense inner product value using the low-rank that clutter scatterer space-time is oriented to matrix, without
Need to be oriented to matrix inversion to clutter scatterer space-time, so the present invention is compared with the conventional method, amount of calculation is small.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the interference sample elimination method under a kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense of the invention；
Fig. 2 is uniform in positive side-looking using sample elimination method of the invention, traditional broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods
The simulation result figure obtained under the conditions of linear array；
Fig. 3 is equal in non-working side using sample elimination method of the invention, traditional broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods
The simulation result figure obtained under the conditions of even linear array；
Fig. 4 is in conformal round platform battle array using sample elimination method of the invention, traditional broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods
The simulation result figure obtained under the conditions of row.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
With the development of science and technology, in space-time adaptive processing field, it is necessary to receive signal data process,
Original sample is screened.Requirement more and more higher to radar system aerial array in actual applications, uniform array because
It is taken up too much space, and embodies increasing limitation.Airborne radar is for example directed to, in order to aircraft is keeping flexibly work
Radar detection ability is improved while pattern it is necessary to increase effective antenna aperature in limited head space, thus it is many winged
Machine merges aerial array with fuselage, such as conventional Conformal Phased Array, in this case, in order to make full use of head space,
The arrangement of radar antenna must be heterogeneous, and the design that aerial array is merged with fuselage is also more conformed into air force in addition
Learn, and existing two kinds are rejected interference Sample Method and are not all suitable for non-homogeneous configuration antenna, while existing sample selection side
The amount of calculation that method needs in processes is very big.These problems, similarly exist in Space-Based Radar field.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of interference pollution sample selection method under General Cell configuration.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is the interference sample elimination method under a kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense, it may also be said to be that one kind changes
The space-time adaptive processing method based on broad sense inner product entered, referring to Fig. 1, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, obtains training sample：Using radar emission signal, and receive corresponding radar return data；What is received
In radar return data, multiple range cells are chosen at the left and right two ends of range cell where target to be detected respectively, that is, treating
The common L of range cell that the left and right two ends of range cell where detection target are chosen is individual；The number of echoes of the L range cell that will be chosen
According to as corresponding L training sample, i-th training sample is expressed as Xi, i takes 1 to L.
Step 2, the low-rank of offline composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur, each training sample is uniform according to orientation
It is divided into NcIndividual sample block, the space-time steering vector matrix V of offline construction clutter scattererc, wherein NcIt is the natural number more than 1,
Led according to the space-time that the corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of single scattering object and time domain steering vector construct clutter scatterer offline
To vector matrix Vc, it is calculated clutter scatterer space-time steering vector matrix VcIn the corresponding feature of all nonzero eigenvalues
Vector, matrix U is approached by the low-rank of the corresponding characteristic vector composition clutter subspace of all of nonzero eigenvaluer.Construct
Clutter scatterer space-time steering vector matrix VcUnrelated with the sample data for collecting, only the space-time two-dimensional with antenna beam is oriented to
The spacing of angle and array antenna array element is relevant.Therefore, the present invention can be directed to General Cell configuration.
Step 3, approaches the characteristic that approximate matrix expresses true clutter subspace, according to the low of clutter subspace using low-rank
Order approaches matrix Ur, the inverse matrix of off-line calculation clutter noise covariance matrix
Step 4, the inverse matrix of data and clutter noise covariance matrix according to each training sample for collecting
Calculate the broad sense inner product value (GIP) of each training sample.Broad sense inner product value (GIP) is to discriminate between effective sample to be tested with interference sample
This important parameter.
Step 5, according to noise power, setting detection threshold η.The broad sense inner product value (GIP) of effective sample to be tested must be high
In detection threshold η, all broad sense inner product (GIP) values all contain outlier in the training sample less than detection threshold η, by outlier
The sample of pollution is exactly the interference sample for needing to be removed.
Step 6, the detection threshold η of broad sense inner product value (GIP) and setting according to each training sample, judges i-th instruction
Practice whether sample meets the kick-out condition of setting, if it is satisfied, illustrating that the training sample is contained within outlier, referred to as disturb sample
This, is rejected；If be unsatisfactory for, illustrate that the training sample, for effective sample to be tested, is retained；Same method traversal inspection
All of training sample is surveyed, finally retains all samples through screening, be eliminated all interference samples for meeting kick-out condition
Sample afterwards, sample to be tested is constituted by all by the sample retained after screening, is completed based under broad sense inner product General Cell
Disturb the rejecting of sample.
The present invention is introduced directly into the wave beam of bay in the space-time steering vector matrix of offline construction clutter scatterer
Point to and positional information, that is to say, that the clutter scatterer space-time steering vector matrix that construction is obtained can be all comprising antenna
The position of array element and directional information, no matter how the shape of aerial array changes, all without influence result of the invention, institute
Rejected with the interference sample that the present invention can be used for General Cell configuration.
Embodiment 2
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1, wherein constituted offline in step 2
The low-rank of clutter subspace approaches matrix UrSpecific steps include：
(2.1) it is N each training sample to be evenly dividing according to orientationcIndividual sample block, NcIt is the natural number more than 1, root
Clutter scatterer is constructed offline according to the corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of single clutter scatterer and clutter time domain steering vector to lead
To vector matrix Vc；The two vectors be clutter spatial domain steering vector and clutter time domain steering vector only and bay position,
The systematic parameters such as beam position angle, flying speed are relevant, unrelated with the training sample data for receiving.Single scattering object correspondence two
Individual steering vector.
The corresponding time domain steering vector V of offline i-th clutter scatterer of constructiontAnd original spatial domain steering vector Ss, respectively
For：
Wherein, j is imaginary unit,λ is the wavelength of transmission signal, di=[xi yi zi]TIt is the i-th of antenna
Position coordinates where individual array element, V=[- | v | cos θc cosθp |v|sinθc cosθp -|v|sinθp]TRepresent the speed of platform
Degree vector,Represent the corresponding beam position list of i-th scattering object
Bit vector, frIt is the pulse recurrence frequency of transmission signal；θc(yaw angle) is carrier aircraft course and antenna array axial direction angle, θiFor
I-th clutter scatterer relative to carrier aircraft azimuth, θpIt is the inclination angle of carrier aircraft flight,It is clutter scatterer relative to load
The angle of pitch in machine course, []TThe transposition of representing matrix or vector；
The installation of the i-th gain coefficient array element of array element is pointed to and the included angle cosine between antenna beam sensing is represented,
The gain coefficient of array element is expressed as：
Wherein, g0It is array element peak gain coefficient, gbFor after array element to attenuation coefficient, θnullFor the zero point of transmitted waveform two it
Between main lobe width,For between i-th the installation sensing and antenna beam sensing of bay
Angle, ni=[Fx(xi yi zi) Fy(xi yi zi) Fz(xi yi zi)]TInstalled for array element and pointed to, F (xi yi zi) represent
Aerial array curve is (x in coordinatei yi zi) array element at normal equation；
Now the true spatial domain steering vector of array element level is：
Vs=gn*Ss
Wherein, * is Hadamard products, gnBe each array element gain vector, rearranged by the gain coefficient of each array element
Vector；
The now corresponding NK × 1 dimension space-time steering vector V of i-th clutter scattereriFor：
It is Kroneker products, then the clutter scatterer steering vector matrix V of all targetscIt is configured to：
Vc=[V1 … VNC]T
(2.2) it is calculated clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcAll characteristic values, and arrange λ from big to small1、
λ2……λNC, preceding r characteristic value is taken, wherein r is determined by following formula
In formula, r is the number of characteristic value, λiIt is clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIth feature value, i takes 1 ...
NC, K be one closely 1 number, take K=0.999；1, Er Qieju are less than or equal to because the ratio term in formula is greater than 0
Battle array VcAll characteristic values be nonnegative number, the r values when above formula ratio is close to 1 are exactly the number of nonzero eigenvalue.
(2.3) clutter scatterer steering vector matrix V is calculated respectivelycThe corresponding characteristic vector of preceding r characteristic value
Composition Ur。
The present invention constructs clutter scatterer offline using radar system parameters such as known beam angle, bay positions
Space-time steering vector matrix, these parameters only it is relevant in itself with radar system, it is not necessary to the information of training sample, finally give
The performance of sample to be tested influenceed very little by training sample.
Embodiment 3
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-2, in step 3, offline meter
Calculate the inverse matrix of target scattering body clutter noise covariance matrixAccording to following formula：
In formula, []HThe conjugate transposition of representing matrix, I is r rank unit matrixs.
UrIt is by scattering object clutter steering vector matrix VcAll nonzero eigenvalues corresponding characteristic vector composition, it is big absolutely
In most noise signal energy have been constrained on, so the low-rank of clutter scatterer space-time steering vector matrix approaches matrix Ur
Can be with the characteristic of the true clutter subspace of approximate expression, it is not necessary to which space-time clutter steering vector matrix is directly inverted just can be near
Seemingly obtain the inverse matrix of covariance matrixSo that amount of calculation of the present invention in treatment is substantially reduced.
Embodiment 4
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-3, in step 4, calculate
The broad sense inner product value (GIP) of each training sample, that is, calculate i-th broad sense inner product value GIP statistics η of training samplei, specifically
For：
Wherein, i takes 1 to L, xiIt is i-th training sample.
Because the broad sense inner product value for disturbing sample has significant difference with the broad sense inner product value of effective sample to be tested, at this
The individualized training sample broad sense inner product value η obtained in stepi, carry out contrast screening with the detection threshold for setting, you can reject training
Interference sample in sample.
Embodiment 5
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-4, in steps of 5, door is detected
The value for limiting η is obtained with following formula：
η=σ2NK
σ in formula2It is the noise power of radar, noise power is estimated to obtain using the noise electricity frequency of radar receiver, and N is machine
The array number of radar antenna is carried, K is the umber of pulse that airborne radar is received in a coherent processing inteval, as obtains a sample
Umber of pulse needed for this.Detection threshold η is determined by the parameter of radar system, and the radar system of a determination is that can determine that one
The detection threshold value of individual fixation, screens, you can obtain effective sample to be tested with this detection threshold η to training sample.
Embodiment 6
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-5, in step 6, each is judged
Whether training sample meets setting kick-out condition, the kick-out condition for setting as：
ηi≤η
Wherein, η is the detection threshold of setting, ηiIt is i-th broad sense inner product value of training sample.Using this kick-out condition
Training sample is screened, the i.e. required sample to be tested of the sample for finally giving.
A terse example is given below, the present invention is elaborated again.
Embodiment 7
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-6, with the development of science and technology,
Even array antenna has increasing limitation, in airborne radar field, it is desirable to which aircraft is keeping the same of flexible mode of operation
Shi Tigao radar detections ability in limited head space it is necessary to increase effective antenna aperature, therefore many aircrafts are by antenna
Array is merged with fuselage, in this case, the arrangement of radar antenna must be it is heterogeneous, equally, Space-Based Radar system
Face identical problem.
In order to solve the problems, such as the sample selection under uneven arrangement antenna, the present invention is using under a kind of General Cell configuration
Interference pollution sample selection method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, using airborne radar nonuniform array array antenna transmission signal, and receives number of echoes corresponding with transmission signal
According to.In the echo data received from airborne radar, L training sample is chosen.This L training sample correspond to respectively it is to be detected away from
The echo data of the L range cell near unit, X is expressed as by i-th training samplei, i takes 1 to L.
Step 2, it is N to be evenly dividing each training sample according to orientationcIndividual sample block, NcIt is the natural number more than 1,
Clutter scatterer steering vector is constructed according to the corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of single scattering object and time domain steering vector offline
Matrix Vc, in clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIt is middle to choose the corresponding characteristic vector of all of r nonzero eigenvalue, so that
The low-rank of offline composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur。
Step 3, the low-rank according to clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur, calculate the inverse matrix of clutter covariance matrix
Step 4, according to each training sample and the inverse matrix of clutter noise covariance matrixCalculated according to following formula
The broad sense inner product value (GIP) of each training sample
Wherein, i takes 1 to L, []HThe conjugate transposition of representing matrix, xiIt is i-th training sample.
Step 5, according to noise power, setting detection threshold η.
Step 6, the detection threshold η of broad sense inner product value (GIP) and setting according to each training sample, judges i-th instruction
Practice whether sample meets setting kick-out condition：
ηi≤η
If meeting the condition, rejected；If be unsatisfactory for, retained, after finally giving elimination interference sample
Sample to be tested.
The low-rank that the present invention is oriented to matrix by constructing clutter approaches matrix to be calculated the reference of broad sense inner product value GIP
Matrix, can improve the detection performance to jamming target under the conditions of any array configuration, while reducing computational complexity.
Below based on onboard radar system, a more detailed and complete example is provided, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 8
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-7, reference picture 1 is the present invention
A kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense under interference sample elimination method flow chart.This is improved based on broad sense inner product
Space-time adaptive processing method is comprised the following steps：
Step 1, in modern radar application field, it is often necessary to detected on a surface target using aircraft airborne radar,
In flight course, using airborne radar transmission signal, and correspondence echo data is received；The antenna of airborne radar is nonuniform noise
Antenna.In the echo data that airborne radar is received, the left and right of range cell where range cell to be detected, that is, target
Multiple range cells are chosen at two ends respectively, and the number of the range cell of the left and right two ends selection of range cell to be detected is L, and L is
Natural number more than 1.The echo data of the L range cell that will be chosen trains i-th as corresponding L training sample
Sample is expressed as Xi, i takes 1 to L.
The selection of unit of adjusting the distance below elaborates：Range cell to be detected is n-th range cell, when what is chosen
When training sample number L is even number, L/2 range cell, i.e. the n-th-L/2 distance is chosen in n-th left side of range cell
Unit chooses the distance list of L/2 range cell, i.e., (n+1)th to (n-1)th range cell on n-th right side of range cell
First to the n-th+L/2 range cell.When the training sample L for choosing is odd number, chosen in n-th left side of range cell
(L-1)/2 a range cell, i.e., n-th-(L-1)/2 range cell is to (n-1)th range cell, in the γ range cell
Choose (L+1)/2 range cell, i.e., (n+1)th range cell to n-th+(L+1)/2 range cell in right side.
Step 2, it is N that each training sample is evenly dividing according to orientationcIndividual sample block, NcIt is the natural number more than 1,
Clutter scatterer is constructed offline according to the corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of the single scattering object of target and time domain steering vector to be oriented to
Vector matrix Vc, in clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIt is middle to choose the corresponding characteristic vector of all of r nonzero eigenvalue,
The offline low-rank for constituting clutter subspace of the invention approaches matrix Ur。
Specifically sub-step is：
(2.1) it is N each training sample to be evenly dividing according to orientationcIndividual sample block, NcIt is the natural number more than 1, root
Clutter scatterer is constructed offline according to the corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of single clutter scatterer and clutter time domain steering vector to lead
To vector matrix Vc, the two vectors be clutter spatial domain steering vector and clutter time domain steering vector only and bay position,
The relating to parameters such as beam angle, flying speed, it is unrelated with the training sample data for receiving.Single scattering object correspondence two is oriented to arrow
Amount.
The corresponding time domain steering vector V of offline i-th clutter scatterer of constructiontAnd original spatial domain steering vector Ss, respectively
For：
Wherein, j is imaginary unit,λ is the wavelength of airborne radar transmission signal, di=[xi yi zi]TIt is day
Position coordinates where i-th array element of line, V=[- | v | cos θc cosθp |v|sinθc cosθp -|v|sinθp]TRepresent
The velocity of radar platform,Represent i-th scattering object correspondence
Beam position unit vector, frIt is the pulse recurrence frequency of airborne radar transmission signal；Yaw angle θcIt is carrier aircraft course and antenna
Front axial direction angle, θiAzimuth for i-th clutter scatterer relative to carrier aircraft, θpIt is the inclination angle of carrier aircraft flight,For miscellaneous
Scattering of wave body phase for carrier aircraft course the angle of pitch, []TThe transposition of representing matrix or vector.
The installation of the i-th gain coefficient array element of array element is pointed to and the included angle cosine between antenna beam sensing is represented,
The gain coefficient of array element is expressed as：
Wherein, g0It is array element peak gain coefficient, gbFor after array element to attenuation coefficient, θnullIt is radar emission waveform two 0
Main lobe width between point,It is i-th the installation sensing and antenna beam sensing of bay
Between angle, ni=[Fx(xi yi zi) Fy(xi yi zi) Fz(xi yi zi)]TInstalled for array element and pointed to, F (xi yi zi)
Represent that aerial array curve is (x in coordinatei yi zi) array element at normal equation.
Now the true spatial domain steering vector of array element level is：
Vs=gn*Ss
Wherein, * is Hadamard products, gnBe each array element gain vector, rearranged by the gain coefficient of each array element
Vector.
The now corresponding NK × 1 dimension space-time steering vector V of i-th clutter scattereriFor：
It is Kroneker products, then clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIt is configured to：
Vc=[V1 … VNC]T
So far, the space-time steering vector matrix off-line construction of clutter scatterer is finished, the parameter number used in construction process
Determine that the data with training sample are unrelated according to by system and aerial array arrangement, in offline construction process, related parameter must
Must accurately substitute into, will otherwise influence the accuracy of later process, and then have influence on the performance of final sample to be tested.
(2.2) it is calculated VcAll characteristic values, and arrange λ from big to small1、λ2……λNC, preceding r characteristic value is taken, its
Middle r is determined by following formula
In formula, r is the number of characteristic value, λiIt is clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIth feature value, i takes
1...NC, K be one closely 1 number, take K=0.999；Because ratio term in formula is greater than 0 less than or equal to 1, and
And matrix VcAll characteristic values be nonnegative number, so the r values when above formula ratio is close to 1 be exactly nonzero eigenvalue
Number.
(2.3) clutter scatterer steering vector matrix V is calculated respectivelycThe corresponding characteristic vector of preceding r characteristic value
Composition Ur.In the arithmetic logic of computer, the operand for seeking matrix characteristic vector is far smaller than the amount of calculation to matrix inversion,
Therefore the present invention avoids matrix inversion, saves very big amount of calculation.
Step 3, the low-rank according to clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur, the inverse square of clutter covariance matrix is calculated according to following formula
Battle array
In formula, []HThe conjugate transposition of representing matrix, I is r rank unit matrixs.
Because the low-rank of clutter subspace approaches matrix UrAll information of true clutter subspace, clutter are contained
The inverse matrix of covariance matrix is readily available by above formula, not only calculates simple, and accuracy is high.
Step 4, according to each training sample and the inverse matrix of clutter noise covariance matrixCalculated according to following formula
The broad sense inner product value η of each training sampleiThat is GIP
Wherein, i takes 1 to L, the conjugate transposition of H representing matrixs, xiIt is i-th training sample.
Due to there is outlier in interference sample, the broad sense inner product value and effective sample to be tested being calculated by this step
Broad sense inner product value there is significant difference, can by setting detection threshold, will interference sample separate.
Step 5, sets detection threshold, and the value of detection threshold η is obtained with following formula：
η=σ2NK
σ in formula2It is noise power, noise power is estimated to obtain using the noise electricity frequency of radar receiver, and N is airborne radar
The array number of antenna, K is the umber of pulse that airborne radar is received in a coherent processing inteval；
The value of detection threshold η is determined that the data with training sample are unrelated, effective sample to be tested by the parameter of system completely
Broad sense inner product value must be higher than detection threshold η, so if a broad sense inner product value for training sample is less than this detection threshold
η, this sample is exactly to disturb sample.
Step 6, judges whether each training sample is the disturbed nonuniform sample for polluting according to following kick-out condition：
ηi≤η
Wherein, η is the detection threshold of setting, ηiIt is i-th broad sense inner product value of training sample.
If ηi≤ η, then i-th training sample is the disturbed nonuniform sample for polluting, and i-th training sample is picked
Remove；Otherwise, i-th training sample is Uniform Sample, now retains i-th training sample.The number of the training sample that will be rejected
T is expressed as, then the number of the training sample for retaining is L-T, and h-th training sample in the training sample of reservation is expressed as
H takes 1 to L-T,As complete the sample to be tested rejected based on the interference sample under broad sense inner product General Cell.
When radar collect echo data in due to it is uneven containing the sample data caused by interference signal when, the present invention
Can solve the problem that sample covariance matrix estimates the problem of the inaccurate target detection performance reduction for causing.The present invention can be used to detect
And interference sample is rejected, by the inverse matrix of offline construction clutter plus noise covariance matrix, united as discriminating with broad sense inner product
Measure to check and reject nonuniform sample, improve the uniformity of sample so that sample covariance matrix estimates more accurate, so that
Improve the target detection performance of space-time adaptive processing.
Application in Space-Based Radar system is similar with this example, need to only change the data value of relevant parameter, and processing procedure is complete
It is exactly the same.
Effect of the invention can further be verified by following emulation experiment.
Embodiment 9
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-8, emulation experiment particular content
It is as follows：
Experiment scene：
Carrier aircraft flying height is 3000m, flying speed 100m/s, and the wavelength X of airborne radar transmission signal is 0.4m, airborne
The pulse recurrence frequency f of radar emission signalrIt is 1000Hz.The number L of the training sample employed in emulation experiment is 300
Individual, noise power in unit array element unit pulse is 1, it is assumed that altogether in the presence of 12 outliers, and each outlier space-time two
Dimension positional information and intensity are randomly generated in main lobe direction.
Experiment content：
Emulation experiment 1：Under the uniform uniform line-array configuration environment of the positive side-looking of radar, using of the invention based on broad sense inner product
Interference sample elimination method, traditional broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods under General Cell is respectively to above-mentioned experiment scene
In each training sample calculate broad sense inner product value, draw the corresponding broad sense inner product value distribution map of each range cell, in figure will
Broad sense inner product value is converted into decibel, referring to Fig. 2.The array element spacing d of airborne radar antenna is 0.2m, the array element of airborne radar antenna
Number N is 10, and the umber of pulse K that airborne radar is received in a coherent processing inteval is 12.As shown in Figure 2.It is followed successively by the present invention
The broad sense inner product value distribution map of each training sample for obtaining, is shown in Fig. 2 (a)；Each training that traditional broad sense inner product approach is obtained
The broad sense inner product value distribution map of sample, is shown in Fig. 2 (b)；And the broad sense inner product value of each training sample point that KASSM methods are obtained
Butut, is shown in Fig. 2 (c).In order to preferably embody the simulation result of jamming target, transverse axis represents range cell, i.e. each training sample
This location, the longitudinal axis represents the broad sense inner product value of each training sample, and unit is decibel.
Emulation experiment 2：Under the uniform uniform line-array configuration environment of positive side-looking, angle of drift as 30 ° is set, inclination angle is 0 °,
Other specification is identical with emulation experiment 1, successively using of the invention, traditional broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods respectively to upper
Each training sample stated in experiment scene calculates broad sense inner product value, draws the corresponding broad sense inner product Distribution value of each range cell
Figure.As shown in figure 3, being followed successively by each instruction that the present invention is obtained based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell
Practice the broad sense inner product value distribution map of sample, see Fig. 3 (a)；In the broad sense of each training sample that traditional broad sense inner product approach is obtained
Product value distribution map, is shown in Fig. 3 (b)；And the broad sense inner product value distribution map of each training sample that KASSM methods are obtained, see Fig. 3
(c).Transverse axis represents range cell, i.e. the location of each training sample, and the longitudinal axis represents the broad sense inner product of each training sample
Value, unit is decibel.
Emulation experiment 3：Under conformal round platform battle array configuration environment, conformal round platform battle array 0.5m high, three layers altogether, every layer includes 8
Individual array element, the upper bottom radius of round platform is respectively 1m and 0.5m, the pulse that airborne radar is received in a coherent processing inteval
Number K be 12, successively using of the invention, traditional broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods respectively to above-mentioned experiment scene in it is every
Individual training sample calculates broad sense inner product value, draws the corresponding broad sense inner product value distribution map (being converted into decibel) of each range cell.
As shown in figure 4, being followed successively by the broad sense inner product value distribution map of each training sample that the present invention is obtained, Fig. 4 (a) is seen；Traditional broad sense
The broad sense inner product value distribution map of each training sample that inner product approach is obtained, is shown in Fig. 4 (b)；And KASSM methods obtain each
The broad sense inner product value distribution map of training sample, is shown in Fig. 4 (c).Transverse axis represents range cell, i.e. position residing for each training sample
Put, the longitudinal axis represents the broad sense inner product value of each training sample, unit is decibel.
Interpretation：
From the simulation result of Fig. 2, it can be seen that for positive side-looking even linear array configuration, referring to Fig. 2 (b), traditional broad sense
Inner product approach is not obvious for the Detection results for disturbing, because the broad sense inner product value phase of the residing range cell of most of interference
Side-play amount for other range cells and less, the broad sense inner product value of range cell residing for only a small amount of strong jamming relative to
The side-play amount of other range cells is larger；Therefore the detection threshold in selection can not be smaller, can otherwise cause to reject more uniform
Sample and influence detect performance.Can intuitively see very much from Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (c) present invention and KASSM methods for
The Detection results of interference are all fine, and the broad sense inner product value of range cell residing for all of interference is inclined relative to other range cells
Shifting amount is all very big.
By the simulation result of Fig. 2 it can be found that for positive side-looking ULA, the present invention and KASSM methods can obtain very good
Detection results, and tradition GIP-NHD method poor-performings.
Embodiment 10
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-8, the condition and content of emulation
With embodiment 9.
Referring to Fig. 3, for positive side-looking even linear array configuration antenna, from the result of traditional broad sense inner product approach, referring to
Fig. 3 (b), and KASSM methods result, referring to Fig. 3 (c), it can be seen that for dispersion be in 0 to 300 range cells
Target, both approaches treatment after disturb sample target is flooded completely, it is impossible to find out target position, illustrate traditional
Broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods do not have and effectively detect and reject interference sample, therefore do not ensure that space-time two-dimensional
The performance of target is detected after self-adaptive processing；Comparison diagram 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c), it can be seen that treatment of the invention from Fig. 3 (a)
As a result, it can be clearly seen that each target position, illustrate that the present invention can effectively be detected and reject interference sample, it is complete
The performance of target can be ensured to detect after space-time adaptive processing entirely.
Embodiment 11
Based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell with embodiment 1-8, the condition and content of emulation
With embodiment 9.
Referring to Fig. 4, for conformal round platform battle array configuration antenna, from traditional broad sense inner product approach, referring to Fig. 4 (b), and
KASSM methods, referring to Fig. 4 (c), it can be seen that both approaches cannot tell mesh of the dispersion in 0 to 300 range cells
Mark, the effective information of target is disturbed information and covers completely, and this illustrates traditional antenna, broad sense inner product approach and KASSM methods
Interference is not detected and rejected effectively, the echo samples for being not particularly suited for arbitrary configuration antenna are selected, comparison diagram 3 (b) and Fig. 3
C (), it can be seen that result of the invention can effectively be detected and reject interference from Fig. 3 (a), illustrates the present invention to sample
This detection better performances, what outlier was rejected is very thorough, and the echo samples that can be used for arbitrary configuration antenna are selected.
The reason for there is above-mentioned situation be traditional broad sense inner product approach by the parameter of training sample and outlier influenceed compared with
Greatly, it is not sensitive enough to outlier；KASSM methods are constructed based on positive side-looking ULA, therefore for other array configurations, its
Performance drastically declines；And institute's extracting method of the present invention takes full advantage of the prior distribution information of clutter, it is contemplated that different array configurations
Under noise performance, it is more sensitive to outlier therefore suitable for all aerial array configurations, with preferably interference sample selection
Performance.
In brief, it is more particularly to a kind of improved any the invention belongs to space-time adaptive processing technical field
Interference pollution sample selection method under array configuration environment.Solving at present cannot be to the echo sample of General Cell configuration antenna
Originally the technical problem selected.Implementation step is：Step 1, the left and right two ends of range cell to be detected choose altogether L away from
Echo data from unit is used as training sample；Step 2, according to the corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of single scattering object and time domain
Steering vector constructs clutter scatterer steering vector matrix V offlinec, so as to the low-rank for obtaining clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur；Step
Rapid 3, the low-rank according to clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur, calculate the inverse matrix of clutter covariance matrixStep 4, according to every
The inverse matrix of individual training sample and clutter noise covariance matrixCalculate the broad sense inner product value of each training sample
(GIP)；Step 5, according to noise power, setting detection threshold η；Step 6, the inspection of GIP and setting according to each training sample
Thresholding η is surveyed, judges whether i-th training sample meets setting kick-out condition, if it is satisfied, being rejected；If be unsatisfactory for, will
It retains, and the sample to be tested after eliminating outlier is finally given, to carry out next step space-time adaptive processing.The present invention
The inverse matrix of offline construction clutter covariance, wherein position and directional information comprising single array element, therefore any battle array can be rejected
Interference sample under row configuration antenna, the inverse matrix of offline construction clutter covariance is unrelated with training sample data, directly passes through
The low-rank of clutter subspace approaches matrix derivation, it is not necessary to carry out the computing of matrix inversion, therefore result not by training sample
This influence, and operand is small.For airborne and Space-Based Radar smart antennas.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification without deviating from essence of the invention to the present invention
God and scope.So, if these modifications of the invention and modification belong to the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies
Within, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these changes and modification.
Claims (6)
1. the interference sample elimination method under a kind of inner product General Cell based on broad sense, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, obtains training sample：Using radar emission signal, and receive corresponding echo data；In the echo that radar is received
In data, multiple range cells are chosen respectively at the left and right two ends of range cell to be detected, will choose L range cell time
I-th training sample is expressed as X by wave number according to as corresponding L training samplei, i takes 1 to L；
Step 2, the low-rank of offline composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur, each training sample is evenly dividing according to orientation
It is NcIndividual sample block, offline construction clutter scatterer steering vector matrix Vc, in clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcMiddle calculating
The corresponding characteristic vector of all of nonzero eigenvalue is obtained, the low-rank of composition clutter subspace approaches matrix Ur；
Step 3, approximate matrix expression true clutter subspace characteristic is approached using low-rank, and the low-rank according to clutter subspace is approached
Matrix Ur, the inverse matrix of off-line calculation clutter noise covariance matrix
Step 4, the inverse matrix of data and clutter noise covariance matrix according to each training sample for collectingCalculate
Go out the broad sense inner product value of each training sample；
Step 5, according to noise power, setting detection threshold η；
Step 6, the detection threshold η of GIP and setting according to each training sample judges whether i-th training sample meets and sets
Fixed kick-out condition, if it is satisfied, being rejected；If be unsatisfactory for, retained；The same method traversal all of instruction of detection
Practice sample, finally retain all samples through screening, obtain rejecting the sample after interference sample, by all by retaining after screening
Sample constitute sample to be tested, complete the rejecting based on the interference sample under broad sense inner product General Cell.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell, it is characterised in that step
The low-rank of offline composition clutter subspace approaches matrix U in rapid 2rSpecific steps include：
(2.1) it is N each training sample to be evenly dividing according to orientationcIndividual sample block, NcIt is the natural number more than 1, according to list
The corresponding clutter spatial domain steering vector of individual clutter scatterer and clutter time domain steering vector construct clutter scatterer and are oriented to arrow offline
Moment matrix Vc；
The corresponding time domain steering vector V of offline i-th clutter scatterer of constructiontAnd original spatial domain steering vector Ss, respectively：
Wherein, j is imaginary unit,λ is the wavelength of radar emission signal, di=[xi yi zi]TIt is the i-th of antenna
Position coordinates where individual array element, V=[- | v | cos θc cosθp |v|sinθc cosθp -|v|sinθp]TRepresent radar platform
Velocity,Represent that the corresponding wave beam of i-th scattering object refers to
To unit vector, frIt is the pulse recurrence frequency of radar emission signal；Yaw angle θcIt is that carrier aircraft course and antenna array are axially pressed from both sides
Angle, θiAzimuth for i-th clutter scatterer relative to carrier aircraft, θpIt is the inclination angle of carrier aircraft flight,It is clutter scatterer phase
For the angle of pitch in carrier aircraft course, []TThe transposition of representing matrix or vector；
The installation of the i-th gain coefficient array element of array element is pointed to and the included angle cosine between antenna beam sensing is represented, array element
Gain coefficient be expressed as：
Wherein, g0It is array element peak gain coefficient, gbFor after array element to attenuation coefficient, θnullFor the zero point of radar emission waveform two it
Between main lobe width,For between i-th the installation sensing and antenna beam sensing of bay
Angle, ni=[Fx(xi yi zi)Fy(xi yi zi)Fz(xi yi zi)]TInstalled for array element and pointed to, F (xi yi zi) represent day
Linear array curve is (x in coordinatei yi zi) array element at normal equation；
Now the true spatial domain steering vector of array element level is：
Vs=gn*Ss
Wherein, * is Hadamard products, gnIt is each array element gain vector, is the arrow rearranged by the gain coefficient of each array element
Amount；
The now corresponding NK × 1 dimension space-time steering vector V of i-th clutter scattereriFor：
It is Kroneker products, then the clutter scatterer steering vector matrix V of all targetscIt is configured to：
Vc=[V1 … VNC]T
(2.2) it is calculated clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcAll characteristic values, and arrange λ from big to small1、λ2……
λNC, preceding r characteristic value is taken, wherein r is determined by following formula
In formula, r is the number of characteristic value, λiIt is clutter scatterer steering vector matrix VcIth feature value, i takes 1...NC, K
Be one closely 1 number, take K=0.999；Above formula ratio is close to the number that r values when 1 are exactly nonzero eigenvalue；
(2.3) clutter scatterer steering vector matrix V is calculated respectivelycPreceding r characteristic value corresponding characteristic vector composition
Ur。
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell, it is characterised in that
In step 3, off-line calculation goes out the inverse matrix of clutter noise covariance matrixAccording to following formula：
In formula, []HThe conjugate transposition of representing matrix, I is r rank unit matrixs.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell, it is characterised in that
In step 4, the broad sense inner product value (GIP) of each training sample is calculated, that is, calculate i-th broad sense inner product value of training sample
GIP statistics ηi, specially：
Wherein, i takes 1 to L, xiIt is i-th training sample.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell, it is characterised in that
In step 5, the value of detection threshold η is obtained with following formula：
η=σ2NK
σ in formula2It is noise power, noise power is estimated to obtain using the noise electricity frequency of radar receiver, and N is airborne radar antenna
Array number, K is the umber of pulse that is received in a coherent processing inteval of airborne radar, as the arteries and veins needed for one sample of acquisition
Rush number.
6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the interference sample elimination method under broad sense inner product General Cell, it is characterised in that
In step 6, judge whether each training sample meets setting kick-out condition, the kick-out condition for setting as：
ηi≤η
Wherein, η is the detection threshold of setting, ηiIt is i-th broad sense inner product value of training sample；
If ηi≤ η, then reject i-th training sample；Otherwise, i-th training sample is retained；The training sample that will be rejected
Number is expressed as T, and h-th training sample in the training sample of reservation is expressed asH takes 1 to L-T,As complete base
In the sample to be tested that the interference sample under broad sense inner product General Cell is rejected.
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