CN107569981A

CN107569981A - A kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology

Info

Publication number: CN107569981A
Application number: CN201710943918.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨正山
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-10-11
Filing date: 2017-10-11
Publication date: 2018-01-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology, the technology such as the process integration charcoal preparation, gaseous jet simulation, carbonate molten fuel cell；The use of liquefied natural gas is that system cools stage by stage, fused carbonate fuel battery anode fuel is used as afterwards, the enrichment to carbon dioxide is realized in power generation process by molten carbonate fuel cell, carbon dioxide is separated with other gas componants with membrane module after anode exhaust fume-dehydrating, and provide energy using gas is retained for the oxygen-enriched column of membrane module, the process of pressurization-cooling-pressurization is used in co 2 liquefaction process, reduces the total energy consumption of liquefaction process；Each link has been effectively integrated in technique to heat and the demand of cold energy by heat exchanger and heated by natural gas device；Charcoal prepares link, by using fused carbonate fuel battery anode and the heat of cathode exhaust flue gas different temperatures section, improves the energy utilization efficiency of system simultaneously in carbon sequestration.

Description

A kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to smoke gas treatment and the technical field of biomass economy, more particularly to a kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas two Carbonoxide traps coupled biological charcoal preparation technology.

Background technology

Since 21 century is entered, global warming, greenhouse effects increasingly sharpen, and substantial amounts of combustion of fossil fuel, result in The rising of gas concentration lwevel in air, report that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels already exceed at present according to international energy portion 400ppm.The contribution rate of carbon dioxide is to 55% or so in greenhouse gases, wherein discharged after being burnt due to coal-burning power plant two Carbonoxide accounts for 40% or so of CO2 emission total amount, and commercial silica carbon emission accounts for 25% or so, and transport accounts for 20% or so.It is raw The thing energy is captured with carbon and storing technology (BECCS) is a kind of very effective Technology of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and the technology combines Carbon captures and storage (CCS) and the use of biomass, and it can create negative carbon emission, be gathered around in the U.S., Canada, Holland at present There is input actual motion, all refer to ethanol preparation.

Collecting carbonic anhydride mode in coal-burning power plant's is divided at present：Pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxygen-enriched combusting.It is coal-fired The technology trapped after power plant combustion mainly has solvent absorption, absorption method, membrane separation process, low-temperature deep partition method etc., at present alcohol Amine absorption process is most widely used, but has that absorbent regeneration temperature is higher, and required energy consumption is larger, while equipment is caused necessarily The corrosion of degree.Membrane separation process with its floor space is small, energy consumption is low, without phase transformation, it is easy to operate the advantages of, there is wide application Prospect, but because coal-fired plant flue gas pressure is small, the concentration of carbon dioxide in flue gas is low, needs to pass through compression in actual motion Machine provides separating effect, adds the energy consumption of collecting carbonic anhydride process, and this is the current master for hindering membrane separation process commercial Application Want factor.

Charcoal is bio-organic materials（Biomass）In anoxic or anoxybiotic environment, what is generated after high temperature pyrolysis consolidates State product, carbon element is rich in product, charcoal has multiple use at present, you can as the raw material in environmental improvement, while can To realize carbon sequestration as environmental improvement material, while as a kind of Land use systems of biomass energy, less atmosphere discharge, go back simultaneously The country can be alleviated because atmosphere polluting problem caused by straw burning, but existing in charcoal preparation process needs high temperature bar Part, energy resource consumption is indirectly added in preparation process, reduces its actual emission reduction effect to a certain extent.The system of charcoal Standby temperature conditionss difference has certain difference, the meeting of charcoal prepared by condition of different temperatures to the physicochemical property of biological product char There is different the best use ways.

Some researchs are by the way that molten carbonate fuel cell and coal-fired plant flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride are mutually tied at present Close, but but be not combined with biomass economy, do not meet bioenergy and carbon capture and the research of storing technology (BECCS) Category.The technology of existing research, relatively independent operation, seldom biomass utilization and carbon dioxide membrane are trapped with sealing up for safekeeping （CCS）Technology is combined, and the combination between two kinds of technologies will lift the comprehensive utilization of resource and energy, and it is unnecessary to reduce Waste.

Therefore, research is a kind of traps coal-fired plant flue gas using bioenergy and carbon capture and storing technology (BECCS) The technique of carbon dioxide, prepared combining charcoal, low-temperature deep, UF membrane, molten carbonate fuel cell technology are carried out Integrate, to reduce the energy consumption of technique and trapping difficulty, be extremely necessary.

The content of the invention

, will it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology The technologies such as charcoal preparation, gaseous jet simulation, molten carbonate fuel cell effectively combine, and can effectively reduce by two The energy consumption and raising carbon dioxide discharge-reduction effect of carbonoxide trapping technique.

Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows：

A kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology, step are as follows：

Coal-burning power plant's flue gas first passes through knot screen purification, then with the flue gas after combustion of natural gas and fresh air according to one Certainty ratio is mixed, and fused carbonate fuel battery cathode is transported to after pressurized, heated reduction reaction, negative electrode row occurs The flue gas put first passes through catalytic burner heating, then by expansion power generation, is passed into charcoal Preparation equipment afterwards, temperature reduces It is discharged into after to setting value in air；By what is obtained by having utilized after the natural gas of cold energy and the heated heating of liquefied natural gas The fused carbonate fuel battery anode fuels sources of natural gas and the natural gas in other sources composition mix with vapor, Ran Houtong Enter catalytic reforming reaction device, be then passed to fused carbonate fuel battery anode and oxidation reaction occurs；The flue gas of anode exhaust Oxygen-enriched air prepared by column oxygen-enriched with membrane module is reacted in catalytic burner according to a certain percentage, reacted gas It is passed into charcoal Preparation equipment；After flue-gas temperature is reduced to design temperature, the charcoal of next relatively low preparation temperature is led to Preparation equipment, and after temperature is less than 100 degrees Celsius, by the cooling in 3 stages, preliminary dehydration is realized in gas-liquid separator Dry；Gas after gas-liquid separation is passed into the separation that gas component is carried out in membrane module, and membrane module infiltration gas first passes through multistage Compressor compresses, then the cooling by heat exchanger 2 stages of progress, are then further dehydrated using 3A molecular sieves；Dehydration is dry Carbon dioxide gas stream after dry is cooled by LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchanger, and gas cools to -54 degrees Celsius and becomes liquid；Liquid Carbon dioxide after change is pressurized to the pressure needed for the commercial use of setting by hydraulic pump.

The oxygen-enriched column of membrane module retains the pressure of gas by turbine expansion-compressor using carbon dioxide UF membrane link Potential energy provides energy for compressed air process, and the air after overcompression is carried out by air membrane separating process to oxygen and nitrogen Separation, retention gas and expanding machine bring out mouth flue gas mix after atmospheric pressure is depressured to by expanding machine generating, the richness in infiltration gas Oxygen air provides oxygen source for catalytic burner.

The cold of internal system and the need of heat are fully incorporated by using heated by natural gas device and multiple heat exchangers Ask；Cold energy is provided for the cooling of high-pureness carbon dioxide gas first using the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, promotes carbon dioxide The liquefaction of gas, then proceed to provide cold energy for gas-liquid separation link, membrane module is improved while cooling to carbon dioxide Separation, utilized the natural gas of cold energy as the anode fuel of molten carbonate fuel cell；Co 2 liquefaction Link carries out the flow of pressurization-cooling liquefaction-pressurization, is first pressurized to setting pressure, then by low-temperature liquefaction, finally by Liquid pump is pressurized to pressure needed for commercial use, and the pressure of setting meets that carbon dioxide becomes liquid after cooling using liquefied natural gas Body, occurrence are adjusted according to the various concentrations of different operating condition carbon dioxide；Liquefaction process reduces required pressurization The volume of fluid, reduce energy consumption needed for supercharging；Using low-temperature carbon dioxide liquid cold energy for dehydration link cooling, for Own temperature gets a promotion while dehydration link provides cold energy, then again by the temperature adjustment of liquid carbon dioxide to business Purposes desirable value, reduce energy consumption needed for system；Link is dehydrated for second step to cool, be then back to water again using the water of condensation Steam heater, as a kind of raw material of fused carbonate fuel battery anode, improve the efficiency of energy utilization of system.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention will be described in more detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：

A kind of structure of implementing that Fig. 1 is the coal-burning power plant flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology of the present invention is shown It is intended to.

Fig. 2 is the oxygen-enriched plate structure schematic diagram of membrane module.

Fig. 3 is that combustion of natural gas heats link structural representation.

Fig. 4 is fused carbonate fuel battery anode fuel supply system structural representation.

Label declaration in accompanying drawing：

1st, coal-burning power plant's flue gas；2nd, flue gas impurity treatment device；3rd, 6,26,33, gas mixer；4th, vapor heating dress Put；5th, 31, air compressor；7th, fuel reforming reaction device；8th, molten carbonate fuel cell；9th, 32, heated by natural gas dress Put；10th, catalytic burner；11st, 28, expanding machine；12nd, 13, charcoal preparation facilities；14th, 15,16,20,21,30, heat exchanger； 17th, gas-liquid separator；18th, 27, membrane module；19th, compound compressor；22nd, LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchanger；23rd, liquid pump；24、 Liquefied natural gas source of the gas air accumulator；25th, turbine expansion-compressor；29th, 3A molecular sieve dehydration devices.

Embodiment

In order to better illustrate the existing technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with attached needed for prior art description Figure is described in detail.

Reference picture 1, a kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology of the invention include： Fused carbonate fuel battery anode fuel reaches compressor 5 by S47, and gas is reached by S5 after compressor pressurization heating In body blender 6, high-temperature steam is transported in gas mixer 6 by vapor heater by S4, after gas mixing is uniform Reached by S6 in fuel reforming reaction device 7；Treat that the alkane in fuel changes into carbon monoxide and hydrogen with vapor reaction Afterwards, flue gas reaches the anode of molten carbonate fuel cell 8 by S7, and oxidation reaction, which occurs, in anode obtains being enriched with titanium dioxide The flue gas of carbon, then reached by S9 in catalytic burner 10.

Coal-burning power plant's flue gas 1 first passes through flue gas impurity treatment device 2 and handled, the flue gas after processing and fresh air and by The flue gas that is discharged in heated by natural gas device and reach gas mixer by S1, S2, S54 respectively according to a certain percentage；Gas Reached after well mixed by S3 in compressor 31, be passed through after pressurization heating by S55 in heated by natural gas device 9, mix cigarette Gas is connected after heating by S56 with the negative electrode of molten carbonate fuel cell 8, and mixed gas passes through after cathode reaction completion S8 is crossed to catalytic burner 10, is connected after heating by S11 with expanding machine 11；Flue gas is after expansion power generation, by S12 Into in charcoal preparation facilities 13, discharged afterwards by S14.

Come from the flue gas of the anode of molten carbonate fuel cell 8 in catalytic burner 10 with to come from membrane module oxygen-enriched Oxygen-enriched air S45 in plate is reacted, and is connected after the completion of reaction by S10 with charcoal preparation facilities 12, flue-gas temperature Being absorbed in charcoal preparation process, temperature drops to be connected with during S12 temperature closes by S13 with charcoal preparation facilities 13, Further decrease temperature and pressure is to entering first time cooling and dewatering link after design temperature.

The flue gas discharged from charcoal preparation facilities 13, is cooled by heat exchanger 14,15,16 successively, finally by S24 is connected with gas-liquid separator 17；In heat exchanger 14, cold temperature source is passed through by the moisture isolated in gas-liquid separator 17 The water at low temperature that heat exchanger 20 is connected after heating by S30 with S17 provides；In heat exchanger 15, cold temperature source is by from liquid pump 23 In the low-temperature carbon dioxide liquid offer that is connected after the heating of heat exchanger 21 with S19 by S35 of liquid carbon dioxide；Changing In hot device 16 cold temperature source by liquefied natural gas air accumulator 24 liquefied natural gas entered LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchanger heating Cryogenic natural gas after being connected afterwards by S36 with S23 provides；Aqueous water occurs to divide with gas component in gas-liquid separator 17 From.

Be connected after the aqueous water isolated with S32 by S26 heated up by heat exchanger 20 and from S30 outflow with S17 is connected, and cools afterwards for heat exchanger 14, own temperature rise, is then flowed out from S16, is back to vapor heater 4.

Gas component in gas-liquid separator 17 is by S25 with being connected after the feeding gas of membrane module 18；Membrane module 18 is cut Gas is stayed to be connected with S27, infiltration gas is connected with S28；Flue gas in S25 is separated by membrane module 18, it is pure to obtain carbon dioxide Gas component of the degree higher than 95%, is dehydrated link into second step afterwards.

The high concentration carbon dioxide gas that the infiltrating gas side of membrane module 18 obtains is connected by S28 with compound compressor 19, gas Body is connected after being connected after being compressed by S29 with heat exchanger 20 by S31 and heat exchanger 21；Gas leads to after 2 coolings Cross S34 with 3A molecular sieve dehydration devices 29 to be connected, enter liquefaction link afterwards.

After gas completes dehydration, LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchanger 22, the carbon dioxide gas after dehydration are reached by S48 Body obtains carbon dioxide liquid by the cooling of LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchanger 22, is connected afterwards by S37 with liquid pump 23； In LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchanger 22, the cryogenic natural gas come from liquefied natural gas air accumulator 24 passes through S38 and LNG Liquefied natural gas heat exchanger 22 is connected, and after heating, is connected by S36 with S23, reaches heat exchanger 16 and is further risen Temperature, the natural gas after heating can be used as fused carbonate fuel anode fuel.

After liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized to the pressure condition needed for the commercial use of setting in liquid pump 23, pass through S39 is connected with S33, is then warmed in heat exchanger 21, is connected after heating by S35 with S19, then enters one by heat exchanger 15 Step heating, is connected after heating by S20 with product temperature adjustment link；To meet the temperature needed for various commercial purposes, and keep away Exempt from due to operating condition change cause now temperature and design temperature difference when, liquid carbon dioxide is again by changing in S20 Design temperature is arrived in the hot regulation of device 30, finally by S49 to business application stage.

Reference picture 1, in fig. 2, the oxygen-enriched plate of membrane module of the invention include：

Air is transported to the import of the compressor end of turbine expansion-compressor 25 by S41, passes through S40 and film after overcompression The charging gas port of component 27 is connected；The retention gas side of membrane module 27 is connected with S43, and infiltration gas is connected with S45；Retention gas passes through S43 is connected with blender 26, and infiltration gas is that catalytic burner 10 provides source of oxygen by S45；Come from membrane module 18 and retain gas It is connected by S27 with the import of the expansion generator terminal of turbine expansion-compressor 25, by S42 and gas after the bulbs of pressure reduce Body blender 26 is connected；It is connected after gas mixing is complete by S44 with expanding machine 28, by expanding machine 28, the pressure of flue gas drops Discharged after to atmospheric pressure by S46.

Reference picture 1, in figure 3, combustion of natural gas heating link is needed to use to include in the present invention：

Low-temperature flue gas is connected by S50 with heated by natural gas device, is discharged after heat temperature raising by S52；Natural gas passes through S53 enters heated by natural gas device, is discharged after combustion of natural gas by S51；Vapor heater 4, natural gas in process Heater 9, heated by natural gas device 32, the thermal source of fuel reforming reaction device 7 provide by combustion of natural gas.

Reference picture 1, in Fig. 4, fused carbonate fuel battery anode fuel supply system includes in the present invention：

The natural gas for having utilized cryogenic energy from S22 is connected with gas mixer 33, and liquefied natural gas passes through S57 and natural gas Heater 32 is connected, and is connected after heating by S58 with gas mixer 33, the natural gas in other sources passes through S59 and gas Blender 33 is connected, and entering fused carbonate fuel battery anode fuel by S47 after gas mixing pre-processes link.

Claims

A kind of 1. coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology, it is characterised in that：Incorporate including The technologies such as charcoal preparation, gaseous jet simulation, low-temperature liquefaction, carbonate molten fuel cell；By the day by having utilized cold energy The fused carbonate combustion of the natural gas and the natural gas composition in other sources that are obtained after right gas and the heated heating of liquefied natural gas Material galvanic anode fuels sources mix with vapor, after carrying out catalytic reforming, are passed into fused carbonate fuel battery anode Oxidation reaction；Coal-burning power plant's flue gas first pass through after knot screen purification with the flue gas after combustion of natural gas and fresh air according to Certain proportion is mixed, and is reacted after pressurized, heated in fused carbonate fuel battery cathode；The cigarette of anode exhaust Oxygen-enriched air prepared by gas column oxygen-enriched with membrane module reacts in catalytic burner according to a certain percentage, is passed into afterwards In charcoal preparation facilities, after dropping to design temperature, the charcoal preparation facilities of relatively low preparation temperature is passed into, when temperature is less than After 100 degrees Celsius, by cooling stage by stage, the initial gross separation of moisture in flue gas is realized, the gas after gas-liquid separation is passed into film Gas component separation is carried out in component, by first carrying out for 2 stages by heat exchanger after multistage compressor compresses after gas separation Further dehydrated using 3A molecular sieves after cooling, gas is cooled to -54 by LNG liquefied natural gas heat exchangers afterwards Degree Celsius become liquid, be pressurized to by hydraulic pump the pressure needed for the commercial use of setting again afterwards；Fused carbonate fuel The flue gas of cell cathode exhaust is first passed through to be passed into charcoal after expansion power generation again and prepare and set after catalytic burner heats It is standby, it is discharged into after dropping to certain temperature in air.
2. a kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：The oxygen-enriched module of membrane module incorporates flue gas composition separating film module retention gas by using turbine expansion-compressor Pressure potential provide power for compressed air, the air after overcompression separates by membrane module to oxygen and nitrogen, By being generated electricity after the flue gas mixing of mouth is brought out with expanding machine by expanding machine, the oxygen-enriched air obtained from infiltrating gas side is retention gas Catalytic burner provides oxygen source.
3. a kind of coal-burning power plant's flue gas collecting carbonic anhydride coupled biological charcoal preparation technology according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：Incorporated by using a variety of heat exchangers and heated by natural gas device, fully incorporate internal system cold and The demand of heat, promote the liquefaction of carbon dioxide for the cooling of high-pureness carbon dioxide gas using the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, Cold energy further is provided for dehydration link afterwards, separation of the membrane module to carbon dioxide is improved while cooling； Carbon dioxide is first pressurized to setting pressure, and then by low-temperature liquefaction, pressure needed for commercial use is pressurized to finally by liquid pump Power, reduce the energy consumption in press process needed for direct weighting air to commercial use；By using low-temperature carbon dioxide liquid Cold energy for dehydration link cooling, improve own temperature, then carry out temperature adjustment again, the energy for reducing system disappears Consumption；By the way that the water of condensation is back into vapor heater again for dehydration link cooling, as molten carbonate fuel cell sun A kind of raw material of pole reaction, improves system energy utilization ratio.