CN107568432A - A kind of red tilapia larvae forage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of red tilapia larvae forage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107568432A CN107568432A CN201711015958.8A CN201711015958A CN107568432A CN 107568432 A CN107568432 A CN 107568432A CN 201711015958 A CN201711015958 A CN 201711015958A CN 107568432 A CN107568432 A CN 107568432A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention belongs to aquatic feeds technical field, more particularly to a kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following raw material：Fish meal, krill meal, brewer's yeast, dogfish oil, corn protein powder, linseed oil, wall material, lecithin, Choline Chloride, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture；The present invention uses compound wall materialses, so that the Microcapsules Size prepared is distributed in 178-590 μm and accounts for 70%, reduce a large amount of dust and bulky grain feed produces, Feed Energy meets the Particle size requirements of ingesting of postlarva, the utilization rate and absorptivity of fish meal and other raw materials are improved, improves the immunity and Survival of low temperature rate of Tilapia mossambica.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic feeds technical field, more particularly to a kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet and its preparation
Method.
Background technology
Malaysian red tilapia is the excellent red tilapia strain of the economic characters for improveing and obtaining by number generation, and body is in
Pink, meat flavour is delicious, sells lover, and supply falls short of demand in the market, is liked by consumer very much, but because its postlarva lacks suitable bait
Material, mainly by natural bait, thus it is slow-growing, individual is smaller, and not cold-resistant, overwintering survival rate is relatively low, and its seed lacks, only
There are Hainan and Malaysia locality just to buy, cause the country to there is no the raiser for specially cultivating Malaysian strain
Or company, also in development, mainly some research structures study Basic Biological Character and the quality seed selection of the strain.
The field experiment of current Malaysian red tilapia mainly carries out the development of its open-mouthed bait, but mainly by natural bait, artificial bait
Supplemented by material.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, provide a kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet and its preparation side
Method, realized particular by following technical scheme.
A kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 2-100 parts, krill meal 1-70
Part, brewer's yeast 1-50 parts, dogfish oil 0.1-30 parts, corn protein powder 1-30 parts, linseed oil 1-30 parts, wall material 1-20
Part, lecithin 0.1-20 parts, Choline Chloride 0.5-10 parts, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.1-10 parts, vitamin mixtures 0.1-5
Part, mineral mixture 0.1-5 parts.
Further, described red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 50-65 parts, phosphorus
Shrimp med 10-20 parts, brewer's yeast 5-10 parts, dogfish oil 2-8 parts, corn protein powder 3-7 parts, linseed oil 4-6 parts, wall material 2-
3 parts, lecithin 0.5-2 parts, Choline Chloride 1-2 parts, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5-1 parts, vitamin mixtures 0.5-1 parts, ore deposit
Mixture of substances 0.5-1 parts.
Further, described vitamin mixtures, it is by vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, dimension life
Plain B12, vitamin D, vitamin K are according to mass ratio 3-5:1-1.5:0.8-1.3:2-2.8:4-5:3-7:1-2 is mixed.
Further, described mineral mixture, it is by sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, five water
Copper sulphate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate are according to mass ratio 2-7:0.5-1.2:0.1-0.3:0.05-0.1：0.2-0.7:0.05-0.12 is mixed
Form.
Further, described fish meal is peru fish meal, crude protein content >=67%.
Further, described wall material is maltodextrin, gelatin, starch octenyl succinate anhydride, chitosan according to mass ratio
3-3.5:2-3:5-5.7:1.2-1.5 mix.
Further, including following preparation process：
1) fish meal, krill meal, corn protein powder mixing, add 1.2-1.5 times of clear water, obtain compound, be inoculated with 5-7% hair
Ferment agent, fermentation, obtains fermentation material, 70-80 DEG C of steam treatment 1-2h is passed through in fermentation material, obtains material 1；
2) material 1, brewer's yeast, dogfish oil, Choline Chloride, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture mixing, low temperature surpass
Crushing of Ultrafine, dogfish oil, linseed oil mixing are added, obtain material 2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in material 2,15-17% expects 2 mass
Water mixing 15-17min, rotating speed 380-400r/min, cut 10-12min, rotating speed be 2700-3000r/min granulation, wall
Timber-used 40-50% ethanol dissolves, spraying, coating, drying.
Further, described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes.
Further, described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes according to mass ratio
2:3:0.5 mixing, wherein the living bacteria count of every kind of bacterium >=3.0 hundred million/g.
Beneficial effect of the present invention：The present invention uses compound wall materialses so that the Microcapsules Size of preparation is distributed in 178-590 μ
M accounts for 70%, reduce a large amount of dust (<150 μm) and bulky grain (>840 μm) feed produces, and Feed Energy meets the grain of ingesting of postlarva
Footpath requires that it has been observed that the surface of microcapsule prepared has one layer of comparatively dense coating film under Electronic Speculum, form is uniform, bag
Film is complete, is up to 67.9% to the embedding rate of lipid, yield is up to 98.6%.
Further analysis is found, feed prepared by the present invention, passes through certain material rate, inoculation fermentation mixed culture fermentation agent
Raw material is fermented so that the small peptide content of its fish meal of the feed of preparation reaches 27.67%, and VBN is only
40.5mg/100g, TAC lifting more than 72.3%, the content lifting more than 29.75% of limiting amino acid, improve
The utilization rate and absorptivity of fish meal and other raw materials, improve the immunity and Survival of low temperature rate of Tilapia mossambica.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below, but the invention is not limited in these realities
Mode is applied, any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit, it is claimed to still fall within the claims in the present invention
Scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 50g, krill meal 10g, beer
Yeast 5g, dogfish oil 2g, corn protein powder 3g, linseed oil 4g, wall material 2g, lecithin 0.5g, Choline Chloride 1g, carboxymethyl
Sodium cellulosate 0.5g, vitamin mixtures 0.5g, mineral mixture 0.5g.
Described vitamin mixtures, be by vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B12,
Vitamin D, vitamin K are according to mass ratio 3:1:0.8:2:4:3:1 mixes.
Described mineral mixture, be by sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate,
Magnesium sulfate monohydrate is according to mass ratio 2:0.5:0.1:0.05：0.2:0.05 mixes.
Described fish meal is peru fish meal, crude protein content >=67%.
Described wall material is maltodextrin, gelatin, starch octenyl succinate anhydride, chitosan according to mass ratio 3:2:5:
1.2 mix.
Described red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following preparation process：
1) fish meal, krill meal, corn protein powder mixing, add 1.2 times of clear water, obtain compound, be inoculated with 5% leavening,
Fermentation, obtains fermentation material, 70 DEG C of steam treatment 1h is passed through in fermentation material, obtain material 1；
2) material 1, brewer's yeast, dogfish oil, Choline Chloride, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture mixing, low temperature surpass
Crushing of Ultrafine, dogfish oil, linseed oil mixing are added, obtains material 2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the mass of 15% material 2 are added in material 2
Water mixing 15min, rotating speed 380r/min, 10min being cut, rotating speed is pelletized for 2700r/min, and wall material is dissolved with 40% ethanol,
Spraying, coating, drying.
Described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes.
Described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes according to mass ratio 2:3:0.5
Mixing, wherein the living bacteria count of every kind of bacterium >=3.0 hundred million/g.
Embodiment 2
A kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 60g, krill meal 15g, beer
Yeast 7g, dogfish oil 5g, corn protein powder 5g, linseed oil 5g, wall material 2.3g, lecithin 1g, Choline Chloride 1.5g, carboxylic first
Base sodium cellulosate 0.7g, vitamin mixtures 0.7g, mineral mixture 0.6g.
Described vitamin mixtures, be by vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B12,
Vitamin D, vitamin K are according to mass ratio 4:1.2:1.1:2.4:4.5:5:1.5 mix.
Described mineral mixture, be by sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate,
Magnesium sulfate monohydrate is according to mass ratio 5:0.7:0.2:0.07：0.5:0.09 mixes.
Described fish meal is peru fish meal, crude protein content >=67%.
Described wall material is maltodextrin, gelatin, starch octenyl succinate anhydride, chitosan according to mass ratio 3.1:
2.3:.5.2:1.3 mix.
Described red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following preparation process：
1) fish meal, krill meal, corn protein powder mixing, add 1.3 times of clear water, obtain compound, be inoculated with 6% leavening,
Fermentation, obtains fermentation material, 75 DEG C of steam treatment 1.2h is passed through in fermentation material, obtain material 1；
2) material 1, brewer's yeast, dogfish oil, Choline Chloride, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture mixing, low temperature surpass
Crushing of Ultrafine, dogfish oil, linseed oil mixing are added, obtains material 2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the mass of 16% material 2 are added in material 2
Water mixing 16min, rotating speed 390r/min, 11min being cut, rotating speed is pelletized for 2800r/min, and wall material is dissolved with 45% ethanol,
Spraying, coating, drying.
Described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes.
Described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes according to mass ratio 2:3:0.5
Mixing, wherein the living bacteria count of every kind of bacterium >=3.0 hundred million/g.
Embodiment 3
A kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 65g, krill meal 20g, beer
Yeast 10g, dogfish oil 8g, corn protein powder 7g, linseed oil 6g, wall material 3g, lecithin 2g, Choline Chloride 2g, carboxymethyl
Sodium cellulosate 1g, vitamin mixtures 1g, mineral mixture 1g.
Described vitamin mixtures, be by vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B12,
Vitamin D, vitamin K are according to mass ratio 5:1.5:1.3:2.8:5:7:2 mix.
Described mineral mixture, be by sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate,
Magnesium sulfate monohydrate is according to mass ratio 7:1.2:0.3:0.1:0.7:0.12 mixes.
Described fish meal is peru fish meal, crude protein content >=67%.
Described wall material is maltodextrin, gelatin, starch octenyl succinate anhydride, chitosan according to mass ratio 3.5:3:
5.7:1.5 mix.
Described red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, including following preparation process：
1) fish meal, krill meal, corn protein powder mixing, add 1.5 times of clear water, obtain compound, be inoculated with 7% leavening,
Fermentation, obtains fermentation material, 80 DEG C of steam treatment 2h is passed through in fermentation material, obtain material 1；
2) material 1, brewer's yeast, dogfish oil, Choline Chloride, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture mixing, low temperature surpass
Crushing of Ultrafine, dogfish oil, linseed oil mixing are added, obtains material 2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the mass of 17% material 2 are added in material 2
Water mixing 17min, rotating speed 400r/min, 12min being cut, rotating speed is pelletized for 3000r/min, and wall material is dissolved with 50% ethanol,
Spraying, coating, drying.
Described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes.
Described leavening is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes according to mass ratio 2:3:0.5
Mixing, wherein the living bacteria count of every kind of bacterium >=3.0 hundred million/g.
Embodiment 4
Embodiment 4 is identical with the formula of embodiment 3, preparation process difference be fish meal, krill meal, corn protein powder without
Everfermentation processing.
Embodiment 5
Embodiment 5 is not that the wall material used in embodiment 5 is gelatin but with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 6
The difference of embodiment 6 and embodiment 3 is that the leavening used in embodiment 6 is lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes according to etc. mass mixing, wherein the living bacteria count of every kind of bacterium >=3.0 hundred million/g
Experimental example
1st, microcapsules ocular estimate
Method according to embodiment 1-6 prepares red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, and the method for reference literature report is (in thanking
State, Wang Furong, Luo Yushuan, difference wall material micro-encapsulated diets is waited to the growth of spotted maigre postlarva and influence [J] of digestive enzyme activity
Aquatile journal, 2015,39 (1):52-57.) measure that different embodiments prepare feed includes rate, as a result as shown in table 1.
The micro-encapsulated diet of table 1 includes rate, lipid embedding rate and yield
| Include rate % | Lipid embedding rate % | Nitrogen retention rate % | Yield % | |
| Embodiment 1 | 96.3 | 78.4 | 65.2 | 97.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 95.7 | 77.2 | 67.9 | 98.6 |
| Embodiment 3 | 96.2 | 76.9 | 64.3 | 98.2 |
| Embodiment 4 | 95.5 | 78.0 | 62.1 | 96.5 |
| Embodiment 5 | 94.6 | 65.7 | 54.3 | 95.3 |
| Embodiment 6 | 96.2 | 76.9 | 63.5 | 97.5 |
As shown in Table 1, the present invention is due to using compound wall materialses so that the Microcapsules Size of preparation is distributed in 178-590 μm
Account for 70%, a large amount of dust (<150 μm) and bulky grain (>840 μm) feed produces, and Feed Energy meets the Particle size requirements of ingesting of postlarva,
It has been observed that the surface of microcapsule prepared has one layer of comparatively dense coating film under Electronic Speculum, form is uniform, and coating is complete,
67.9% is up to the embedding rate of lipid, yield is up to 98.6%.
2nd, application effect
Method according to embodiment 1-6 prepares red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, application number CN201010201756.4
《Compound feed of tilapia》The feed of preparation as a control group, carries out measure of the feed to red tilapia postlarva growth effect.
Experimental subjects：From build is close, healthy, energy is strong, microscopy is without parasite, long 5.00cm of average body or so,
Average weight 2.00g or so the tail of Malaysian red tilapia 1050, is divided into 7 groups；
Test method：1-6 groups feed feed prepared by embodiment 1-6, and the 7th group is fed feed prepared by control group, is fed respectively
Malaysian red tilapia, put in a suitable place to breed after raising and train 7d in indoor cement pit in (1m × 1m × 1.5m), raise 53d.
After off-test, its every growth indexes of results of regular determination, such as body length, body weight, survival rate, resistance to low temperature.
After off-test, stop raising 24h, claim gross weight, calculate total feeding amount, rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient.
After culture experiment terminates, each experimental group takes the tail of fish 20 in foam thermal insulation box (100cm × 50cm × 50cm), and 7
Totally 7 foam boxs are organized, cooling stress tests are carried out after hungry 24h, water temperature is slowly dropped to 12 DEG C, fish is recorded after stable 0.5h
Activity situation and death toll, then 11 DEG C are slowly dropped to, same operation, then 10 DEG C are down to, record is performed, is finally down to 9 DEG C.
Influence of the DIFFERENT FEED of table 2 to Malaysian red tilapia growth indexes
| Counterpoise g/ tails before raising | Counterpoise g/ tails before raising | Survival rate rate % | |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.49 | 18.72 | 92 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.47 | 18.53 | 93 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.50 | 18.03 | 91 |
| Embodiment 4 | 0.48 | 15.18 | 85 |
| Embodiment 5 | 0.49 | 16.75 | 88 |
| Embodiment 6 | 0.46 | 16.01 | 84 |
| Control group | 0.47 | 15.42 | 85 |
Influence (%) of the DIFFERENT FEED of table 3 to survival rate under Malaysian red tilapia low temperature
| 12.4℃ | 12.1℃ | 11.5℃ | 10.6℃ | 9.3℃ | |
| Embodiment 1 | 100 | 80.7 | 77.7 | 75.3 | 70.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 100 | 81.2 | 78.0 | 74.3 | 70.8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 100 | 80.5 | 76.5 | 75.1 | 70.5 |
| Embodiment 4 | 92 | 75.1 | 68.3 | 50.2 | 40.3 |
| Embodiment 5 | 91 | 73.4 | 70.4 | 46.1 | 38.0 |
| Embodiment 6 | 90 | 75.8 | 66.7 | 45.5 | 36.0 |
| Control group | 90 | 75.3 | 65.3 | 0 | 0 |
Found by above analysis, feed prepared by the present invention, pass through certain material rate, inoculation fermentation mixed fermentation
Agent so that the small peptide content of its fish meal of the feed of preparation reaches 27.67%, and VBN is only 40.5mg/100g, total antioxygen
Change capability improving more than 72.3%, the content lifting more than 29.75% of limiting amino acid, improve fish meal and other raw materials
Utilization rate and absorptivity, improve the immunity and Survival of low temperature rate of Tilapia mossambica.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet, it is characterised in that including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 2-100 parts, phosphorus
Shrimp med 1-70 parts, brewer's yeast 1-50 parts, dogfish oil 0.1-30 parts, corn protein powder 1-30 parts, linseed oil 1-30 parts, wall
Material 1-20 parts, lecithin 0.1-20 parts, Choline Chloride 0.5-10 parts, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.1-10 parts, vitamin mixtures
0.1-5 parts, mineral mixture 0.1-5 parts.
2. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described red tilapia postlarva is micro-
Capsule feed, including following mass parts raw material：Fish meal 50-65 parts, krill meal 10-20 parts, brewer's yeast 5-10 parts, dogfish oil
2-8 parts, corn protein powder 3-7 parts, linseed oil 4-6 parts, wall material 2-3 parts, lecithin 0.5-2 parts, Choline Chloride 1-2 parts, carboxylic
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose pyce 0.5-1 parts, vitamin mixtures 0.5-1 parts, mineral mixture 0.5-1 parts.
3. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described vitamin mixtures,
It is according to mass ratio 3- by vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin K
5:1-1.5:0.8-1.3:2-2.8:4-5:3-7:1-2 is mixed.
4. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described mineral mixture,
It is according to mass ratio 2-7 by sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate:0.5-
1.2:0.1-0.3:0.05-0.1：0.2-0.7:0.05-0.12 is mixed.
5. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described fish meal is Peru fish
Powder, crude protein content >=67%.
6. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described wall material is pasted for malt
Essence, gelatin, starch octenyl succinate anhydride, chitosan are according to mass ratio 3-3.5:2-3:5-5.7:1.2-1.5 mix.
7. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including following preparation process：
1) fish meal, krill meal, corn protein powder mixing, add 1.2-1.5 times of clear water, obtain compound, be inoculated with 5-7% fermentation
Agent, fermentation, obtains fermentation material, 70-80 DEG C of steam treatment 1-2h is passed through in fermentation material, obtains material 1；
2) material 1, brewer's yeast, dogfish oil, Choline Chloride, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture mixing, low-temperature submicron powder
It is broken, dogfish oil, linseed oil mixing are added, obtains material 2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in material 2,15-17% expects the water of 2 mass
15-17min, rotating speed 380-400r/min are mixed, cuts 10-12min, rotating speed is pelletized for 2700-3000r/min, and wall material is used
40-50% ethanol dissolves, spraying, coating, drying.
8. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described leavening is acidophilus breast
Bacillus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes.
9. red tilapia postlarva micro-encapsulated diet as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described leavening is acidophilus breast
Bacillus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus lactis Mixed Microbes are according to mass ratio 2:3:0.5 mixing, wherein the living bacteria count of every kind of bacterium
>=3.0 hundred million/g.
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| CN112167121A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-05 | 国家能源集团新疆开都河流域水电开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating long-body plateau loach fry |
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