CN107566918A - A kind of low delay under video distribution scene takes the neutrel extraction of root - Google Patents
A kind of low delay under video distribution scene takes the neutrel extraction of root Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the low delay under a kind of video distribution scene to take the neutrel extraction of root, including net cast scene process module, video forwarding scene process module and video request program scene process module；The net cast scene process module is used to realize that low delay takes neutrel to open function under net cast scene；The video forwarding scene process module is used to realize that the lower low delay of video forwarding takes neutrel to open function, and processing is modified to PTS, DTS；The video request program scene process module is used to realize that low delay takes neutrel to open function under video request program.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to net cast and program request technology, the low delay being related under a kind of video distribution scene takes neutrel evolution
Method.
Background technology
With becoming increasingly popular for mobile 4G networks and smart mobile phone, and Internet user consumes content and interactive mode
Upgrading, except audio frequency and video forwarding service itself business function and concurrency performance, experience of the user for video real-time will
Seek also more and more higher.At present, the real-time of video distribution and fluency also begin to turn into the important indicator of user's concern, and
Most intuitively experience.
At present, the audio-video collection and playback terminal of various different hardware abilities how are adapted to, how to ensure audio frequency and video point
The real-time facile transport of hair has become study hotspot and the challenge in Streaming Media field.
The net cast of main flow and program request technology at present, are primarily present following problem：Under net cast scene, head screens
Load time is grown, or the first screen second opens the phenomenon that still video pictures but show F.F.；Under video request program scene, playing progress rate
Blank screen caused by controlling related streams handover operation loads and played original position and specified location in user not parity problem, sternly
The experience of user is reduced again.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the low delay under a kind of video distribution scene to take the neutrel extraction of root.This method can
Compatible net cast at present and VOD system, including collection, server and playback terminal, and low delay can ensured
Under the premise of, significantly improve the real-time of video.
The present invention includes net cast scene process module, video forwarding scene process module and video request program scene process
Module；
The net cast scene process module is used to realize that low delay takes neutrel to open function under net cast scene；
Video forwarding scene process module is used to realizing that the lower low delay of video forwarding to take neutrel to open function, and to PTS,
DTS is modified processing；
The video request program scene process module is used to realize that low delay takes neutrel to open function under video request program.
The net cast scene process module performs following steps：
Step 1-1, collection terminal caches an image sequence since the nearest I frames, at most caches a GOP frame sequence,
Carry out step 1-2；
If step 1-2, collection terminal receives service ending order, step 1-8 is carried out；Otherwise, collection terminal is by sensor
The audio frequency and video original frame data of collection is compressed coding by software or hardware coder, and the frame of video after coding is entered
Row caching, when present frame be I frames, clear history caching frame immediately, so as to update GOP frame sequences, collection terminal monitoring network company
State is connect, carries out step 1-3；
Step 1-3, end or when taking stream to ask of forwarding service end are played when collection terminal receives, goes to step 1-4；It is no
Then, step 1-2 is carried out；
Step 1-4, if collection terminal supports I frame dynamic generations, go to step 1-5；Otherwise, step 1-6 is carried out；
Step 1-5, collection terminal forces generation I frames, and clear history caching frame immediately, and caches newest I frames, then can be true
The first frame that warranty family receives is I frames；Display can be decoded immediately because broadcasting termination receives I frames.Broadcast so will not increase
Put the extra delay that end decoder waits first I frames arrival just to proceed by decoding；Come back for step 1-2；
Step 1-6, collection terminal send the GOP frame sequences in caching, it is ensured that the first frame that user receives is I frames, and realization takes
Neutrel is opened；
Step 1-7, while change the timestamp DTS and PTS of the GOP frame sequences in the caching of transmission, i.e., by DTS and PTS
Once it is incremented by minimum time stamp increment δ with frame of videoDTS、δPTS, if increment is δDTS=1, δPTS=0, δDTS、δPTSRepresent respectively
DTS minimum time stamp increment and PTS minimum time stamp increment, realize actively quick decoding and stealthy fast-forward functionality, until
Untill GOP cachings are removed and updated by new I frames, recover the timestamp of normal play；Come back for step 1-2；
Step 1-8, collection terminal stop service.
The video forwarding scene process module performs following steps：
Step 2-1, forwarding service end empties GOP frame sequence order cachings, and accesses collection terminal, carries out taking stream；
If step 2-2, forwarding service end receives service ending order, step 2-6 is carried out；Otherwise step 2-3 is carried out；
Step 2-3, video DTS, PTS rate of change is monitored, when detecting that actively decoding accelerates and stealthy GOP frame sequences
The input GOP frame sequences of F.F., i.e. timestamp interframe increment δDTS、δPTSIncrement is stabbed for minimum time, if increment is δDTS=1,
δPTS=0, carry out step 2-4；Otherwise continue to monitor, carry out step 2-5；
Step 2-4, according to history DTS, PTS rate of change, i.e. interframe increment history average τDTS、τPTS, τDTS、 τPTS
DTS interframe increment history average and PTS interframe increment history average are represented respectively, are corrected in current GOP frame sequences
The timestamp of frame of video, i.e. DTSk=DTSk-1+τDTS；PTSk=PTSk-1+τPTS, wherein DTSkFor the DTS of kth frame, PTSkFor
The PTS of k frames；It is transferred to step 2-2；
Step 2-5, update current DTS, PTS rate of change；It is transferred to step 2-2.
Step 2-6, collection terminal stop service.
The video request program scene process module performs following steps：
Step 3-1, internal memory mapping is carried out to program request file；
Step 3-2, if forwarding service end receives service ending order, carry out step 3-7；Otherwise service end is forwarded
Control of the monitoring users to video playback progress, when monitoring that user carries out stream switching, step 3-3 is carried out, if do not monitored
Arrive, then continue to monitor whether receive service ending order；
Step 3-3, GOP frame sequence original positions where reorientation program request file reading position to user institute switch frame, enters
Row step 3-4；
Step 3-4, the remaining time stamp of GOP frame sequences described in accelerating step 3-3, i.e., change GOP frame sequences simultaneously
Timestamp DTS and PTS, DTS and PTS is once incremented by minimum time stamp increment δ with frame of videoDTS、δPTS, if increment is δDTS=
1、δPTS=0, quick broadcasting is realized, untill user's switch frame, recovers the timestamp of normal play；Carry out step 3-5.
Step 3-5, frame of video is cached, when present frame is I frames, clear history caching frame immediately, so as to update
GOP frame sequences, carry out step 3-6；
Step 3-6, the residue frame during GOP is cached are transmitted successively；Carry out step 3-2；
Step 3-7, collection terminal stop service.
Video sequence can be regarded as a framing (I, P, B) combination.Wherein, I frames (Intra Frame, intraframe coding
Frame) in data can be with self-described, you can the complete image of decoded present frame is individually carried out according to the information of I frames；
B frames (Bi-Directional Interpolated Prediction Frame, bi-directional predicted interpolation coding frame) and P frames
(Predictive-Frame, forward-predictive-coded frames) are required for could be by currently with reference to other kinds of one or more frames
Frame decoding comes out；GOP (Group of Picture, frame sequence) be by I frames, be followed by one group of P frame or B frames, until
The sequence of the previous frame composition of next I frames, broadcasting end can play first frame and be necessary for I frames, and colored screen otherwise occurs
Phenomenon, at the same it is unrelated between each GOP, and encoding and decoding are independent mutually each other；Each frame of video having time stamp, is used for
Control decoding and display, respectively DTS (Decode Timestamp) and PTS (Presentation Timestamp)；Its
In, DTS is used to identifying the time that frame of video is sent into decoder decoding, and PTS is used to identifying when decoded video frame shown
Between.
When audio frequency and video transmitting terminal carries out data transmission function is opened, it is necessary to prop up and capture neutrel；GOP cachings are supported, that is, are sent
When end sends data first, triggering encoder encodes I frames immediately, generates new GOP；If transmitting terminal does not support dynamic coding,
Then need to cache GOP, it is ensured that the first frame that service end receives is I frames；Support GOP actively decoding accelerate, i.e., when pair
During outer transmission GOP data, if transmitting terminal has new coded data generation, the decoded time stamp for not playing frame in GOP is changed
DTS, and the GOP for actively accelerating to send caching is to current real-time coding frame, without with play end have it is any interact, also
It is to say, for playing end, GOP, which is actively played, to be accelerated to be transparent；Meanwhile the display of frame is not played in GOP by changing
Timestamp PTS, decoding accelerator is hidden to user, realizes stealthy F.F. effect.Support divides each frame bit stream data
Piece, it is reassembled as network packet；Network packet can be sent with interval, until ceased communication；During the interval
Between need the size according to current network packet, affiliated frame packet number, network bandwidth, delay requirement and frame
Between be spaced in real time calculate obtain.
Service end is equally also required to support GOP Buffer forwardings, actively decoding acceleration and stealthy F.F. mechanism, is detecting
When reaching the standard grade, recovering to play after reconnection or pause of end is played, sends the I frames in GOP cachings immediately, it is ensured that request end receives
The first frame be I frames, and need to complete the data that are sended over to collection terminal and carry out non-first GOP and carry out PTS, DTS recovering,
Prevent picture F.F. phenomenon in client terminal playing.
Here is that the relevant explanation of professional term concept is commonly used in the present invention：
Collection terminal：Audio-video signal source, such as camera, it is mainly used in gathering original audio, video data and is transmitted；
Network sends buffering area：, can be according to the big of buffering area remaining data with to be sent for temporary cache data
It is small, estimate network condition；
Forward service end：Data receiver, caching, transcoding and sending function are provided；
Play end：Can playing audio-video code stream equipment or software, it is main complete audio-video frequency data network receive, conversion,
The function of storing, decode and show；
GOP：GROUP OF PICTURES (picture group), i.e., the most long sequence of frames of video started with key frame, and this is regarded
Have in frequency frame sequence and an only key frame.
Beneficial effect：The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage：(1) can not only realize takes neutrel to open, and
And be additionally delayed caused by GOP cachings eliminating, the phenomenon of video playback picture F.F. is avoided, is obviously improved Consumer's Experience.
(2) first under net cast scene, collection terminal and forwarding service end realize GOP Buffer forwarding strategies, it is ensured that play end and receive
The first frame arrived is forever I frames, takes neutrel to open so as to realize；(3) acceleration strategy is actively decoded secondly by GOP, can be effective
Remove the constant time lag for one GOP duration of maximum that GOP cachings introduce；(4) next, by using stealthy F.F. mechanism, go
Broadcasting pictures F.F. phenomenon caused by accelerating except decoding；(5) finally, under video request program scene, GOP cachings are mapped directly into
Program request document misregistration, when stream switching caused by detecting user and being controlled to playing progress rate, it is relocated to user and is switched
GOP where frame, then carrying out GOP, actively decoding accelerates and stealthy F.F. strategy, realization take neutrel to open, eliminate current main-stream
Switch display picture blank screen when flowing in solution or play original position and specified location in user not parity problem.
The present invention relates to the encoding and decoding of video data, caching, editor and transmission distribution technology, one kind is related specifically to
Based on GOP Buffer forwardings, actively the audio frequency and video low delay of decoding and stealthy F.F. mechanism takes the neutrel extraction of root.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is done with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and further illustrated, it is of the invention above-mentioned or
Otherwise advantage will become apparent.
Fig. 1 GOP frame of video examples.
Low delay takes neutrel to open function treatment flow under Fig. 2 live scenes.
Fig. 3 service end PTS/DTS correcting process flows.
Low delay takes neutrel to open handling process under Fig. 4 program request scenes.
The low delay that Fig. 5 is the present invention takes neutrel to open Contrast on effect analysis schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1, the low delay under a kind of video distribution scene of the invention takes the implementation of the neutrel extraction of root, is based primarily upon
GOP Buffer forwardings, actively decoding accelerate and stealthy F.F. mechanism, wherein, GOP (Group of Picture, frame sequence) be by
I frames start, and are followed by one group of P frame or B frames, and until the sequence that the previous frame of next I frames forms, playing end can broadcast
Put first frame and be necessary for I frames, Huaping phenomenon otherwise occurs, at the same it is unrelated between each GOP, and encoding and decoding are equal each other
It is independent mutually；Each frame of video having time stamp, for controlling decoding and display, respectively DTS (Decode Timestamp)
With PTS (Presentation Timestamp)；Wherein, DTS is used to identify the time that frame of video is sent into decoder decoding, PTS
The time shown for identifying decoded video frame.
With reference to Fig. 2, under net cast scene, by net cast scene process module realize branch capture neutrel open it is same
When, do not increase additionally to be delayed and eliminate caused by caching and accelerate decoding to cause broadcasting pictures F.F., it is as follows to perform step：
(a) collection terminal safeguards an image sequence since the nearest I frames, at most caches a GOP, carries out (b)；
(b) collection terminal renewal GOP, and connection status is monitored, carry out (c)；
(c) when receiving broadcasting end or when taking stream to ask of service end, go to (d)；Otherwise, (b) is carried out；
(d) when collection terminal support I frame dynamic generations, go to (e)；Otherwise, (f) is carried out；
(e) collection terminal forces generation I frames, and GOP is removed and updated, then ensures that the first frame that user receives is I frames, and
Extra delay will not be increased；Carry out (b)；
(f) collection terminal sends the GOP frames in caching, it is ensured that the first frame that user receives is I frames.Realization takes neutrel to open；Enter
Row (g)；
(g) while GOP the timestamp DTS and PTS is changed, realizes actively quick decoding and stealthy fast-forward functionality, until
Untill GOP cachings are removed and updated by new I frames, recover the timestamp of normal play；Finally since next GOP, do not have
Additionally it is delayed caused by GOP is cached；Carry out (b)；
With reference to Fig. 3, forwarding service end can be considered a kind of special collection in special data source for playing end
End, therefore forwarding service end is equally also required to support GOP Buffer forwardings, active decoding accelerates and stealthy F.F. mechanism, and volume
The outer data for needing to complete to send over collection terminal carry out non-first GOP and carry out PTS, DTS recovery, prevent client
Picture F.F. phenomenon in broadcasting, scene process module is forwarded to realize that the lower low delay of video forwarding takes neutrel to open function by video,
And processing is modified to PTS, DTS, it is as follows to perform step：
(a) service end initialization GOP order cachings are forwarded；Carry out (b)；
(b) collection terminal is accessed, carries out taking stream, carries out (c)；
(c) video DTS/PTS rate of changes are detected, are gone to (d)；
(d) when detecting the GOP actively input GOP of decoding acceleration and stealthy F.F., carry out (e)；Otherwise it is transferred to (c)；
(e) according to history DTS/PTS rate of changes, the timestamp of frame of video in current GOP is corrected；It is transferred to (c)；
(f) current DTS/PTS rate of changes are updated, and correct the timestamp of frame of video in current GOP；It is transferred to (c).
With reference to Fig. 4, under video request program scene while stream low delay is taken, be not in picture blank screen or play start bit
The method with specified location in user not parity problem is put, i.e., is realized by video request program scene process module low under video request program
Delay takes neutrel to open function, and it is as follows to perform step：
(a) program request file carries out internal memory mapping, carries out (b)；
(b) control of the service end monitoring users to playing progress rate；When carrying out stream switching, carry out (c)；Otherwise, it is transferred to
(e)；
(c) GOP original positions where relocating file reading position to user institute switch frame, carry out (d)；
(d) change the GOP timestamps, realize it is quick play, untill user's switch frame, recover normal play when
Between stab；Final next GOP starts, and is not delayed additionally caused by GOP is cached；Carry out (e)；
(e) frame of video is cached, when present frame is I frames, clear history caching frame immediately, so as to update GOP frames
Sequence；Carry out (f)；
(f) residue frame during GOP is cached is transmitted successively；Carry out (b).
The present invention is mainly achieved by the steps of low delay and takes neutrel to open：
The first step, GOP Buffer forwardings, i.e., cache to GOP, captures neutrel so as to prop up and opens.Due to playing end connection clothes
The time of business end or collection terminal is not fixed, so generally, being connected when playing end caused by coding among GOP
Server, then P frames or B frames can be obtained first, and obtained frame can only continuously be abandoned until first new I frame by playing end
Arrival could decode, so can cause client, reproduction time is elongated first, up to the duration as previous complete GOP.One
As solution be that transmitting terminal caches a complete GOP, until next I frames, encoded when playing end in current collection terminal
When being received among GOP, collection terminal preferentially sends the GOP of caching, so that it is guaranteed that it is I frames to play first picture frame that end receives,
But although can cause to play end can realize and take neutrel to hold simultaneously, can be introduced while reduction takes stream to load at most
One complete GOP constant transmissions delay；
Second step, actively decoding accelerates GOP, i.e., by changing GOP decoded time stamp DTS, accelerates to play the decoding speed at end
Degree, quick decoding to latest frame, it can effectively remove the constant time lag that GOP caches the one GOP duration of maximum introduced；
3rd step, double GOP stealths F.F.s, i.e., by changing GOP Presentation Time Stamp PTS, hide and decode acceleration frame, can
Remove broadcasting pictures F.F. phenomenon caused by decoding accelerates.
With reference to Fig. 5, low delay of the invention takes neutrel to open Contrast on effect and is analyzed as follows：A length of T, user during setting video GOP
Time interval of the current switch frame away from previous I frames recently is designated as τ, 0≤τ≤T to accelerate duration.Assuming that user's switch frame takes
From being uniformly distributed, i.e.,Then averagely accelerate duration It is then average normal
It is a length of when fast
If (a) not using any strategy, the constant speed durations to be averaged such as user averagely needs, i.e.,It could load
Go out first picture；
If (b) only with GOP Buffer forwarding strategies, the constant speed durations to be averaged such as user averagely needs, i.e.,Ability
Load out first picture；
If (c) actively decoding acceleration strategy only with GOP Buffer forwardings strategy and GOP, user averagely needs
When a length of 0, but user interface occur decoding accelerate caused by broadcasting pictures F.F. phenomenon；
If (d) using completed policy provided by the invention, and actively decoding accelerates plan by GOP Buffer forwardings strategy, GOP
Slightly and double GOP stealths F.F. strategies, then user averagely need waiting time be 0, while hide decoding decoding accelerate mistake
Journey, realize that video i.e. point is put, no buffering is no-delay, no picture F.F..
The invention provides the low delay under a kind of video distribution scene to take the neutrel extraction of root, implements the technical scheme
Method and approach it is a lot, described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
Enter and retouch and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.The available prior art of each part being not known in the present embodiment
Realized.
Claims (4)
1. the low delay under a kind of video distribution scene takes the neutrel extraction of root, it is characterised in that including net cast scene process
Module, video forwarding scene process module and video request program scene process module；
The net cast scene process module is used to realize that low delay takes neutrel to open function under net cast scene；
The video forwarding scene process module is used to realize that the lower low delay of video forwarding takes neutrel to open function, and to PTS, DTS
It is modified processing；
The video request program scene process module is used to realize that low delay takes neutrel to open function under video request program.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the net cast scene process module performs following step
Suddenly：
Step 1-1, collection terminal caches an image sequence since the nearest I frames, at most caches a GOP frame sequence；
If step 1-2, collection terminal receives service ending order, step 1-8 is carried out；Otherwise, collection terminal is by video sensor
The original frame data of collection is compressed coding, and the frame of video after coding is cached, when present frame is I frames, immediately
Clear history caching frame, so as to update GOP frame sequences, collection terminal monitoring network connection status, carry out step 1-3；
Step 1-3, end or when taking stream to ask of forwarding service end are played when collection terminal receives, goes to step 1-4；Otherwise, enter
Row step 1-2；
Step 1-4, if collection terminal supports I frame dynamic generations, go to step 1-5；Otherwise, step 1-6 is carried out；
Step 1-5, collection terminal forces generation I frames, and clear history caching frame immediately, and caches newest I frames, it is ensured that user receives
The first frame be I frames, come back for step 1-2；
Step 1-6, collection terminal send the GOP frame sequences in caching, it is ensured that the first frame that user receives is I frames, and realization takes neutrel
Open；
Step 1-7, while change the timestamp DTS and PTS of the GOP frame sequences in the caching of transmission, i.e., by DTS and PTS with regarding
Frequency frame is once incremented by minimum time stamp increment δDTS、δPTS, actively quick decoding and stealthy fast-forward functionality are realized, until GOP is cached
Untill being removed and updated by new I frames, recover the timestamp of normal play；Come back for step 1-2；
Step 1-8, collection terminal stop service.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that the video forwarding scene process module performs following step
Suddenly：
Step 2-1, forwarding service end empties GOP frame sequence order cachings, and accesses collection terminal, carries out taking stream；
If step 2-2, forwarding service end receives service ending order, step 2-6 is carried out；Otherwise step 2-3 is carried out；
Step 2-3, video DTS, PTS rate of change is monitored, is accelerated and stealthy F.F. when detecting that GOP frame sequences actively decode
Input GOP frame sequences, i.e. timestamp interframe increment δDTS、δPTSIncrement is stabbed for minimum time, carries out step 2-4；Otherwise continue to supervise
Survey, carry out step 2-5；
Step 2-4, according to history DTS, PTS rate of change, i.e. interframe increment history average τDTS、τPTS, correct current GOP frames
The timestamp of frame of video, i.e. DTS in sequencek=DTSk-1+τDTS；PTSk=PTSk-1+τPTS, wherein DTSkFor the DTS of kth frame,
PTSkFor the PTS of kth frame；It is transferred to step 2-2；
Step 2-5, update current DTS, PTS rate of change；It is transferred to step 2-2；
Step 2-6, collection terminal stop service.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the video request program scene process module performs following step
Suddenly：
Step 3-1, internal memory mapping is carried out to program request file；
Step 3-2, if forwarding service end receives service ending order, carry out step 3-7；Otherwise forward service end to monitor to use
Control of the family to video playback progress, when monitoring that user carries out stream switching, step 3-3 is carried out, if do not monitored, after
Whether continuous monitoring receives service ending order；
Step 3-3, GOP frame sequence original positions where reorientation program request file reading position to user institute switch frame, is walked
Rapid 3-4；
Step 3-4, GOP frame sequences timestamp described in amendment step 3-3, i.e., simultaneously change GOP frame sequences timestamp DTS and
PTS, DTS and PTS is once incremented by minimum time stamp increment δ with frame of videoDTS、δPTS, quick broadcasting is realized, until user switches
Untill frame, recover the timestamp of normal play；Carry out step 3-5；
Step 3-5, frame of video is cached, when present frame is I frames, clear history caching frame immediately, so as to update GOP frames
Sequence, carry out step 3-6；
Step 3-6, the residue frame during GOP is cached are transmitted successively；Carry out step 3-2；
Step 3-7, collection terminal stop service.
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| CN111436009B (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2023-10-27 | 厦门雅迅网络股份有限公司 | Real-time video stream transmission and display method and transmission and play system |
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| CN113395581A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-14 | 北京字跳网络技术有限公司 | Audio playing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN113395581B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2023-07-25 | 北京字跳网络技术有限公司 | Audio playing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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