CN107565549B - Power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement - Google Patents

Power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement Download PDF

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CN107565549B
CN107565549B CN201710795884.8A CN201710795884A CN107565549B CN 107565549 B CN107565549 B CN 107565549B CN 201710795884 A CN201710795884 A CN 201710795884A CN 107565549 B CN107565549 B CN 107565549B
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CN107565549A (en
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黄河
陆超
胡荣
林俊杰
姚海成
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Tsinghua University
China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
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China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units

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Abstract

The invention provides a power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement, and belongs to the field of power system operation and control. Firstly, establishing a power system network topology analysis rule; obtaining PMU measurement data of all stations of a certain section power grid, wherein the PMU measurement data comprises a voltage amplitude phase angle and a current amplitude phase angle of an inlet wire and an outlet wire of each station and a bus; for each station, acquiring corresponding no-current thresholds of all incoming and outgoing lines in sequence, and judging whether the line is stopped; judging whether bad data exist in the station incoming and outgoing line current measurement or not by using a bad data threshold; if no bad data exists, searching whether a binary set meeting the conditions exists in the station incoming and outgoing line current data set: if so, the station is equivalent to 2 nodes; otherwise, the number of the nodes is 1; and obtaining the whole power grid topology analysis result. The method utilizes the power grid synchronous vector measurement technology, is not influenced by whether the acquisition switching value is correct or not, and can quickly and accurately acquire the network topology structure of the power system.

Description

Power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of operation and control of power systems, and particularly relates to a power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement.
Background
The network topology analysis technology of the power system is a key technology of the operation and control technology of the power system, and the correct topology analysis result is the basic requirement of the normal operation of a power grid.
Conventional network topology analysis generally consists of two parts: the first step is plant station topology analysis, namely primary equipment connected through a zero-impedance branch is converged into a node for calculation according to states of a circuit breaker and a disconnecting link in a plant station; the second step is system network analysis, i.e. dividing the computational nodes connected by impedance branches into electrical islands. After decades of researches, the topology analysis based on the remote signaling is greatly developed, but the following problems still exist, firstly, the data source adopted by the topology analysis is single, and only the switching value information of the remote signaling is utilized; secondly, the refresh period of remote signaling is second level, and the real-time performance is not enough; thirdly, the remote signaling has no time scale, the synchronism is poor, the reliability is not enough, and once the switching value of the remote signaling is wrong, topology errors can be caused.
The synchronous Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a new generation of power grid data measurement device, compared with the traditional measurement device, the PMU can acquire data with better synchronism and faster refreshing frequency, the PMU can provide switching value information, analog quantity (current and power) on a switch and current/voltage phasor measurement information on an incoming line and an outgoing line, the data refreshing period can reach ten milliseconds, and a new data source is provided for network topology analysis. However, research on network topology analysis based on PMU is still started, and the reliability of related algorithms is not high.
In summary, at present, network topologies used by various analysis and calculation are still obtained according to remote signaling data, and the switching value is also used in the existing PMU-based topology analysis method, so that detailed electrical connection relationships inside each plant station need to be known. The technology for realizing the network topology analysis which does not depend on the switching value but only depends on PMU analog quantity data is still blank at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement. The invention utilizes the synchronous vector measurement technology of the power grid, is not influenced by whether the acquired switching value is correct or not, and can quickly and accurately acquire the network topology structure of the power system.
The invention provides a power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) establishing a power system network topology analysis rule;
according to kirchhoff's current law, when no bad data exists in the current measurement of all incoming and outgoing lines of a station, the following rule is established:
rule 1 the absolute value of the sum of all in and out line currents is less than the bad data threshold η1；
Rule 2, if the plant is equivalent to 2 nodes marked as node a and node B, the absolute value of the sum of the currents of the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to the node a is smaller than the set threshold η2The remaining incoming and outgoing lines belong to node B, and the absolute value of the sum of the currents is less than a set threshold η3；
Rule 3 all incoming and outgoing lines belonging to node A have voltage amplitude range less than set threshold η4Phase angle range less than set threshold η5The voltage amplitude range of all the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to the node B is less than a set threshold η6Phase angle range less than set threshold η5；
Rule 4 if the current magnitude on an incoming and outgoing line is greater than the no current threshold η for that line7If the line is in the running state, otherwise, the line is in the shutdown state;
2) acquiring all synchronous phasor measurement unit measurement data of all stations of a power grid of a certain section, wherein the measurement data comprises voltage amplitude phase angles and current amplitude phase angles of all incoming and outgoing lines and buses of each station;
3) selecting any station in the power grid, wherein all incoming and outgoing line currents of the station are expressed as
Figure BDA0001400325270000021
The voltage is expressed as
Figure BDA00014003252700000211
Wherein, the upper end of the symbol represents that the measured data is phasor, namely the measured data comprises amplitude and phase angle; l1, L2 … Ln is the number of each access line, n represents the total number of access lines,
Figure BDA0001400325270000022
Figure BDA0001400325270000023
respectively represents phase A, phase B, phase C and positive sequence;
4) sequentially acquiring the line rated current amplitude I of all incoming and outgoing lines of the station selected in the step 3)NL1, L2 … Ln, respectively, and calculating the no-current threshold η corresponding to each incoming/outgoing line7The expression is as follows:
η7＝5％×IN
judging whether each incoming and outgoing line is out of service, if the current amplitude of a certain incoming and outgoing line is larger than the no-current threshold η corresponding to the line7When the line is in operation, marking the state of the line in and out as operation; otherwise, stopping the operation;
5) determining whether the absolute value of the sum of all incoming and outgoing line currents of the plant is less than the bad data threshold η1: if it is
Figure BDA0001400325270000024
If the current measurement data of the incoming and outgoing lines of the station does not have bad data, entering step 6); otherwise, indicating that bad data exist in the incoming and outgoing line current measurement data of the station, terminating topology analysis, returning to the step 2), and re-acquiring the measurement data of the synchronous phasor measurement unit of the next section;
6) if it is
Figure BDA0001400325270000025
There are two mutually exclusive non-empty subsets
Figure BDA0001400325270000026
And
Figure BDA0001400325270000027
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0001400325270000028
Such a subset is referred to as
Figure BDA0001400325270000029
Is searched for
Figure BDA00014003252700000210
And (4) judging whether the binary subsets exist or not so that the following formula is satisfied:
Figure BDA0001400325270000031
Figure BDA0001400325270000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001400325270000033
and
Figure BDA0001400325270000034
respectively representing the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of an incoming and outgoing line belonging to the node A;
Figure BDA0001400325270000035
Figure BDA0001400325270000036
and
Figure BDA0001400325270000037
respectively representing the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of an incoming and outgoing line belonging to the node B; range (.) represents the range, i.e., the difference between the maximum and minimum values;
if yes, the station is equivalent to 2 nodes, which are marked as node A and node B and belong to the set
Figure BDA0001400325270000038
The incoming and outgoing lines belong to the node A and belong to the set
Figure BDA0001400325270000039
The incoming and outgoing lines belong to the node B; if the station is not established, the station is equivalent to 1 node; the topology analysis of the plant is completed;
7) and repeating the steps 3) to 6), completing the topological analysis of all the stations, and finally obtaining the topological analysis result of the whole power grid.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through researching the essence of topology analysis, a new concept of topology analysis is provided for enabling a plant station to be equivalent to a black box, not paying attention to the details in the plant station, only judging whether the black box is equivalent to 1 node or 2 nodes, determining the home relationship of the same node of an incoming and outgoing line and determining the running state of the incoming and outgoing line. Then, based on the voltage of an incoming line and an outgoing line measured by a PMU, current phasor data and kirchhoff current law, a set of method for judging the number of equivalent nodes of each plant and the running state of the incoming line and the outgoing line is provided, so that the topological structure of the network can be rapidly obtained.
The topology analysis method provided by the invention does not need to know the specific wiring diagram of each plant station and the state of each switch in the plant station, so that the method is not influenced by whether the acquired switching value is correct or not, can avoid topology errors caused by errors of the acquired switching value information in the topology analysis based on remote signaling, and provides a new thought and method for quickly and accurately acquiring the network topology structure of the power system.
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FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement, which is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The lines among all stations in the power system are fixed, and the difference is that the states are 'running' or 'off-line'; meanwhile, under the normal operation condition, at most, only 2 buses (a first bus and a second bus respectively) with 500kV voltage level of each station are accessed to the network (if bypass buses exist, the bus is generally started under the condition of maintenance or accidents, even if the bypass buses are started, the bus is either communicated with the first bus or the second bus or the first bus or the second bus is quitted from operation), if the 2 buses are communicated, the station is equivalent to 1 node, and if the 2 buses are not communicated, the station is equivalent to 2 nodes. If each station is represented by a black box, the connection line between the black boxes is determined, all that is needed for the network topology analysis of the invention is to equivalently convert each black box into 1 or 2 nodes, and determine the affiliation relationship between the connection line between the boxes and the nodes and the connection state.
The invention provides a power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement, the overall process is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a power system network topology analysis rule;
according to Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), when there is no bad data in the current measurement of all incoming and outgoing lines of a plant, the following rule is true:
rule 1, the sum of all incoming and outgoing line currents is 0, the absolute value of the sum is smaller than a threshold η close to 0 by considering measurement errors and station power consumption1I.e. bad data threshold η1
Rule 2, if the station is equivalent to 2 nodes (node a and node B are not used for representation), the sum of the currents of the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to node a should be 0, and in practice, the absolute value of the measurement error should be smaller than a threshold η close to 02The remaining incoming and outgoing lines belong to node B, and the sum of their currents should also be 0, and in practice, the absolute value of the measurement error should be smaller than a threshold η close to 03。
Rule 3, all the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to node A should have equal voltages, and in practice, considering the measurement error, the magnitude of the measurement error should be very different from a certain threshold η close to 04The phase angle should be very different from some threshold η close to 05The voltages of all the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to the node B should be equal, and in practice, the measurement error is considered, and the amplitude range should be smaller than a certain threshold η close to 06The phase angle should be very different from some threshold η close to 05。
The above rules can be used to judge whether the number of equivalent nodes of a plant station is 1 or 2, and the affiliation relationship between the incoming and outgoing lines and the nodes. The judgment of the incoming and outgoing line running state can be based on the following rules:
rule 4 if the current magnitude on an incoming and outgoing line is greater than the no current threshold η for that line7The line status is "running", otherwise "shutdown".
2) Obtaining all PMU measurement data of all stations of a power grid of a certain section, wherein the PMU measurement data comprises voltage amplitude phase angles and current amplitude phase angles of all incoming and outgoing lines and buses of each station;
3) selecting any station in the power grid, wherein all incoming and outgoing line currents of the station are expressed as
Figure BDA0001400325270000041
The voltage is expressed as
Figure BDA0001400325270000042
Wherein the above symbol represents the measured values as phasors, i.e. the measured values contain a magnitude and a phase angle; l1, L2 … Ln is the number of each access line, n represents the total number of access lines,
Figure BDA0001400325270000051
Figure BDA0001400325270000052
respectively represents phase A, phase B, phase C and positive sequence;
4) sequentially acquiring the line rated current amplitude I of all incoming and outgoing lines of the station selected in the step 3)NL1, L2 … Ln, respectively, and calculating the no-current threshold η corresponding to each incoming/outgoing line7The expression is as follows:
η7＝5％×IN
judging whether each incoming and outgoing line is stopped or not by using rule 4, if the current amplitude of a certain incoming and outgoing line is larger than the no-current threshold η corresponding to the line7When the line is in the running state, marking the state of the incoming and outgoing line as running; otherwise, it is "shutdown".
5) Using rule 1, it is determined whether the absolute value of the sum of all incoming and outgoing line currents for the plant is less than the bad data threshold η1: if it is
Figure BDA0001400325270000053
If the current measurement data of the incoming and outgoing lines of the station does not have bad data, entering step 6); otherwise, indicating that bad data exists in the incoming and outgoing line current measurement data of the station, and terminating the topology analysis. When bad data exist, the measured data of the section cannot be used for topology analysis, and the step 2) is returned again to obtain PMU measured data of the next section again;
6) if it is
Figure BDA0001400325270000054
There are two mutually exclusive non-empty subsets
Figure BDA0001400325270000055
And
Figure BDA0001400325270000056
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0001400325270000057
(such a subset is referred to as
Figure BDA0001400325270000058
Binary subset of) search
Figure BDA0001400325270000059
According to rule 2 and rule 3, whether the binary subset exists is judged so that the following formula is satisfied:
Figure BDA00014003252700000510
Figure BDA00014003252700000511
if rule 2 and rule 3 hold, the station can be equivalent to 2 nodes A and B and belong to the set
Figure BDA00014003252700000512
Figure BDA00014003252700000513
The incoming and outgoing lines belong to the node A and belong to the set
Figure BDA00014003252700000514
The incoming and outgoing lines of (2) belong to the node B. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00014003252700000515
and
Figure BDA00014003252700000516
Figure BDA00014003252700000520
respectively representing the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of an incoming and outgoing line belonging to the node A;
Figure BDA00014003252700000517
and
Figure BDA00014003252700000518
respectively representing the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of an incoming and outgoing line belonging to the node B; range (.) represents the range, i.e., the difference between the maximum and minimum values; if the station is not established, the station is equivalent to 1 node; the topology analysis of the plant is completed;
7) and (5) repeating the steps 3) to 6), completing the topological analysis of all the stations, and obtaining the topological analysis result of the whole power grid.
In the above scheme, the threshold η1～η6The value of (2) can be determined according to PMU measurement errors, and the selection principle is as follows:
Figure BDA00014003252700000519
Figure BDA0001400325270000061
Figure BDA0001400325270000062
Figure BDA0001400325270000063
η5＝k5×δua×2
Figure BDA0001400325270000064
wherein k is1～k6Representing a reliability coefficient, generally taking 1, and when the known measurement condition is worse, properly increasing the value; n, n1And n2Are respectively a set
Figure BDA0001400325270000065
And
Figure BDA0001400325270000066
the number of medium inlet and outlet lines; deltaim、δumAnd deltauaThe measurement error of the PMU current amplitude, the measurement error of the voltage amplitude and the measurement error of the voltage phase angle are respectively expressed and can be selected according to the measurement accuracy of the PMU of each plant station.

Claims (1)

1. A power system network topology analysis method based on synchronous phasor measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a power system network topology analysis rule;
according to kirchhoff's current law, when no bad data exists in the current measurement of all incoming and outgoing lines of a station, the following rule is established:
rule 1 the absolute value of the sum of all in and out line currents is less than the bad data threshold η1；
Rule 2, if the plant is equivalent to 2 nodes marked as node a and node B, the absolute value of the sum of the currents of the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to the node a is smaller than the set threshold η2The remaining incoming and outgoing lines belong to node B, and the absolute value of the sum of the currents is less than a set threshold η3；
Rule 3 all incoming and outgoing lines belonging to node A have voltage amplitude range less than set threshold η4Phase angle range less than set threshold η5The voltage amplitude range of all the incoming and outgoing lines belonging to the node B is less than a set threshold η6Phase angle range less than set threshold η5；
Rule 4 if the current magnitude on an incoming and outgoing line is greater than the no current threshold η for that line7If the line is in the running state, otherwise, the line is in the shutdown state;
2) acquiring all synchronous phasor measurement unit measurement data of all stations of a power grid of a certain section, wherein the measurement data comprises voltage amplitude phase angles and current amplitude phase angles of all incoming and outgoing lines and buses of each station;
3) selecting any station in the power grid, wherein all incoming and outgoing line currents of the station are expressed as
Figure FDA0002283948940000011
The voltage is expressed as
Figure FDA0002283948940000012
Wherein, the upper end of the symbol represents that the measured data is phasor, namely the measured data comprises amplitude and phase angle; l1, L2 … Ln is the number of each access line, n represents the total number of access lines,
Figure FDA0002283948940000014
Figure FDA0002283948940000015
respectively represents phase A, phase B, phase C and positive sequence;
4) sequentially acquiring the line rated current amplitude I of all incoming and outgoing lines of the station selected in the step 3)NL1, L2 … Ln, respectively, and calculating the no-current threshold η corresponding to each incoming/outgoing line7The expression is as follows:
η7＝5％×IN
judging whether each incoming and outgoing line is stopped: if the current amplitude of a certain incoming and outgoing line is larger than that of the lineNo current threshold η for way7When the line is in operation, marking the state of the line in and out as operation; otherwise, stopping the operation;
5) determining whether the absolute value of the sum of all incoming and outgoing line currents of the plant is less than the bad data threshold η1: if it is
Figure FDA0002283948940000013
If the current measurement data of the incoming and outgoing lines of the station does not have bad data, entering step 6); otherwise, indicating that bad data exist in the incoming and outgoing line current measurement data of the station, terminating topology analysis, returning to the step 2), and re-acquiring the measurement data of the synchronous phasor measurement unit of the next section;
6) if it is
Figure FDA0002283948940000021
There are two mutually exclusive non-empty subsets
Figure FDA0002283948940000022
And
Figure FDA0002283948940000023
satisfy the requirement of
Figure FDA0002283948940000024
Such a subset is referred to as
Figure FDA0002283948940000025
Is searched for
Figure FDA0002283948940000026
And (4) judging whether the binary subsets exist or not so that the following formula is satisfied:
Figure FDA0002283948940000027
Figure FDA0002283948940000028
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002283948940000029
and
Figure FDA00022839489400000210
respectively representing the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of an incoming and outgoing line belonging to the node A;
Figure FDA00022839489400000215
and
Figure FDA00022839489400000212
respectively representing the voltage amplitude and the phase angle of an incoming and outgoing line belonging to the node B; range (.) represents the range, i.e., the difference between the maximum and minimum values;
if yes, the station is equivalent to 2 nodes, which are marked as node A and node B and belong to the set
Figure FDA00022839489400000213
The incoming and outgoing lines belong to the node A and belong to the set
Figure FDA00022839489400000214
The incoming and outgoing lines belong to the node B; if the station is not established, the station is equivalent to 1 node; the topology analysis of the plant is completed;
7) and repeating the steps 3) to 6), completing the topological analysis of all the stations, and finally obtaining the topological analysis result of the whole power grid.
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