CN107565161B - Cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107565161B CN107565161B CN201710761574.4A CN201710761574A CN107565161B CN 107565161 B CN107565161 B CN 107565161B CN 201710761574 A CN201710761574 A CN 201710761574A CN 107565161 B CN107565161 B CN 107565161B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of lithium ion batteries. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) and cellulose acetate phthalate in acetone, stirring until the polymer is completely dissolved, and presenting a colorless and transparent gel solution, namely a blended polymer solution; immersing the blank non-woven fabric into the polymer blend solution, quickly pulling up the non-woven fabric after a few seconds, drying the non-woven fabric in air, and then drying the non-woven fabric in vacuum; preparing a porous cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm; when the battery is assembled, the gel polymer diaphragm is dripped with electrolyte on the upper and lower surfaces to obtain the cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, short time, high production efficiency, high mechanical strength and excellent circulation stability, and the obtained polymer film has excellent liquid absorption and liquid retention capacity, and has good ionic conductivity and interface stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Since the concept of the lead-acid battery has been proposed, secondary batteries targeting high specific energy, long life, safety, and the like have been subjected to a lead-acid battery, a nickel-chromium battery, and a nickel-hydrogen battery in order. And (5) a lithium ion battery stage. Among all energy storage batteries, lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, small self-discharge, no memory effect, environmental friendliness and the like, so that the lithium ion batteries are widely applied to the fields of electronic products, power automobiles and the like, and are novel green and environment-friendly secondary batteries with the best comprehensive performance at present. However, most of the commercial lithium ion batteries currently adopt liquid organic electrolytes, and because of the flash point, low vapor pressure and strong fluidity of the liquid electrolytes, leakage is easy to occur, and potential safety hazards such as combustion and even explosion exist. In order to solve the safety problem, a Gel Polymer Electrolyte (GPE) is provided, namely, a polymer matrix is used for absorbing electrolyte, flowing organic electrolyte is bound, the liquid state is converted into a gel state, and the electrochemical activity of the liquid electrolyte is reduced. The method is direct and effective, and the polymer battery has better chemical stability and cycle life, but the ionic conductivity is low at room temperature; the mechanical strength is not high enough, and further research by researchers is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a gel polymer electrolyte blended with cellulose. The method is simple and easy to operate.
The invention finds out the best blending proportion with good mechanical strength, strong chemical stability and good comprehensive performance by comparing the performances of gel polymer electrolytes blending cellulose with different proportions.
The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, short time, high production efficiency, high mechanical strength and excellent circulation stability, and the obtained polymer film has excellent liquid absorption and liquid retention capacity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte prepared by the above preparation method.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a gel polymer electrolyte blended with cellulose comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of polymer blend solution: dissolving poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P (VdF-HFP)) and Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) in acetone, and stirring until the polymer is completely dissolved to form a colorless and transparent gel solution, namely a polymer blend solution;
(2) preparation of gel polymer separator: immersing a blank non-woven fabric into the blended polymer solution prepared in the step (1), quickly pulling up after a few seconds, drying in air, and then vacuum-drying; preparing a porous cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm;
(3) preparation of gel polymer electrolyte: and (3) when the battery is assembled, dropwise adding electrolyte on the upper surface and the lower surface of the gel polymer diaphragm prepared in the step (2) to obtain the cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte.
The mass ratio of the poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P (VdF-HFP)) to the Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) in the step (1) is (1-4): 1; preferably, the ratio of 2: 1.
the total mass fraction of poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P (VdF-HFP)) and Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) in the polymer blend solution in the step (1) is 10-14%; preferably 12%;
stirring in the step (1) is carried out for 0.5-2 h at the temperature of 30 ℃; preferably stirring for 1h at 30 ℃;
the non-woven fabric in the step (2) is one of a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film and a polypropylene-ethylene-propylene three-layer composite film.
The drying time in the air in the step (2) is 1-2 hours; preferably 1 h; the porous structure is formed by volatilization of acetone in the air, so that the porous structure can not be used as a diaphragm of a lithium ion battery originally and has better performance.
The vacuum drying condition in the step (2) is vacuum drying for 12-24 hours at 40-60 ℃; preferably 60 ℃ vacuum drying for 12 h;
the thickness of the gel polymer diaphragm in the step (2) is 45-50 mu m.
The electrolyte in the step (3) is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), where EC: EMC: the mass ratio of DEC is 3: 5: 2, LiPF6The molar concentration of (a) is 1 mol/L.
The gel polymer electrolyte blended with the cellulose is prepared by the preparation method.
The application of the cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte in the preparation of the lithium ion battery comprises the following specific steps: the gel polymer electrolyte membrane blended with the cellulose is placed between the anode membrane and the cathode membrane to assemble the gel polymer electrolyte lithium ion battery, and the operation is completed in a glove box.
The active material of the positive electrode membrane is lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickel manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate or lithium iron phosphate; the active substance of the negative electrode diaphragm is artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, mesocarbon fibers, soft carbon, hard carbon or a metal lithium sheet; the gel polymer electrolyte lithium ion battery is a button battery or a soft package battery.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the synthesized blend P (VdF-HFP)/CAP polymer has the advantages of P (VdF-HFP) and CAP, and lithium ion battery gel polymer films blended with cellulose in different proportions are prepared by a soaking method. The cellulose is a renewable resource with huge yield, has the advantages of complete biodegradation, no toxicity, no pollution, easy modification, good biocompatibility, renewability and the like, has special hydrogen bond function in molecules, gives the cellulose good heat resistance, good wetting property to electrolyte and good electrochemical stability, and contributes to improving the conductivity, mechanical strength and safety performance of the polymer film to a certain extent. After the gel polymer electrolyte is assembled into a battery, electrochemical tests show that: the gel polymer electrolyte has stable electrochemical performance and good ion transmission performance. The blend P (VdF-HFP)/CAP gel electrolyte has certain improvement on the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength on the premise of ensuring the stability of the original gel electrolyte, and the non-woven fabric is used as a substrate, so that the cost is reduced and the pollution is reduced. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate. Overall performance considerations, 2 for P (VdF-HFP)/CAP: the ratio of 1 is optimal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the raw materials used in the invention have low cost, easy acquisition, simple synthesis process and high yield, provide conditions for industrialized production and are easy to popularize and utilize.
(2) The solvent used in the invention is acetone, which is nontoxic and has little pollution to the environment, and the production cost can be reduced.
(3) The polymer film obtained by the invention has better liquid absorption and retention, mechanical strength and interface stability.
(4) The invention blends the cellulose, and has higher ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and interface stability than the P (VdF-HFP) polymer electrolyte without blending.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the liquid absorption rate and the electric conductivity of the polymer films prepared in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing mechanical strength curves of polymer films prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing electrochemical impedance curves of polymer membranes prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-2; wherein (a): comparative example 1; (b) the method comprises the following steps Comparative example 2; (c) the method comprises the following steps Example 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cycle characteristics of polymer films prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) An oil bath kettle is kept at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, P (VdF-HFP) and CAP in the mass ratio of 1:1 are added into a three-neck flask filled with acetone, and the mixture is mechanically and continuously stirred for one hour to be fully dissolved to obtain a gel polymer solution with the mass fraction of 12%, wherein the stirring speed is 250r/min, and the polymer blend solution is obtained.
(2) Pouring the polymer blend solution obtained in the step (1) into a beaker, then immersing the non-woven fabric into the polymer blend solution, quickly pulling up after soaking for a few seconds, volatilizing the solvent in the air for 1 hour, and then transferring into a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ to continue drying for 12 hours to obtain the cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm. The thickness of the film is 45 to 50 μm.
(3) Cutting the gel polymer diaphragm prepared in the step (2) into a round size with the diameter of 18mm, and dropwise adding electrolyte (1mol/L LiPF) on the polymer diaphragm in a glove box6+ EC + EMC + DEC, EC: EMC: the mass ratio of DEC is 3: 5: 2) to obtain the lithium ion batteryA cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte is used.
(4) And in the glove box, lithium cobaltate is used as a positive electrode material, a lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, and the gel polymer electrolyte is placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to assemble the button cell.
Example 2
(1) An oil bath kettle is kept at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, P (VdF-HFP) and CAP in the mass ratio of 2:1 are added into a three-neck flask filled with acetone, and the mixture is mechanically and continuously stirred for one hour to be fully dissolved to obtain a gel polymer solution with the mass fraction of 12%, wherein the stirring speed is 250r/min, and the polymer blend solution is obtained.
(2) Pouring the polymer blend solution obtained in the step (1) into a beaker, then immersing the non-woven fabric into the polymer blend solution, quickly pulling up after soaking for a few seconds, volatilizing the solvent in the air for 1 hour, and then transferring into a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ to continue drying for 12 hours to obtain the cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm. The thickness of the film is 45 to 50 μm.
(3) The procedure was as in step (3) of example 1.
(4) The procedure was as in step (4) of example 1.
Example 3
(1) An oil bath kettle is kept at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, P (VdF-HFP) and CAP in the mass ratio of 3:1 are added into a three-neck flask filled with acetone, and the mixture is mechanically and continuously stirred for one hour to be fully dissolved to obtain a gel polymer solution with the mass fraction of 12%, wherein the stirring speed is 250r/min, and the polymer blend solution is obtained.
(2) Pouring the polymer blend solution obtained in the step (1) into a beaker, then immersing the non-woven fabric into the polymer blend solution, quickly pulling up after soaking for a few seconds, volatilizing the solvent in the air for 1 hour, and then transferring into a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ to continue drying for 12 hours to obtain the cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm. The thickness of the film is 45 to 50 μm.
(3) The procedure was as in step (3) of example 1.
(4) The procedure was as in step (4) of example 1.
Example 4
(1) An oil bath kettle is kept at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, P (VdF-HFP) and CAP in a mass ratio of 4:1 are added into a three-neck flask filled with acetone, and the mixture is mechanically and continuously stirred for one hour to be fully dissolved to obtain a gel polymer solution with the mass fraction of 12%, wherein the stirring speed is 250r/min, and the polymer blend solution is obtained.
(2) Pouring the polymer blend solution obtained in the step (1) into a beaker, then immersing the non-woven fabric into the polymer blend solution, quickly pulling up after soaking for a few seconds, volatilizing the solvent in the air for 1 hour, and then transferring into a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ to continue drying for 12 hours to obtain the cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm. The thickness of the film is 45 to 50 μm.
(3) The procedure was as in step (3) of example 1.
(4) The procedure was as in step (4) of example 1.
Comparative example:
the procedure was the same as in example 1 except that no CAP was added in step (1) (comparative example 2). In addition, a blank nonwoven fabric (comparative example 1) was also used in the comparative example.
Test example:
1. imbibition rate and ionic conductivity test
The liquid absorption rate and conductivity curves of the cellulose films prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 according to different ratios are shown in FIG. 1. The imbibition test was performed in a glove box and the conductivity test was performed by assembling the polymer membranes into the SS/GPE/SS format (SS is steel sheet and GPE is gel polymer electrolyte). It can be seen that the liquid uptake and conductivity of the cellulose blended gel polymer electrolyte are both high compared to the blank control, with the liquid uptake and conductivity of the gel polymer electrolyte being the highest in the ratio of 2:1, which may be attributed to its pore structure, high liquid uptake and ionic conductivity facilitating the transport of lithium ions.
2. Mechanical Strength test
In example 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, the mechanical strength of the cellulose blend film prepared is shown in FIG. 2. When CAP is blended into P (VdF-HFP), the mechanical strength of the polymer film is increased, and the blended cellulose plays a positive role in the mechanical strength of the polymer film.
3. Electrochemical impedance testing
In example 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, the prepared cellulose blend membranes have the electrochemical impedance change spectrograms with time as shown in the figure, the polymer membrane assembly form is Li/GPE/Li, the electrochemical impedance difference is not large at the beginning, and the impedance is sequentially increased along with the increase of time, so that the interface impedance of the polymer membrane mixed with the cellulose is smaller, and the compatibility with the lithium electrode is better.
4. Cycle performance test
The separators of example 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were assembled into a button cell having a structure of negative electrode (Li)/gel polymer electrolyte/positive electrode (LiCoO)2) And carrying out a battery cycle stability test. The test conditions of the button cell are as follows: room temperature, 0.5C current, 3.0-4.4V voltage range. The curve obtained from the test is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from the figure, the blank nonwoven fabric had too large pore diameters to cause a micro short circuit of the battery, so that the capacity rapidly decayed after several cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the battery assembled with the polymer film without mixing cellulose was lower than that of the battery with cellulose.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a gel polymer electrolyte blended with cellulose is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of polymer blend solution: dissolving poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) and cellulose acetate phthalate in acetone, stirring until the polymer is completely dissolved, and presenting a colorless and transparent gel solution, namely a blended polymer solution; the total mass fraction of poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) and cellulose acetate phthalate in the polymer blend solution is 12-14%;
(2) preparation of gel polymer separator: immersing a blank non-woven fabric into the blended polymer solution prepared in the step (1), quickly pulling up after a few seconds, drying in air, and then vacuum-drying; preparing a porous cellulose blend gel polymer diaphragm;
(3) preparation of gel polymer electrolyte: and (3) when the battery is assembled, dropwise adding electrolyte on the upper surface and the lower surface of the gel polymer diaphragm prepared in the step (2) to obtain the cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte.
2. The method for preparing a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the mass ratio of the poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) and the cellulose acetate phthalate in the step (1) is (1-4): 1.
3. the method for preparing a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the total mass fraction of poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) and cellulose acetate phthalate in the polymer blend solution in the step (1) is 12%.
4. The method for preparing a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that:
stirring in the step (1) is carried out for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃;
the drying time in the air in the step (2) is 1-2 hours;
and (3) performing vacuum drying for 12-24 hours at 40-60 ℃ under the vacuum drying condition in the step (2).
5. The method for preparing a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the non-woven fabric in the step (2) is one of a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film and a polypropylene-ethylene-propylene three-layer composite film.
6. The method for preparing a cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the thickness of the gel polymer diaphragm in the step (2) is 45-50 mu m.
7. A cellulose-blended gel polymer electrolyte, characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the cellulose blended gel polymer electrolyte of claim 7 in the preparation of a lithium ion battery.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the gel polymer electrolyte blended with the cellulose of claim 7 is placed between a positive electrode membrane and a negative electrode membrane to assemble the gel polymer electrolyte lithium ion battery.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that:
the active material of the positive electrode membrane is lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickel manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate or lithium iron phosphate; the active substance of the negative electrode diaphragm is artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, mesocarbon fibers, soft carbon, hard carbon or a metal lithium sheet; the gel polymer electrolyte lithium ion battery is a button battery or a soft package battery.
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| CN110010966B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2022-06-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Preparation method of biopolymer electrolyte with water as solvent |
| CN110911741B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-05-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Carbon oxide sphere doped solid polymer electrolyte membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110943258A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-31 | 电子科技大学 | PVDF-HFP composite lignocellulose gel polymer electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN114976233A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-30 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Composite gel polymer electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN104124415A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-29 | 深圳华粤宝电池有限公司 | Composite gel polymer electrolyte as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| Polyethylene-supported polyvinylidene fluorideecellulose acetate butyrate blended polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery;Jiansheng Liu etc;《Journal of Power Sources》;20131231;第226卷;第102页试验部分，左栏第1段，右栏第2-4段 * |
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