CN107565144A - A kind of lithium pyrite battery - Google Patents

A kind of lithium pyrite battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107565144A
CN107565144A CN201610503086.9A CN201610503086A CN107565144A CN 107565144 A CN107565144 A CN 107565144A CN 201610503086 A CN201610503086 A CN 201610503086A CN 107565144 A CN107565144 A CN 107565144A
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China
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lithium
battery
electrolytic solution
nonaqueous electrolytic
sulfimide
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CN201610503086.9A
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Inventor
谭光平
石桥
赵宝顺
李兆鹏
陈燃
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Shenzhen Capchem Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Capchem Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610503086.9A priority Critical patent/CN107565144A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/091882 priority patent/WO2018000493A1/en
Publication of CN107565144A publication Critical patent/CN107565144A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of lithium pyrite battery, including the ferrous disulfide as positive pole(FeS2), lithium or lithium alloy and the dividing plate between the positive pole and negative pole as negative pole, in addition to nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution include non-aqueous organic solvent and electrolytic salt, and the electrolytic salt comprises at least difluoro lithium sulfimide(LiFSI).The present invention uses LiFSI, forms layer protecting film in lithium Fe battery positive pole, effectively suppresses Fe on positive pole2+Dissolution, and change the composition of negative pole passivating film, improve the stability of negative pole passivating film, therefore inhibit the generation of lithium Fe battery internal micro-short circuit during storage, improve storage life and the discharge capacity of battery.

Description

A kind of battery of lithium-iron disulphide
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium primary cell technical field, more particularly to include ferrous disulfide (FeS2) cathode material lithium-two Vulcanize iron cell and battery of lithium-iron disulphide nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Background technology
Lithium primary cell, that is, disposable lithium-battery, because its capacity height, a self-discharge rate it is extremely low (can normal temperature storage 5~10 Year), the advantages that electric discharge is gentle, model standardised generic is good, in recent years because the market demand constantly increases to have obtained hair at full speed Exhibition, in the driving equipment Market of current consumption, the size of the disposable lithium-battery preferably standardized (such as AA or ) and specific rated voltage (be usually 1.5V) AAA.A kind of lithium battery for being used in particular for 1.5V consumer devices is the sulphur of lithium-two Change iron (or Li/FeS2) battery, there is IEC standard for AA sizes, there is FR03 standards for AAA sizes.
The just extremely ferrous disulfide (FeS of lithium Fe battery2), negative pole is lithium metal (Li), and the exoelectrical reaction mechanism of battery is: FeS2+4Li→Fe+2Li2S, FeS2Theoretical gram volume be 893.6mAh/g, Li theoretical gram volume is 3861.4mAh/g, its It is theoretical to be up to 1323Wh/kg than energy, and the theory of other disposable batteries such as conventional lithium manganese, alkali manganese, zinc silver oxide compares energy Amount is only 200~500Wh/kg.Therefore, lithium Fe battery has compared with other disposable batteries such as lithium manganese, alkali manganese, zinc silver oxide Very big advantage, it is the following new disposable battery by fast development.
The lithium metal of lithium Fe battery negative pole, which meets water, can occur vigorous reaction, determine its in lithium/pyrite battery system Electrolyte generally all uses non-aqueous organic solvent.Such non-aqueous organic solvent includes:Glycol ether, ring butyl oxide link, cyclic carbonate Ester, butyrolactone and phosphate etc..With lithium metal vigorous reaction will not occur for these organic solvents.But due to the electricity of lithium metal Position is low than these solvents, and lithium metal is very active, along with the presence of Impurities In Solvents and minor amount of water, cause lithium metal and The interface of solvent contact can form one layer of passivating film.This layer of passivating film is often electrically insulated and ion insulate, and influences conductive in battery The migration of ion, so as to increase the internal resistance of battery and lagging voltage, reduce cell discharge voltage and discharge capacity.The shape of passivating film Into causing, cell voltage drop is big in discharge process, capacitance loss is serious.
One time lithium Fe battery causes capacitance loss to have the following aspects in prolonged storage:When as noted earlier During storage negative pole passivating film be continuously generated it is thickening cause internal resistance to increase, second, during storage inside battery occur it is micro- Short circuit, electrolyte is caused to become sticky third, polymerization occurs during storage using the high activity ethers such as dioxolanes, lithium ion moves Move slack-off, internal resistance increase.Chinese patent CN101485016B proposes that addition iodine can weaken passivation on cathode of lithium in the electrolytic solution Layer formation and reduce or suppress cathode of lithium passivation rate;CN101689643A propose add in the electrolytic solution a small amount of pyridine with The chance of dioxolanes polymerization is reduced, the feelings that polymerization causes internal resistance to increase occur in storage electrolyte for a long time so as to improve battery Condition;Electrolyte is described in United States Patent (USP) US6849360B2 includes lithium iodide, dioxolanes, glycol dimethyl ether and a small amount of 3,5- dimethyl isoxazoles, wherein with the addition of a small amount of 3,5- dimethyl isoxazoles to ensure the steady in a long-term of electrolyte.But During battery storage, the Fe on positive pole2+Federation's separate out, and can go to be reduced into Fe on negative pole, so as to damage Positive electrode active materials FeS2Reduce discharge capacity of the cell.
Therefore, it is necessary to which a kind of lithium Fe battery electrolyte, can dissociate lithium ion and solvation, and stored for a long time It is all stable to lithium Fe battery both positive and negative polarity in journey, so that it is guaranteed that lithium Fe battery stores the long-life.
The content of the invention
Research is found, difluoro lithium sulfimide (LiFSI) is used in the electrolyte of battery of lithium-iron disulphide, can Effectively suppress Fe on positive pole2+Dissolution.Therefore, the present invention provides a kind of storage life for improving battery and discharge capacity Battery of lithium-iron disulphide, and purposes of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing LiFSI in battery of lithium-iron disulphide.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of battery of lithium-iron disulphide, including two sulphur as positive pole Change iron (FeS2), the lithium as negative pole or lithium alloy and the dividing plate between above-mentioned positive pole and negative pole, in addition to non-water power Liquid is solved, above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes non-aqueous organic solvent and electrolytic salt, and above-mentioned electrolytic salt comprises at least double fluoro sulphonyl Imine lithium (LiFSI).
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the total concentration of above-mentioned electrolytic salt is 0.5~2.0mol/L.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution, above-mentioned difluoro lithium sulfimide Concentration is 0.1~1.5mol/L.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the total concentration of above-mentioned electrolytic salt is 0.75~1.0mol/L, the concentration of above-mentioned difluoro lithium sulfimide is 0.2~0.8mol/L.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, above-mentioned electrolytic salt also include lithium iodide.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, molar concentration of the above-mentioned lithium iodide in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution are It is 1.0mol/L following.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the total concentration of above-mentioned electrolytic salt is 0.75~1.0mol/L, the molar concentration of above-mentioned difluoro lithium sulfimide are 0.2~0.8mol/L, mole of above-mentioned lithium iodide Concentration is 0.2~0.8mol/L.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, above-mentioned non-aqueous organic solvent are selected from propene carbonate (PC), carbonic acid Vinyl acetate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), ring Fourth sulfone (SL), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dioxolanes (DOL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2- methyltetrahydrofurans (2-MeTHF), At least two in glycol dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG), TRIGLYME, tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether Kind.
Scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, in terms of electrolyte gross mass, also include in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution 0.01%~2% additive, above-mentioned additive are selected from Nitrogen element organic base;Preferably, above-mentioned Nitrogen element organic base choosing From at least one of 3,5- dimethyl isoxazoles (DMI), pyridine (BD), tri-n-butylamine, triethylamine, tert-butylamine.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of including non-aqueous organic solvent and including at least double fluoro Nonaqueous electrolytic solution purposes during preparing battery of lithium-iron disulphide of the sulfimide lithium as electrolytic salt.Preferably, it is above-mentioned non- In water electrolysis liquid, the total concentration of above-mentioned electrolytic salt is 0.5~2.0mol/L, and the concentration of above-mentioned difluoro lithium sulfimide is 0.1~1.5mol/L;It is further preferred that in above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the total concentration of above-mentioned electrolytic salt for 0.75~ 1.0mol/L, the concentration of above-mentioned difluoro lithium sulfimide is 0.2~0.8mol/L.
Difluoro lithium sulfimide (LiFSI), LiFSI have been used in the electrolyte of the battery of lithium-iron disulphide of the present invention Layer protecting film is formed in lithium Fe battery positive pole, effectively suppresses Fe on positive pole2+Dissolution, and change negative pole passivating film Composition, improves the stability of negative pole passivating film, therefore inhibits the generation of lithium Fe battery internal micro-short circuit during storage, carries The storage life of high battery and discharge capacity.
Embodiment
To describe the technology contents of the present invention, the objects and the effects in detail, it is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.
The present invention is inventor based on using difluoro lithium sulfimide in the electrolyte of battery of lithium-iron disulphide (LiFSI) Fe on positive pole, can effectively be suppressed2+Dissolution, what this discovery was made.Therefore, the sulphur of lithium-two provided by the invention Change iron cell, including the ferrous disulfide (FeS as positive pole2), the lithium as negative pole or lithium alloy and between above-mentioned positive pole and Dividing plate between negative pole, in addition to nonaqueous electrolytic solution, above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes non-aqueous organic solvent and electrolytic salt, above-mentioned Electrolytic salt comprises at least difluoro lithium sulfimide (LiFSI).
Control the total concentration and LiFSI concentration of electrolytic salt in nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the storage for battery of lithium-iron disulphide Fe in life-span and discharge capacity and suppression positive pole2+Dissolution have certain influence.In general, LiFSI concentration it is too low (for example, Less than 0.1mol/L) when, then effective diaphragm is formed on positive pole and suppresses Fe on positive pole2+The less effective of dissolution, so as to Protect the less effective of positive pole;And when being higher than 1.5mol/L, although suppressing Fe on positive pole2+Result of extraction it is excellent, but battery Internal resistance is too high, influences storage life and discharge capacity.When the total concentration of electrolytic salt is less than 0.5mol/L, electrolyte lithium ion moves It is small to move number, even if battery long-time storage is stable, but discharge performance is not good enough;The total concentration of electrolytic salt is more than 2.0mol/L When, electrolysis fluid viscosity is excessive, and lithium ion mobility speed is slow, therefore same discharge performance is not good enough.Therefore, in currently preferred reality Apply in scheme, the total concentration of electrolytic salt is 0.5~2.0mol/L in nonaqueous electrolytic solution;Preferably, in nonaqueous electrolytic solution, double fluorine Concentration for sulfimide lithium is 0.1~1.5mol/L.It is highly preferred that in nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the total concentration of electrolytic salt is 0.75~1.0mol/L, the concentration of difluoro lithium sulfimide is 0.2~0.8mol/L.
In the present invention, electrolytic salt in nonaqueous electrolytic solution can also including lithium iodide etc. other lithium salts.Preferably, iodate Molar concentration of the lithium in nonaqueous electrolytic solution is below 1.0mol/L, can so contain more appropriate double fluoro sulfimides It lithium, will not also cause the total concentration of electrolytic salt to exceed its upper limit, can preferably play it and suppress Fe on positive pole2+Dissolution Effect, and effectively improve storage life and discharge capacity.In the case of containing lithium iodide, of the invention one most preferably Embodiment, in nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the total concentration of electrolytic salt is 0.75~1.0mol/L, mole of difluoro lithium sulfimide Concentration is 0.2~0.8mol/L, and the molar concentration of lithium iodide is 0.2~0.8mol/L.
In the present invention, non-aqueous organic solvent can be selected from propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), sulfolane (SL), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dioxolanes (DOL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2- methyltetrahydrofurans (2-MeTHF), glycol dimethyl ether (DME), At least two in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG), TRIGLYME, tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether.These non-aqueous organic solvents It can be combined two-by-two, or three's any of the above is applied in combination, and its ratio does not limit strictly.
In further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in terms of electrolyte gross mass, it can also include in nonaqueous electrolytic solution 0.01%~2% additive, suitable additive are selected from Nitrogen element organic base;Preferably, Nitrogen element organic base is selected from At least one of 3,5- dimethyl isoxazoles (DMI), pyridine (BD), tri-n-butylamine, triethylamine, tert-butylamine.These additives Electrolyte each excellent performance can be assigned, the long-term steady of electrolyte can be ensured by especially adding 3,5- dimethyl isoxazoles It is fixed.
Difluoro lithium sulfimide (LiFSI), LiFSI have been used in the electrolyte of the battery of lithium-iron disulphide of the present invention Layer protecting film is formed in lithium Fe battery positive pole, effectively suppresses Fe on positive pole2+Dissolution, and change negative pole passivating film Composition, improves the stability of negative pole passivating film, therefore inhibits the generation of lithium Fe battery internal micro-short circuit during storage, carries The storage life of high battery and discharge capacity.
Below by way of specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.It should be appreciated that these embodiments are only exemplary , do not form limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 0.1mol/L, lithium iodide concentrations 0.4mol/L, A small amount of additive DMI is added, prepares a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 0.5mol/L, add a small amount of additive DMI, Prepare a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 3:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 1.0mol/L, lithium iodide concentrations 1.0mol/L, A small amount of additive DMI is added, prepares a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 4:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 1.5mol/L, add a small amount of additive DMI, Prepare a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 5:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 0.2mol/L, lithium iodide concentrations 0.8mol/L, A small amount of additive DMI is added, prepares a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 6:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 0.8mol/L, lithium iodide concentrations 0.2mol/L, A small amount of additive B D is added, prepares a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 7:
Make solvent using EC, PC and DME, double fluorine sulfimide lithium total concentrations are 0.75mol/L, prepare the one of the present embodiment Secondary lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Embodiment 8:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 0.2mol/L, lithium iodide concentrations 0.2mol/L, A small amount of additive DMI is added, prepares a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of this comparative example.
Embodiment 9:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, double fluorine sulfimide lithium concentrations are 2.5mol/L, add a small amount of additive DMI, Prepare a lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution of this comparative example.
Comparative example 1:
Make solvent using DME and DOL, lithium iodide 0.5mol/L, add a small amount of additive DMI, prepare this comparative example Lithium Fe battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Performance test:
The preparation of lithium Fe battery:First by ferrous disulfide positive pole powder, binding agent Kynoar (PVDF761), Conductive additive carbon black and graphite, add organic solvent N, N- dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and be stirred until homogeneous, will be scattered Anode active material slurry is stamped into the positive plate of the required battery of button 2032 coated on aluminium foil after rolling.Positive plate leads to Cross and dry and after removing moisture therein completely, in the environment of being put into relative humidity less than 3%, respectively negative metal lithium, rise Porous isolating membrane and positive plate to separation both positive and negative polarity effect are put into battery case, inject above-described embodiment and comparative example is made Electrolyte after seal.
Lithium Fe battery of acquisition is subjected to performance test, test result such as table 1.Table 1 is embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-4 performance comparison table.
1 lithium Fe battery test performances of table compare
As shown in Table 1, it is 0.5~2.0mol/L in the control of lithium salts total concentration, LiFSI is 0.1~1.5mol/L, lithium ferroelectricity Fe on the positive pole of pond2+Dissolution it is less, battery discharge capacity and the battery discharge without long-time storage after storage for a long period Capacity approaches, and illustrates the stability for having used appropriate LiFSI to improve anode, battery is put certainly after storage for a long period Electricity reduces, and improves the discharge performance of battery;When lithium salt is less than 0.5mol/L, electrolyte lithium ion transference number is small, i.e., Make battery long-time storage stable, but discharge performance can decline;When lithium salt is more than 2.0mol/L, fluid viscosity mistake is electrolysed Greatly, lithium ion mobility speed is slow, by guiding discharge hydraulic performance decline.
In summary, a nonaqueous electrolytic solution lithium Fe battery provided by the invention has that discharge performance is outstanding and stability is high The advantages of.
In order to illustrate that LiFSI applies the special-effect on lithium-iron disulfide galvanic cell, several LiFSI are enumerated again below Apply the example on a lithium-manganese cell and mangaic acid lithium secondary battery.
Comparative example 2:
Make solvent using PC, DME and DOL, LiFSI 1mol/L, prepare the lithium-manganese cell non-aqueous solution electrolysis of this comparative example Liquid.
Comparative example 3:
Make solvent, LiFSI 0.5mol/L, LiClO using PC, DME and DOL40.5mol/L, prepare the one of this comparative example Secondary lithium-manganese cell nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Comparative example 4:
Make solvent, LiClO using PC, DME and DOL41mol/L, prepare the non-water power of lithium-manganese cell of this comparative example Solve liquid.
The preparation and performance test of lithium-manganese cell, the preparation and performance test of a similar above-mentioned lithium Fe battery, no It is same to be:Ferrous disulfide positive pole powder is substituted with manganese dioxide positive pole powder.Test result such as table 2.
2 lithium-manganese cell test performances of table compare
As shown in Table 2, LiFSI is applied on a lithium-manganese cell does not have good stablizing effect to positive pole manganese dioxide, And also without the discharge performance that can improve battery.
Comparative example 5:
Make solvent, LiFSI 0.1mol/L, LiPF using EC, EMC and DEC60.9mol/L, prepare the manganese of this comparative example Sour lithium secondary battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Comparative example 6:
Make solvent, LiPF using EC, EMC and DEC61.0mol/L, the mangaic acid lithium secondary battery for preparing this comparative example are non-aqueous Electrolyte.The performance test results such as table 3.
The mangaic acid lithium secondary battery test performance of table 3 compares
As shown in Table 3, LiFSI, which is applied on mangaic acid lithium secondary battery, can significantly improve battery low temperature performance, but right Positive pole LiMn2O4 does not have obvious good stablizing effect.
Above content is to combine specific embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert this hair Bright specific implementation is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, do not taking off On the premise of from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the protection of the present invention Scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of battery of lithium-iron disulphide, including the ferrous disulfide as positive pole, the lithium as negative pole or lithium alloy, Yi Jijie Dividing plate between the positive pole and negative pole, it is characterised in that also include non-aqueous including nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution Organic solvent and electrolytic salt, the electrolytic salt comprise at least difluoro lithium sulfimide.
2. battery of lithium-iron disulphide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the electrolysis The total concentration of matter salt is 0.5~2.0mol/L.
3. battery of lithium-iron disulphide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described double in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution The concentration of fluoro sulfimide lithium is 0.1~1.5 mol/L.
4. according to the battery of lithium-iron disulphide described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the nonaqueous electrolytic solution In, the total concentration of the electrolytic salt is 0.75~1.0mol/L, and the concentration of the difluoro lithium sulfimide is 0.2~0.8 mol/L。
5. according to the battery of lithium-iron disulphide described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the electrolytic salt also wraps Include lithium iodide.
6. battery of lithium-iron disulphide according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the lithium iodide is in the non-aqueous solution electrolysis Molar concentration in liquid is below 1.0mol/L.
7. battery of lithium-iron disulphide according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the electrolysis The total concentration of matter salt is 0.75~1.0mol/L, and the molar concentration of the difluoro lithium sulfimide is 0.2~0.8mol/L, institute The molar concentration for stating lithium iodide is 0.2~0.8mol/L.
8. battery of lithium-iron disulphide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from carbonic acid Propylene, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, Dioxolanes, tetrahydrofuran, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans, glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, TRIGLYME, At least two in tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether.
9. battery of lithium-iron disulphide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described non-aqueous in terms of electrolyte gross mass Also include 0.01~2% additive in electrolyte, the additive is selected from Nitrogen element organic base;Preferably, the nitrogenous member Plain organic base is selected from least one of 3,5- dimethyl isoxazoles, pyridine, tri-n-butylamine, triethylamine, tert-butylamine.
Including non-aqueous organic solvent and non-aqueous solution electrolysis of the difluoro lithium sulfimide as electrolytic salt is comprised at least 10. a kind of Purposes of the liquid in battery of lithium-iron disulphide is prepared.
CN201610503086.9A 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 A kind of lithium pyrite battery Pending CN107565144A (en)

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PCT/CN2016/091882 WO2018000493A1 (en) 2016-06-30 2016-07-27 Lithium-iron disulphide battery

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Application publication date: 20180109