CN107561408B - A Method of Improving the Accuracy of Line Selection for Small Current Grounding Fault - Google Patents
A Method of Improving the Accuracy of Line Selection for Small Current Grounding Fault Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电力系统中接地故障检测技术，尤其涉及一种提高小电流接地故障选线准确率的方法。The invention relates to a ground fault detection technology in a power system, in particular to a method for improving the accuracy of line selection for small current ground faults.
背景技术Background technique
电力系统中，中性点常用的接地方式主要有：中性点不接地方式、中性点经消弧线圈接地方式和中性点直接接地方式，前两种接地方式为小电流接地方式。In the power system, the commonly used neutral point grounding methods mainly include: neutral point non-grounding method, neutral point grounding method through arc suppression coil and neutral point direct grounding method. The first two grounding methods are small current grounding methods.
我国6-35kV的配电网主要采用小电流接地方式，在小电流接地系统故障中，单相接地故障发生的几率最高，据统计配网中80%以上的故障均为单相接地故障。当单相接地故障发生时，供电系统仍能保证线电压对称，因其没有形成故障回路，电流很小，不影响对负荷的连续供电，按照规程规定可以继续带故障运行1-2h。但随着电网越来越复杂，线路越来越多，如果不能及时排除故障而持续较长时间带故障运行，则容易使故障恶化扩大，造成更严重的短路故障，从而引起系统跳闸，且在某种情况下还可能会引起整个电网的过电压，对设备不利，影响电力系统的正常运行。因此，当单相接地故障发生时，虽然短时间内不影响对用户的供电，但也必须尽快找到故障线路，以防止故障给电网带来的不利影响。my country's 6-35kV distribution network mainly adopts the low-current grounding method. In the small-current grounding system fault, the single-phase grounding fault has the highest probability of occurrence. According to statistics, more than 80% of the faults in the distribution network are single-phase grounding faults. When a single-phase ground fault occurs, the power supply system can still ensure that the line voltage is symmetrical, because no fault loop is formed, and the current is very small, which does not affect the continuous power supply to the load. According to regulations, it can continue to operate with faults for 1-2h. However, as the power grid becomes more and more complex and there are more and more lines, if the fault cannot be eliminated in time and the fault continues for a long time, it will easily cause the fault to worsen and expand, resulting in a more serious short-circuit fault, which will cause the system to trip. Under certain circumstances, it may also cause overvoltage of the entire power grid, which is harmful to equipment and affects the normal operation of the power system. Therefore, when a single-phase ground fault occurs, although the power supply to users will not be affected in a short period of time, the fault line must be found as soon as possible to prevent the adverse impact of the fault on the power grid.
目前，小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线技术主要分为以下四类：一是基于故障稳态量的稳态选线方法；二是基于故障暂态量的暂态选线方法；三是基于外加诊断信号的选线方法；四是基于现代信息融合技术的选线方法。对于前两种选线方法的技术缺陷为：基于故障稳态量的稳态选线方法，存在稳态电气故障量偏小，容易造成选线失败现象；基于故障暂态量的暂态选线方法，存在暂态电气故障量存在时间短不易采集等缺陷。At present, the single-phase grounding fault line selection technology of small current grounding system is mainly divided into the following four categories: one is the steady-state line selection method based on the fault steady-state quantity; the other is the transient line selection method based on the fault transient quantity; the third is The line selection method based on external diagnostic signals; the fourth is the line selection method based on modern information fusion technology. The technical defects of the first two line selection methods are: the steady-state line selection method based on the fault steady-state quantity, the steady-state electrical fault quantity is too small, and it is easy to cause line selection failure; the transient line selection based on the fault transient quantity method, there are defects such as the transient electrical fault data is short in time and difficult to collect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了解决目前基于故障稳态量的稳态选线方法电气故障量小导致选线准确率低的问题，提供了一种提高小电流接地故障选线准确率的方法，该方法在小电流接地系统单相接地故障发生时，若故障前母线分段断路器（本文所述断路器均指母线分段断路器）为断开状态，故障后由测控装置将其闭合；若故障前上述断路器为闭合状态，故障后由测控装置先将其断开，再将其闭合。其目的是把另一段母线所连接的线路在系统发生单相接地故障时投入故障系统，增大故障线路的故障电流，而非故障线路的故障电流不变，从而拉大故障线路与非故障线路之间故障电流的差距，提高选线的准确率。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the accuracy of line selection is low due to the small amount of electrical faults in the current steady-state line selection method based on fault steady-state quantities, and provides a method for improving the accuracy of line selection for small current grounding faults. When a single-phase ground fault occurs in a small current grounding system, if the bus section circuit breaker (the circuit breakers mentioned in this article refer to the bus section circuit breaker) is in the open state before the fault, it will be closed by the measurement and control device after the fault; The above-mentioned circuit breaker is in a closed state before, and after a fault, the measurement and control device first disconnects it and then closes it. Its purpose is to put the line connected to another section of the busbar into the fault system when a single-phase ground fault occurs in the system, and increase the fault current of the fault line, while the fault current of the non-fault line remains unchanged, thereby enlarging the fault line and the non-fault line The fault current gap between them improves the accuracy of line selection.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种提高小电流接地故障选线准确率的方法，它包括被保护配电系统的母线，所述母线为单母线分段制，母线分段开关采用断路器，上述断路器与测控装置连接，测控装置与电压互感器连接，电压互感器则与母线连接；测控装置监测小电流接地系统是否发生单相接地故障，当单相接地故障发生时，若故障前上述断路器为断开状态，故障后由测控装置控制其闭合；若故障前上述断路器为闭合状态，故障后由测控装置控制其先断开，再控制其闭合；其目的是把另一段母线所连接的线路在系统发生单相接地故障时投入故障系统，增大故障线路的故障电流，而非故障线路的故障电流不变，从而拉大故障线路与非故障线路之间故障电流的差距，提高选线的准确率。A method for improving the accuracy of line selection for small current grounding faults, which includes a busbar of a protected power distribution system, the busbar is a single-busbar section system, the busbar section switch adopts a circuit breaker, and the above-mentioned circuit breaker is connected to a measurement and control device. The measurement and control device is connected to the voltage transformer, and the voltage transformer is connected to the busbar; the measurement and control device monitors whether a single-phase ground fault occurs in the small current grounding system. Then the measurement and control device controls its closing; if the above-mentioned circuit breaker is closed before the fault, the measurement and control device will control it to open first and then close it after the fault; When a ground fault occurs, the fault system is put into operation to increase the fault current of the faulty line, while the fault current of the non-faulty line remains unchanged, thereby widening the fault current gap between the faulty line and the non-faulty line, and improving the accuracy of line selection.
所述测控装置由三相电压、零序电压采集模块、断路器状态检测模块、断路器开关驱动模块、人机对话模块和CPU组成，监测小电流接地系统的三相电压和零序电压来判断系统是否发生单相接地故障，从而控制上述断路器动作；其中，三相电压、零序电压采集模块由电压变送器、RC低通滤波、由运算放大器构成的预处理电路和A/D转换电路构成；断路器状态检测模块由断路器辅助触点和检测电路构成；断路器开关驱动模块由继电器驱动电路和控制继电器构成；人机对话模块由按键和液晶显示模块构成；CPU由STC12C5A60S2单片机构成，主要实现根据三相电压和零序电压判断是否发生单相接接地故障、存储断路器状态检测模块采集的故障前上述断路器的状态、单相接地故障发生时对断路器开关驱动模块发出上述断路器分、合的指令、选择故障线路、人机对话功能。The measurement and control device is composed of a three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage acquisition module, a circuit breaker state detection module, a circuit breaker switch drive module, a man-machine dialogue module and a CPU, and monitors the three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage of the small current grounding system to judge Whether a single-phase ground fault occurs in the system, so as to control the above-mentioned circuit breaker action; among them, the three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage acquisition module is composed of voltage transmitter, RC low-pass filter, preprocessing circuit composed of operational amplifier and A/D conversion Circuit composition; circuit breaker state detection module is composed of circuit breaker auxiliary contacts and detection circuit; circuit breaker switch drive module is composed of relay drive circuit and control relay; man-machine dialogue module is composed of buttons and liquid crystal display module; CPU is composed of STC12C5A60S2 single chip microcomputer , which mainly realizes judging whether a single-phase grounding fault occurs according to the three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage, storing the state of the above-mentioned circuit breaker before the fault collected by the circuit breaker state detection module, and sending the above-mentioned Circuit breaker opening and closing instructions, fault line selection, man-machine dialogue functions.
一种提高小电流接地故障选线准确率的方法，它的方法为，A method for improving the accuracy of line selection for small current grounding faults, the method is as follows:
(1)小电流接地系统正常运行时，上述断路器根据运行方式的需要处于断开或闭合状态，测控装置实时监测系统三相电压、零序电压和上述断路器状态，并判断系统是否发生单相接地故障；(1) When the small current grounding system is in normal operation, the above-mentioned circuit breaker is in the open or closed state according to the needs of the operation mode. phase-to-ground fault;
(2)没有单相接地故障发生时，重复步骤(1)；当单相接地故障发生时，若故障前上述断路器为断开状态，故障后由测控装置控制其闭合，然后进行故障线路的选择，选线结束后，控制上述断路器断开；若故障前上述断路器为闭合状态，故障后由测控装置先控制其断开，再控制其闭合，然后进行故障线路的选择；(2) When no single-phase ground fault occurs, repeat step (1); when a single-phase ground fault occurs, if the above-mentioned circuit breaker is in the open state before the fault, it will be closed by the measurement and control device after the fault, and then the fault line Select, after the line selection is completed, control the above circuit breaker to open; if the above circuit breaker is closed before the fault, after the fault, the measurement and control device will first control it to open, then control it to close, and then select the fault line;
(3)继续监测母线电压和系统零序电压，并判断单相接地故障是否解除；(3) Continue to monitor the busbar voltage and system zero-sequence voltage, and judge whether the single-phase ground fault is removed;
(4)若故障未解除，继续进行步骤(3)的操作；(4) If the fault is not resolved, continue to the operation of step (3);
(5)若故障已解除，返回到步骤(1)重新进行上述操作。(5) If the fault has been eliminated, return to step (1) and perform the above operations again.
本发明的工作过程为：对于运行的小电流接地系统，由测控装置实时监测系统的三相电压、零序电压和上述断路器的状态，并实时判断系统是否发生单相接地故障。系统正常运行时，上述断路器根据运行方式的需要断开或闭合工作。当发生单相接地故障时，若故障前上述断路器为断开状态，故障后由测控装置将其闭合；若故障前上述断路器为闭合状态，故障后由测控装置先将其断开，再将其闭合。其目的是把另一段母线所连接的线路在系统发生单相接地故障时投入故障系统，增大故障线路的故障电流，而非故障线路的故障电流不变，从而拉大故障线路与非故障线路之间故障电流的差距，提高选线的准确率。选线结束后，将上述断路器恢复到原工作要求的状态，不会对系统的运行造成不利影响。The working process of the present invention is as follows: for the small current grounding system in operation, the measurement and control device monitors the three-phase voltage, zero-sequence voltage and the state of the above-mentioned circuit breaker in real time, and judges in real time whether a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the system. When the system is in normal operation, the above circuit breakers are opened or closed according to the needs of the operation mode. When a single-phase ground fault occurs, if the above-mentioned circuit breaker is in the open state before the fault, the measurement and control device will close it after the fault; if the above-mentioned circuit breaker is in the closed state before the fault, the measurement and control device will first disconnect it after the fault Close it. Its purpose is to put the line connected to another section of the busbar into the fault system when a single-phase ground fault occurs in the system, and increase the fault current of the fault line, while the fault current of the non-fault line remains unchanged, thereby enlarging the fault line and the non-fault line The fault current gap between them improves the accuracy of line selection. After the line selection is completed, restore the above circuit breaker to the state required by the original work, which will not cause adverse effects on the operation of the system.
本发明的有益效果是：(1)本发明在小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障后，通过上述断路器把另一段母线所连接的线路投入故障系统，增大故障线路的故障电流，而非故障线路的故障电流不变，从而拉大故障线路与非故障线路之间故障电流的差距，使基于故障稳态量的稳态选线和定位保护更加准确。(2)提高了基于故障稳态量的稳态选线和定位保护的抗过渡电阻能力，由于本发明增加了故障零序电流，加强了故障点的故障程度，相应的提高了抗过渡电阻能力。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) After a single-phase ground fault occurs in the small current grounding system, the present invention puts the line connected to another section of the busbar into the fault system through the above-mentioned circuit breaker to increase the fault current of the fault line instead of The fault current of the fault line remains unchanged, thereby widening the fault current gap between the fault line and the non-fault line, and making the steady-state line selection and positioning protection based on the fault steady-state quantity more accurate. (2) Improve the anti-transition resistance ability of steady-state line selection and positioning protection based on the fault steady-state quantity, because the present invention increases the fault zero-sequence current, strengthens the fault degree of the fault point, and correspondingly improves the anti-transition resistance ability .
总之，该发明能有效的提高基于故障稳态量的稳态选线和定位保护的准确率。In a word, the invention can effectively improve the accuracy of steady-state line selection and positioning protection based on fault steady-state quantities.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为测控装置功能框图。Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of the measurement and control device.
图3为本发明方法流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
其中，1、母线，2、母线分段断路器，3、测控装置，4、三相电压、零序电压采集模块，5、断路器状态检测模块，6、断路器开关驱动模块，7、人机对话模块，8、CPU，9、电压互感器。Among them, 1. Busbar, 2. Busbar section circuit breaker, 3. Measurement and control device, 4. Three-phase voltage and zero sequence voltage acquisition module, 5. Circuit breaker status detection module, 6. Circuit breaker switch drive module, 7. Human Machine dialogue module, 8, CPU, 9, voltage transformer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1中，在受保护的小电流接地系统母线1的每一相上连接母线分段断路器2。测控装置3用于监测小电流接地系统是否发生单相接地故障，从而控制上述断路器2动作，如图2所示。测控装置3由三相电压、零序电压采集模块4、断路器状态检测模块5、断路器开关驱动模块6、人机对话模块7和CPU 8构成，用于实时监测小电流接地系统的三相电压、零序电压和上述断路器2的状态并判断系统是否发生单相接地故障，从而控制上述断路器2动作；其中，三相电压、零序电压采集模块4由电压变送器、RC低通滤波、由运算放大器构成的预处理电路和A/D转换电路构成；断路器状态检测模块5由断路器辅助触点和检测电路构成；断路器开关驱动模块6由继电器驱动电路和控制继电器构成；人机对话模块7由按键和液晶显示模块构成；CPU 8由STC12C5A60S2单片机构成，主要实现根据三相电压和零序电压判断是否发生单相接接地故障、存储断路器状态检测模块5采集的故障前上述断路器2的状态、单相接地故障发生时对断路器开关驱动模块6发出上述断路器2分、合的指令、选择故障线路、人机对话功能。测控装置3还与电压互感器9连接，电压互感器9的一端与母线1连接。In Fig. 1, a bus section circuit breaker 2 is connected to each phase of the bus 1 of the protected small current grounding system. The measurement and control device 3 is used to monitor whether a single-phase ground fault occurs in the small-current grounding system, thereby controlling the operation of the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2 , as shown in FIG. 2 . The measurement and control device 3 is composed of a three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage acquisition module 4, a circuit breaker state detection module 5, a circuit breaker switch drive module 6, a man-machine dialogue module 7 and a CPU 8, and is used for real-time monitoring of the three-phase voltage, zero-sequence voltage, and the state of the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2, and judge whether a single-phase ground fault occurs in the system, thereby controlling the action of the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2; wherein, the three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage acquisition module 4 is composed of a voltage transmitter, RC low pass filter, a preprocessing circuit composed of an operational amplifier, and an A/D conversion circuit; the circuit breaker state detection module 5 is composed of a circuit breaker auxiliary contact and a detection circuit; the circuit breaker switch drive module 6 is composed of a relay drive circuit and a control relay ; The human-machine dialogue module 7 is composed of buttons and a liquid crystal display module; the CPU 8 is composed of STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer, mainly realizes judging whether a single-phase grounding fault occurs according to the three-phase voltage and zero-sequence voltage, and storing the fault collected by the circuit breaker state detection module 5 The status of the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2, when a single-phase ground fault occurs, the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2 opening and closing instructions are sent to the circuit breaker switch drive module 6, the fault line is selected, and the man-machine dialogue function. The measurement and control device 3 is also connected to a voltage transformer 9 , and one end of the voltage transformer 9 is connected to the bus 1 .
本发明的方法如图3所示：Method of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3:
(1)小电流接地系统正常运行时，上述断路器根据运行方式的需要处于断开或闭合状态，测控装置实时监测系统三相电压、零序电压和上述断路器状态，并判断系统是否发生单相接地故障；(1) When the small current grounding system is in normal operation, the above-mentioned circuit breaker is in the open or closed state according to the needs of the operation mode. phase-to-ground fault;
(2)没有单相接地故障发生时，重复步骤(1)；当单相接地故障发生时，若故障前上述断路器为断开状态，故障后由测控装置控制其闭合，然后进行故障线路的选择，选线结束后，控制上述断路器断开；若故障前上述断路器为闭合状态，故障后由测控装置先控制其断开，再控制其闭合，然后进行故障线路的选择；(2) When no single-phase ground fault occurs, repeat step (1); when a single-phase ground fault occurs, if the above-mentioned circuit breaker is in the open state before the fault, it will be closed by the measurement and control device after the fault, and then the fault line Select, after the line selection is completed, control the above circuit breaker to open; if the above circuit breaker is closed before the fault, after the fault, the measurement and control device will first control it to open, then control it to close, and then select the fault line;
(3)继续监测母线电压和系统零序电压，并判断单相接地故障是否解除；(3) Continue to monitor the busbar voltage and system zero-sequence voltage, and judge whether the single-phase ground fault is removed;
(4)若故障未解除，继续进行步骤(3)的操作；(4) If the fault is not resolved, continue to the operation of step (3);
(5)若故障已解除，返回到步骤(1)重新进行上述操作。(5) If the fault has been eliminated, return to step (1) and perform the above operations again.
图1中，假设线路Ⅱ的C相发生单相接地故障，若故障前上述断路器2为断开状态，故障后由测控装置3将其闭合；若故障前上述断路器2为闭合状态，故障后由测控装置3先将其断开，再将其闭合；其目的是把另一条母线所连接的线路Ⅲ和线路Ⅳ在故障发生时投入故障系统，故障线路零序电流为线路I、线路Ⅲ和线路Ⅳ产生的零序电流之和。可见，该方法在小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障后，把另一段母线所连接的线路在上述断路器2闭合时投入故障系统，增大故障线路的故障电流，而非故障线路的故障电流不变，从而拉大故障线路与非故障线路之间故障电流的差距，能够提高利用故障稳态量的稳态选线和定位保护的判断准确率。In Figure 1, it is assumed that a single-phase ground fault occurs on phase C of line II. If the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2 is in the open state before the fault, it will be closed by the measurement and control device 3 after the fault; if the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2 is in the closed state before the fault, the fault After that, the measurement and control device 3 first disconnects it and then closes it; its purpose is to put the line III and line IV connected to the other bus into the fault system when a fault occurs, and the zero-sequence current of the fault line is line I, line III and the sum of the zero-sequence current generated by line IV. It can be seen that in this method, after a single-phase ground fault occurs in the small current grounding system, the line connected to the other section of the busbar is put into the fault system when the above-mentioned circuit breaker 2 is closed, and the fault current of the fault line is increased instead of the fault current of the fault line In this way, the fault current gap between the faulty line and the non-faulty line is widened, and the judgment accuracy of the steady-state line selection and positioning protection using the fault steady-state quantity can be improved.
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| CN109669095B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-12-25 | 济南大学 | Single-phase earth fault line selection method for neutral point ungrounded system |
| CN109669097B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-10-09 | 济南大学 | A single-phase grounding fault line selection method for neutral point grounding system via arc suppression coil |
| CN110568316A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-13 | 国网四川省电力公司绵阳供电公司 | A fast line selection method for grounding faults in small current grounding systems |
| CN112526389B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-04-05 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Single-phase earth fault line selection device and multidimensional determination method |
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