CN107561368B - Measurement system and measurement method for broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment - Google Patents
Measurement system and measurement method for broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement system and a measurement method for broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment. At present, no wiring method for measuring broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment by using a long coaxial cable is proposed. The measuring system comprises an impedance analyzer, wherein a measuring port of the impedance analyzer is connected with two first coaxial cables, the two ends of a shielding layer of each first coaxial cable are grounded or the two ends of a shielding layer of each first coaxial cable are grounded, and the two ends of a core wire of each first coaxial cable are in short circuit, and the two ends of the core wire of each first coaxial cable are used for being connected with tested equipment. According to the invention, by adopting any one of two connection modes of the coaxial cable shielding layer, namely the two ends of the shielding layer are grounded or the two ends of the shielding layer are short-circuited, the influence of the space position change of the long cable on the electrical parameters of the cable can be eliminated, and the measurement result of the broadband impedance characteristic of the power equipment is accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement of characteristics of power equipment, in particular to a measurement system and a measurement method of broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment.
Background
The broadband modeling of the power equipment is widely applied to electromagnetic transient analysis and electromagnetic disturbance analysis of a power system. The broadband impedance characteristic of the power equipment is the basis for broadband modeling. The broadband model of the power equipment can be divided into a mechanism model and a black box model which have practical physical significance. When the mechanism model of the power equipment is established, the broadband impedance characteristic of the established model is required to be compared with the broadband impedance characteristic obtained by actual measurement so as to verify the correctness of the established model. In the process of establishing the black box model, the broadband impedance characteristic is more a modeling basis. Therefore, accurately measuring the broadband impedance characteristics of the power device has important significance for broadband modeling.
At present, the main testing method for the broadband characteristics of the power equipment comprises the following steps: impedance analyzer-based measurements, network analyzer-based scattering parameter measurements, and time domain pulse measurements. The first two testing methods can use mature commercial measuring equipment, have higher measuring precision and convenient operation, and are widely applied in the field of broadband impedance testing.
The measuring principle of the impedance analyzer mainly comprises: balanced bridge, voltage-current method (I-V). Both methods require the use of appropriate clamps or/and leads to connect the test equipment to the object under test. Since impedance analyzers are more commonly used for measuring impedance characteristics of small electronic components or materials, measurement jigs provided by equipment manufacturers cannot meet the requirements for measuring large-scale electrical equipment. Generally, a long measurement cable must be used to measure the broadband impedance characteristics of a large-sized power device. Factors such as resistance, capacitance and inductance of the cable can obviously influence a measurement result, and the influence on the result is more serious along with the increase of frequency and the increase of the length of the cable. For the problem, some researches are disclosed in the existing literature at home and abroad, and the main content is to check the influence of a test cable by using a calculation or measurement method based on a transmission line theory; the accurate cable unit length parameter needs to be known in a calculation and verification mode, and certain limitation is provided in application; the measurement checking method is to eliminate the influence of long leads by using an open circuit, short circuit and load checking mode. Although the open circuit, short circuit and load check are a mature method, in practical application, the check effect is affected by factors such as cable wiring. At present, no wiring method for measuring broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment by using a long coaxial cable is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a measuring system for broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment, which ensures that the electrical parameters of a long cable for measurement are not changed along with the spatial position change of a measuring loop, so as to eliminate the influence of the spatial position change of the long cable on the electrical parameters of the cable, and ensure that the measuring result of the broadband impedance characteristics of the power equipment is accurate.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the measuring system for broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment comprises an impedance analyzer, wherein measuring ports of the impedance analyzer are connected with two first coaxial cables, shielding layers of the two first coaxial cables are grounded at two ends or short-circuited at the starting ends and the grounding ends, and core wire ends of the two first coaxial cables are used for connecting tested equipment.
Because the tested equipment is large in size, a long measurement cable is needed when the broadband impedance characteristic of the power equipment is measured. The cable space position changes when the impedance analyzer performs "open circuit, short circuit, load verification" and measures the impedance characteristics of the electrical device. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the broadband impedance characteristics of the electric power equipment, it is necessary to ensure that the electrical parameters of the measurement circuit (long cable for measurement) do not change with the spatial position change of the measurement circuit. Therefore, the invention adopts any one of two connection modes of the coaxial cable shielding layer, namely the two ends of the shielding layer are grounded or the two ends of the shielding layer are short-circuited, so that the influence of the space position change of the long cable on the electrical parameters of the cable can be eliminated.
When the number of the measuring ports of the impedance analyzer is two, the following supplementary scheme is adopted:
and two measuring ports of the impedance analyzer are respectively connected with the two first coaxial cables by adopting a BNC connector.
And the two BNC connector shells are short-circuited by a metal plate, so that the initial ends of the shielding layers of the two first coaxial cables are grounded.
When the number of the measuring ports of the impedance analyzer is four, the following supplementary scheme is adopted:
the four measuring ports of the impedance analyzer are connected with the two first coaxial cables through a four-turn two clamp, the two output ports of the four-turn two clamp are respectively connected with the two first coaxial cables, and the four input ports of the four-turn two clamp are respectively connected with the corresponding measuring ports of the impedance analyzer.
The four-to-two clamp comprises four second coaxial cables, two BNC three-way connectors and four BNC connectors, wherein the initial ends of the second coaxial cables are connected with corresponding measuring ports of the impedance analyzer by adopting the BNC connectors, and the tail ends of two adjacent second coaxial cables are connected with the initial ends of one first coaxial cable by adopting one BNC three-way connector.
The four BNC connector shells are short-circuited by a metal plate, so that the starting ends of the shielding layers of the four second coaxial cables are grounded.
The invention also provides a method for measuring by the measuring system with two measuring ports of the impedance analyzer, which comprises the following steps:
1) Checking by using an open circuit and short circuit checking program of the impedance analyzer;
2) Connecting two first coaxial cables with proper lengths at two measuring ports of the impedance analyzer, and selecting one of two shielding layer connection modes, namely grounding the two shielding layers of the two first coaxial cables at two ends or shorting the two first coaxial cables at the beginning end;
3) Open-end measurement of open-circuit impedance characteristic Z of first coaxial cable o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the End short measurement short impedance Z of first coaxial cable s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The end of the first coaxial cable is connected with a load, and the impedance characteristic Z of the load is measured lm The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Directly measuring the real impedance characteristics Z of a load l ；
3) The tail end of the first coaxial cable is connected with the tested equipment to obtain the broadband impedance Z of the tested equipment by measurement xm ；
4) Obtaining impedance characteristic Z of power equipment after verification by using verification formula and measurement data verification x The check formula is as follows:
the invention also provides a method for measuring by the measuring system with four measuring ports of the impedance analyzer, which comprises the following steps:
1) The four-to-two clamp is arranged on the impedance analyzer, and the open circuit and short circuit verification program carried by the impedance analyzer is utilized for verification;
2) Connecting two first coaxial cables with proper lengths after the four-turn two clamps, and selecting one of two shielding layer connection modes, namely grounding the two shielding layer double ends of the two first coaxial cables or shorting the starting ends of the two first coaxial cables;
3) Open-end measurement of open-circuit impedance characteristic Z of first coaxial cable o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the End short measurement short impedance Z of first coaxial cable s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The end of the first coaxial cable is connected with a load, and the impedance characteristic Z of the load is measured lm The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Directly measuring the real impedance characteristics Z of a load l ；
3) The tail end of the first coaxial cable is connected with the tested equipment to obtain the broadband impedance Z of the tested equipment by measurement xm ；
4) Obtaining impedance characteristic Z of power equipment after verification by using verification formula and measurement data verification x The check formula is as follows:
the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts a special coaxial cable shielding layer connection mode, ensures that the electrical parameters of the long cable for measurement are not changed along with the spatial position change of the measurement loop, eliminates the influence of the spatial position change of the long cable on the electrical parameters of the cable, and has accurate measurement results of broadband impedance characteristics of the power equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another connection mode of two first coaxial cable shielding layers in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a four-to-two clamp in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing another connection mode of two first coaxial cable shielding layers in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the measurement result of the coaxial cable shield not being grounded (in FIG. 6, the ordinate of the upper graph is the amplitude, and the ordinate of the lower graph is the phase angle);
fig. 7 is a graph of measurement results of the grounding of only the initial end of the shielding layer of the coaxial cable (in fig. 7, the ordinate of the upper graph is the amplitude, and the ordinate of the lower graph is the phase angle);
fig. 8 is a graph of measurement results of the ground connection of both ends of the shielding layer of the coaxial cable (in fig. 8, the ordinate of the upper graph is the amplitude, and the ordinate of the lower graph is the phase angle);
fig. 9 is a graph of measurement results of the short circuit of the grounded end of the start end of the shielding layer of the coaxial cable (in fig. 9, the ordinate of the upper graph is the amplitude, and the ordinate of the lower graph is the phase angle);
in fig. 6 to 9, a represents a result of direct measurement, B represents a result of measurement with the inter-wire distance D1, C represents a result of measurement with the inter-wire distance D2, and D represents a result of measurement with the inter-wire distance D3;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the measurement results before and after verification (in fig. 10, the ordinate of the upper graph is the amplitude, and the ordinate of the lower graph is the phase angle).
In the figure, the 1-impedance analyzer, the 2-first coaxial cable, the 3-shielding layer, the 4-core wire, the 5-BNC connector, the 6-metal plate, the 7-four-turn two clamp, the 8-second coaxial cable and the 9-BNC three-way connector.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
In the measurement system of broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment shown in fig. 1, a measurement port of an impedance analyzer 1 is connected with two first coaxial cables 2, a shielding layer 3 of each first coaxial cable 2 is grounded and shorted at the end, and the tail end of a core wire 4 of each first coaxial cable 2 is used for connecting tested equipment.
The impedance analyzer 1 has two measurement ports, and is connected with the two first coaxial cables 2 by adopting a BNC connector 5 respectively. The two BNC joint shells are short-circuited by a metal plate 6.
The shielding layers 3 of the two first coaxial cables 2 may also be grounded at both ends (i.e. both ends are grounded), as shown in fig. 2, which also achieves the object of the present invention.
The steps of the measurement system for broadband impedance characteristic measurement are as follows:
1) Checking by using an open circuit and short circuit checking program of the impedance analyzer;
2) Connecting two first coaxial cables with proper lengths at two measuring ports of the impedance analyzer, and selecting one of two shielding layer connection modes, namely grounding the two shielding layers of the two first coaxial cables at two ends or shorting the two first coaxial cables at the beginning end;
3) Open-end measurement of open-circuit impedance characteristic Z of first coaxial cable o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the End short measurement short impedance Z of first coaxial cable s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The end of the first coaxial cable is connected with a load, and the impedance characteristic Z of the load is measured lm The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Directly measuring the real impedance characteristics Z of a load l ；
3) The tail end of the first coaxial cable is connected with the tested equipment to obtain the broadband impedance Z of the tested equipment by measurement xm ；
4) Obtaining impedance characteristic Z of power equipment after verification by using verification formula and measurement data verification x The check formula is as follows:
example 2
In the measurement system of broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment shown in fig. 3, four measurement ports of the impedance analyzer 1 are connected with the two first coaxial cables 2 through four-turn two clamps 7. As shown in fig. 4, the four-to-two clamp 7 includes four second coaxial cables 8, two BNC three-way connectors 9 and four BNC connectors 5, wherein the initial ends of the second coaxial cables 8 are connected with the corresponding measuring ports of the impedance analyzer 1 by using the BNC connectors 5, and the tail ends of the two adjacent second coaxial cables 8 are connected with the initial ends of the first coaxial cables 2 by using the BNC three-way connectors 9. The shells of the four BNC connectors 5 are short-circuited by a metal plate 6. The shielding layers 3 of the two first coaxial cables 2 are short-circuited at the starting ends and the grounding tail ends, and the tail ends of the core wires 4 of the two first coaxial cables 2 are used for connecting tested equipment.
The shielding layers 3 of the two first coaxial cables 2 may also be grounded at both ends (i.e., both ends are grounded), as shown in fig. 5, to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
The steps of the measurement system for broadband impedance characteristic measurement are as follows:
1) The four-to-two clamp is arranged on the impedance analyzer, and the open circuit and short circuit verification program carried by the impedance analyzer is utilized for verification;
2) Connecting two first coaxial cables with proper lengths after the four-turn two clamps, and selecting one of two shielding layer connection modes, namely grounding the two shielding layer double ends of the two first coaxial cables or shorting the starting ends of the two first coaxial cables;
3) Open-end measurement of open-circuit impedance characteristic Z of first coaxial cable o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the End short measurement short impedance Z of first coaxial cable s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The end of the first coaxial cable is connected with a load, and the impedance characteristic Z of the load is measured lm The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Directly measuring the real impedance characteristics Z of a load l ；
3) The tail end of the first coaxial cable is connected with the tested equipment to obtain the broadband impedance Z of the tested equipment by measurement xm ；
4) Obtaining impedance characteristic Z of power equipment after verification by using verification formula and measurement data verification x The check formula is as follows:
the measurement system and the measurement method are adopted to carry out measurement in a laboratory. The broadband impedance of a 220V power transformer 40-10MHz was measured using Agilent 4294 impedance Analyzer and two 15m long cables. Three different sets of inter-lead distances, namely coaxial cable distances d in fig. 6-9, d1=0, d2=0.5 m, d3=1.5 m, are arbitrarily set. Wherein the distance from the ground of the two cables is changed when the lead distances are d2 and d 3. And (3) respectively measuring broadband impedance characteristics of the sample transformer when the shielding layers of the two coaxial cables are not grounded, only the initial ends of the shielding layers are grounded, both ends of the shielding layers are grounded, the initial ends of the shielding layers are grounded and the tail ends of the shielding layers are short-circuited under the distance of each lead. The results are shown in the figure. Fig. 6 and fig. 7 correspond to the measurement results of different lead distances when the shielding layer is not grounded and only the starting end is grounded, respectively, and the measurement results of three lead distances in the drawings have larger difference. And the measurement results of different lead distances when the corresponding ends of the figures 8 and 9 are grounded and the ends of the figures are short-circuited, and the measurement results of the distances between the three leads are consistent. It is thus illustrated that space-time variations no longer affect the measured loop parameters when the coaxial cable shield is grounded and a loop is formed.
The shielding layer wiring mode eliminates the influence of the space position of the lead on the electrical parameters of the cable, and the purpose of eliminating the influence of the long lead on the measurement result can be achieved by using open circuit, short circuit and load verification. The result after the calibration of the small transformer is shown in fig. 10, where curve a is the result of the direct measurement of the small transformer (real impedance value), curve B is the result of the measurement with a long lead (before calibration), and curve C is the result after the calibration. It can be seen from the figure that the result after verification is basically identical with the real impedance value of the small transformer, so that the method can eliminate the influence of the long lead on the measurement result.
Claims (1)
1. The measurement method of broadband impedance characteristics of large-scale power equipment is characterized by adopting a measurement system to measure, wherein the measurement system comprises an impedance analyzer (1), a measurement port of the impedance analyzer (1) is connected with two first coaxial cables (2), the two ends of a shielding layer (3) of the two first coaxial cables are grounded or the two ends of the shielding layer are grounded, the two ends of a core wire (4) of the two first coaxial cables are short-circuited, and the two ends of the core wire are used for being connected with tested equipment;
the four measuring ports of the impedance analyzer (1) are connected with the two first coaxial cables (2) through a four-to-two clamp (7), two output ports of the four-to-two clamp (7) are respectively connected with the two first coaxial cables (2), and four input ports of the four-to-two clamp (7) are respectively connected with the measuring ports of the corresponding impedance analyzer (1); the four-to-two clamp (7) comprises four second coaxial cables (8), two BNC three-way connectors (9) and four BNC connectors (5), wherein the initial ends of the second coaxial cables (8) are connected with the measuring ports of the corresponding impedance analyzers (1) by adopting the BNC connectors (5), and the tail ends of the two adjacent second coaxial cables (8) are connected with the initial ends of the first coaxial cables (2) by adopting one BNC three-way connector (9); the shells of the four BNC connectors (5) are short-circuited by a metal plate (6);
the method for measuring by using the measuring system comprises the following steps:
1) The four-to-two clamp is arranged on the impedance analyzer, and the open circuit and short circuit verification program carried by the impedance analyzer is utilized for verification;
2) Connecting two first coaxial cables with proper lengths after the four-turn two clamps, and selecting one of two shielding layer connection modes, namely grounding the two shielding layer double ends of the two first coaxial cables or shorting the starting ends of the two first coaxial cables;
3) Open-ended measurement of open-circuit impedance characteristics of a first coaxial cableZ o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring short-circuit impedance by end short-circuit of first coaxial cableZ s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The end of the first coaxial cable is connected with a load, and the impedance characteristic of the load is measuredZ lm The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Directly measuring the real impedance characteristics of a loadZ l ；
3) The tail end of the first coaxial cable is connected with the tested equipment to obtain broadband impedance of the tested equipment by measurementZ xm ；
4) Obtaining impedance characteristics of power equipment after verification by using verification formula and measurement data verificationZ x The check formula is as follows:
。
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| CN110286303A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-27 | 国家电网有限公司 | A kind of coaxial cable insulation cable ageing state appraisal procedure based on BP neural network |
| CN112881804B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-08-15 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Impedance spectrum measurement method and device for three-core cable |
| CN113281614B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2023-05-02 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司无锡供电分公司 | Power cable broadband impedance spectrum test method |
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Address after: The eight district of Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province 310014 Huadian Zhaohui under No. 1 Lane Applicant after: STATE GRID ZHEJIANG ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY LIMITED ELECTRIC POWER Research Institute Applicant after: State Grid Corporation of China Applicant after: NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER University Address before: The eight district of Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province 310014 Huadian Zhaohui under No. 1 Lane Applicant before: ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF STATE GRID ZHEJIANG ELECTRIC POWER Co. Applicant before: State Grid Corporation of China Applicant before: North China Electric Power University |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Zheng Yiming Inventor after: Liu Haojun Inventor after: Sun Lintao Inventor after: Qi Lei Inventor after: Chen Ning Inventor after: Li Xiaomeng Inventor after: Liu Shi Inventor after: Yao Hui Inventor after: He Wenlin Inventor after: Zhan Jiangyang Inventor after: Yang Zhi Inventor after: Shao Xianjun Inventor after: Wang Shaoan Inventor after: Chen Min Inventor before: Zheng Yiming Inventor before: Liu Haojun Inventor before: Sun Lintao Inventor before: Qi Lei Inventor before: Chen Ning Inventor before: Li Xiaomeng Inventor before: Liu Shi Inventor before: Yao Hui Inventor before: He Wenlin Inventor before: Zhan Jiangyang Inventor before: Yang Zhi Inventor before: Shao Xianjun Inventor before: Wang Shaoan Inventor before: Chen Min |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |