CN107559138B - Vertical axis wind power generation device and variable pitch control method thereof - Google Patents

Vertical axis wind power generation device and variable pitch control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107559138B
CN107559138B CN201710877079.XA CN201710877079A CN107559138B CN 107559138 B CN107559138 B CN 107559138B CN 201710877079 A CN201710877079 A CN 201710877079A CN 107559138 B CN107559138 B CN 107559138B
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guide rail
vertical axis
shaft
blades
main shaft
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CN107559138A (en
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秦春明
秦晓汉
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical axis wind power generation device and a variable pitch control method thereof, wherein the vertical axis wind power generation device comprises a base, a main shaft, a generator and a plurality of vertical axis blades, wherein the main shaft is provided with a plurality of supporting frames, and the vertical axis blades are rotatably arranged on the supporting frames; the vertical axis wind power generation device further comprises a pitch control mechanism, and the pitch control mechanism comprises: a guide rail for following the wind direction and rotatable relative to the base and the spindle; and one end part of the adjusting rod is slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the other end part of the adjusting rod is rotatably arranged on the corresponding vertical shaft blade and is used for pushing and pulling the vertical shaft blade to rotate relative to the supporting frame through the guide of the guide rail so as to change the pitch angle. The manufacturing cost is reduced, the use reliability is improved, and the power generation efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Vertical axis wind power generation device and variable pitch control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a vertical axis wind power generation device and a variable pitch control method thereof.
Background
At present, wind power generation is widely used as clean energy, and is divided into a horizontal axis force wind power generator and a vertical axis wind power generator, wherein, chinese patent No. 201210167105.7 discloses a pitch-variable vertical axis wind power generator, wherein, in order to realize pitch-variable processing in the process of rotating blades, a servo motor is adopted to adjust the pitch angle of the blades through a worm gear reducer, so that the wind energy utilization rate is improved. However, the above-described technique has the following problems in practical use: the operation of the servo motor needs to consume electric energy, on the one hand, the servo motor needs to rotate according to different blade positions to adjust the angle of the blade, and meanwhile, the servo motor also needs to overcome wind resistance of the blade to keep the angle position of the blade, so that the servo motor always keeps an electrified state in the power generation process, and in actual use, most of the electric energy generated by the wind turbine is used for supplying power to the servo motor, that is, the patent only considers the adjustment of the angle of the blade by the servo motor to obtain the optimal pitch angle, but does not consider a large amount of electric energy consumed by the servo motor in the operation process, so that the power generation efficiency is lower; meanwhile, the configuration of a large number of servo motors also results in higher manufacturing cost of the wind turbine and reduced use reliability. How to design a wind power generation technology with low manufacturing cost, high use reliability and high power generation efficiency is a technical problem to be solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vertical axis wind power generation device and a variable pitch control method thereof, which can reduce manufacturing cost, improve use reliability and effectively improve power generation efficiency.
The invention provides a vertical axis wind power generation device which comprises a base, a main shaft, a generator and a plurality of vertical axis blades, wherein the main shaft is provided with a plurality of supporting frames, and the vertical axis blades are rotatably arranged on the supporting frames; the vertical axis wind power generation device further comprises a pitch control mechanism, and the pitch control mechanism comprises:
a guide rail for following the wind direction and rotatable relative to the base and the spindle;
and one end part of the adjusting rod is slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the other end part of the adjusting rod is rotatably arranged on the corresponding vertical shaft blade and is used for pushing and pulling the vertical shaft blade to rotate relative to the supporting frame through the guide of the guide rail so as to change the pitch angle.
Further, the guide rail is located above the vertical shaft blade, the main shaft is a hollow shaft, the guide rail is provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is inserted into the main shaft and rotatably installed on the base.
Further, the guide rail is located below the vertical shaft blade, the guide rail is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the base, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, and the main shaft is inserted into the rotating shaft.
Further, around the axis of the main shaft, a plurality of supporting frames are uniformly distributed on the main shaft.
Further, a pulley is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod, a vertical shaft is arranged at the other end of the adjusting rod, the pulley is slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the vertical shaft is rotatably arranged on the vertical shaft blade.
Further, the guide rail is provided with an air deflector.
Further, the pitch control mechanism further includes:
the anemoscope is used for detecting wind direction;
the driving motor is used for driving the guide rail to rotate relative to the base and the main shaft along with the wind direction;
the locator is used for locating after the guide rail rotates in place;
and the controller is used for controlling the driving motor and the positioner to act according to the wind direction detected by the anemoscope.
Further, the pitch control mechanism further includes:
and the angle sensor is used for detecting the deflection angle between the anemoscope and the guide rail.
The invention also provides a variable pitch control method of the vertical axis wind power generation device, which comprises the following steps: under the condition that the wind direction is unchanged, the vertical shaft blades are driven by wind power to drive the main shaft to rotate, meanwhile, the vertical shaft blades rotate relative to the guide track, and the adjusting rod pushes and pulls the vertical shaft blades to rotate relative to the support frame along the guide path of the guide track so as to change the pitch angle.
Further, when the wind direction changes, the guide rail rotates by a corresponding angle corresponding to the angle along with the change of the wind direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has a plurality of advantages and positive effects:
according to the vertical axis wind power generation device provided by the invention, the pitch angles of the vertical axis blades are dynamically controlled by adopting the variable pitch control mechanism, the vertical axis blades drive the main shaft to rotate while rotating relative to the guide track, the end part of the guide track, which is in sliding connection with the guide track, moves along the guide track of the guide track, the distances between the rotating connection parts of the vertical axis blades at different positions and the support frame and the guide track are different under the limitation of the shape of the guide track, the vertical axis blades are pushed and pulled by the guide track to rotate relative to the support frame under the action of the guide track, so that the pitch angles of the vertical axis blades can be automatically changed, the maintenance of the pitch angles of the vertical axis blades is mechanically limited by the guide track without adopting an electric energy component, the consumption of running electric energy of the vertical axis blades is reduced, the electric energy consumption is greatly reduced, the wind power generation capacity is obtained, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the use reliability is improved; more importantly, for the vertical axis blades at different positions respectively in a lifting force or resistance state, by designing the guiding track of the guiding track, among the uniformly distributed vertical axis blades, the lifting force of part of the blades (mainly blades at the upwind half cycle) is beneficial to increasing the torque, at the same time, the pitch angle is regulated to obtain the best lifting force so as to obtain the maximum torque, meanwhile, the resistance of the other part of the blades (mainly blades at the downwind half cycle) (which is called the resistance of the blades according to the aerodynamic concept and can be also understood as the thrust for pushing the blades to rotate around the main shaft) can be increased, at the same time, the pitch angle is regulated to obtain the best resistance so as to obtain the maximum torque, and at the same time, the lifting force or resistance of the blades at different positions of one week is utilized to obtain the comprehensive maximum torque so as to obtain the maximum wind power generation capacity, and a better low wind speed starting effect can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical axis wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of a pitch control mechanism and a vertical axis blade in an embodiment of a vertical axis wind turbine according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the vertical axis wind power generation device of the present embodiment includes a base 1, a main shaft 2, a generator (not shown), and a plurality of vertical axis blades 3, where the main shaft 2 is rotatably disposed on the base 1 and connected to the generator for driving the generator to generate electricity, the main shaft 2 is provided with a plurality of supporting frames 21, and the vertical axis blades 3 are rotatably disposed on the supporting frames 21; the vertical axis wind power generation device further comprises a pitch control mechanism 4, and the pitch control mechanism 4 comprises:
a guide rail 41 for being rotatable with respect to the base 1 and the main shaft 2 following a wind direction;
and an adjusting lever 42, one end of which is slidably disposed on the guide rail 41 and the other end of which is rotatably disposed on the corresponding vertical axis blade 3, for pushing and pulling the vertical axis blade 3 to rotate relative to the support frame 21 through the guide of the guide rail 41 to change the pitch angle.
Specifically, in the vertical axis wind power generation device of the present embodiment, the vertical axis blades 3 are used to generate power, and the vertical axis blades 3 at different positions are limited by the rotation characteristics of the vertical axis blades 3, during the wind power generation process, some vertical axis blades 3 generate lift force (mainly blades in the upwind half cycle), other part of vertical axis blades 3 generate resistance (mainly blades in the downwind half cycle, which is the resistance of the blades according to the aerodynamic concept and can be understood as the thrust for pushing the blades to rotate around the main shaft), wherein, some of the resistance generated by the vertical axis blades 3 is mainly used to drive the main shaft 2 to rotate so as to obtain the maximum torque, at this time, the pitch angle is adjusted to obtain the best resistance to obtain the maximum torque, and the rest of the lift force generated by the vertical axis blades 3 is adjusted to obtain the best lift force to obtain the maximum torque as possible, which is also beneficial to increase the torque, and meanwhile, the lift force and the resistance of different positions of one week are utilized to obtain the comprehensive maximum torque, so as to obtain the maximum wind power generation capability. The pitch control mechanism 4 adopted in this embodiment is composed of a guide rail 41 and an adjusting rod 42, in the wind power generation process, the vertical axis blade 3 is driven by wind power to drive the main shaft 2 to rotate, the vertical axis blade 3 rotates relative to the guide rail 41 while rotating, the vertical axis blade 3 drives the corresponding adjusting rod 42 to rotate together, one end of the adjusting rod 42 slides in the guide rail 41, and under the guiding action in the guide rail 41, the adjusting rod 42 pushes and pulls the vertical axis blade 3 to enable the vertical axis blade 3 to rotate relative to the supporting frame 21, so that the pitch angle of the vertical axis blade 3 can be dynamically changed while the vertical axis blade 3 rotates, and the lift force or resistance force and method generated by wind power acting on the vertical axis blade 3 at different positions can be changed. Wherein, the pitch angle change of the vertical axis blade 3 is controlled by the guiding track of the guiding track 41, and meanwhile, the guiding track 41 realizes the mechanical positioning of the angle of the vertical axis blade 3 through the adjusting rod 42, thereby avoiding the consumption of a large amount of electric energy caused by the condition that the angle of the vertical axis blade 3 is kept by the power on of a motor, and reducing the manufacturing cost; meanwhile, the pitch angle of the vertical axis blades 3 is dynamically adjusted in real time, so that the power generation efficiency can be effectively improved. In addition, a plurality of the supporting frames 21 are uniformly distributed on the main shaft 2 around the axis of the main shaft 2, so that a plurality of vertical shaft blades 3 can be uniformly distributed around the main shaft 2. And the guide rail 41 may be located above the vertical shaft blade 3, the main shaft 2 is a hollow shaft, the guide rail 41 is provided with a rotating shaft 43, and the rotating shaft 43 is inserted into the main shaft 2 and rotatably mounted on the base 1; alternatively, the guide rail 41 is located below the vertical axis blade 3, and the guide rail 41 is provided with a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the base 1, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, and the spindle 2 is inserted into the rotating shaft. Preferably, in order to ensure that the adjusting lever 42 can slide smoothly in the guide rail 41, a pulley (not shown) is provided at one end of the adjusting lever 42, a vertical shaft (not shown) is provided at the other end of the adjusting lever 42, the pulley is slidably provided on the guide rail 41, and the vertical shaft is rotatably provided on the vertical shaft blade 3.
The following will specifically describe a wind power generation process assuming that the wind direction is unchanged: as shown in fig. 2, a coordinate system is established with the wind direction as the X axis and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the wind direction as the Y axis, the required pitch angle of a vertical axis blade 3 in different quadrants is different, and the optimal pitch angle is dynamically changed, during the design of the guide rail 41, the corresponding design is performed according to the specific pitch angle required by the vertical axis blade 3 in the corresponding position, specifically, the shape of the guide rail 41 is designed according to the different types of lift force or resistance generated by the vertical axis blade 3 in different quadrants, so that the corresponding pitch angle of the vertical axis blade 3 in the quadrant where the lift force should be generated can obtain the optimal lift force to obtain the maximum torque, and the corresponding pitch angle of the vertical axis blade 3 in the quadrant where the resistance should be generated can obtain the optimal resistance to obtain the maximum torque, so that the optimal power generation efficiency can be obtained. The guide track design of the guide track 41 is designed according to the specific pitch angles required by the corresponding positions of the blades 3 with different vertical axes, and the specific structural form of the guide track 41 in this embodiment is not limited.
Further, since the wind direction is likely to change at any time during the actual use, in order to ensure that the guiding track 41 can always provide accurate guiding control for each vertical axis blade 3 to obtain the required optimal pitch angle of the vertical axis blade 3, the guiding track 41 needs to be able to change along with the change of the wind direction, where the guiding track 41 can use a purely mechanical driving manner or an electric driving manner, and the following specific description is given below: 1. the guide rail 41 is driven by a mechanical mode, an air deflector (not shown) can be arranged on the guide rail 41, after the wind direction changes, the air deflector drives the guide rail 41 to rotate until the surface of the air deflector is parallel to the wind direction, and in order to reduce the influence on the guide rail 41 in the rotation process of the adjusting rod 42, the size of the air deflector is designed into a specific size according to actual needs, so that the air deflector can be driven by wind power to drive the guide rail 41 to rotate on one hand, and on the other hand, the air deflector can be ensured to overcome the external force applied to the guide rail 41 by the adjusting rod, so that the guide rail 41 keeps a stable position state unchanged. 2. The pitch control mechanism 4 further includes: a anemoscope (not shown), a drive motor (not shown), and a positioner (not shown), specifically, the anemoscope is used for detecting wind direction; the driving motor is used for driving the guide rail 41 to rotate relative to the base 1 and the main shaft 2 along the wind direction; the positioner is used for positioning after the guide rail 41 rotates to the proper position; the controller is used for controlling the driving motor and the positioner to act according to the wind direction detected by the anemoscope, namely controlling the driving motor to drive the guide rail 41 to rotate, and controlling the positioner to position the guide rail 41 which rotates in place so as to limit the rotation of the guide rail 41. Specifically, for the case of using the electric control to rotate the guide rail 41, the anemoscope will implement detecting the change of the wind direction, and after the change angle of the wind direction exceeds the set value and the duration of the change of the wind direction also exceeds the set duration, the wind direction is determined to be changed, at this time, the controller controls the positioner to unlock the guide rail 41, then, the controller further controls the driving motor to drive the guide rail 41 to rotate by a required angle to adapt to the wind direction, after the guide rail 41 rotates in place, the controller controls the positioner to reposition the locking guide rail 41, where the positioner can adopt a friction positioning manner, a positioning pin positioning manner, or other positioning manners to position the guide rail 41, for example: the positioner adopting the friction mode can adopt two friction plates to match, one friction plate is fixed on the guide rail 41, the other friction plate is fixed relative to the base 1, and in a non-energized state, the two friction plates are attached together under the action of a spring, so that the guide rail 41 is positioned and locked to rotate the guide rail 41, and in the energized state, the two friction plates can be driven to be separated by adopting electromagnetic or electric telescopic rods and the like, and the guide rail 41 is unlocked; the locator adopting the locating pin locating mode can comprise a locating disc and a bolt which can stretch out and draw back electrically, the locating disc is arranged on the guide rail 41, a plurality of locating holes are formed in the circumference of the locating disc, the locator is in a non-electrified state in the state of locking the guide rail 41, the bolt is inserted into the corresponding locating hole of the locating disc, and when the guide rail 41 needs to be unlocked, the locator is electrified, so that the bolt is separated from the locating hole, and the guide rail 41 can rotate. Preferably, in order to accurately control the rotation angle of the guide rail 41, the pitch control mechanism 4 further includes: an angle sensor for detecting a deflection angle between the anemoscope and the guide rail 41; since the wind direction meter detects the change of wind direction in real time and there is a momentary change of wind direction in the outside, if the wind direction meter detects the change of wind direction, the guide rail 41 is driven to rotate by the driving motor, which consumes excessive electric energy, therefore, when the change angle of wind direction exceeds a set value and the duration of the change of wind direction exceeds a set duration, the wind direction is determined to change, at this time, the controller controls the positioner to unlock the guide rail 41, then the controller controls the driving motor to drive the guide rail 41 to rotate by a required angle to adapt to the wind direction, and after the guide rail 41 rotates in place, the controller controls the positioner to reposition the locking guide rail 41.
The invention also provides a variable pitch control method of the vertical axis wind power generation device, which comprises the following steps: under the condition that the wind direction is unchanged, the vertical shaft blades are driven by wind power to drive the main shaft to rotate, meanwhile, the vertical shaft blades rotate relative to the guide track, and the adjusting rod pushes and pulls the vertical shaft blades to rotate relative to the support frame along the guide path of the guide track so as to change the pitch angle. And when the wind direction changes, the guide track rotates by a corresponding angle corresponding to the angle of the change of the wind direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has a plurality of advantages and positive effects:
according to the vertical axis wind power generation device provided by the invention, the pitch angles of the vertical axis blades are dynamically controlled by adopting the variable pitch control mechanism, the vertical axis blades drive the main shaft to rotate while rotating relative to the guide track, the end part of the guide track, which is in sliding connection with the guide track, moves along the guide track of the guide track, the distances between the rotating connection parts of the vertical axis blades at different positions and the support frame and the guide track are different under the limitation of the shape of the guide track, the vertical axis blades are pushed and pulled by the guide track to rotate relative to the support frame under the action of the guide track, so that the pitch angles of the vertical axis blades can be automatically changed, the maintenance of the pitch angles of the vertical axis blades is mechanically limited by the guide track without adopting an electric energy component, the consumption of running electric energy is reduced, the electric energy consumption is greatly reduced, the wind power generation capacity is obtained, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the use reliability is improved; more importantly, for the vertical axis blades at different positions, the vertical axis blades may be in lift force and resistance states, and by designing the guiding track of the guiding track, in a plurality of uniformly distributed vertical axis blades, the lift force of part of the blades (mainly blades in the upwind half cycle) is beneficial to increasing the torque, at the same time, the pitch angle is adjusted to obtain the best lift force so as to obtain the torque as large as possible, meanwhile, the resistance of the other part of the blades (mainly blades in the downwind half cycle) (which is called the resistance of the blades according to the aerodynamic concept, can be understood as the thrust for pushing the blades to rotate around the main shaft) can be increased, at the same time, the pitch angle is adjusted to obtain the best resistance so as to obtain the torque as large as possible, and at the same time, the lift force or resistance of the blades at different positions in one week is utilized to obtain the comprehensive maximum torque so as to obtain the maximum wind power generation capacity, and a better low wind speed starting effect can be obtained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications or alterations to the disclosed technical content to the equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The vertical axis wind power generation device comprises a base, a main shaft, a generator and a plurality of vertical axis blades, and is characterized in that the main shaft is provided with a plurality of supporting frames, and the vertical axis blades are rotatably arranged on the supporting frames; the vertical axis wind power generation device further comprises a pitch control mechanism, and the pitch control mechanism comprises:
a guide rail for following the wind direction and rotatable relative to the base and the spindle;
one end part of the adjusting rod is slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the other end part of the adjusting rod is rotatably arranged on the corresponding vertical shaft blade and is used for pushing and pulling the vertical shaft blade to rotate relative to the supporting frame through the guide of the guide rail so as to change the pitch angle;
the guide rail is positioned above the vertical shaft blade, the main shaft is a hollow shaft, the guide rail is provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is inserted into the main shaft and rotatably arranged on the base; the guide rail is positioned below the vertical shaft blade, the guide rail is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the base, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, and the main shaft is inserted into the rotating shaft; a pulley is arranged at one end part of the adjusting rod, a vertical shaft is arranged at the other end part of the adjusting rod, the pulley is arranged on the guide rail in a sliding manner, and the vertical shaft is rotatably arranged on the vertical shaft blade; the guide rail is provided with an air deflector;
the pitch control mechanism further comprises:
the anemoscope is used for detecting wind direction;
the driving motor is used for driving the guide rail to rotate relative to the base and the main shaft along with the wind direction;
the locator is used for locating after the guide rail rotates in place;
the controller is used for controlling the driving motor and the positioner to act according to the wind direction detected by the anemoscope;
and the angle sensor is used for detecting the deflection angle between the anemoscope and the guide rail.
2. The vertical axis wind turbine of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said support frames are evenly distributed on said main shaft about the axis of said main shaft.
3. A pitch control method of a vertical axis wind turbine according to any of claims 1-2, comprising: under the condition that the wind direction is unchanged, the vertical shaft blades are driven by wind power to drive the main shaft to rotate, meanwhile, the vertical shaft blades rotate relative to the guide track, and the adjusting rod pushes and pulls the vertical shaft blades to rotate relative to the support frame along the guide path of the guide track so as to change the pitch angle.
4. A pitch control method according to claim 3, wherein the guide track is rotated by a corresponding angle to the angle of change of wind direction as the wind direction changes.
CN201710877079.XA 2017-09-25 2017-09-25 Vertical axis wind power generation device and variable pitch control method thereof Active CN107559138B (en)

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CN110873024B (en) * 2018-08-30 2021-06-01 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 Vertical axis wind generating set
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CN102305182A (en) * 2011-08-08 2012-01-04 河海大学常州校区 Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with support bars with variable pitch angle blades
CN102392788A (en) * 2011-09-27 2012-03-28 赵永胜 Vertical axis wind driven generator limitator
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