CN107547574B - Communication system and method based on universal protocol - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a communication system and method based on a universal protocol, which is provided for solving the defects that the difficulty of an extended code is high, the development period is long, the universality is poor and the like because a set of special processing method needs to be customized for a user interface protocol in the existing protocol conversion process, and comprises the following steps: the communication protocol set between the sending end and the receiving end consists of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item comprises a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is specifically one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element, and the information receiving module is used for receiving information from the sending end; the protocol element analysis module is used for analyzing the information from the sending end and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information; the system also comprises a common item element processing module, a protocol item element processing module and a branch item element processing module. The invention is suitable for formulating a general user interface protocol.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication system based on a communication protocol, and more particularly, to a communication system and method based on a universal protocol.
Background
The user interface protocol mentioned in the invention refers to a format of a transmission data frame customized by a user between devices (not a standard protocol specified by the world organization), and is a common agreement of two communication parties for a data format for communication, and the two communication parties must comply with the common agreement. The protocol conversion refers to outputting the data information packaged according to the source protocol format according to the format of the destination protocol.
In order to realize protocol conversion, a common practice at present is to customize a set of dedicated processing methods for a user interface protocol, and to realize encoding and decoding of a certain user interface protocol by writing an encoding and decoding program of the user interface protocol by a programmer, thereby realizing interconnection and information sharing of heterogeneous resource devices. Although the method can solve the problem that the communication protocols are not matched when systems with different architectures are interconnected, when a new protocol version appears, a programmer is required to rewrite a coding and decoding program of the new protocol, and along with the gradual increase of the complexity of test equipment, the processing mode easily causes the problems of high difficulty of expanding codes, long development period, poor universality and the like. Therefore, the special protocol conversion method based on the specific protocol designs the universal protocol conversion method supporting all protocols, and develops corresponding protocol coding and decoding software on the basis to realize the automatic coding and decoding of the universal user interface protocol, thereby having very important significance for realizing the interconnection and information sharing of the heterogeneous test system.
To realize the universality of protocol conversion, a universal protocol description standard is needed, and because the data information of different test systems is different and the protocol standards for describing data are different, the realization of the universality description of user interface protocols in all fields is difficult, and the realization of the universality in a true sense is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the difficulty of expanding codes is high, the development period is long, the universality is poor and the like easily caused by the need of customizing a set of special processing method for a user interface protocol in the existing protocol conversion process, and provides a communication system and a method based on a universal protocol.
A communication system based on a universal protocol comprises a sending end and a receiving end, and is characterized in that a communication protocol set between the sending end and the receiving end consists of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item comprises a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is specifically one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element,
the receiving end specifically includes:
and the information receiving module is used for receiving the information from the sending end.
And the protocol element analysis module is used for analyzing the information from the sending end and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information.
And the common item element processing module is used for converting the data in the common item elements into target elements with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in the protocol set when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the common item elements.
And the protocol item element processing module is used for judging which of the common item element, the branch item element, the protocol item element and the dynamic item element the element in the protocol item nested sub-protocol item is according to the data in the protocol item element when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module is the protocol item element, and then selecting the corresponding processing module for processing according to the judgment result.
And the branch item element processing module is used for determining which branches are specifically contained in the branch items according to the values of the branch item elements when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the branch item elements, each branch contains a plurality of elements, and the type of each element can be one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element.
And the dynamic item element processing module is used for determining the number and the length of the dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item elements according to the values of the dynamic item elements when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the dynamic item elements.
Preferably, the common item element processing module specifically includes: the non-processing unit is used for directly taking data in the common item elements as target data values; the physical value calculating unit is used for multiplying the data in the common item elements by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value; the bit analysis unit is used for judging whether the data in the common item element is of a bit type or a non-bit type, and if the data in the common item element is of the non-bit type, the data in the common item element is split according to bits; if the data is bit type data, no processing is carried out; the bit analysis-physical value calculation unit is used for multiplying a selected numerical value in the data in the common item element by a preset multiplying factor and adding an offset to obtain a target data value when the bit analysis unit judges that the data in the common item element is of a bit type; the BCD code processing unit is used for converting the data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes to obtain a target data value; and the combined function processing unit is used for converting the data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes, multiplying the result of the conversion processing by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value.
Preferably, each protocol item further includes a frame header, a frame tail, and a check data element, and the receiving end further includes a check module, configured to calculate a check result according to a preset check calculation method, compare the check result with the check data element, and if the check result is the same as the check data element, it indicates that data transmission is correct, and if the check result is different from the check data element, it indicates that data transmission is incorrect.
Preferably, the preset check calculation method is a 16-bit check sum calculation method or an 8-bit check sum calculation method.
The invention also provides a communication method based on the universal protocol, which is used for transmitting information between the sending end and the receiving end, and is characterized in that a communication protocol set between the sending end and the receiving end consists of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item comprises a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is specifically one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element,
the receiving end is used for executing the following steps:
information from a transmitting end is received.
Analyzing the information from the sending end, and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information.
When the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is a common item element, the data in the common item element is converted into a target element with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in the protocol set.
When the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is the protocol item element, judging which of the common item element, the branch item element, the protocol item element and the dynamic item element the element in the sub-protocol item nested in the protocol item is according to the data in the protocol item element, and then selecting the corresponding processing module for processing according to the judgment result.
When the protocol element analysis module analyzes that the element type of the protocol item is a branch item element, the specific branches contained in the branch item are determined according to the values of the branch item element, each branch contains a plurality of elements, and the type of each element can be one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element.
And when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is the dynamic item element, determining the number and the length of the dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item element according to the value of the dynamic item element.
Preferably, when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is a common item element, the following steps are specifically executed: directly taking data in the common item elements as target data values; multiplying the data in the common item elements by a preset multiplying factor, and adding the offset to obtain a target data value; judging whether the data in the common item element is of a bit type or a non-bit type, and if the data in the common item element is of the non-bit type, splitting the data in the common item element according to bits; if the data is bit type data, no processing is carried out; and when the bit analysis unit judges that the data in the common item element is of a bit type, multiplying a selected numerical value in the data in the common item element by a preset multiplying factor, and adding the offset to obtain a target data value.
Preferably, after receiving the information from the transmitting end, before analyzing the information from the transmitting end, the method further includes a checking step, where the checking step is configured to calculate a checking result according to a preset checking calculation method, compare the checking result with the checking data element, and if the checking result is the same as the checking data element, it indicates that data transmission is correct, and if the checking result is different from the checking data element, it indicates that data transmission is wrong.
Preferably, the preset check calculation method is a 16-bit check sum calculation method or an 8-bit check sum calculation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the protocol conversion process, a set of special processing method is not needed to be customized for a user interface protocol, but a set of uniform interface protocol is used, so that the difficulty of the extension code is low, the development period is short, and the universality is high. The development cycle can be shortened by at least 20%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system of the present invention in a general protocol;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a generic user interface protocol format according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a generic protocol template editing software class;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a wireless communication transport protocol architecture;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a user information frame encapsulation format of the SLIP protocol.
Detailed Description
The invention designs a universal user interface protocol format which can cover the user interface protocol feature description in the fields by analyzing the user interface protocol format for communication between avionics, radar, ship, radio transmission and other systems and test equipment of certain industrial departments and abstracting common features of protocols, and develops a user interface protocol template editing tool on the basis.
A communication system based on a universal protocol comprises a sending end and a receiving end, and is characterized in that a communication protocol set between the sending end and the receiving end is composed of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item comprises a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is specifically one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element, and the receiving end specifically comprises:
and the information receiving module is used for receiving the information from the sending end.
And the protocol element analysis module is used for analyzing the information from the sending end and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information.
And the common item element processing module is used for converting the data in the common item elements into target elements with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in the protocol set when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the common item elements.
And the protocol item element processing module is used for judging which of the common item element, the branch item element, the protocol item element and the dynamic item element the element in the protocol item nested sub-protocol item is according to the data in the protocol item element when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module is the protocol item element, and then selecting the corresponding processing module for processing according to the judgment result.
And the branch item element processing module is used for determining which branches are specifically contained in the branch items according to the values of the branch item elements when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the branch item elements, each branch contains a plurality of elements, and the type of each element can be one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element.
And the dynamic item element processing module is used for determining the number and the length of the dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item elements according to the values of the dynamic item elements when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the dynamic item elements.
The common item element processing module specifically comprises:
and the non-processing unit is used for directly taking the data in the common item element as the target data value.
And the physical value calculating unit is used for multiplying the data in the common item elements by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value.
The bit analysis unit is used for judging whether the data in the common item element is of a bit type or a non-bit type, and if the data in the common item element is of the non-bit type, the data in the common item element is split according to bits; if the data is bit type data, no processing is performed.
And the bit analysis-physical value calculation unit is used for multiplying a selected numerical value in the data in the common item element by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value when the bit analysis unit judges that the data in the common item element is of a bit type.
And the BCD code processing unit is used for converting the data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes to obtain target data values.
And the combined function processing unit is used for converting the data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes, multiplying the result of the conversion processing by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value.
Each protocol item further comprises a frame head, a frame tail and a check data element, the receiving end further comprises a check module used for calculating a check result according to a preset check calculation method, the check result is compared with the check data element, if the check result is the same as the check data element, data transmission is correct, and if the check result is different from the check data element, data transmission is wrong. The preset check calculation method may be a 16-bit check sum calculation method or an 8-bit check sum calculation method.
Specifically, the protocol set used by the present invention is shown in fig. 2, wherein the meaning of each part content of the protocol format is as follows:
(1) the protocol set is a set of protocols composed of a plurality of protocol items, when the joint test system works, a large amount of information such as instructions, states, working parameters, measurement data and the like generally needs to be transmitted between systems/devices, and various information needs to be transmitted by adopting corresponding user interface protocols, so that the protocol set composed of the plurality of protocol items is needed to define transmission specifications of various information.
(2) The protocol item refers to a specific protocol message, and the general structure is "frame head + data element + frame tail + check data element". In a communication protocol, a check mechanism is usually required to be added to ensure the correctness of data transmission in the communication process, so that an attribute of 'whether the protocol item needs to be checked' is added to the protocol item to identify whether the protocol item needs to check and calculate the protocol data packet when receiving the protocol data packet. Common checksum algorithms include 16-bit checksum calculation, 8-bit checksum calculation. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: and calculating a check data element value by a check sum algorithm at a sending end, calculating the check data element value by the same check sum algorithm aiming at the received data packet at a receiving end, and if the check data element value and the check data element value are equal, considering that the data transmission is correct, otherwise, judging that the data transmission is incorrect.
(3) The head of the protocol frame is arranged at the forefront of the protocol item, the tail of the protocol frame is arranged at the rearmost of the protocol item, the head of the protocol frame is composed of one or more data items, and the tail of the protocol frame can be optional. Typically, the header/trailer is composed of data items with non-variable values, the data values are specified by users, and the header/trailer is the combination of data items based on the non-variable values to uniquely identify each protocol item in a protocol set. In a special case, the frame header/frame trailer contains variable value data elements, which cannot be used as data items for identifying protocol items. Therefore, in the protocol item, the frame header must contain at least one immutable value data item. In the protocol identification process, the matching is carried out by depending on the frame head/frame tail of the unchangeable value, and the frame head/frame tail of the changeable value is ignored.
(4) The protocol element refers to real effective data transmitted between systems/devices, and is divided into a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element in order to realize the universal description of a protocol format.
(5) The common item element is a protocol element which needs to be subjected to function processing, the function processing is that the element value in the data packet can be subjected to function calculation or conversion to obtain a target element with actual physical significance, and the processing function is as follows:
a) "not process" means that conversion is not required, and the data value in the data packet is the target data value;
b) the "physical value calculation" means that the data value in the packet needs to be multiplied by a multiplying factor to obtain the target data value, and an offset may be added thereto, and may be expressed as y ═ kx + b. When the element is used for calculating a physical value, whether the highest bit of the source data is a sign bit or not needs to be considered, after the source data is calculated by the physical value, the data type may be changed, and the source data type is converted into a target data type;
c) the "bit resolution" is divided into bit resolution of bit type elements and bit resolution of non-bit type elements. Bit parsing of a non-bit type element means that some bits or bit combinations of the element represent specific meanings, and when a data packet is parsed, bit-wise splitting processing needs to be performed on the data element; bit analysis of bit type elements means that some values of the elements represent specific meanings, the element values are an integer and do not need to be split;
d) the 'bit resolution or physical value' is a processing function specific to bit type elements, and means that some value or values of the element represent specific meanings, and other values except the specific meanings need to be subjected to physical value calculation. For example, the length of a bit type element is 2 bits, when the element takes the value 00, it indicates "equipment failure", and when the value is 01, 10, 11, it needs to perform physical value calculation y equal to 100x +10 to obtain the corresponding target data value 110, 210, 310.
e) "BCD encoding" refers to converting data values in a data packet into target data values according to 8421 codes. For example, some DWORD unsigned shaping value is 776, binary expression is 001100001000, and after BCD encoding, the target data value is 308, and the source data to be BCD encoded must be unsigned;
f) the "combined function processing" is to combine the processing functions, and sequentially process the processing functions according to a function combination order, for example, "BCD coding" + "physical value calculation y ═ 0.1 x" combination, input DWORD type data elements are 777, output 309 after BCD coding, and multiply by multiplying factor 0.1, and finally obtain FLOAT type target data elements 30.9.
(6) The branch item element means that the element has a plurality of different branch paths according to different element values, each branch can contain a plurality of data elements, and the element type in the branch can be any type of common items, branch items, protocol items and dynamic items.
(7) The protocol item element means that the element contains a sub-protocol item, the protocol with the protocol item element is called a nested protocol, and the element type of the sub-protocol in the protocol item element can be any type of a common item, a branch item, a protocol item and a dynamic item.
(8) The dynamic item element refers to the element which contains some data elements which can repeatedly appear, and the data elements are common item element types and are divided into static elements and dynamic elements. Static elements refer to data elements that can and can only appear once in a data packet, dynamic elements refer to data elements that can continuously and repeatedly appear for multiple times in the data packet, and the data value appearing each time can be different. Each dynamic item element contains a set of consecutive dynamic elements, which may or may not contain static elements. The data value of a dynamic item element represents the length of the dynamic element repeatedly appearing inside the dynamic item element and is expressed by byte. A protocol item may contain multiple pieces of dynamic elements that can repeatedly appear, that is, a protocol item may contain multiple dynamic item elements, and each dynamic item element contains only one piece of dynamic element that can repeatedly appear.
The specific implementation of the protocol can refer to a generic protocol template editing software class diagram shown in fig. 3, and various types in the diagram are respectively described below:
(1) protocol manager class: the class provides functions of adding protocol items, deleting protocol items, updating protocol items, loading protocols, saving protocols and the like.
(2) The protocol item class: the protocol item information is a complete description of a protocol, wherein the header, the trailer and the element information of the protocol are stored in a linked list. Protocol repeatability is a property specific to a sub-protocol, expressed in an enumerated manner. The repetition frequency is 1, which means that the subprotocol must appear and the occurrence frequency is 1; the repetition times are '0.. 1' to indicate that the subprotocol may or may not occur, and if the subprotocol occurs, the subprotocol occurs only once; n "indicates that the sub-protocol item must occur and may occur multiple times; n "indicates that the sub-protocol entry may or may not occur, and may or may not occur multiple times.
(3) Frame header and frame trailer type: this type represents each header/trailer in the protocol entry.
(4) Element class: the content specified by a protocol element is a physical data unit in the actual communication transmission. The processing mode information is used for storing processing function information of common item elements and is expressed in an enumeration mode; the element bit array is used for storing bit information of the bit resolution processing function; the combined function linked list is used for storing combined function information; the element branch chain table is used for storing branches of branch item elements; the 'sub protocol item mapping table' is used for storing the sub protocol information of the protocol item element; the 'dynamic item element linked list' is used for storing static and dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item elements;
(5) branch type: the class represents the attribute of a branch of the branch entry element, and comprises a branch entry sequence number, a jump value, an element array in the branch and the like.
(6) Element bit class: the class represents a particular meaning that is represented by some of the elemental bit combinations in the elemental data type elements.
(7) bit type element bit class: the class represents a particular meaning of some of the values of the bit type elements.
(8) Physical value class: the class represents a physical value processing function class of a common item element and comprises attributes such as an unsigned bit, a coefficient k, a coefficient b, a target data type and the like.
There is a correlation between classes: a protocol item must contain a frame head and an element, and may contain a frame tail, so that a composite aggregation relationship exists between a protocol item class and the frame head class and between the protocol item class and the frame tail class, and a shared aggregation relationship exists between the protocol item class and the frame head class and between the frame tail class. If the element is a generic term, the element may have a certain processing function; if the element is a branch item, the element includes a plurality of branches; if the element is a protocol item, the element comprises a plurality of subprotocols; if the element is a dynamic item, the element includes several elements. Therefore, the element class, the element bit class, the bit type element bit class and the physical value class share the aggregation relation; the element class and the branch class are sharing aggregation relations; the element class and the protocol item class are sharing aggregation relations; the element classes and the element classes are shared aggregation relationships. A branch of an element must contain several elements, so the branch class and the element class are in a composite aggregation relationship.
The invention also includes a communication method based on universal protocol, the method is used for transmitting information between the transmitting end and the receiving end, characterized in that, the communication protocol set between the transmitting end and the receiving end is composed of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item includes a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is one of common item element, branch item element, protocol item element and dynamic item element,
the receiving end is used for executing the following steps:
receiving information from a transmitting end; analyzing the information from the sending end, and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information; when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is a common item element, converting data in the common item element into a target element with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in a protocol set; when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is the protocol item element, judging which of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element the element in the protocol item nested sub-protocol item is according to the data in the protocol item element, and selecting a corresponding processing module for processing according to the judgment result; when the protocol element analysis module analyzes that the element type of the protocol item is a branch item element, determining which branches are specifically contained in the branch item according to the value of the branch item element, wherein each branch contains a plurality of elements, and the type of each element can be one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element; and when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is the dynamic item element, determining the number and the length of the dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item element according to the value of the dynamic item element.
When the protocol element analyzing module analyzes that the element type of the protocol item is a common item element, the following steps are specifically executed: directly taking data in the common item elements as target data values; multiplying the data in the common item elements by a preset multiplying factor, and adding the offset to obtain a target data value; judging whether the data in the common item element is of a bit type or a non-bit type, and if the data in the common item element is of the non-bit type, splitting the data in the common item element according to bits; if the data is bit type data, no processing is carried out; and when the bit analysis unit judges that the data in the common item element is of a bit type, multiplying a selected numerical value in the data in the common item element by a preset multiplying factor, and adding the offset to obtain a target data value.
After receiving the information from the sending end and before analyzing the information from the sending end, the method further comprises a checking step, wherein the checking step is used for calculating a checking result according to a preset checking calculation method, comparing the checking result with a checking data element, if the checking result is the same as the checking data element, the data transmission is correct, and if the checking result is different from the checking data element, the data transmission is wrong.
The preset check calculation method is a 16-bit check sum calculation method or an 8-bit check sum calculation method.
The method of the present invention is the same as the communication method based on the communication protocol, and is a method for implementing the system of the present invention, and the principle of the method is not described in detail here.
The invention can be at least suitable for a command control system and radar user interface protocol, a wireless communication transmission protocol, a transport vehicle equipment user interface protocol, a missile and carrier user interface protocol and a console and radio station user interface protocol. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, analyzing a certain command control system and a radar user interface protocol:
in a distributed simulation test system, many device resources use ethernet interfaces for data communication. The ship control system, the combat system, the measurement radar, the control system and other bottom layer communication mostly adopt the Ethernet for data transmission. Data communication is carried out among all equipment resources in the distributed simulation test system formed by the Ethernet, some equipment also needs to execute certain operations depending on received data and instructions, and a plurality of network node equipment resources coordinate to work to jointly complete system tasks. Therefore, the requirements of the open system and the interoperation conditions are met on the application layer or the user layer above the application layer and other high-level protocols and specifications. At present, information access is carried out between commercial computer devices through application layer protocols such as FTP (file transfer protocol), HTTP (WWW protocol) and the like, but characteristics such as data structures defined by the protocols are not suitable for real-time communication between resource devices in the field of distributed simulation testing. In order to meet the application requirements of the distributed simulation test system, a complete and effective application layer and user layer communication service model must be established, a universal application layer and user layer protocol, namely a user interface protocol, is formed, and an open standard is further formed.
The following will analyze the user interface protocol format of some systems with typical characteristics based on the ethernet interface communication, and summarize the characteristics of each user interface protocol as the basis for the design of the universal user interface protocol format herein. And the table 2-1 shows that the radar is to be accessed into a certain command system, and the command system and the radar exchange information protocol. The operating process of the radar controlled by the command control system is as follows:
step 1: after starting up, the command control system sends a self-checking instruction to the radar, and the radar feeds back working state information;
step 2: the command control system sends a reset command to the radar, and the radar feeds back working state information;
and 3, step 3: the command control system sends an initialization instruction to the radar, sets working parameters of the radar, and the radar sets a working mode according to the received working parameters and feeds back working state and working mode information;
and 4, step 4: the command control system sends a starting working instruction to the radar, and the radar feeds back working state information;
and 5, step 5: the radar starts working, and periodically sends radar data information to the command control system;
and 6, step 6: and after the test is finished, the command control system sends a stop working command to the radar, and the radar feeds back working state information.
TABLE 2-1 protocol for exchanging information between a command system and a radar
The protocol for each information unit of table 2-1 is described in detail below:
(1) self-test instruction
The self-checking instruction is simple, only a self-checking instruction code needs to be sent to the radar, and a communication protocol which is processed by an actual self-checking instruction protocol after decryption is shown in a table 2-2. The instructions for resetting, starting and stopping are similar to the self-checking instructions, but the instruction codes are different, and are not described herein again.
As can be seen from table 2-2, the length of the self-check command packet is 9 bytes, and the "data unit sequence number", the "data unit identifier" and the "data unit length" can be used as the header of the protocol frame. The "data unit sequence number" changes in value when the data packet is edited each time, belongs to a variable value frame header element, and cannot be used as a protocol identification basis. The "data unit identifier" and the "data unit length" have fixed data values and can be used as the basis of the protocol identifier. The "timestamp" element indicates the data generation time, and as the least significant bit of the LSB in the table is 0.1, the timestamp for converting the data value in the data packet into the actual meaning needs to be multiplied by the multiplying factor of 0.1. The element value of the self-checking instruction code is A1H, and when the radar receives the self-checking instruction code, the working state information is fed back to the finger control system.
TABLE 2-2 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR SELF-TEST INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Initialization instruction
The initialization command sends an initialization command code to the radar, and simultaneously needs to send initialization parameters, and the communication protocol format of the initialization command after decryption processing is shown in tables 2-3.
As can be seen from the table, the length of the initialization command packet is 15 bytes, and the "data unit sequence number", "data unit identifier" and "data unit length" can be used as the header of the protocol frame. Wherein, the "data unit sequence number" is a variable value frame header, and the "data unit identifier" and the "data unit length" are fixed frame headers. The data bit combinations in the "state control word 1", "state control word 2", "I bin", and "H bin" represent different state information, and therefore, the element needs to be split by bit.
TABLE 2-3 initialization instruction communication protocol
(3) Radar status information
And after receiving the control instruction and executing the corresponding operation, the radar state information sends the working state information of the radar to the command control system. The radar enters different working modes after receiving different instructions, all working states cannot be simply represented by the same state word, and in the radar state information communication protocol, different working states are distinguished by sub-protocols, as shown in tables 2-4. The radar state information communication protocol comprises two subprotocol items, namely a self-checking state subprotocol and an initialization state subprotocol, wherein the self-checking state subprotocol and the initialization state subprotocol cannot appear simultaneously in the protocol, and which subprotocol item is carried in a data packet needs to be identified through a state mark.
The self-checking status subprotocol after decryption processing is shown in tables 2-5, and when the status flag is 41H, it is indicated as the self-checking status. The initialization status subprotocol after decryption is shown in tables 2 to 6, and when the status flag is 43H, it is indicated as initialization status. The initialization state not only contains radar working state information, but also contains the current radar working mode information, and the radar working mode information is returned through a state word 1, a state word 2, an I working frequency point and an H working frequency point.
TABLE 2-4 Radar status information communication protocol
(4) Radar data information
The radar data information is used for providing found target information for the control system, and as the radar can detect a plurality of targets simultaneously, in the radar data information communication protocol, the information such as types, characteristics, positions and the like of the targets are repeated for a plurality of times according to the number of the targets, and the radar data information belongs to dynamic elements. The representation mode of the target position information is determined by the value of a target parameter representation mode element, and the target parameter representation mode element belongs to a branch element. When the element value is C1H, the target position information is expressed by relative coordinates, and the data values carried in the data packet represent the target distance and the target direction; when the element value is C2H, the destination position information is expressed in absolute coordinates, and the data values carried in the data packet represent "destination coordinate X", "destination coordinate Y", and "destination coordinate Z". The format of the radar data information communication protocol which is processed by decryption according to the actual radar data information protocol is shown in tables 2 to 7.
TABLE 2-6 initialization State subprotocol
TABLE 2-7 Radar data information communication protocol
Tables 2-7 (continuation table)
As can be seen from tables 2 to 7, since the radar data information communication protocol includes a dynamic element repeated many times and a branch element having a branch path, the length of the protocol is uncertain, and unlike the above-mentioned protocol, the "data unit length" changes when a packet is edited, and belongs to a variable-value frame header. In the data elements of the protocol, the target batch number needs to be subjected to BCD code conversion; the target track quality needs to be split according to positions; the "target distance", "target azimuth", "target coordinate X", "target coordinate Y", and "target coordinate Z" need to be multiplied by corresponding magnification to obtain a target element value having a practical meaning.
The last field of the radar data information communication protocol is a checksum field, and the checksum field is used for verifying data of the user data packet by adopting a checksum algorithm so as to ensure the correctness of transmitted data. The protocol adopts 16-bit accumulated code reversal operation, and when a data packet is sent, the user data packet checksum calculation method is as follows:
step 1: setting the checksum field to 0;
step 2: accumulating the data to be checked one by one according to 16 bits, sequentially carrying out binary system inverse code summation, storing the accumulated result in a 32-bit numerical value, and if the total number of bytes is an odd number, independently adding the last byte;
and step 3: adding the high 16 bits of the accumulation result to the low 16 bits, and repeating the process until the high 16 bits are all 0;
and 4, step 4: the obtained 16-bit value is inverted and stored in the checksum field.
The format of the protocol processed by decryption according to a certain wireless communication transmission information protocol is shown in tables 2 to 8. The protocol uses bit as basic unit to transmit data. As can be seen from tables 2 to 8, the data length of the communication protocol is 72 bits, where the "signal identifier" and the "signal check" can be used as a frame header and a frame trailer of the protocol, respectively, and have fixed values, which can be used for protocol identification and protocol check. The "coordinate control bit" element is 1bit in length, belongs to a branch element, and has 2 branches. When the value of the coordinate control bit is 0, the coordinate control bit enters a longitude and latitude coordinate branch, the element in the branch is a longitude and latitude coefficient control bit, the length of the element of the longitude and latitude coefficient control bit is 2 bits, the element also belongs to a branch element, different branches correspond to different resolution coefficients, the element has 3 branches, and each branch comprises 3 elements which are respectively longitude, latitude and height. When the value of the coordinate control bit is 1, an XY-value coordinate branch is entered, and the branch contains 3 elements of X coordinate, Y coordinate and Z coordinate. Different bit combinations of the "device state" element represent different meanings. The 000 value of the "target speed" element represents a special meaning, and other values need to be multiplied by a multiplying factor of 0.01 plus an offset of 10 to obtain a target speed value with practical meaning. The protocol format in tables 2-8 is parsed and shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 2-8 certain Wireless communication Transmission protocol
Tables 2-8 (continuation table)
Through the analysis of the communication protocol between the above-mentioned certain command control system and radar and the format of certain wireless communication transmission protocol, the characteristics of the user interface protocol based on the ethernet interface are summarized as follows:
(1) the data type of the protocol element comprises a character string type besides the basic data type byte \ char \ short \ word \ int \ dword \ float \ double;
(2) the protocol frame header comprises a fixed frame header and a variable frame header, and only the fixed frame header can be used for protocol identification;
(3) some protocol elements need to be subjected to function processing conversion, and processing functions comprise physical value calculation, BCD encoding and bitwise analysis processing;
(4) there are branch elements in the protocol with different branch paths;
(5) there are elements in a protocol that contain sub-protocols;
(6) dynamic elements which can repeatedly appear for many times exist in the protocol;
(7) protocol data is designed according to bit.
Second, certain transport vehicle equipment user interface protocol analysis
The bottom layers of all devices in a transport vehicle communicate through a CAN bus, the CAN bus communication protocol is established on the basis of an OSI seven-layer open interconnection reference model, but the CAN bus communication protocol only defines the lowest two layers of the OSI reference model, namely a data link layer and a physical layer, and only ensures error-free data transmission among nodes. The application layer communication protocol, i.e., the user interface protocol, of the CAN is self-defined by the user with reference to some standard protocol specified by the international organization. As the CAN bus communication technology is applied more and more widely in the field of vehicle electronics, the description of the protocol consistency specification becomes more and more important.
According to a communication protocol between transport vehicle devices based on CAN bus communication, the communication protocol after decryption processing and arrangement is shown in tables 2-9, which show user interface protocols of A device and equipment. As can be seen from tables 2 to 9, the length of the data packet is 8 bytes, wherein the "signal identifier" occupies 1 byte and has a fixed data value of 70H, and the "signal identifier" can be understood as a frame header of the protocol, and when the receiving end parses out that the first byte value of the received data packet is 70H, it is known that the data packet represents the status information of the device a. The status flag occupies 1 byte, when the 8 bits of the status flag are all 0, i.e. 00H, the status flag indicates normal, and when the 8 bits of the status flag are all 1, i.e. FFH, the data is not ready, i.e. the meaning of the status flag is determined by the data bits. The "device status" element indicates the status of the A-1 device, and as can be seen from tables 2-10, the 8 bits of the byte each indicate a different meaning. The 'frequency' element is known from the LSB least significant bit of 0.1 in the table, the frequency value of the data value in the data packet to be converted into the actual meaning needs to be multiplied by a coefficient of 0.1, and the 'phase voltage' element is also processed in the same way. The element of "phase current" does not need to be converted in multiplying factor, and the data value in the data packet is the phase current value in practical meaning. The element of the state parameter is also divided according to Bit to represent different meanings, wherein the low 2 bits 1-0 represent signal states, and the high 6 bits 7-2 represent connection states of No. 1-6 sensors respectively.
TABLE 2-9A device communication protocol
Tables 2-9 (continuation table)
TABLE 2-10A-1 device State definition
Through analyzing the user interface protocol format of the device A and the equipment on a certain transport vehicle, the characteristics of the user interface protocol based on the CAN interface are summarized as follows:
(1) the data is analyzed according to the position to represent different meanings;
(2) the data needs to be subjected to multiplying power conversion to obtain a target data value;
(3) the data type of the target data value is different from that of the source data value, and the target data value is converted into a floating point number from an integer;
(4) the target data value is directly obtained without processing.
Third, some missile and carrier user interface protocol analysis
The bottom layer between a certain missile and an aircraft is communicated through a 1553B interface, tables 2 to 11 are protocol formats which are processed through decryption and then are arranged according to a 1553B communication-based user interface protocol between the certain missile and the aircraft, and only part of data elements in the communication protocol are selected in the tables. In this protocol, data elements are divided into two types of processing and non-processing. Among the data elements to be processed, there are two types, a signed bit and an unsigned bit. The most significant bit of the data element with the sign bit is the sign bit, and when the element is processed, the positive and negative of the element need to be judged firstly, and then the value of the data element except the sign bit is multiplied by the multiplying power and added with the offset. For data elements with no sign bit, the data value including the highest bit is acquired during processing and multiplied by the multiplying factor plus the offset to obtain target data.
TABLE 2-11 certain missile-to-aircraft communication protocol
By analyzing the format of the 1553B communication-based user interface protocol, the characteristics of the 1553B interface-based user interface protocol are summarized as follows:
(1) the data needs to be subjected to multiplying power conversion to obtain a target data value, and offsets need to be added to some data elements;
(2) when the physical value is calculated, the data element is divided into a signed bit and an unsigned bit, and the highest bit of the signed bit element represents the signed bit;
(3) the target data value is directly obtained without processing.
Fourth, some controller and radio station user interface protocol analysis
In some practical communication systems, data packets need to be transmitted between a computer and a hardware device, and the hardware device only provides a standard RS422 or RS232 serial interface to communicate with the outside, and in this case, data can be transmitted between the hardware device and the computer only in a serial manner. The Serial communication method usually selects a Serial line internet Protocol (Serial line internet Protocol), which is a SLIP Protocol, as a data transmission Protocol. In the following, taking a communication protocol between a certain controller and a station as an example, a user interface protocol under the RS422 interface is analyzed. The control interface between the devices adopts an RS422 asynchronous serial communication interface, the transmission protocol adopts a SLIP protocol, and the user information frame encapsulation format of the SLIP protocol is shown in fig. 5.
SLIP is a simple character-oriented protocol, and the steps of SLIP encapsulation of user information frames are as follows:
step 1: adding a special mark byte END (7EH) at the head and the tail of each user information frame respectively, and packaging into a SLIP frame;
step 2: if a certain byte in the user information frame is the same as the flag byte END (7EH), the byte is replaced by (DBH, DCH), and the special character (DBH, DCH) is called SLIP escape character ESC;
and step 3: if two bytes in the user information frame are the same as the special character (DBH, DCH), the two bytes are replaced by (DBH, DDH), and the special character (DBH, DDH) is referred to as a two-layer escape character ESC.
Based on the above-mentioned SLIP protocol encapsulation format and encapsulation process of a certain device, it is summarized that the processing procedure of the RS 422-based user interface protocol after SLIP protocol encapsulation is as follows:
the special flag byte END (7EH) may be used as a header of a protocol frame, where an escape character of the header of the protocol frame is DBDCH and occupies 2 bytes, and a two-layer escape character of the escape character DBDCH is DBDDH and occupies 2 bytes. When the sending end of the protocol data packet codes the protocol data, if the value of a certain element in the protocol item is 7EH, the element value is converted into a DBDCH write data packet during packaging, and if the value of a certain element in the protocol item is DBDCH, the element value is converted into a DBDDH write data packet during packaging. When the receiving end decodes the protocol data packet, after the matching of the protocol frame header is successful, firstly judging whether a DBDCH element exists in the protocol data packet, if so, converting the DBDCH element into 7EH, then judging whether a DBDDH element exists in the protocol data packet, if so, converting the DBDDH element into the DBDCH element, and recovering the processed protocol data packet into a real data value.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A communication system based on a universal protocol comprises a sending end and a receiving end, wherein a communication protocol set between the sending end and the receiving end consists of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item comprises a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is specifically one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element,
the receiving end specifically includes:
the information receiving module is used for receiving information from the sending end;
the protocol element analysis module is used for analyzing the information from the sending end and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information;
the common item element processing module is used for converting the data in the common item elements into target elements with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in the protocol set when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are common item elements;
the protocol item element processing module is used for judging which of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element the element in the protocol item nested sub-protocol item is according to the data in the protocol item element when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module is the protocol item element, and then selecting a corresponding processing module for processing according to the judgment result;
the branch item element processing module is used for determining which branches are specifically contained in the branch items according to the values of the branch item elements when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the branch item elements, each branch contains a plurality of elements, and the type of each element is one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element;
the dynamic item element processing module is used for determining the number and the length of the dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item elements according to the values of the dynamic item elements when the element types of the protocol items analyzed by the protocol element analyzing module are the dynamic item elements;
the method is characterized in that the common item element processing module specifically comprises:
the non-processing unit is used for directly taking data in the common item elements as target data values;
the physical value calculating unit is used for multiplying the data in the common item elements by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value;
the bit analysis unit is used for judging whether the data in the common item element is of a bit type or a non-bit type, and if the data in the common item element is of the non-bit type, the data in the common item element is split according to bits; if the data is bit type data, no processing is carried out;
the bit analysis-physical value calculation unit is used for multiplying a selected numerical value in the data in the common item element by a preset multiplying factor and adding an offset to obtain a target data value when the bit analysis unit judges that the data in the common item element is of a bit type;
the BCD code processing unit is used for converting the data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes to obtain a target data value;
and the combined function processing unit is used for firstly converting the data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes, multiplying the conversion result by a preset multiplying factor and adding the offset to obtain a target data value.
2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein each protocol item further comprises a frame header, a frame trailer and a check data element, and the receiving end further comprises a check module for calculating a check result according to a predetermined check calculation method, comparing the check result with the check data element, and if the check result is the same as the check data element, indicating that the data transmission is correct, and if the check result is different from the check data element, indicating that the data transmission is incorrect.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined checksum calculation method is a 16-bit checksum calculation method or an 8-bit checksum calculation method.
4. A communication method based on a universal protocol is used for transmitting information between a sending end and a receiving end, a communication protocol set between the sending end and the receiving end consists of a plurality of protocol items, each protocol item comprises a protocol element, the type of the protocol element is one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element,
the receiving end is used for executing the following steps:
receiving information from a transmitting end;
analyzing the information from the sending end, and judging the type of the protocol element of each protocol item in the information;
when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is a common item element, converting data in the common item element into a target element with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in a protocol set;
when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is the protocol item element, judging which of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element the element in the protocol item nested sub-protocol item is according to the data in the protocol item element, and selecting a corresponding processing module for processing according to the judgment result;
when the protocol element analysis module analyzes that the element type of the protocol item is a branch item element, determining which branches are specifically contained in the branch item according to the value of the branch item element, wherein each branch contains a plurality of elements, and the type of each element is one of a common item element, a branch item element, a protocol item element and a dynamic item element;
when the element type of the protocol item analyzed by the protocol element analysis module is a dynamic item element, determining the number and the length of the dynamic elements contained in the dynamic item element according to the value of the dynamic item element;
when the protocol element analysis module analyzes that the element type of the protocol item is a common item element, the data in the common item element is converted into a target element with actual physical significance according to a function relation preset in a protocol set, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. directly taking data in the common item elements as target data values;
2. multiplying the data in the common item elements by a preset multiplying factor, and adding the offset to obtain a target data value;
3. judging whether the data in the common item element is of a bit type or a non-bit type, and if the data in the common item element is of the non-bit type, splitting the data in the common item element according to bits; if the data is bit type data, no processing is carried out;
4. when the bit analysis unit judges that the data in the common item element is of a bit type, multiplying a selected numerical value in the data in the common item element by a preset multiplying factor, and adding an offset to obtain a target data value;
5. converting data in the common item elements according to 8421 codes to obtain target data values;
6. firstly, data in the common item elements are converted according to 8421 codes, and then the conversion result is multiplied by a preset multiplying factor, and offset is added to obtain a target data value.
5. The communication method according to claim 4, further comprising a verification step of calculating a verification result according to a predetermined verification calculation method, comparing the verification result with the verification data element, if the verification result is the same as the verification result, indicating that the data transmission is correct, and if the verification result is different from the verification result, indicating that the data transmission is incorrect, after receiving the information from the transmitting end and before analyzing the information from the transmitting end.
6. The communication method according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined checksum calculation method is a 16-bit checksum calculation method or an 8-bit checksum calculation method.
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