CN107543751B - A kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental method - Google Patents
A kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental methods, feature is that rest pad is arranged in the upper end of bracket, the transmission bar of tubulose is vertically arranged, and the upper end of transmission bar is fixedly connected with rest pad, choose material, length, the incident bar of diameter tubulose identical with transmission bar, by incident bar be vertically arranged in the lower section of transmission bar and with transmission bar it is coaxial, the lower end of incident bar has been wholely set boss, test specimen is fixed between the lower end of transmission bar and the upper end of incident bar, emit trip rod, trip rod hits the boss for being fixed on incident bar lower end, measure strain signal, after measured strain signal is substituted into relational expression processing, obtain the axial engineering stress of test specimen in an experiment, engineering strain and engineering strain rate time-history curves；Advantage is to realize continual and steady experiment strain rate；And in the case where testing same maximum strain with traditional Hopkinson pull rod, the strain rate of this method can reach 10S‑1Magnitude.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental methods for testing material dynamic property more particularly to a kind of material large deformation to rush
Hit stretching experiment method.
Background technique
The determination of mechanical response characteristic and failure condition of the engineering material under Dynamic Loading Condition is engineering design, engineering
One of most basic precondition of simulation and analysis.It generallys use material constitutive equation and relevant parameter and material damage item
Part describes, and needs to determine by MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC loading experiment.
Separate type Hopkinson pull rod is most widely used now and is considered reliable, effective test material Large strain
The experimental provision of stretching mechanic characteristic under rate can be used to test various engineering material 102~103S-1Within the scope of magnitude strain rate
Dynamic stress-strain curve and material failure strain.Compared with other measuring technologies, Hopkinson pull rod experiment has
The advantages that load is steady controllable, measuring accuracy is high, device is durable reliable.But traditional Hopkinson pull rod is in device total length
In limited situation, biggish experiment strain can only be realized under improved strain rate, and in 100S-1Lead under the strain rate of magnitude
It is unable to reach sufficiently large experiment strain often to which the failure strain of material can not be measured.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of achievable test specimens in 10S-1Material under magnitude strain rate
Dynamic tensile load-deformation curve is tested and in 100s-1The material of the tensile failure strain testing of material under magnitude strain rate
Large deformation tensile impact experimental method.
The technical scheme of the invention to solve the technical problem is: a kind of material large deformation tensile impact experiment side
Method, comprising the following specific steps
(1), bracket upper end be arranged rest pad, the transmission bar of tubulose is vertically arranged, and by the upper end of transmission bar with
Rest pad is fixedly connected, and the material wave impedance of rest pad is more than or equal to the material wave impedance of transmission bar, and the cross section of rest pad
Product is more than or equal to 100 times of transmission bar cross-sectional area, and the weight of rest pad is more than or equal to 50 times of transmission bar weight；
(2), high pressure gas big gun is fixedly installed on bracket, transmission bar passes through high pressure gas big gun, and transmission bar and height straight down
The gun tube coaxial arrangement calmed the anger in big gun, seals, trip rod is co-axially located in gun tube between the upper end and transmission bar of high pressure gas big gun
And it is coaxially set in outside transmission bar；
(3), choose material, length, diameter tubulose identical with transmission bar incident bar, incident bar is vertically arranged in
The lower section of transmission bar and coaxial with transmission bar, the lower end of incident bar has been wholely set boss, and branch is fixedly installed in the lower end of bracket
Spring is supportted, support spring is vertically supported on the lower end surface of boss, and energy absorbent block is arranged in the underface of boss, then in incidence
It is coaxially arranged conduit on bar, and conduit and bracket are fixed, there is the gap slid into for trip rod between incident bar and conduit,
And meet relationship: 1.05 × (L between incident bar and trip rod0/C0)≤(Lstriker/Cstriker)≤1.1×(L0/C0), in which:
L0、LstrikerThe respectively length of incident bar, trip rod, C0、CstrikerRespectively incident bar, the one-dimension stress wane in trip rod
Speed；
(4), test specimen is fixed between the lower end of transmission bar and the upper end of incident bar；
(5), two panels is fixed on the inner surface in incident bar close to lower end to be symmetrically used to test incidence along axial centre face
First foil gauge of wave strain signal, incident bar pipe outside diameter of the distance more than or equal to 2 times of the first foil gauge to incident bar lower end,
It is symmetrical along axial centre face to fix two panels on inner surface of the transmission bar close to lower end for incident bar pipe outside diameter less than or equal to 3 times
For testing the second foil gauge of transmitted wave strain signal, the distance of the second foil gauge to transmission bar lower end is more than or equal to 2 times
Transmission bar pipe outside diameter, the transmission bar pipe outside diameter less than or equal to 3 times, then by the first foil gauge and the second foil gauge respectively with it is super
Dynamic strain indicator electrical connection；
(6), high pressure gas big gun emits trip rod, and trip rod hits the boss for being fixed on incident bar lower end, and the first foil gauge is surveyed
Obtaining the strain signal on incident bar is εin(t), it is ε that the second foil gauge, which measures the strain signal on transmission bar,m(t)；
(7), by measured strain signal εin(t)、εm(t) following relationship is substituted into:
After processing, axial engineering stress, engineering strain and the engineering strain rate time-histories song of test specimen in an experiment are obtained
Line is realized in 10S-1The big change of material for test under the test of material for test dynamic mechanical or more high strain-rate under magnitude strain rate
The test of shape range dynamic mechanical, in above-mentioned all relational expressions,Indicate the second foil gauge institute in n time interval
Surveying the part caused by test specimen-transmission bar interaction, k in strain signal is summing target, and n indicates time interval
Number, the minimum time in the corresponding section is denoted asTime upper limit is denoted asIt indicates in n-1 time zone
The part caused by test specimen-transmission bar interaction, t in the surveyed strain signal of interior second foil gaugekIt indicates to correspond to
The time offset of summing target k, l are natural number, and the distance of the second foil gauge to transmission bar lower end surface is denoted as a, transmission bar
Length is denoted as L0, taIndicate 2 times of a of stress wave propagation apart from required time, tbIndicate 2 times of (L of stress wave propagation0- a) apart from institute
The time needed, i.e. ta=2a/C0, tb=2 (L0-a)/C0, C0Indicate the velocity of wave of one-dimension stress wane in incident bar and transmission bar,Indicate the part caused by test specimen-transmission bar interaction in the surveyed strain signal of the second foil gauge；εin
(t) strain signal on incident bar is measured for the first foil gauge,The strain signal measured for the first foil gauge is in t≤tBModel
Interior strain signal platform magnitude is enclosed, the distance of the first foil gauge to incident bar upper surface is denoted as B, tBIndicate stress wave propagation 2
Times B is apart from required time, i.e. tB=2B/C0, J is natural number, tLWhen indicating that 2 times of transmission bar bars of stress wave propagation are long required
Between, i.e. tL=2L0/C0, another summing target of i expression, itLIndicate the time offset of corresponding summing target i,To be substituted with (t-itL)Gained strain value, V when middle time tⅠIndicate test specimen in experimentation
With the particle velocity of incident bar interface, VⅡIndicate the particle velocity of test specimen and transmission bar interface in experimentation,Indicate the movement velocity of the only incident bar as caused by incident stress wave and test specimen contact face, σs(t) quilt is indicated
The axial engineering stress of test block in an experiment,Indicate the engineering strain rate of test specimen in an experiment, εs(t) table
Show the engineering strain of test specimen in an experiment, E0Indicate the elasticity modulus of transmission bar, A0Indicate the cross-sectional area of transmission bar, As
Indicate the initial cross sectional product of test specimen, hsIndicate the elemental height of test specimen.
Further, the material of the incident bar and the transmission bar is high-strength spring steel or aluminium alloy.
Further, buffer spring is fixedly installed between the rest pad and the upper end of the bracket.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that since the upper surface of transmission bar is fixedly installed rest pad, hits
Bar hits boss, after incident bar loads test specimen, generates reflection load wave using the upper end of transmission bar, realizes to quilt
The secondary lasting load of test block, 4 times or 4 times or more of a length of tradition Hopkinson pull rod experiment duration when making always to test, and
The constancy for testing strain rate is identical with the experiment of traditional Hopkinson pull rod in a loading procedure, in second load mistake
Difference very little is tested with traditional Hopkinson pull rod in journey, that is, realizes continual and steady experiment strain rate；And with tradition
Under the same experiment strain rate of Hopkinson pull rod experiment, the deformation of the test specimen of this method can reach traditional Hopkinson pull rod
4 times or more of experiment, or in the case where testing same maximum strain with traditional Hopkinson pull rod, the experiment strain rate of this method can be low
In traditional Hopkinson pull rod experiment 1/4 or less and can reach 10S-1Magnitude, but also may be implemented in 100s-1Magnitude strain
The tensile failure strain testing of material under rate；In addition, this method be applicable to include the various engineering material of metal etc. test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental provision schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is measured by the first foil gauge after trip rod shock incident bar in experimental method of the invention and the second foil gauge
Strain signal waveform；
Fig. 3 is the experiment true strain-that the present invention is converted to by the calculated engineering strain rate of test signal, engineering strain
True strain rate curve；
Fig. 4 is the true stress-true strain that the present invention is converted to by the calculated engineering stress-strain curve of test signal
Curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
As shown, a kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental method, comprising the following specific steps
(1), rest pad 2 is set in the upper end of bracket 1, is fixedly installed buffering elastic between rest pad 2 and the upper end of bracket 1
The transmission bar 4 of tubulose is vertically arranged by spring 3, and the upper end of transmission bar 4 is fixedly connected with rest pad 2, the material of rest pad 2
Wave impedance is more than or equal to the material wave impedance of transmission bar 4, and the cross-sectional area of rest pad 2 is more than or equal to 4 cross-sectional area of transmission bar
100 times, the weight of rest pad 2 is more than or equal to 50 times of 4 weight of transmission bar；
(2), high pressure gas big gun 5 is fixedly installed on bracket 1, transmission bar 4 passes through high pressure gas big gun 5, and transmission bar 4 straight down
It is coaxially disposed, is sealed between the upper end and transmission bar 4 of high pressure gas big gun 5, trip rod 6 is coaxially set with the gun tube 51 in high pressure gas big gun 5
It sets in gun tube 51 and is coaxially set in outside transmission bar 4；
(3), choose material, length, diameter tubulose identical with transmission bar 4 incident bar 7, incident bar 7 is set vertically
The lower section in transmission bar 4 and coaxial with transmission bar 4 is set, the lower end of incident bar 7 has been wholely set boss 71, in the lower end of bracket 1
Support spring 8 is fixedly installed, support spring 8 is vertically supported on the lower end surface of boss 71, and is arranged in the underface of boss 71
Energy absorbent block 9, is then coaxially arranged conduit 10 on incident bar 7, and conduit 10 and bracket 1 is fixed, incident bar 7 and conduit 10 it
Between there is the gap 14 that slides into for trip rod 6, and meet relationship: 1.05 × (L between incident bar 7 and trip rod 60/C0)≤
(Lstriker/Cstriker)≤1.1×(L0/C0), in which: L0、LstrikerThe respectively length of incident bar 7, trip rod 6, C0、
CstrikerRespectively incident bar 7, the one-dimensional stress velocity of wave in trip rod 6；
(4), test specimen 11 is fixed between the lower end of transmission bar 4 and the upper end of incident bar 7；
(5), two panels is fixed on the inner surface in incident bar 7 close to lower end to be symmetrically used to test incidence along axial centre face
First foil gauge 12 of wave strain signal, the distance of the first foil gauge 12 to 7 lower end of incident bar are more than or equal to 2 times of incident bar 7
Pipe outside diameter, the pipe outside diameter of incident bar 7 less than or equal to 3 times, fix two panels along axis on inner surface of the transmission bar 4 close to lower end
Symmetrically it is used to test the second foil gauge 13 of transmitted wave strain signal to median plane, the second foil gauge 13 arrives 4 lower end of transmission bar
Transmission bar 4 of the distance more than or equal to the pipe outside diameter of 2 times of transmission bar 4, less than or equal to 3 times pipe outside diameter, then first is answered
Become piece 12 and the second foil gauge 13 is electrically connected with high dynamic strain indicator (not shown) respectively；
(6), high pressure gas big gun 5 emits trip rod 6, and trip rod 6 hits the boss 71 for being fixed on 7 lower end of incident bar, and first answers
Become piece 12 and measures the strain signal on incident bar 7 as εin(t), it is ε that the second foil gauge 13, which measures the strain signal on transmission bar 4,m
(t)；
(7), by measured strain signal εin(t)、εm(t) following relationship is substituted into:
After processing, axial engineering stress, engineering strain and the engineering strain rate time-histories of test specimen 11 in an experiment are obtained
Curve is realized in 10S-1Material for test is big under the test of material for test dynamic mechanical or more high strain-rate under magnitude strain rate
The test of deformation range dynamic mechanical, in above-mentioned all relational expressions,Indicate the second foil gauge in n time interval
It is interacted generated part in 13 surveyed strain signals by 11-transmission bar of test specimen 4, k is summing target, when n is indicated
Between section number, the minimum time in the corresponding section is denoted asTime upper limit is denoted as It indicates in n-1
Between interacted generated part in the surveyed strain signal of the second foil gauge 13 by 11-transmission bar of test specimen 4 in section,
tkIndicate the time offset of corresponding summing target k, l is natural number, and the distance of the second foil gauge 13 to 4 lower end surface of transmission bar is remembered
Length for a, transmission bar 4 is denoted as L0, taIndicate 2 times of a of stress wave propagation apart from required time, tbIndicate 2 times of stress wave propagation
(L0- a) apart from required time, i.e. ta=2a/C0, tb=2 (L0-a)/C0, C0It indicates one-dimensional in incident bar 7 and transmission bar 4 to answer
The velocity of wave of Reeb,It indicates to be interacted in the surveyed strain signal of the second foil gauge 13 by 11-transmission bar of test specimen 4
Generated part；εin(t) strain signal on incident bar 7 is measured for the first foil gauge 12,For the survey of the first foil gauge 12
The strain signal obtained is in t≤tBStrain signal platform magnitude in range, the first foil gauge 12 arrive the distance of 7 upper surface of incident bar
It is denoted as B, tBIndicate 2 times of B of stress wave propagation apart from required time, i.e. tB=2B/C0, J is natural number, tLIndicate that stress wave passes
Broadcast 2 times of transmission bar bars long required time, i.e. tL=2L0/C0, another summing target of i expression, itLIndicate corresponding summing target i
Time offset,For with (t-itL) substitutionGained strain value, V when middle time tⅠIndicate experiment
The particle velocity of test specimen 11 and 7 interface of incident bar in the process, VⅡIndicate test specimen 11 and transmission bar 4 in experimentation
The particle velocity of interface,Indicate the only incident bar 7 as caused by incident stress wave and 11 contact face of test specimen
Movement velocity, σs(t) the axial engineering stress of test specimen 11 in an experiment is indicated,Indicate test specimen 11 in reality
Engineering strain rate in testing, εs(t) engineering strain of test specimen 11 in an experiment, E are indicated0Indicate the springform of transmission bar 4
Amount, A0Indicate the cross-sectional area of transmission bar 4, AsIndicate the initial cross sectional product of test specimen 11, hsIndicate the first of test specimen 11
Begin height.
In above-described embodiment, the material of incident bar 7 and transmission bar 4 is high-strength spring steel or aluminium alloy.
In above-described embodiment, it can be achieved that experiment strain rate can be by formulaEstimation obtains, in which:
For empirical average strain rate, εmaxFor the maximum strain that requirement of experiment is realized, example: the maximum strain ε that requirement of experiment is realizedmax=
0.1, when experiment, the bar of transmission bar 4 a length of 2m, C0=5160m/s are taken, then the empirical average strain rate obtained isTo also demonstrate in this method through measured strain signal εin(t)、εm(t) after relational expression is handled
It may be implemented in 10S-1The test of material for test dynamic mechanical under magnitude strain rate.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental method, it is characterised in that comprising the following specific steps
(1), rest pad is set in the upper end of bracket, the transmission bar of tubulose is vertically arranged, and by the upper end of transmission bar and bearing
Block is fixedly connected, and the material wave impedance of rest pad is more than or equal to the material wave impedance of transmission bar, and the cross-sectional area of rest pad is big
In being equal to 100 times of transmission bar cross-sectional area, the weight of rest pad is more than or equal to 50 times of transmission bar weight；
(2), high pressure gas big gun is fixedly installed on bracket, transmission bar passes through high pressure gas big gun, and transmission bar and high pressure gas straight down
Gun tube coaxial arrangement in big gun, seals between the upper end and transmission bar of high pressure gas big gun, and trip rod is co-axially located in gun tube and same
Axle sleeve is located at outside transmission bar；
(3), choose material, length, diameter tubulose identical with transmission bar incident bar, incident bar is vertically arranged in transmission
The lower section of bar and coaxial with transmission bar, the lower end of incident bar has been wholely set boss, in the lower end of bracket fixed setting support bullet
Spring, support spring are vertically supported on the lower end surface of boss, and energy absorbent block is arranged in the underface of boss, then on incident bar
It coaxially is arranged conduit, and conduit and bracket are fixed, there is the gap slid into for trip rod, and enter between incident bar and conduit
It penetrates and meets relationship between bar and trip rod: 1.05 × (L0/C0)≤(Lstriker/Cstriker)≤1.1×(L0/C0), in which: L0、
LstrikerThe respectively length of incident bar, trip rod, C0、CstrikerRespectively incident bar, the one-dimensional stress velocity of wave in trip rod；
(4), test specimen is fixed between the lower end of transmission bar and the upper end of incident bar；
(5), two panels is fixed on the inner surface in incident bar close to lower end be symmetrically used to test incidence wave along axial centre face answer
First foil gauge of varying signal, the distance of the first foil gauge to incident bar lower end is more than or equal to 2 times of incident bar pipe outside diameter and small
In the incident bar pipe outside diameter for being equal to 3 times, it is symmetrical along axial centre face that two panels is fixed on inner surface of the transmission bar close to lower end
For testing the second foil gauge of transmitted wave strain signal, the distance of the second foil gauge to transmission bar lower end is more than or equal to 2 times
Transmission bar pipe outside diameter and be less than or equal to 3 times of transmission bar pipe outside diameter, then by the first foil gauge and the second foil gauge respectively with it is super
Dynamic strain indicator electrical connection；
(6), high pressure gas big gun emits trip rod, and trip rod, which is hit, is fixed on the boss of incident bar lower end, the first foil gauge measure into
The strain signal penetrated on bar is εin(t), it is ε that the second foil gauge, which measures the strain signal on transmission bar,m(t)；
(7), by measured strain signal εin(t)、εm(t) following relationship is substituted into:
After processing, axial engineering stress, engineering strain and the engineering strain rate time-history curves of test specimen in an experiment are obtained, it is real
Present 10s-1Material for test large deformation model under the test of material for test dynamic mechanical or more high strain-rate under magnitude strain rate
Enclose the test of dynamic mechanical, in above-mentioned all relational expressions,It indicates that the second foil gauge is surveyed in n time interval to answer
The part caused by the interaction of one transmission bar of test specimen in varying signal, k are summing target, and n indicates time interval number, right
Should the minimum time in section be denoted asTime upper limit is denoted as It indicates the in n-1 time interval
The part caused by test specimen-transmission bar interaction, t in the surveyed strain signal of two foil gaugeskIndicate that corresponding summation refers to
The time offset of k is marked, l is natural number, and the distance of the second foil gauge to transmission bar lower end surface is denoted as a, the length note of transmission bar
For L0, taIndicate 2 times of a of stress wave propagation apart from required time, tbIndicate 2 times of (L of stress wave propagation0- a) apart from it is required when
Between, i.e. ta=2a/C0, tb=2 (L0-a)/C0, C0Indicate the velocity of wave of one-dimension stress wane in incident bar and transmission bar,It indicates
The part caused by test specimen-transmission bar interaction in the surveyed strain signal of second foil gauge；εin(t) it is answered for first
Become piece and measure the strain signal on incident bar,The strain signal measured for the first foil gauge is in t≤tBStrain letter in range
Number platform magnitude, the distance of the first foil gauge to incident bar upper surface are denoted as B, tBIndicate 2 times of B of stress wave propagation apart from required
Time, i.e. tB=2B/C0, J is natural number, tLIndicate 2 times of transmission bar bars of stress wave propagation long required time, i.e. tL=2L0/
C0, another summing target of i expression, itLIndicate the time offset of corresponding summing target i,For with (t-itL)
SubstitutionGained strain value, V when middle time tⅠIndicate the particle of test specimen and incident bar interface speed in experimentation
Degree, VⅡIndicate the particle velocity of test specimen and transmission bar interface in experimentation, VⅠ i(t) it indicates only to be drawn by incident stress wave
The movement velocity of the incident bar and test specimen contact face that rise, σs(t) indicate that the axial engineering of test specimen in an experiment is answered
Power,Indicate the engineering strain rate of test specimen in an experiment, εs(t) engineering strain of test specimen in an experiment is indicated,
E0Indicate the elasticity modulus of transmission bar, A0Indicate the cross-sectional area of transmission bar, AsIndicate the initial cross sectional product of test specimen, hs
Indicate the elemental height of test specimen.
2. a kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the incident bar
Material with the transmission bar is high-strength spring steel or aluminium alloy.
3. a kind of material large deformation tensile impact experimental method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rest pad
Buffer spring is fixedly installed between the upper end of the bracket.
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