CN107540756B - Blood coagulation promoting privet flower polysaccharide and extraction and separation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Blood coagulation promoting privet flower polysaccharide and extraction and separation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant extraction, and particularly relates to procoagulant ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide, and an extraction and separation method and application thereof. The extraction and separation method comprises the steps of degreasing privet flower, extracting water and precipitating alcohol to obtain crude polysaccharide, and then further purifying the crude polysaccharide after protein removal and decoloration by using a DEAE-52 cellulose chromatographic column and a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatographic column to obtain the ligustrum lucidum polysaccharide. The polysaccharide is inspected for the in vitro coagulation effect, and the result shows that the polysaccharide has good procoagulant effect and can be used for preparing procoagulant medicines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant extraction, and particularly relates to procoagulant ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide, and an extraction and separation method and application thereof.
Background
Glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidumAit) is plant of Ligustrum genus of Oleaceae family, produced in regions from south to south of Yangtze river and provinces of southwest, distributed to northwest of Shaanxi and Gansu, and distributed in Korea, and cultivated in India and Nipol. The dry fruit is glossy privet fruit, and has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, blackening hair and improving eyesight. At present, some researchers at home and abroad deeply research processing methods, pharmacological effects, chemical components and the like of glossy privet fruits, and chemical research shows that the glossy privet fruits contain active ingredients such as polysaccharides, organic acids, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids and the like, have the effects of resisting inflammation, reducing blood sugar, improving immunity of organisms, protecting livers and the like, while research on glossy privet flowers is only limited to extraction processes, volatile oil, flavonoids, terpenes and the like, and the research on glossy privet flower polysaccharides is not reported, so that the method not only improves in the polysaccharide field, but also provides wide prospects for further development and utilization of glossy privet flowers.
Coagulation is essentially the process of converting water-soluble fibrinogen into water-insoluble solid fibrin by producing prothrombin activator in the intrinsic or (and) extrinsic pathway of coagulation, producing thrombin by the action of coagulation factors, and finally converting fibrinogen into fibrin by the action of thrombin. Plasma Prothrombin Time (PT) primarily reflects the activity of clotting factors I, II, V, VII, X in the extrinsic coagulation pathway; the partial activation thromboplastin time (APTT) mainly reflects the condition of an intrinsic coagulation system and is related to the activity of intrinsic coagulation factors such as VIII, X, XI, XII and the like; the Thrombin Time (TT) value is an important index which mainly reflects the degree of conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin; plasma Fibrinogen (FIB) reflects primarily the fibrinogen content.
A medicine for promoting blood coagulation to stop bleeding is called hemostatic. Bleeding caused by various causes is common clinically, such as surgery and orthopedics: gastrointestinal, renal, bladder, prostate and thoracic surgery; such as traumatic fracture hemorrhage, cosmetic surgery, craniocerebral swelling and pain, contusion hemorrhage, etc.; internal medicine: liver disease hemorrhage, tumor hemorrhage, hemorrhoidal bleeding, pulmonary hemorrhage, epistaxis, etc.; gynecological operation: uterine and vaginal polyps, myomas and tumor bleeding, bleeding after radiation therapy; urological department: prostate bleeding, prostatectomy, kidney and bladder bleeding, etc.; ear-nose-throat department: prevention of outpatient minor surgery, tonsillectomy and laryngeal surgery; dental department and stomatology department: tooth extraction operation, palate operation, gingivitis bleeding. The procoagulant drug is one of drugs with wide clinical application range, has important application value in wounds, and promotes blood coagulation mainly by enhancing blood coagulation factors in vivo or inhibiting anticoagulant factors so as to achieve the aim of hemostasis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide with a procoagulant effect extracted and separated from ligustrum lucidum flower, and also provides an extraction and separation method and application of the ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the extraction and separation method of the procoagulant privet flower polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
(1) drying fresh ligustrum lucidum, crushing, carrying out reflux degreasing by using petroleum ether, volatilizing the petroleum ether in residues, leaching by using ethanol, volatilizing the obtained residues until no alcohol smell exists, heating and extracting by using ultrapure water, carrying out suction filtration while hot, combining filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure to about 1/4 of the original volume, adding ethanol into the concentrated solution, standing, centrifuging, adding ultrapure water into the obtained precipitate for dissolving and dialyzing to remove small molecular impurities, carrying out alcohol precipitation on the dialyzate, and freeze-drying the obtained polysaccharide precipitate to obtain ligustrum lucidum crude polysaccharide;
(2) dissolving the crude polysaccharide of the privet flower after protein removal and decolorization by using ultrapure water, filtering, adding the dissolved polysaccharide into a DEAE-52 cellulose chromatographic column, eluting by using ultrapure water, 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L and 0.3mol/L NaCl solution in sequence, detecting eluent by using a phenol-sulfuric acid method, measuring the absorbance at 490 nm, drawing an elution curve by using the number of elution tubes as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance as a vertical coordinate, combining polysaccharide samples of the same elution peak, dialyzing, concentrating and freeze-drying; wherein the elution peak of 0.1mol/L NaCl solution is component LL-1, the elution peak of 0.2mol/L NaCl solution is component LL-2, and the elution peak of 0.3mol/L NaCl solution is component LL-3;
(3) dissolving the component LL-1 with ultrapure water, filtering, adding into a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatographic column, eluting with ultrapure water, detecting by using a phenol-sulfuric acid method, measuring the absorbance at 490 nm, drawing an elution curve by using the number of elution tubes as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance as a vertical coordinate to obtain two groups of elution peaks, concentrating the 2 nd group of elution peaks, and freeze-drying to obtain polysaccharide which is named as LLp-1 b; LLp-1b is the procoagulant glossy privet flower polysaccharide.
Among them, DEAE-52 cellulose is a weakly acidic anion exchanger, which mainly adsorbs ionic substances such as proteins, acidic polysaccharides, etc., while most of the neutral polysaccharides smoothly flow out, thereby removing crude extracts and achieving the purpose of separation, and is commonly used for purifying polysaccharides.
The SephadexG-100 gel is a semi-synthetic gel, has a certain pore size, and polysaccharide molecules with different shapes and sizes move at different speeds in a gel chromatographic column, so that macromolecular polysaccharide and small molecular compounds, such as salts, pigments, proteins, small molecular polysaccharide and the like are separated, and the SephadexG-100 gel can be used for purifying polysaccharide and identifying the purity of polysaccharide.
The ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide capable of promoting blood coagulation is prepared by the extraction and separation method.
The application of the procoagulant glossy privet flower polysaccharide in preparing procoagulant medicines.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the polysaccharide LLp-1b is separated from the ligustrum lucidum ait by adopting a special extraction and separation method, and the in vitro blood coagulation effect of the polysaccharide is examined, and the result shows that the polysaccharide has good procoagulant effect and can be used for preparing procoagulant medicines, such as procoagulant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography elution curve of crude polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum ait flower;
FIG. 2 SephadexG-100 gel column chromatography elution profile of component LL-1;
FIG. 3 UV-Vis Spectrum full wavelength Scan of glossy privet flower polysaccharide LLp-1 b;
FIG. 4 GC chromatograms of standard monosaccharide mixtures;
FIG. 5 is a GC chromatogram of the hydrolysate from LLp-1 b.
Detailed Description
The technical content of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, the material Ligustrum lucidum was collected in the Huaxi wetland park of Guiyang city, Guizhou province and was Ligustrum lucidum belonging to the genus Ligustrum of the family OleaceaeLigustrum lucidumFlower of Ait.
The ethanol concentration herein is a volume concentration.
1. The extraction and separation method of the procoagulant glossy privet flower polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
(1) drying fresh privet flower in shade, pulverizing (475 g), defatting with petroleum ether under reflux for 2 times (each time for 2 h), volatilizing petroleum ether from the residue, leaching with 70% ethanol at room temperature for 3 times (each time for 3 d), recovering the residue, placing in a fume hood, volatilizing to remove ethanol smell, and heating and extracting with ultrapure water (1 g: 12 mL) at 85 deg.C for 2 times (the first time for 5 h and the second time for 4 h). Filtering with Buchner funnel while hot, mixing filtrates, concentrating with rotary evaporator to about 1/4 of original volume, adding anhydrous ethanol into the concentrated solution to final concentration of 70%, standing at 4 deg.C for 12 hr, centrifuging (6000 r/min, 10 min), collecting precipitate, drying the precipitate, adding ultrapure water for dissolving dialysis (filling into dialysis bag, changing ultrapure water every 2-4 hr for 36 hr), magnetically stirring to remove small molecular impurities during dialysis, precipitating the dialysate with ethanol, and freeze drying the obtained polysaccharide precipitate to obtain ligustrum japonicum crude polysaccharide.
(2) Completely dissolving ligustrum lucidum ait crude polysaccharide with a proper amount of ultrapure water to obtain a crude polysaccharide aqueous solution, adding a Sevag reagent (chloroform: n-butanol =4:1, volume ratio) according to the volume of 1/4 of the crude polysaccharide aqueous solution, magnetically stirring and shaking for 30 min, standing for natural layering, removing a solvent at the lowest layer and denatured protein sandwiched between a supernatant and the solvent to obtain a supernatant, and repeating the operation for a plurality of times until no denatured protein layer appears. Concentrating the supernatant under reduced pressure, adding anhydrous ethanol to final concentration of 70%, standing at 4 deg.C for 12 hr, centrifuging, and drying the precipitate to obtain protein-removed fructus Ligustri Lucidi flower crude polysaccharide.
(3) And (3) completely dissolving the protein-removed ligustrum lucidum flower crude sugar obtained in the step (2) by using a proper amount of ultrapure water, adding a certain amount of D101 macroporous resin into the solution, shaking for 24 h at 25 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, filtering, washing the resin, combining the filtrates, adding 95% ethanol until the final concentration is 70%, standing for 24 h at 4 ℃, centrifuging, taking the precipitate, and drying to obtain the decolorized ligustrum lucidum flower crude polysaccharide.
(4) Dissolving the crude polysaccharide of the glossy privet flower decolorized in the step (3) by using ultrapure water, filtering, adding the crude polysaccharide into DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography, performing gradient elution by using ultrapure water, 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L and 0.3mol/L NaCl solution in sequence, controlling the flow rate to be 1.0 mL/min, collecting an elution sample by using a BSZ-100 automatic partial collector, collecting a tube every 8 min, performing polysaccharide detection by using a phenol-sulfuric acid method, measuring the absorbance at 490 nm, drawing an elution curve (shown in figure 1) by using the number of elution tubes as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance as a vertical coordinate, combining the polysaccharide samples of the same elution peak, dialyzing, concentrating and freeze-drying, wherein the elution peak of 0.1mol/L NaCl solution is a component LL-1, and the elution peak of 0.2mol/L NaCl solution is a component LL-2, the elution peak of the 0.3mol/L NaCl solution was found to be component LL-3.
(5) Dissolving the component LL-1 with ultrapure water, filtering, further separating and purifying by Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography (1.5 × 100cm), eluting with ultrapure water, controlling the flow rate at 0.5 mL/min, collecting the eluted sample by a BSZ-100 automatic part collector, collecting one tube every 5 min, performing polysaccharide detection by a phenol-sulfuric acid method, measuring the absorbance at 490 nm, drawing a polysaccharide elution curve (shown in figure 2) by taking the number of elution tubes as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance as a vertical coordinate, obtaining two groups of elution peaks, concentrating the elution peak of the group 2, and freeze-drying to obtain the polysaccharide named as LLp-1 b; LLp-1b is the procoagulant glossy privet flower polysaccharide.
2. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum analysis, molecular weight determination and component analysis of the procoagulant glossy privet flower polysaccharide LLp-1 b.
2.1 UV-Vis Spectroscopy
The results of the UV-visible full wavelength scan of LLp-1b are shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the polysaccharide had no distinct absorption peaks at both 260 nm and 280 nm, indicating LLp-1b is free of proteins and nucleic acids.
2.2 determination of molecular weight
The molecular weight of polysaccharide was measured by a liquid chromatograph equipped with a refractive index detector using 4 ten thousand, 6.4 ten thousand, 15 ten thousand, 25 ten thousand, and 50 ten thousand of dextran as a control, and the results showed that: LLp-1b had an Average molecular weight (Average Mw) of 64919 g/mol.
2.3 monosaccharide composition analysis.
2.3.1 hydrolysis of polysaccharides
The polysaccharide LLp-1b 10 mg was weighed out accurately and added to a 5 mL ampoule, 2mL of 2mol/L trifluoroacetic acid was added, and the tube was sealed with nitrogen. Hydrolyzing at 110 deg.C for 3 h, rotary evaporating to remove trifluoroacetic acid solution, adding small amount of methanol to dissolve residue, rotary evaporating to dry, and repeating for 3 times to obtain hydrolysate.
2.3.2 derivatization of monosaccharides
And adding 10 mg of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.5 mL of pyridine into the hydrolysate, oscillating, mixing uniformly, and placing into a water bath at 90 ℃ for heating reaction for 30 min. Taking out, cooling to room temperature, adding 0.5 mL of acetic anhydride, continuing to react at 90 ℃ for 30 min for acetylation, filtering the reaction product by a 0.22 mu m filter membrane, and injecting the filtered reaction product into a gas chromatograph for analysis; standard monosaccharides were treated in the same manner and a standard monosaccharide derivative mixture was prepared.
2.3.3 gas chromatography conditions
A chromatographic column: HP (30 m.times.0.35 mm, 0.25 μm); sample introduction temperature: 250 ℃; detector temperature: 280 ℃; temperature program of chromatographic column: maintaining the initial temperature at 100 deg.C for 1 min, and then increasing the temperature from 100 deg.C to 240 deg.C at 4 deg.C/min for 10 min; carrier gas: high-purity nitrogen with the flow rate of 2 mL/min; the sample size is 2 muL.
2.3.4 monosaccharide composition analysis results
The GC chromatogram of the standard monosaccharide mixture is shown in FIG. 4 (1. L-rhamnose; 2. L-arabinose 3. D-xylose; 4. D-mannose; 5. D-glucose; 6. D-galactose), FIG. 5 is a GC chromatogram of the hydrolyzed monosaccharide LLp-1b, and the monosaccharide composition of the sample can be determined by comparing the retention time in the standard monosaccharide chromatogram. As can be seen from FIG. 5, D-galactose was detected at LLp-1 b.
3 Activity analysis of procoagulant Ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide LLp-1b
The method comprises the following steps: four rabbit in vitro plasma blood clotting items are adopted to carry out blood clotting activity detection on privet flower polysaccharide.
3.1 instruments and reagents
TGL-16gR high speed table refrigerated centrifuge (Shanghai' an Tingning scientific Instrument plant); LRH-150 Biochemical incubator (Shanghai-Hengshi Co., Ltd.); sodium chloride injection (Chenxin pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1603311336); 0.109 mol/L sodium citrate solution (self-made), Yunnan white drug powder (Yunnan white drug powder group GmbH, ZGA 1604); breviscapine for injection (Hunan Hengsheng pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 15141005); prothrombin Time (PT) assay kit (105295); an Activated Partial Thrombin Time (APTT) assay kit (1121911); thrombin Time (TT) assay kit (121168); fibrinogen (FIB) content measurement kits (132107) are manufactured by shanghai sun biotechnology limited.
3.2 Experimental animals
Rex rabbit, male, body weight 2.0-2.5 kg.
3.3 sample solution preparation
1 mg of sample LLp-1b was dissolved in 200. mu.L of solvent to prepare a 5 mg/mL solution. Preparing breviscapine 8 mg with 600 μ L solvent to 13.33 mg/mL, and preparing Yunnan Baiyao 1 mg with 25 μ L solvent to 40 mg/mL solution. The solvents (also as blank solvents) were: absolute ethanol to 1, 2-propanediol to physiological saline =1:1:3 (volume ratio).
3.4 Experimental methods.
3.4.1 method for detecting influence on APTT
Preparation of plasma: 3.6 mL of blood is taken from the auricular veins of the rabbits, the blood is placed in a 4 mL centrifuge tube containing 400 mu L of 0.109 mol/L sodium citrate, the mixture is mixed by gentle inversion and is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min, and supernatant is taken for standby.
Adding 50 μ L of each sample solution into different test cups, adding 100 μ L of plasma and 100 μ L of APTT reagent pre-warmed at 37 deg.C, incubating at 37 deg.C for 5 min, and adding 0.025 mol/L CaCl pre-warmed at 37 deg.C2The solution was 100. mu.L and the clotting time was recorded.
3.4.2 method for detecting PT influence
The plasma preparation method is the same as 3.4.1, 50 mu L of each sample solution is respectively added into different test cups, 100 mu L of plasma is added, 200 mu L of PT reagent pre-warmed at 37 ℃ is added after incubation for 3min at 37 ℃, and the coagulation time is recorded, namely the PT value.
3.4.3 method for detecting influence on TT
Plasma preparation was performed as in 3.4.1, 50. mu.L of each sample solution and 200. mu.L of plasma were added to different test cups, respectively, and after incubation for 3min, 200. mu.L of TT reagent was added and the clotting time was recorded.
3.4.4 method for detecting the impact on FIB
Plasma was prepared as described in 3.4.1, according to the standard curve specified in the reagent instructions. Samples of 200. mu.L plasma and 200. mu.L were taken and 700. mu.L buffer was added. After mixing, 200. mu.L of diluted plasma was taken, pre-warmed at 37 ℃ for 3min, added with 100. mu.L of thrombin solution, and the fibrinogen content was recorded.
3.5 data processing
The results are expressed as arithmetic mean and standard deviation, and the statistical values are compared with the significance difference by SPSS19.0 software One-Way ANOVA (One-Way ANOVA). The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 LLp-1b in vitro clotting activity results
Note: in comparison with the blank, the number of the blank, *** p<0.001< ** p<0.01< * p<0.05；
compared with the Yunnan white drug powder, ### p<0.001< ## p<0.01< # p<0.05；
compared with the breviscapine, the preparation method has the advantages that,△△△ p<0.001< △△ p <0.01< △ p <0.05。
as can be seen from Table 1, LLp-1b significantly shortened APTT and increased FIB compared to the blank groupp<0.001) which has a slightly weaker effect than the positive control Yunnan Baiyao; LLp-1b shortened PT and TT shorter than those of the blank group, but longer than that of Yunnan white drug powder, thus LLp-1b shortened PT and TT less effectively than Yunnan white drug powder. The LLp-1b has certain procoagulant effect through comprehensive analysis.
Claims (1)
1. The application of the procoagulant ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide in the preparation of procoagulant medicines is characterized in that the procoagulant ligustrum lucidum flower polysaccharide is obtained by extracting and separating the following steps:
(1) drying fresh ligustrum lucidum, crushing, carrying out reflux degreasing by using petroleum ether, volatilizing the petroleum ether in residues, leaching by using ethanol, volatilizing the obtained residues until no alcohol smell exists, heating and extracting by using ultrapure water, carrying out suction filtration while hot, combining filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, adding ethanol into the concentrated solution, standing, centrifuging, adding ultrapure water into the obtained precipitate for dissolving and dialyzing to remove small molecular impurities, carrying out alcohol precipitation on the dialysate, and freeze-drying the obtained polysaccharide precipitate to obtain ligustrum lucidum crude polysaccharide;
(2) dissolving the crude polysaccharide of the privet flower after protein removal and decolorization by using ultrapure water, filtering, adding the dissolved polysaccharide into a DEAE-52 cellulose chromatographic column, eluting by using ultrapure water, 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L and 0.3mol/L NaCl solution in sequence, detecting eluent by using a phenol-sulfuric acid method, measuring the absorbance at 490 nm, drawing an elution curve by using the number of elution tubes as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance as a vertical coordinate, combining polysaccharide samples of the same elution peak, dialyzing, concentrating and freeze-drying; wherein, the elution peak of 0.1mol/L NaCl solution is the component LL-1;
(3) dissolving the component LL-1 with ultrapure water, filtering, adding into a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatographic column, eluting with ultrapure water, detecting by using a phenol-sulfuric acid method, measuring the absorbance at 490 nm, drawing an elution curve by using the number of elution tubes as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance as a vertical coordinate to obtain two groups of elution peaks, concentrating the 2 nd group of elution peaks, and freeze-drying to obtain polysaccharide which is named as LLp-1 b; LLp-1b contains D-galactose, LLp-1b is procoagulant glossy privet flower polysaccharide.
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