CN107529848A - Personalized shoes and its manufacture - Google Patents
Personalized shoes and its manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- CN107529848A CN107529848A CN201680015087.7A CN201680015087A CN107529848A CN 107529848 A CN107529848 A CN 107529848A CN 201680015087 A CN201680015087 A CN 201680015087A CN 107529848 A CN107529848 A CN 107529848A
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- footwear
- shape
- moldable
- layer
- insert
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B19/00—Shoe-shaped inserts; Inserts covering the instep
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
- A43B7/28—Adapting the inner sole or the side of the upper of the shoe to the sole of the foot
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of personalized moldable footwear, such as footwear or footwear insert, wherein, footwear or the footwear insert extends through whole sole when in use, and prepared by stimuli responsive shape-memory material, it is therefore preferable to thermal response shape-memory material such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer（EVA）, polyurethane（PU）Or thermoplastic polyurethane（TPU）.The present invention equally proposes a kind of preparation method for forming the footwear, and methods described includes the layer being heated to predetermined temperature；Deform the layer；And the layer is operated using at least one fastener to form the footwear, wherein, the deformation of the layer is by the way that leg structure is placed on the layer to carry out.
Description
Technical field
Special material invention relates generally to the Design and Features of shoes and for manufacturing the shoes.
Background technology
Customer demand their shoes are more comfortable and with more multi-functional so that these features turn into footwear design and
Significant consideration in assessment.Both be human body (particularly leg, more specifically foot) characteristic and shoes not
With the result of the complicated interaction between element.
In terms of comfort level, it is suitable for buying the main determining factor of shoes.Unsuitable between foot and shoes can damage
Evil foot function, and may result in excessive pressure from close-fitting shoes or from the shoes loosely coordinated
Unnecessary friction.For example, card Luo Chi, a shoes company of the U.S. is being offer all over the world with soft, comfortable, light
The playshoes of matter and the quality of deodorization.However, this cooperation is only limitted to connecing between foot bottom (or sole) and sole top
Touch interface.
The suitable shoes of customization that another kind is referred to as Vibram Five-finger shoes have also provided the user a wearing well
Experience.This raw material for being partly because these footwear has very high elasticity and is resiliently deformable to be adapted to any shape
(elastic accessory is as socks).However, some users can undergo really it is uncomfortable because elastomeric material may generally apply to pin
Unsuitable pressure.In addition, vamp is generally very thin so that it can not provide enough protections to prevent feet from injuring.
There is foot/structure of uniqueness due to each consumer and there is personal preference for shoes, from market
On find a pair of and be cosily adapted to the shoes of personal foot not always easy thing, particularly those need foot orthotic
Consumer for not always easy thing.
Therefore, the personalization of shoes is the demand constantly increased.At present, have it is several realize the method for this point, such as increase
Material manufactures and some polymeric materials is used inside boots, to cause sole portion can adjust.However, these methods are still
Many shortcomings be present.
For example, the note of the prior art using the foam of polymers slowly recovered (its softness as elastic sponge)
Enough mechanical supports can not be provided by recalling foam-based shoe-pad.For example, this memory foam be characterized by Low rigidity and just
Property.In addition, although customization footwear can be manufactured by 3D printing, to be preferably adapted to, but this needs cumbersome foot
Scanning process and even more expensive printing manufacturing process.
Need to provide the comfortableness, feature and protection of whole pin for wearer on the basis of personal or personalized
Property, while keep the effective manufacturing process of cost.The present invention seeks to be improved the individual character footwear that presently, there are.
The content of the invention
The present invention based on the finding that：By using some shape-memory materials (SMM) (it is characterized in that with shape note
Recall effect (SME)) functions of footwear, particularly rigidity and flexible (related to 3D profiles) can be substantially improved, this is that individual is inclined
It is good.
Therefore, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of moldable footwear or footwear insert, the moldable footwear or footwear insert
Whole sole is extended through when in use, and is prepared by stimuli responsive shape-memory material.
In one embodiment, stimuli responsive shape-memory material is thermal response shape-memory material.
In one embodiment, SMM is shape-memory polymer (SMP).The inventors have discovered that：In footwear accessory
SMP use is repeatable and instant；Original-shape can be returned in case of need；There is provided customizable firm
Property and flexibility combination；It is cheap to disperse local foot pressure and manufacturing cost.
In another embodiment, thermo-responsive shape-memory polymer keeps two kinds of shapes.
In one embodiment, and during use, may be molded footwear or footwear insert be initially heated about 45 ° to etc.
In or below about between 80 DEG C, wherein, user is then inserted his/her pin in footwear or footwear insert with the profile of user's pin
Surrounding's molded shoe or footwear insert.Moldable footwear or footwear insert can be heated to high temperature, such as about 80 DEG C, but logical
It can often be put under about 60 DEG C or lower temperature, unless socks or liner are through on exposed pin.
Term as used herein " footwear " or " footwear insert " refer to the product as present subject matter, and the product extends to
Whole sole, and a complete article of footwear can be included, the article of footwear needs or does not need any additional materials, such as firmly
Change non-moldable polymeric footwear bottom material.Therefore, in certain embodiments, the invention provides do not need any additional manufacture
The advantages of complete footwear of step (such as, exterior material suture or external sole adhesion).Optionally, should
Term also includes footwear insert, and it can also extend whole sole, can also be included in for example prefabricated shoe-shaped shape, such as harden
Outer shoe-shaped shape (for example, for builder) or personalized footwear plug-in unit for ski boots.
In certain embodiments, " footwear " or " footwear plug-in unit " are also denoted as：As the product of subject of the present invention, it is wrapped
Cover whole pin and can also include with extra material or not need the complete article of footwear of any extra material,
Such as harden non-moldable polymeric footwear bottom material.It is understood, therefore, that word " whole sole " include forefoot, in
Sole and rear heel.It is to be further understood that " whole pin " includes front foot, middle pin and heel.In order to provide the comfortable of user
Property needed for rigidity and pliability, the present invention consider the surface covering of footwear or footwear insert at least extend with cover heel (or
Ankle-joint) section start, it can cover or can not cover actual ankle-joint.Then, itself and known footwear or footwear are inserted
Entering part product to be contrasted, the known footwear or footwear insert product for example only cover sole or part covering metapedes and front foot,
But all or part of for being so that top mesopodium is exposed and/or not supported.
Suitable rigidity and flexible combination be can be synthesized by deferring to standard polymers/foam of polymers of many/
Processing method and change SMM composition, processing method/parameter also have/or porosity obtained from.In one embodiment,
SMM is to be selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or the group of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or above-mentioned item
The SMP of conjunction.
Based on the principle of the SME (SME) as foundation stone of the present invention, shape-memory polymer (SMP) (including
Their composite/mixture and constructed with solid or foam), including about 45 DEG C to about 80 DEG C of many transition temperatures or
Following (glass transition or fusing/crystallization) polymeric material and its composite/can apply in this application, such as, EVA or
PU foams, PU, TPU or PU/TPU mixture etc..It is to be understood, however, that when moldable footwear or footwear insert are initially added
Heat is to when being up to about 80 DEG C (and greater than about 45 DEG C), and the temperature on surface will be at about 60 DEG C or less when naked pin inserts, and this is pair
The comfortable temperature for terminal user.
Brief description of the drawings
The description of Fig. 1-first embodiment.(1) people's pin；(2) shape memory polymer material；(3) city shoe.
The description of Fig. 2-second embodiment.(1) people's pin；(2) shape memory polymer material；(3) city shoe.
The description of Fig. 3-3rd embodiment.(1) people's pin；(2) shape memory polymeric material.
The description of Fig. 4-fourth embodiment, (1) people's pin；(2) shape memory polymer material；(4) outsole.
Fig. 5-according to the basic conception (I) of comfortable cooperation footwear and the Proof of Concept of the embodiment of one embodiment
(II)。
Zoomed-in view (b) under the cross section (a) of Fig. 6-eva foam piece and SEM.
The DSC curve of Fig. 7-eva foam.Insertion figure：The zoomed-in view of glass transition ranges during heating.
Size (the unit of Fig. 8-uniaxial tensile test sample：mm).
The explanation in Fig. 9-complete SME cycles.
Stresses typical-strain in the case of the 30% of the uniaxial tension to maximum strain of Figure 10-at three different temperatures
Relation, it is then cooled to room temperature and then unloads.
Stresses typical-strain that single shaft is stretched in the case of the 80% of maximum strain under Figure 11-three kinds of different temperatures is closed
System, it is then cooled to room temperature and then is unloaded.
Figure 12-have the sample/stresses typical of the sample cyclic tension at room temperature without pre-stretching-of pre-stretching should
Change relation.
Single shaft is compressed to the strain-stress relation in the case of the 30% of maximum strain under Figure 13-three kinds of different temperatures, with
After be cooled to and room temperature and then be unloaded.
Single shaft is compressed to the strain-stress relation in the case of the 80% of maximum strain under Figure 14-three kinds of different temperatures, with
After be cooled to and room temperature and then be unloaded.
Pass through circulation at room temperature without precompressed sample compresses survey to Figure 15-by with precompressed sample/
The obtained strain-stress relation of examination.
Figure 16-shape fixed rate is with the change for working out temperature.
Figure 17-shape recovery ratio is with the change for working out temperature.
Shape after the different time sections clamping of Figure 18-eva foam at room temperature is recovered.
Figure 19-eva foam is being compressed to 0.329MPa/0.1645MPa and then is keeping applied compression should before unloading
Strain-stress relation (a) in the case of power 24 is small, and corresponding strain/stress and time relationship (b).
The differentiation of recovery rate in the sample of the different compression stresses of Figure 20-respectively with 0.329MPa and 0.1645MPa.
The diagram (the 5th embodiment) of Figure 21-embodiments of the invention.
Figure 22 is the diagram (sixth embodiment) of embodiments of the invention.
Figure 23 is the diagram (the 7th embodiment) of embodiments of the invention.
Figure 24 is the diagram (the 8th embodiment) of embodiments of the invention.
The diagram of the sole of Figure 25-embodiments of the invention.
The diagram of the embodiment of the method for Figure 26-present invention.
Embodiment
The general principle of the present invention is to use shape-memory material (SMM), it is characterised in that has SME
(SME).SME (SME) is described generally as shape switching phenomenon, and thus shape-memory material (SMM) can pass through
Correctly stimulate (such as, hot (thermal response)), light (photoresponse), chemical (including water, Chemical response), magnetic field (magnetic response), machine
Tool load (mechanical response) etc.) presence revert to their original shapes.This is contrasted with memory foam, memory foam meeting
Short time set is provided, but can slowly return to the shape of its original, therefore without the ability for maintaining temporary shapes, i.e. do not have
There is SME.The polymer of the presentations SME of the present invention is not only with visible currently (interim) form but also with being stored
The form of (original or permanent).Once polymer is manufactured by conventional method, by such as heating, deforming and finally cool down
Material can be become another temporal form.Polymer keeps this temporary shapes, until under predetermined outside stimulus (at this
Pass through heating in example) activation shape become permanent form untill.Its original can be converted into by carrying out heating again to material
Begin (permanent) shape, prepares to be processed into another temporal form again.
Based on this principle, shape memory polymer material can appropriate temperature range (about 45 DEG C to about 80 DEG C or
Person be below about 80 DEG C) in be easily deformed into temporary shapes.After cooling, temporary shapes are mostly retained, while are still had
There are enough pliabilities and enough rigidity to provide support.
It is in a preferred embodiment, flexible that material can be easily deformed by stretching/bending of hand or the pressing of finger,
And good elasticity is provided to return simultaneously.The measurement of Young's modulus can be used for measuring rigidity.The Young's modulus of the application
Scope is preferably 0.001GPa to 0.5GPa, such as, 0.005GPa, 0.01GPa, 0.05GPa, 0.10GPa, 0.15GPa,
The model between any two in 0.20GPa, 0.25GPa, 0.30GPa, 0.35GPa, 0.40GPa, 0.45GPa or these figures
Enclose.When needed, this material only heating again with carry out again it is another wheel repair when could recover its original-shape (forever
Long shape).Because shape memory polymeric material (including its composite and mixture) can provide required rigidity and flexible
Property combination, therefore they can be used in this comfortable fit footwear.
In order to realize the purpose of the shoes comfortably to fit as described above, except other things, foam of polymers it is basic
It is required that it is：1) it is at low temperatures and high temperatures flexible/elastic.Elasticity can also be measured by Young's modulus, preferably model
Enclose for 0.001GPa to 0.5GPa, for example, 0.005GPa, 0.01GPa, 0.05GPa, 0.10GPa, 0.15GPa, 0.0.20GPa,
Scope in 0.25GPa, 0.30GPa, 0.35GPa, 0.40GPa or 0.45GPa or these figures between any two；2) can protect
Hold temporary shapes (shape fixed rate >=40%, such as, shape fixed rate>42%th, shape fixed rate>44%th, shape fixed rate>
46%th, shape fixed rate>48%th, shape fixed rate>50%th, shape fixed rate>52%th, shape fixed rate>54%th, shape is fixed
Rate>56%th, shape fixed rate>58%th, shape fixed rate>60%th, shape fixed rate>62%th, shape fixed rate>64%th, shape
Fixed rate>66%th, shape fixed rate>68%th, shape fixed rate>70%th, shape fixed rate>72%th, shape fixed rate>74%th,
Shape fixed rate>76%,>78% or>80%；3) good shape-recovery capabilities (shape recovery ratio >=40%, such as, shape
Recovery rate>42%th, shape recovery ratio>44%th, shape recovery ratio>46%th, shape recovery ratio>48%th, shape recovery ratio>50%th,
Shape recovery ratio>52%th, shape recovery ratio>54%th, shape recovery ratio>56%th, shape recovery ratio>58%th, shape recovery ratio>
60%th, shape recovery ratio>62%th, shape recovery ratio>64%th, shape recovery ratio>66%th, shape recovery ratio>68%th, shape is recovered
Rate>70%th, shape recovery ratio>72%th, shape recovery ratio>74%th, shape recovery ratio>76%th, shape recovery ratio>78% or shape
Shape recovery rate>80% and shape recovery ratio can be used for quantify this ability (referring to Figure 16 and Figure 17, equation 1-3)；It is and 4) special
Be not during (establishment) is dressed be used for activate heating-up temperature should be only slightly taller than body temperature.Temperature no more than 60 DEG C is still
It is acceptable temperature, because human body can endure temperature in a short time, even can also endure barefoot several seconds.This
Outside, for the polymeric material of the present invention, activationary temperature is generally Tg's (glass transition) or ± 10 to 15 DEG C of Tm (fusing)
In the range of.
The present invention considers eight possible embodiments of this moldable footwear or footwear insert：
In first embodiment (Fig. 1), shoes can be designed to it is very thin (about 1mm to 3mm) and in light weight, and can be with
Easily packed and stored with the memory space of minimum.In order to obtain perfect cooperation, first by warm water, baking box, add
Shoes are heated to about 50 DEG C by hot device or air-heater (such as, hair-dryer), (or depend on footwear so that footwear are moldable
The other kinds of stimulation of the type of used material), then his/her pin (1) is inserted footwear or footwear insert (2) by user
In, footwear or footwear insert are inserted by deforming to adapt to the shape of the pin of user.As shown in the drawing, footwear or footwear insert be may be molded
The whole surface of pin is covered, the ankle of user is reached up to, stability is provided for whole pin.After cooling, the shape of deformation is protected
Hold appropriate rigidity and pliability.User obtains relaxing for the interior shape profile with the custom molded shape into his/her pin
Adaptation closes footwear.For example, it is different from Crocs footwear, there is no extra gap between pin and footwear, make it more comfortable, so as to reduce foot
Injury risk caused by slip.There is no extra inner space and incorrect pressure, therefore potential injury between pin and footwear
Risk can minimize.In addition, footwear can be made very thin, and if desired, for example, walked on coarse ground, permit
Perhaps user is inserted into city shoe (3) (that is, removable inside, further to protect them by using product as shoe-pad
Pin lining, it is possible uncomfortable as caused by rough earth (for example, thicker rock) to eliminate) or hard/harder shoes
In.By this way, even if user wears common shoes, comfortable fit can still be kept.Add when carrying out second
When hot, this moldable footwear or footwear insert can deform back its original-shape.Using this material, engagement process is repeatable
And it is instant, it is possible thereby to easily realize comfortable fit.
In second embodiment (Fig. 2), moldable footwear insert (2) pre-fixes the inner surface of city shoe (3), plays just
The effect of the non-removable liner of normal footwear.
This can be realized by using the known adhesive product used in footwear manufacturing process.All shapings
Journey is identical with the forming process mentioned in first embodiment.Good conformability still can be realized in such embodiments
Energy.
In 3rd embodiment (Fig. 3), by may be molded footwear made of shape memory polymeric material than in first embodiment
Shoes thickness about 2 to 15mm, to provide more preferable protection for user.
In fourth embodiment (Fig. 4), the outer bottom (4) of thickness can be added to the lower section of moldable footwear (2).By this
Extra bottom, this footwear can deal with more coarse surface condition, without influenceing comfortable matching property.Bottom or outer ground
Material can by with SME/harder without SME being made with high-abrasive material.Multilayer can also be tied
Close in the selection area on the surface with impact absorbing material, with the motor activity such as adapt to jog.In another embodiment
In, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) of dissolving can be a certain degree of to provide in internal layer and outer layer
Gas, and prevent (particularly made of foam) footwear from being smelt an offensive odor due to sweat.Passage/groove can also include important portion
Position, further to reduce dirt.
In the 5th embodiment (Figure 21), the footwear 100 manufactured by 3D shapings are shown.Whole footwear are by identical material
Material is made, and 104 represent cutting/hole or other reduction parts (for example, indenture)；102 represent that thicker part is more preferable to provide
Support.
In sixth embodiment (Figure 22), interior bottom 120 is shown, it includes multiple indentures 122.Multiple indentures 122 can be with
It is through hole/non through hole, even slit/groove.Multiple indentures 122 are constructed such that proper socks 124 are placed on shoe-pad 120
When can deform interior bottom 120.It should be noted that shoe-pad 120 can also be made up of uneven froth bed, coordinated with enhancing and relaxed
Adaptive.124 can be with bonding in advance to shoe-pad 120.In warming insole 120, it becomes soft, therefore can easily put on socks
Son-footwear.After cooling, it is equally hard that shoe-pad can become like shoes.
In the 7th embodiment (Figure 23), folding is shown to form the footwear 150 of the free size of footwear.Footwear 150 are formed,
By using at least one fastener 160 (such as,) that the first fin 152 is connected into the second fin 154 is (or anti-
It is as the same) to form the front portion of footwear 150.Fastener 158 is also configured to be connected to each other afterwards, stable to form the heel of footwear 150
Device.It should be noted that in order to strengthen cooperation and comfortableness, the froth bed 156 of footwear 150 is uneven.Fastener 158 can be hook
The firm temporary fastener of ring-like any other form that lives.With as other embodiment, it is necessary to heat to soften footwear first.
In the 8th embodiment (Figure 24), the footwear 180 of another free size are shown, it is folded into the form of footwear.Footwear
180 are formed, and the 3rd fin 182 is connected into the 4th fin 188 (or vice versa as the same) by using at least one fastener 190
To form the front portion of shoes 180.Footwear 180 do not include heel counter, but including curing guard (heal guard) 186.Should
Work as attention, the froth beds 184 of footwear 150 coordinates and comfort level is uneven to strengthen, and including through hole/non through hole, very
To slit/groove.With as other embodiment, it is necessary to heat to soften footwear first.
With reference to figure 25, the sole portion 200 of previous embodiment is shown.Sole portion 200 can deform, and thus deform base
On this at core 204, it includes through hole/non through hole and even slit/groove.In addition, sole part 202 and heel
Part 206 is made up of different materials (have/not having SME), for grasping and comfortably.
On the other hand, with reference to figure 26, there is provided a kind of method 300 for being used to form footwear.Footwear are rung by method 300 by stimulating
(thermal response) shape-memory material layer is answered to prepare, method 300 includes layer being heated to predetermined temperature (302).Predetermined temperature is situated between
Between 45 DEG C to 80 DEG C.In addition, method 300 includes making layer deform (304), wherein, come up by the way that leg structure is placed on into layer
Carry out the deformation of the layer.Foot structure can come from human body or pin mould.The deformation of the layer can include the layer
The deformation of interior multiple indentures, the multiple indenture include through hole/non through hole and even slit/groove.Finally, method 300
The layer is operated including the use of at least one fastener to form footwear (306).It should be appreciated that the operation of layer is carried out by folding
's.
Industrial applicibility
Also it is proved to for motion and medical applications with huge according to moldable footwear or the footwear insert of the present invention
Potentiality.It is the non-exhaustive list of various potential applications below：
Student shoe；Dress shoes；Beach shoes；Diabetes patient's footwear；The interim footwear of fracture patient；Ski boots inner casing；Rink is rented
Quick personalized footwear；Flippers；It is directly anchored to bicycle shoes on bicycle pedal；；And the footwear of the people of the shape anomaly of pin.
In addition to pin, idea of the invention can be extended for supporting ancon, knee and even bottom etc., to provide
Function that is not only comfortable but also being protected.
Example
Fig. 5 (I) shows the embodiment of moldable footwear or the footwear insert of the present invention.Be heated to slightly above body temperature (for example,
45 DEG C) when, footwear soften and have a high resiliency.Therefore, user can by with wear elastic socks perfect cooperation in a manner of it is identical
Mode easily wear the footwear.After cooling back body temperature, material becomes somewhat hard but still flexible, it is sufficient to cosily
Walking.Due to the slight shape difference of such as user's pin, such as in the morning between afternoon, therefore reinstall be required for every time
Reheat, shoes can be reheated to 45 DEG C to reuse/to reinstall.Fig. 5 (II) and above-mentioned moldable footwear
Or the embodiment of footwear insert.In Fig. 5 (IIa), the socks at top by using one layer of low flow index thermoplastic polyurethane
Changed to coat the socks, and bottom is the original socks for being compared.Low flow index, e.g., from about 3g/10
Minute by 20 grams/10 minutes, it is to ensure that material is stressed rather than just meeting " flowing " during gravity.When thin layer is coated into the socks
When on son, unlike normal socks, the socks can keep the shape of pin after being deformed at a temperature of establishment, rather than
Narrow down to original size.After being heated to about 60 DEG C, thermoplastic polyurethane softens, and socks are changed.When the socks through change
When being cooled to slightly above body temperature, thermoplastic polyurethane still can be molded.Therefore, the socks through change can be used as moldable
Footwear or footwear insert and be worn as conveniently as any type of garment.After a few minutes, thermoplastic polyurethane becomes to be fully crystallized, therefore socks become slightly
Firmly, thus its elasticity it is smaller than the elasticity of original socks (hardness range should be 0.001 to 0.5GPa or so), but for
It is still flexible enough (Fig. 5 (IIb)) that family, which goes about,.Socks can also keep new shape (figure after taking off
5IIc).Only after thermoplastic polyurethane is heated and softened, socks can just recover its original-shape, can then reuse.
Present invention further contemplates that using composite, such as, EVA/TPU mixtures, EVA/PCL (polycaprolactone) mixture,
Silicones/TPU mixtures, silicones/PCL mixtures, silicones/fusing glue.Glass/carbon fibre material can be used for reinforcing.To the greatest extent
Pipe can be heated to 45 DEG C to 80 DEG C according to some shape-memory materials of some embodiments, but for such as based on PCL
Polymer etc some other materials for, it can also be dressed even if room temperature people are cooled to, because such material
Even if the time for being also required to grow very much at room temperature can just be hardened.
Such as PCL and TPU etc material have higher melting temperature (more than 60 DEG C), but in body temperature or are less than
Being fully crystallized in the case of body temperature needs to be up to 10 minutes.Therefore, the shape memory polymeric material made of them can be added
Heat arrives their fusion temperature, then " dresses " at room temperature.
Both foam and solid polymeric material can be used.
From the viewpoint of manufacture and logistics, because this moldable footwear or footwear insert do not have certain size, and
And also do not made a distinction in right side or left side, therefore the effort in terms of capital input and manufacture and storage can be greatly reduced.Separately
On the one hand, from the perspective of client, present each shoes all ensure to be adapted to any pin, without being attempt to find properly
Shoe size, present each shoes all ensure to be adapted to any pin.
In Fig. 5 (II), socks are used as elastic component, and thermoplastic polyurethane is used as transformation component.Fixed temporary shapes
Process is conventionally referred to as worked out, and is heated and be referred to as shape recovery to return to the process of original-shape.
Material, heat analysis and sample preparation
The material studied in our current research is thickness about 5.6mm, the business eva foam that porosity is about 15%.Fig. 6 is shown
Enlarged drawing under the cross section and SEM (SEM) of the cystosepiment.Cut out from EVA plates for thermomechanically testing
Sample.
Using TA instruments (Newcastle, Germany, the U.S.) Q200DSC between 0 DEG C to 100 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min plus
But speed (in a nitrogen environment) carries out differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test to hot/cold.As shown in fig. 7, the EVA has two to turn
Become.Glass transition occurs at about 55 DEG C, and melts and crystallize and heated and cooled down to realize at 80 DEG C and 65 DEG C respectively.
In it such as comfortably may be molded the application of footwear or footwear insert, (Fig. 7's inserts the glass transition between about 50 DEG C and 60 DEG C
Figure) it is favourable, because such temperature range between 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C is suitable for human body.Any temperature for being higher than 60 DEG C
User may be made to feel too hot and can not be dressed (therefore being unable to last very long).
According to ASTM D638 standards (IV types), dumbbell shaped sample (as shown in Figure 8) and small square are cut out from EVA foam
Shape sample (25 × 20mm) carries out uniaxial tensile test and compression test respectively.Unless otherwise indicated, what is used in this research should
Power and strain are respectively used to engineering stress and engineering strain.Engineering strain/stress is related to engineer applied, rather than basis (is used
In theoretical research and emulation etc.).
Experiment and result
In order to determine whether material can be used for moldable footwear or footwear insert, single shaft is carried out at a temperature of different establishments
Stretching and uniaxial compression.In addition, carry out room temperature cycles experiment be disclosed in work out/do not work out in the case of material whether still have
There is the excellent elasticity of high degree of comfort.
Uniaxial tensile test
Single shaft drawing is carried out using the test systems of Intron (Norwood, MA, USA) 5565 with integrated temperature controllable chamber
Stretch experiment.In all experiments, loading and unloading use 10-3/ s constant strain rate.
The typical thermal response SME cycles applied in our current research include two processes, that is, work out and recover, and have four
Key step (a-d), as shown in Figure 9.
In step (a), it is stretched under study for action at a temperature of the given test (establishment) in glass transition temperature range
Defined maximum strain (εm) after, sample is cooled to (about 22 DEG C) of room temperature and keeps maximum strain and then unloading (step b).Institute
Obtained overstrain is by ε1Represent.This is first process of establishment.In next recovery process, in the pact that will be applied
After beam removes, due to creep, sample slightly may recover (c) at room temperature, therefore overstrain is down to ε2.Finally, by sample
Product are heated to the previous establishment temperature slightly above (less than 5 DEG C), and (step d), residual strain were expressed as ε within 5 minutes3.It note that and only exist
Shape becomes into the sample of Large strain just it is observed that notable creep in eva foam at room temperature.Therefore, unless entering at room temperature
Row establishment, otherwise for other establishment temperature,I.e., it is possible to ignore step c.
Figure 10 has used three stresses typical-strain stress relations of EVA samples, and they are in three different temperatures, i.e. 50 DEG C,
Prestretching extends the 30% of maximum establishment strain at 55 DEG C and 60 DEG C.As can be seen that the prestretching under minimum temperature (50 DEG C, dotted line)
The overstrain for the sample stretched is minimum (22.6%).Found in the pre-stretching sample (gray line) that maximum temperature is 60 DEG C maximum residual
It is about 27.4% to stay strain.Because the glass transition temperature of the material is between 50 DEG C~60 DEG C, therefore this experiment confirms
Shape fixed rate of this material in the range of said temperature.
Referring to Fig. 9.Instant shape fixed rateWith long-term shape fixed rateIt can be defined as：
And shape recovery ratio (Rr) can be defined as,
In subsequent recovery process, the temperature of low more than 5 DEG C of pre-stretch temperature more respective than its is heated the sample to
Up to 5 minutes.It was found that all samples can recover its original-shape completely.
Figure 11 shows that three kinds when being stretched to maximum strain 80% respectively at 50 DEG C, 55 DEG C and 60 DEG C typically should
Force-strain curve.It was observed that show with identical trend in Figure 10, but overstrain is much higher (about 70%).Except small
Deform (30%) outside, it is also contemplated that the situation of large deformation (80%), because user may also undergo big change in this application
Shape.Therefore, shape fixed rate and shape recovery ratio after large deformation should also be studied.
Be heated to it is lower more than 5 DEG C up to 5 minutes than its corresponding pre-stretch temperature after, all samples can be almost complete
Recover its original-shape.Single stretching has been discussed further below and uniaxial compression (is mentioned below) sample and followed in a single SME
Shape fixed rate and shape recovery ratio in ring.
Figure 12 show with prestretching/without pre-stretching sample in, in ring-type uniaxial tension at room temperature
Strain-stress relation.Prestretching has been carried out at 60 DEG C and has extended maximum strain to 30% maximum strain or 80%.Pay attention to, be
For the sake of simplicity, herein, the calculating of engineering strain is based on the gauge length in each individually test.5 circulations are carried out,
10%th, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% maximum establishment strain is (with incremental order).In last circulation of all samples
In, the duration of 5 minutes before be present in unloading.
The load-deformation curve of sample with 30% and 80% pre-stretching is shown：After unloading in each cycle
Overstrain is almost identical with the sample not being pre-stretched.On the other hand, it was observed that 30% pre-stretching sample and primary sample
Between difference it is small.There are some significant overstrains after unloading in each cycle.In addition, the increasing with load maximum strain
Add, corresponding overstrain increase.However, it was observed that 10 minutes after unloading, overstrain can be removed greatly.
It is, therefore, to be understood that at room temperature, there is the foam of pre-stretching or the foam without pre-stretching may be considered that
Larger elasticity with limited elastico-viscosity.It should be noted that as was expected, there is the sample of 30% pre-stretching
Load-deformation curve is only slightly higher than the load-deformation curve for the sample not being pre-stretched, has the sample of 80% pre-stretching seemingly
It is harder.In addition, the higher energy consumption of hysteresis instruction larger in the sample with higher pre-stretching in load/unload circulation
Dissipate.Seem that the influence of prestretching stretching strain (at least up to 30%) has no significant effect to the mechanical response of foam.
Uniaxial compression test
Rectangle sample is used for a series of single and circulation uniaxial compression test.Using with being carried in above-mentioned uniaxial tensile test
To identical test a machine and parameter.Three samples have compressed under three different temperatures (that is, 50 DEG C, 55 DEG C and 60 DEG C)
30%, then holding is cooled to room temperature and finally unloaded.Figure 13 shows that stress-strain of these three samples in compilation process closes
System.As can be seen that as uniaxial tension, there is maximum overstrain to be about for the sample tested at 60 DEG C of maximum temperature
30%, and it is about 25% that the sample tested at being 50 DEG C in minimum temperature, which has minimum overstrain,.Then, by these three samples
Product are heated to slightly above each of which and work out temperature up to 5 minutes, are recovered with the shape of heating induction.It was observed that all remaining one
Step strain is all very small.80% precommpression experiment is also carried out.Their stress and strain relationship is as shown in figure 14.Generally, it is residual
Remaining strain is 75% or so, and follows trend same as described above, i.e. higher establishment temperature causes bigger remnants should
Become.After having carried out being compressed to 80% establishment, reached as it was previously stated, heating the sample to slightly above its rewritable establishment temperature
5 minutes.Afterwards, the thickness of all samples is measured.It was found that remaining strain about 40% in all samples.
Figure 15 give with precommpression/do not have the dimension circulating compression test three times of precompressed sample at room temperature in
Strain-stress relation.As it was previously stated, the precommpression with 30% or 80% maximum establishment strain is produced at 60 DEG C.
In circulation, all samples all apply three kinds of maximums and programmed, respectively 15%, 30% and 45% (pressing incremental order).
At the end of each circulation, significant residual strain is not observed in all samples, this shows in precommpression sample and original
Excellent elastic response is all shown in sample.
Different from the uniaxial tension in Figure 12, Figure 15 is shown：Although the load-deformation curve of 30% precommpression sample is non-
Very close in the sample of no precommpression (identical with uniaxial tension), but 80% precommpression sample ratio be compressed into 20% with
On strain after precommpression sample it is obviously harder.
Shape fixed rate and shape recovery ratio
Although shape fixed rate is to weigh the mode of a comfortable profile for coordinating footwear how to adapt to specific pin, shape is extensive
Multiple rate shows a comfortable ability for coordinating footwear convalescence original size in next round comfortably coordinates.List is depicted in Figure 16
Axle stretches descends shape fixed rate with establishment temperature with uniaxial compression in the case of two kinds different 30% and 80% of strain
Change.
As can be seen that in all tests, shape fixed rate is above 75%.Generally：
- higher establishment temperature always causes higher shape fixed rate, and thus higher shape fixed rate is protected for footwear
Hold temporary shapes with ensure it is more comfortable for be preferable.Do not consider elastic deformation, shape fixed rate is higher, and shoes can be kept
The shape of deformation is better.Perfect ratio is 100%, it means that material can be kept and the identical shape of user's pin shape
Shape.In fact, any 75% ratio of being higher than is also regarded as suitable for this application.
However, the high temperature for example more than 60 DEG C, is probably for many people insufferable.
Shape fixed rate in the case of-compression is usually above the shape fixed rate under pulled out condition；
- higher maximum establishment strain is more effective to increase shape fixed rate, but this is uncomfortable at a temperature of higher establishment
With.
Figure 17 shows that the shape under the maximum establishment strain that uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression are 30% and 80% is recovered
Rate is with the change for working out temperature.Obviously, although by being compressed in the 80% maximum all samples through establishment for working out strain
It observed bad shape to recover (only between 40% to 55%), but there is remaining all sample very high shape to recover
Rate.Especially, the shape recovery ratio in the sample of all 30% stretchings is 100%.It was therefore concluded that：
- shape recovery ratio is more or less unrelated with establishment temperature；
- higher shape recovery ratio causes the sample with relatively low establishment strain；
- only in the sample through establishment by overcompression, shape recovery is only bad.
The influence of long compressive
In use, body weight generally can continuously apply a few hours.As shown in Figure 18 (a), existed using two clips
One piece of eva foam (Figure 18 b) is suppressed at room temperature.After 80 minutes, a clip (Figure 18 c1) is taken out, another clip is applied in
115 hours (Figure 18 d1).Indenture after the clamping of 80 hours mainly recovered (Figure 18 c2) after 40 hours, and 115 hours press from both sides
Next indenture is still visible (Figure 18 d4) after 23 days, and this just disappears (Figure 18 e) after being heated only in boiling water.In order to accurate
Discriminating, we take quite extreme investigation, wherein, a fritter eva foam is compressed to 0.329MPa maximum first
Stress, this should be the maximum foot press of normal young man, then kept 24 hours, then taken out.
Figure 19 (a) (black line) depicts the strain-stress relation of whole sample during testing.Add it will be seen that working as
When being downloaded to 0.329MPa, record has about 64% compression strain.In subsequent 24 hours, compression strain is gradually increased to
80%.After unloading, overstrain 74%.In order to be compared, in another experiment, the maximal compressed stress of application is reduced
Half is 0.1645MPa.Figure 19 (a) draws out resulting stress and strain curve with grey.As can be seen that although apply
Stress halve, it has been observed that more creep induction strain (about more than 10%), while find have after the unloading more
More strains recovers (about 4%).Figure 19 (b) depicts the differentiation of strain and stress and time during whole load/unload
Relation.Apparently within the loading holding phase, strain increase gradually becomes less and less.About 15 hours (on 0.329MPa) or 18.5
Hour is practically without more strain increases (on 0.1645MPa).As was expected, higher application stress need compared with
Few time carrys out steady creep strain.In the next step, two samples are placed into air 120 hours at room temperature, every 24 is small
Shi Jilu is once.Finally, 60 DEG C up to 10 minutes are heated the sample to.Corresponding shape recovery ratio is calculated and is plotted in Figure 20
In.It will be seen that the shape recovery ratio of two samples is roughly the same with the curve of time.Over time, shape
Resume speed gradually reduces.At room temperature in air after 120 hours, both there is about 85% recovery rate.Further
60 DEG C up to 10 minutes are heated to, the complete shape for obtaining 0.1645MPa is recovered.
Therefore, it should reasonably draw a conclusion, this eva foam is suitable for rational wearing for a long time.By for a long time
At room temperature, its excellent heating responsive type SME can be not present wearing.According to Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 13, Figure 14, in high temperature
Under, eva foam is soft and can be stretched or compressed 30% or more.Therefore, the shoes made of this foam should
This is easy to dress, while ensures comfortable fit.As shown in figure 16, corresponding shape fixed rate is all very in uniaxial tension and compression
It is high so that foam can mostly maintain worked out shape.Therefore, the temporary shapes of footwear can made of this foam
The greatly shape for preserving one's individuality after " establishment ".Be prepared under uniaxial tension or uniaxial compression 80% should
Become, foam still has high resiliency at room temperature, and as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 15, it shows：This soft shoes still have
Elasticity, or even it is stretched to 50% or compression 45%.Therefore, the personalized footwear prepared are not only easily taken off and put on,
But also can cosily it wear.High resiliency at room temperature also implied that after establishment, and shoes can be in short term in
Preserving one's individuality shape mostly in the case of the loading time limit of phase.For prolonged load, creep can occur for this foam
(Figure 18 and Figure 19), but largely deformation can recover automatically caused by creep, can also be certainly even if not heating
It is dynamic to recover (Figure 20).Can heat up to 60 DEG C, with induce almost complete shape recover.
In fig. 17 it was observed that excellent heating induction shape is recovered, in addition to 80% compression foam.Shape is recovered
The possible cause of difficult behind is foam excess compression at high temperature.A possible method for eliminating this problem is to reduce
The deformation of eva foam plastics.In theory, for identical compressive load, with the increase of the rigidity of material, phase is deformed accordingly
It should reduce.For this eva foam, its rigidity can easily be increased by reducing its porosity.
According to Figure 16, the optimum of shape fixed rate always obtains at a temperature of 60 DEG C of establishment in all tests, its
Temperature is higher than comfort temperature 15 DEG C.Therefore, the glass transition temperature of the EVA should be reduced somewhat.
The result of a series of experiments of eva foam shows：This foam disclosure satisfy that the most of requirements comfortably coordinated, special
It is not for may be molded footwear.It all has very high elasticity under high temperature and low temperature, therefore can easily be worked out, to enter
Row giocoso coordinates and used.
After establishment, custom-shaped can be kept significantly.Unless being overly compressed at high temperature, otherwise generally have good
SME shapes recover and follow-up recycle.
Claims (25)
1. a kind of moldable footwear or footwear insert, the moldable footwear or footwear insert extend through whole sole when in use,
And prepared by stimuli responsive shape-memory material (SMM).
2. moldable footwear according to claim 1 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape-memory material is heat
Respond shape-memory material (SMM).
3. moldable footwear or the footwear insert according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, the SMM is shape memory
Polymer (SMP).
4. moldable footwear according to any one of claim 1 to 3 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape
Between memory material is initially heated to about 45 DEG C and about 80 DEG C or below about 80 DEG C.
5. moldable footwear according to claim 4 or footwear insert, wherein, the surface temperature of the material is not when in use
More than 60 DEG C.
6. moldable footwear according to any one of claim 1 to 5 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive memory
Material selects ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or the group of above-mentioned item
Close.
7. moldable footwear according to any one of claim 1 to 6 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape
Memory material is characterized by the rigidity and/or elasticity of the Young's modulus based on 0.001GPa to 0.5GPa.
8. moldable footwear according to any one of claim 1 to 7 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape
Memory material is characterised by that temporary shapes can be kept under at least 40% shape fixed rate.
9. moldable footwear according to any one of claim 1 to 8 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape
Memory material is characterized by the shape-recovery capabilities of at least 40% shape recovery ratio.
10. moldable footwear or the footwear insert according to any one of claim 2 to 9, wherein, the SMM has about 1mm
To 3mm thickness.
11. moldable footwear or the footwear insert according to any one of claim 2 to 9, wherein, the SMM has about 2mm
To 15mm thickness.
12. moldable footwear according to any one of claim 1 to 9 or footwear insert, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape
Memory material is applied on textile material.
13. moldable footwear according to claim 12 or footwear insert, wherein, the coating is characterized by about
3g/10min to 20g/10min low flow index.
14. a kind of moldable footwear, the moldable footwear are prepared by stimuli responsive shape-memory material layer, wherein, the layer
It is configured to operate to form the footwear using at least one fastener.
15. moldable footwear according to claim 14, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape-memory material layer includes multiple recessed
Trace, the multiple indenture are constructed such that the material layer can deform.
16. the moldable footwear according to claims 14 or 15, wherein, at least one opening week in the multiple indenture
Boundary defines the opening in the material layer.
17. the moldable footwear according to any one of claim 14 to 16, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape-memory material
Layer is uniform.
18. a kind of moldable footwear, the moldable footwear are prepared by material layer, and the material layer is remembered including stimuli responsive shape
Recall material and secondary materials, wherein, the layer is configured to operate to form the footwear using at least one fastener.
19. moldable footwear according to claim 18, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape-memory material layer includes multiple recessed
Trace, the multiple indenture are constructed to be permeable to deform the material layer.
20. the moldable footwear according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, at least one opening week in the multiple indenture
Boundary defines the opening in the material layer.
21. the moldable footwear according to any one of claim 18 to 20, wherein, the stimuli responsive shape-memory material
Layer is uniform.
22. a kind of method for forming footwear, the footwear are prepared by stimuli responsive shape-memory material layer, methods described bag
Include：
The layer is heated to predetermined temperature；
Deform the layer；And
The layer is operated using at least one fastener to form the footwear,
Wherein, the deformation of the layer is by the way that leg structure is placed on the layer to carry out.
23. according to the method for claim 22, wherein, the deformation of the layer includes the change of multiple indentures in the layer
Shape.
24. the method according to claim 22 or 23, wherein, the predetermined temperature is between 45 DEG C to 80 DEG C.
25. the method according to any one of claim 22 to 24, wherein, the operation of the layer is carried out by folding
's.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SG10201502071W | 2015-03-17 | ||
| SG10201502071W | 2015-03-17 | ||
| PCT/SG2016/050125 WO2016148654A1 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2016-03-17 | Personalised footwear and the manufacture thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107529848A true CN107529848A (en) | 2018-01-02 |
| CN107529848B CN107529848B (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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ID=56919817
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680015087.7A Active CN107529848B (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2016-03-17 | Personalized shoe and manufacture thereof |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107529848B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016148654A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109820281A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-31 | 天津科技大学 | Personalized insole optimum design method based on diabetic foot's organisational level mechanical characteristic |
| WO2022000723A1 (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-06 | 宏威运动用品制造(张家口)有限公司 | Plastic shoe shell and forming process and using method therefor |
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| CN107529848B (en) | 2021-04-06 |
| WO2016148654A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
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