CN107526945A - 一种血清nefa评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法 - Google Patents
一种血清nefa评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107526945A CN107526945A CN201610451853.6A CN201610451853A CN107526945A CN 107526945 A CN107526945 A CN 107526945A CN 201610451853 A CN201610451853 A CN 201610451853A CN 107526945 A CN107526945 A CN 107526945A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- serum
- milk
- efa
- cow
- ecm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- DRCWOKJLSQUJPZ-DZGCQCFKSA-N (4ar,9as)-n-ethyl-1,4,9,9a-tetrahydrofluoren-4a-amine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2[C@]2(NCC)[C@H]1CC=CC2 DRCWOKJLSQUJPZ-DZGCQCFKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 101001008429 Homo sapiens Nucleobindin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 102100027441 Nucleobindin-2 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 45
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 150000005830 nonesterified fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010028554 LDL Cholesterol Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004407 Lactalbumin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000942 Lactalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 102100027211 Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283725 Bos Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004420 Creatine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010042126 Creatine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010023379 Ketoacidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007976 Ketosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000010445 Lactoferrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063045 Lactoferrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- -1 Lactose Urea Citric acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 108090000279 Peptidyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000008050 Total Bilirubin Reagent Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000003929 Transaminases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000340 Transaminases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035606 childbirth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003022 colostrum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021277 colostrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004110 gluconeogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N l-phenylalanyl-l-lysyl-l-cysteinyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophyl-l-glutaminyl-l-tryptophyl-l-arginyl-l-methionyl-l-lysyl-l-lysyl-l-leucylglycyl-l-alanyl-l-prolyl-l-seryl-l-isoleucyl-l-threonyl-l-cysteinyl-l-valyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-alanyl-l-phenylal Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078795 lactoferrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021242 lactoferrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009984 peri-natal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009894 physiological stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B40/00—ICT specially adapted for biostatistics; ICT specially adapted for bioinformatics-related machine learning or data mining, e.g. knowledge discovery or pattern finding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Bioethics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种血清NEFA评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法,本发明以泌乳初期奶牛血清NEFA水平为研究对象,将其与血液其它相关生化指标以及乳成分和饲料转化水平相关性进行分析,明确了血清NEFA含量与血清AST、GGT、TBIL、CREA、BHBA、CK、ALP、GlU以及乳蛋白、乳非脂乳固体、乳中柠檬酸、饲料消化率、DMI/ECM、DF/ECM存在显著相关性,并绘制线性相关曲线。本发明有利于相关评价机构或牧场管理人员对集约化牧场饲养管理、生产性能及饲料能量利用水平做出快速的评估,制定相应的防治措施。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种血清NEFA评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法。
背景技术
21世纪以来,随着我国奶牛业的不断发展,集约化饲养的普及,奶牛的单产泌乳量也在不断地增长。据公开数据显示2014年我国奶牛的存栏数为1470万头,2015年我国奶牛存栏数为1594万头。随着我国奶牛业的发展,高产品种的培育和引进,高能饲料的开发和利用,特别是在大规模集约化饲养的条件下,由于生产性能的不断提高和饲养管理不当,使得泌乳初期奶牛由于能量摄入不足使机体处于能量负平衡状态,最终导致疾病的发生,严重影响奶牛的生产性能。
泌乳初期奶牛经历着妊娠、分娩带来的生理应激,导致奶牛食欲低下,同时又承受着泌乳对能量的大量需求,使的机体处于不同程度的能量负平衡。为了满足能量需求机体大量动员脂肪。脂肪动员一方面弥补糖异生障碍导致的能量不足,另一方面导致血液循环中非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)浓度急剧升高。血液中NEFA作为一种替代能源被外周组织利用,并且优先被乳腺组织用于合成乳糖,其余大部分NEFA被运输到肝脏氧化生成能量或酮体或被再酯化生成甘油三酯。能量负平衡下当大量的NEFA进入肝脏,由于不能被完全氧化,将引起酮病、脂肪肝发生,并导致肝功能受损。因此血液中NEFA的水平可直接反应机体脂肪动员的水平,奶牛能量负平衡导致的血液生化指标的改变势必影响奶牛的乳成分及消化道对饲料营养成分的吸收转化水平。
乳成分的组成和各成分的含量是衡量牛奶营养品质的主要因素,其含量的高低、成分的多少即涉及乳品质量安全,又标志着奶牛的核心竞争力。乳脂肪是乳汁中的主要成分,并且乳脂肪风味好,容易被人体消化吸收,同时也是乳制品中重要的风味来源。乳蛋白主要由酪蛋白和乳清蛋白构成,酪蛋白除了提供营养物质外,还可以促进新生动物对矿物质的吸收。乳清蛋白在乳中的浓度比较低,但被营养学家公认为最优蛋白质免疫球蛋白和乳铁蛋白是初乳中的主要成分,对新生动物起到一定的免疫作用。另外乳蛋白消化过程中生成了一些具有特定的生理活性肽类物质,对机体代谢起着重要的调节作用。乳中非脂乳固体主要是由乳蛋白、无机盐、维生素、乳糖等构成,其变化主要取决于乳糖和乳蛋白的变动。它的含量直接关系到乳制品的质量,其含量是衡量乳品质的重要因素。乳汁中的柠檬酸含量对乳的酸度有影响,当柠檬酸含量高于正常值时常认为乳汁质量下降的指标。而牛奶中的上述营养成分的合成均与血液成分有密切的关系。此外由于能量摄入不足导致的奶牛泌乳初期的能量负平衡,势必存在异常的饲料营养成分转化水平。因此本发明通过分析血液相关生化指标与乳成分及饲料转化水平的相关性,最终建立了一种利用血清NEFA评价奶牛乳成分特征及饲料转化水平的方法,进而通过检测泌乳牛群血清NEFA水平评价规模化牛场奶群的健康水平、牛奶质量水平和饲料能源的利用水平,为绿色、经济的奶牛业发展提供有力的技术支持。
发明内容
本发明提供一种血清NEFA评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法。泌乳初期奶牛普遍处于不同程度的能量负平衡状态。为了满足能量需求,机体大量动员脂肪,而血液中的NEFA水平则反映了机体能量负平衡的严重程度,因此本发明以血清NEFA含量为研究对象,将其与血液其它相关生化指标以及乳成分和饲料转化水平相关性进行分析,结果如下:
奶牛血清NEFA与血清AST(R=0.624)、GGT(R=0.407)、TBIL(R=0.625)、CREA(R=0.323)、BHBA(R=0.574)以及CK(R=0.341)呈极显著正相关,与ALP(R=-0.304)及GlU(R=-0.632)呈极显著负相关。
奶牛血清NEFA与乳蛋白(R=-0.376)和非脂乳固体(R=-0.314)呈极显著负相关,与柠檬酸(R=0.523)呈极显著正相关。
奶牛血清NEFA与奶牛能量矫正乳(ECM)、干物质采食量(DMI)、粪便干物质量(DF)无显著相关性,与饲料消化率(R=0.742)呈显著正相关,与DMI/ECM(R=-0.773)和DF/ECM(R=-0.814)呈显著负相关。
奶牛血清NEFA与血清BHBA相关性方程为:y = 1.9634x1.0416,R2 = 0.4613;血清NEFA与血清GLU相关性方程为:y = 0.9465x2-3.062x+5.1485,R2 = 0.4598;血清NEFA与血清AST相关性方程为:y = -31.875x2-110.57x+47.463,R2 = 0.4323;血清NEFA与乳蛋白相关性方程为:y = 2.9161x-0.138,R2 = 0.174;血清NEFA与非脂乳固体相关性方程为:y =0.5321x2-1.4963x+10.015,R2 = 0.1307;血清NEFA与乳柠檬酸相关性方程为:y =0.0497ln(x)+0.2175,R2 = 0.3619;血清NEFA与DMI/ECM相关性方程为:y = 0.1235x2-0.6257x+1.8218,R2 = 0.6074;血清NEFA与DF/ECM相关性方程为:y = 0.3968x-0.585,R2 =0.8423;血清NEFA与奶牛饲料消化率相关性方程为:y = -0.191x2+0.5066x+0.3932,R2 =0.7135。其中方程中x为血清NEFA含量,且血清NEFA含量范围应为0.15-2.30 mmol/L。
本发明具有的有益效果是:本发明基于上述背景对泌乳奶牛血清NEFA与血液其它生化指标、乳成分、泌乳量、干物质采食量、干物质粪便以及干物质消化率等指标的相关性进行分析,并绘制线性相关曲线,建立一种血清NEFA评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法。本发明于临床生产中通过检测牛群血液NEFA水平,即可评价牛群围产期健康状况、牛群牛奶质量水平以及牛群的饲料转化水平。有利于相关评价机构或牧场管理人员对集约化牧场饲养管理、生产性能及饲料能量利用水平做出快速的评估,制定相应的防治措施。
附图说明
图1血清NEFA与血清BHBA、GLU、AST线性相关性曲线图。
图2 血清NEFA与乳中乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、柠檬酸线性相关性曲线图。
图3 血清NEFA与DMI/ECM、DF/ECM、饲料消化率线性相关性曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例,对本发明作进一步具体描述,但不局限于此:
1.实验奶牛信息
本实验奶牛均来自黑龙江省某集约化奶牛场,奶牛为2-6胎、产后3-40天泌乳奶牛,无临床可见疾病。所有奶牛TMR 饲喂,每天三次榨乳。本实验共收集了71份奶牛血清及乳样品,43份粪便样品以及对应的干物质采食量和泌乳量。
2.样品采集和处理
血清:在清晨投料时采集奶牛尾根静脉血10 mL,3000 r/min,离心10分钟,分离血清,冻存待检。血清生化指标利用全自动生化分析仪检测,主要检测:葡萄糖(GLU)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨转肽酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL),钙(Ca);磷(P);尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固朜(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、肌酐(CREA)、肌酸激酶(CK)、L-乳酸盐(L-ACT)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。
乳汁:每头试验奶牛每天进行三次榨乳,每次榨乳记录每头奶牛泌乳总量,同时每次榨乳采集25 mL乳液样品,样品采集后将一天三次乳样混匀,加入防腐剂(重铬酸钾,1mg/mL)放入4°C保存待检。乳液样品各成分主要使用红外和近红外分析仪进行分析,主要检测乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、尿素、柠檬酸、冰点、非脂乳固体、干物质含量,并且计算能量校正乳[ECM:ECM (kg/cow/d) = 泌乳量 (kg)× (376× 乳脂% + 209 × 乳蛋白% + 948)/3138]。
干物质采食量:试验奶牛正常TMR饲喂,每天早晚两次投料,每天投料前记录所投饲料重量,试验奶牛自由采食,于第二天投料前称取剩余饲料重量,从而计算实验奶牛当天的干物质采食量(DMI)。
粪样:隔离饲养实验奶牛,收集每头奶牛当天粪便,记录每头奶牛每天排粪量,用于粪便干物质(DF)含量测定。饲料消化率=(干物质采食量—干物质粪量)/干物质采食量
3.数据分析
所有数据应用IBM SPSS19.0软件进行分析,血清NEFA与血液其它生化指标、乳成分、泌乳量、干物质采食量、干物质粪便以及饲料消化率等指标的相关性采用Pearson直线相关性分析,相关系数R>0.3或R<-0.3表明两者具有显著相关性。
4.实验结果
分析71份奶牛血清NEFA与血清其它相关生化指标相关性见表1,血清NEFA与AST、GGT、TBIL、CREA、BHBA以及CK呈极显著正相关,与ALP及GlU呈极显著负相关。
表1 血清NEFA与血清其它生化指标的相关性分析
分析71份奶牛血清NEFA与乳成分的相关性见表2,NEFA与乳蛋白和非脂乳固体呈极显著负相关,与柠檬酸呈极显著正相关。
表2 血清NEFA与乳成分相关性分析
NEFA | 乳脂 | 乳蛋白 | 乳糖 | 尿素 | 柠檬酸 | 冰点 | 非脂乳固体 | 干物质 |
R | 0.091 | -0.376 | 0.097 | 0.255 | 0.523 | 0.055 | -0.314 | -0.075 |
P | 0.451 | 0.001 | 0.422 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 0.646 | 0.008 | 0.534 |
分析43份奶牛血清NEFA与各生产性能指标相关性见表3,血清NEFA与能量矫正乳(ECM)、干物质采食量(DMI)、粪便干物质量(DF)无显著相关性,与饲料消化率成显著正相关,与DMI/ECM和DF/ECM呈显著负相关。
表3 血液中NEFA与干物质采食,能量矫正乳及粪便干物质等信息的相关系
NEFA | ECM | DMI | DF | DMI/ECM | DF/ECM | 饲料消化率 |
R | 0.219 | -0.186 | -0.276 | -0.773 | -0.814 | 0.742 |
P | 0.158 | 0.233 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
本实验筛选血清NEFA与血液其它生化指标、乳成分及饲料转化水平指标显著相关指标,依据线性相关性最优原则,绘制线性相关曲线(见图1、图2、图3)。确定奶牛血清NEFA与血清BHBA相关性方程为:y = 1.9634x1.0416,R2 = 0.4613;血清NEFA与血清GLU相关性方程为:y = 0.9465x2-3.062x+5.1485,R2 = 0.4598;血清NEFA与血清AST相关性方程为:y = -31.875x2-110.57x+47.463,R2 = 0.4323;血清NEFA与乳蛋白相关性方程为:y = 2.9161x-0.138,R2 = 0.174;血清NEFA与非脂乳固体相关性方程为:y = 0.5321x2-1.4963x+10.015,R2 = 0.1307;血清NEFA与乳柠檬酸相关性方程为:y = 0.0497ln(x)+0.2175,R2 = 0.3619;血清NEFA与DMI/ECM相关性方程为:y = 0.1235x2-0.6257x+1.8218,R2 = 0.6074;血清NEFA与DF/ECM相关性方程为:y = 0.3968x-0.585,R2 = 0.8423;血清NEFA与奶牛饲料消化率相关性方程为:y = -0.191x2+0.5066x+0.3932,R2 = 0.7135。其中方程中x为血清NEFA含量,且血清NEFA含量范围应为0.15-2.30 mmol/L。
Claims (3)
1.一种血清NEFA评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法,其特征在于,本发明明确了泌乳初期奶牛血清NEFA水平与血清其它相关生化指标以及乳成分和饲料转化相关指标中显著相关性指标,并建立了利用血清NEFA含量评价奶牛乳成分特征及饲料转化水平的线性相关方程:
(a) 奶牛血清NEFA与血清AST(R=0.624)、GGT(R=0.407)、TBIL(R=0.625)、CREA(R=0.323)、BHBA(R=0.574)以及CK(R=0.341)呈极显著正相关,与ALP(R=-0.304)及GlU(R=-0.632)呈极显著负相关;
(b) 奶牛血清NEFA与乳蛋白(R=-0.376)和非脂乳固体(R=-0.314)呈极显著负相关,与柠檬酸(R=0.523)呈极显著正相关;
(c) 奶牛血清NEFA与奶牛能量矫正乳(ECM)、干物质采食量(DMI)、粪便干物质量(DF)无显著相关性,与饲料消化率(R=0.742)呈显著正相关,与DMI/ECM(R=-0.773)和DF/ECM(R=-0.814)呈显著负相关;
(d) 血清NEFA与血清BHBA相关性方程为:y = 1.9634x1.0416,R2 = 0.4613;与血清GLU相关性方程为:y = 0.9465x2-3.062 x+5.1485,R2 = 0.4598,;与血清AST相关性方程为:y =-31.875x2-110.57x+47.463,R2 = 0.4323;与乳蛋白相关性方程为:y = 2.9161x-0.138,R2 =0.174;与非脂乳固体相关性方程为:y = 0.5321x2-1.4963x+10.015,R2 = 0.1307;与乳柠檬酸相关性方程为:y = 0.0497ln(x)+0.2175,R2 = 0.3619;与DMI/ECM相关性方程为:y =0.1235x2-0.6257x+1.8218,R2 = 0.6074;与DF/ECM相关性方程为:y = 0.3968x-0.585,R2 =0.8423;与奶牛饲料消化率相关性方程为:y = -0.191x2+0.5066x+0.3932,R2 = 0.7135,其中方程中x为血清NEFA含量。
2.如权利要求1 所述的评价方法,其特征在于,所述的泌乳初期奶牛为产后3-40天,TMR饲喂的泌乳奶牛。
3.如权利要求1 所述的评价方法,其特征在于,所述血清NEFA含量范围应为0.15-2.30mmol/L。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610451853.6A CN107526945B (zh) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | 一种血清nefa评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610451853.6A CN107526945B (zh) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | 一种血清nefa评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107526945A true CN107526945A (zh) | 2017-12-29 |
CN107526945B CN107526945B (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
Family
ID=60735041
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610451853.6A Active CN107526945B (zh) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | 一种血清nefa评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107526945B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115316340A (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 山东大学 | 基于生化指标的牦牛犏牛育肥方法、装置、设备及介质 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104093321A (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-10-08 | 拜内梅尔克公司 | 动物饲料及其制备方法 |
WO2016083481A1 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-02 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Strains and methods for energy partitioning in ruminants |
-
2016
- 2016-06-22 CN CN201610451853.6A patent/CN107526945B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104093321A (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-10-08 | 拜内梅尔克公司 | 动物饲料及其制备方法 |
WO2016083481A1 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-02 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Strains and methods for energy partitioning in ruminants |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
LAW R A等: "产犊前后日粮能量水平对整个泌乳期奶牛生产性能和血液代谢物浓度的影响", 《饲料博览》 * |
Z.Y.HU等: "Effects of feeding fatty acid calcium and the interaction of forage quality on production performance and biochemical indexes in early lactation cow", 《JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION》 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115316340A (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 山东大学 | 基于生化指标的牦牛犏牛育肥方法、装置、设备及介质 |
CN115316340B (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-08-18 | 山东大学 | 基于生化指标的牦牛犏牛育肥方法、装置、设备及介质 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107526945B (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Petrera et al. | New insights into the quality characteristics of milk from Modenese breed compared with Italian Friesian | |
Xie et al. | Nitrogen partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows with different phenotypic residual feed intake | |
Dawson et al. | The effect of the digestible undegradable protein concentration of concentrates and protein source offered to ewes in late pregnancy on colostrum production and lamb performance | |
Wang et al. | The limiting sequence and proper ratio of lysine, methionine and threonine for calves fed milk replacers containing soy protein | |
Cermakova et al. | Comparison of shortened and conventional dry period management strategies | |
Quiroz-Rocha et al. | Effect of sampling time relative to the first daily feeding on interpretation of serum fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in dairy cattle | |
Yameogo et al. | Relationship between ketosis and dairy cows’ blood metabolites in intensive production farms of the periurban area of Dakar | |
Valldecabres et al. | First-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and yields: Comparison to second milking and associations with serum mineral concentrations, parity, and yield in multiparous Jersey cows | |
Hayton et al. | Nutritional management of herd health. | |
Ghani et al. | Enhancing the growth performance of replacement female breeder goats through modification of feeding program | |
Pazzola et al. | Composition, coagulation properties, and predicted cheesemaking traits of bulk goat milk from different farming systems, breeds, and stages of production | |
Eicher et al. | Cow level sampling factors affecting analysis and interpretation of milk urea concentrations in 2 dairy herds. | |
Säkkinen et al. | Plasma urea, creatinine, and urea: creatinine ratio in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) during defined feeding conditions and in the field | |
Auldist et al. | Incorporating mixed rations and formulated grain mixes into the diet of grazing cows: Effects on milk composition and coagulation properties, and the yield and quality of Cheddar cheese | |
Steyn et al. | The effect of replacing maize with dried apple pomace in the concentrate on performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu pasture | |
Kourousekos et al. | Effects of aflatoxin B1 administration on Greek indigenous goats’ milk | |
CN107526945A (zh) | 一种血清nefa评价奶牛乳成分及饲料转化水平的方法 | |
Makkar | Development, standardization and validation of nuclear based technologies for estimating microbial protein supply in ruminant livestock for improving productivity | |
Mapiye et al. | Protein status of indigenous Nguni and crossbred cattle in the semi-arid communal rangelands in South Africa | |
Morsy et al. | Date press cake replaces corn grains in the diet of lactating Egyptian buffaloes and Barki rams | |
Souza et al. | Relationship between performance, metabolic profile, and feed efficiency of lactating beef cows | |
Nielsen et al. | Effect of changes in diet energy density on feed intake, milk yield and metabolic parameters in dairy cows in early lactation | |
Løvendahl et al. | Lactose in milk-how can lactose concentration data be beneficial in management and breeding? | |
Contiero et al. | Source of variation of hematology and blood biochemical profiles of Holstein Friesian bulls in performance test | |
Spiteri et al. | Determination of Physicochemical characteristics of maltese ovine, caprine and bovine milk |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |