CN107525400A - The dc source of plasma smelting furnace - Google Patents
The dc source of plasma smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN107525400A CN107525400A CN201710856865.1A CN201710856865A CN107525400A CN 107525400 A CN107525400 A CN 107525400A CN 201710856865 A CN201710856865 A CN 201710856865A CN 107525400 A CN107525400 A CN 107525400A
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- plasma
- electrode
- smelting furnace
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- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- -1 vapor Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of dc source of plasma smelting furnace, the plasma smelting furnace comprises at least the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, the dc source is used to provide direct current energy to the electrode in the electrode in the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, it is characterized in that, dc source includes power-supply controller of electric, transformer and N number of DC voltage unit by switching series connection, in plasma melting furnace igniting, electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit is both turned on to provide electric energy to the electrode in the electrode in the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, after the success of plasma melting furnace igniting, the state of the switch of each DC voltage unit of power controller controls such as controls at the temperature in the container of in vitro smelting furnace.Dc source provided by the invention provides different output voltage values according to the working condition of plasma smelting furnace, makes plasma furnace work easy in starting up, and expand working range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dc source of plasma smelting furnace, in particular, be related to dangerous and non-hazardous material can
Control heat damage.
Background technology
In the past, it is that waste material is placed in landfill yard by waste disposal method.When the consequence of landfill disposal is a bit harmful poisonous
Material slowly discharges into empty gas and water and soil, therefore, causes the pollution of environment, to solve this problem, in the prior art
Using using incineration process, but incineration process is limited, and e.g., some waste materials are uneven, this prevent incinerator from
Sufficiently high steady temperature is kept to handle all organic and inorganic substances in waste product completely, in low-temperature circulating, is produced not
The product (pollutant) of completely burned and the organic substance (such as dioxin, furans and greenhouse gases) of potential danger, and finally
Release is into air.In high temperature circulation, the release increase of particle, nitrogen oxide and metal oxide, including a kind of known cause
Cancer thing：Cr VI.In order to solve the above technical problems, using plasma gasification is to inorganic and/or organic solid in the prior art
Waste, semisolid waste and/or liquid wastes are handled, and gasification furnace of the prior art is typically by plasma smelting furnace
Pending waste product is transported in burner hearth by charging aperture, and the waste product heating gas for being sent to burner hearth is then treated by plasma torch
Change or fusing form gas or clinker, then caused gas is reprocessed again to be formed available gas recycled or
Form innocuous gas to be discharged into the air, or processing is carried out to clinker and forms construction material.But only pass through control in the prior art
The distance between two plasma electrode components being arranged in plasma (orifice) gas smelting furnace control the temperature in burner hearth, working range
Limited by burner hearth.
The content of the invention
To overcome technical problem present in prior art, goal of the invention of the invention is to provide a kind of plasma smelting furnace
Dc source, it provides different output voltage values according to the working condition of plasma smelting furnace, plasma furnace is easily risen
Start building to make, and expand working range.
To realize the goal of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of dc source of plasma smelting furnace, the plasma smelting furnace
Including at least the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, the dc source be used for the first grade from
Electrode in electrode and the second plasma electrode component in daughter electrode assemblie provides direct current energy, it is characterised in that straight
Flowing power supply includes power-supply controller of electric, transformer and N number of DC voltage unit by switching series connection, in plasma melting furnace igniting
When, the electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit be both turned on to the electrode in the first plasma electrode component and the second grade from
Electrode in daughter electrode assemblie provides electric energy, after the success of plasma melting furnace igniting, each direct current of power controller controls
The state of the switch of unit is pressed the temperature in the container of in vitro smelting furnace such as to control.
Preferably, each DC voltage unit is to less including a transformer secondary coil, a detecting circuit, an electricity
Sub switch and a diode, wherein, the first end of transformer secondary coil is connected to the first end of detecting circuit, detecting circuit
The second end be connected to the positive pole of diode, the negative pole of diode is connected to the first end of electronic switch, electronics two switch the
Two ends are connected to the second end of transformer secondary coil, and the control terminal of electronic switch is controlled by power-supply controller of electric.
Preferably, working condition of the power-supply controller of electric through driver control electronic switch.
Preferably, power-supply controller of electric is connected to driver through photoisolator.
Preferably, the dc source of plasma smelting furnace also includes voltage sample circuit, and the voltage sample circuit is connected to N
To sample total magnitude of voltage between total voltage output terminal and ground that the individual DC voltage unit by switching series connection forms.
Preferably, the dc source of plasma smelting furnace also includes current sampling circuit, and the current sampling circuit is connected in series to N
In the circuit for total voltage source that the individual DC voltage unit by switching series connection forms, the first plasma electricity is flowed through with sampling
The current value of electrode in the component of pole and the electrode in the second plasma electrode component.
Preferably, the electric current and magnitude of voltage control that power-supply controller of electric is provided according to current sampling circuit and voltage sample circuit
Make the working condition of the electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit connected by electric switch.
Preferably, plasma smelting furnace also includes control system and electrode assemblie servo control mechanism, the electrode assemblie servo
The instruction that structure provides according to control system, drive the first plasma electrode component or the second plasma electrode component fortune
It is dynamic, to control the interval between the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component.
Preferably, the letter that plasma smelting furnace provides at least provided with temperature sensor, control system according to temperature sensor
Coordination electrode component servo control mechanism is ceased to control the interval of the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component
And/or to power-supply controller of electric send instructions with control it is N number of by electric switch connect DC voltage unit in electric switch work
Make state.
Preferably, plasma smelting furnace also includes rotation waste material runing rest.
Compared with prior art, the dc source of plasma smelting furnace provided by the invention, it is according to the work of plasma smelting furnace
Make state and different output voltage values are provided, make plasma furnace work easy in starting up, and expand working range.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal cross-section schematic diagram of plasma smelting furnace of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention provides waste material support；
Fig. 3 is the upward view of the first plasma electrode component provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the upward view of the second plasma electrode component provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of DC current provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and illustrated embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, and can not be construed to the limit to the present invention
System.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is individual ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that what is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
Diction " comprising " refer to the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component be present, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
One or more other features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or combinations thereofs.It should be understood that when we claim
When element is "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to other elements, or there may also be intermediary element.Here
The wording "and/or" used includes whole or any cell and all combinations of one or more associated list items.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that all terms used herein, and (including technical term and section are academic
Language), there is the general understanding identical meaning with the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention.It should also be understood that
Term used in present specification, it should be understood that there is the meaning consistent with prior art, unless in present specification quilt
Specific definitions, otherwise it will not be explained with the implication of extramalization.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal cross-section schematic diagram of plasma smelting furnace of the present invention；Fig. 2 is that the structure of present invention offer waste material support is shown
It is intended to；Fig. 3 is the upward view for the first plasma electrode component that variation of the present invention provides；Fig. 4 is that variation of the present invention provides
The second plasma electrode component upward view.As Figure 1-4, plasma furnace according to an embodiment of the invention
100 include：The container 101 being arranged on container support frame 119, the container have the cavity for receiving waste material, the appearance
The side wall of device is provided with charging aperture, and the charging aperture connects feed arrangement, is fed by feed arrangement, the discharge of the feed arrangement
Telescopic isolating door 125 is provided with, it is necessary to when feeding between mouth and the charging aperture of container 101, and control system makes motor work
To drive isolating door 125 to open, if need not feed, control system make motor work with drive isolating door 125 close into
Material mouth.
Feed arrangement includes the feed space set with angle of inclination.In certain embodiments, this angle of inclination is feed space
With the angle of mounting plane, about 0 degree and change between horizontal about 15 degree.In other embodiments, the angle of inclination
15 degree can be more than.It is under gravity, supply and discharge into container 101 from feed space to be obliquely installed feed arrangement
The waste and liquid (such as water) extruded or leaked from waste bag.According to one embodiment of the invention, the feed arrangement bag
Include feed hopper 110, with mounting plane in 0 degree to 15 degree cylindrical shape feed space and be arranged in feed space and along feed space
The transport axle 113 of axis extension, along circumferential, the transport single screw mechanism used to be formed that be provided with fin 112 of spiraling of transport axle 113
Axle 113 is driven by motor to be rotated, and is spiraled along the circumference of cylindrical shape feed space and is provided with airway tube 109, one end of the airway tube
Connected with the steam vent of container 101, the other end is communicated in container intracavity or is communicated in the waste heat boiler in downstream again.Along cylinder
The circumference of shape feed space spiral setting airway tube 109 formed cylinder, the periphery of the cylinder formed by airway tube is provided with guarantor
The heat-insulation layer that warm cylinder 108 or twined by insulation material covers to prevent the heat of airway tube from distributing as far as possible.Cylindrical shape feed space
Wall and airway tube prepared by Heat Conduction Material, the Heat Conduction Material is, for example, metal material.Motor is according to the control of control system
Signal processed can drive transport axle 113 to rotate.Charging aperture open upwards, the charging are provided with the side wall of cylindrical shape feed space
Mouthful feed hopper 110 is connected to, is provided with isolating door 127 between charging aperture and feed hopper 110, motor is according to the instruction of control system
The isolating door is controlled to run so that charging aperture is closed and opened.According to one embodiment, plasma smelting furnace also includes gas collection
Case 300, an air inlet of the plenum chamber 300 are communicated in the exhaust outlet 107 of container 101, and another of the plenum chamber enters
Gas port can be communicated in extraneous gas source channels；The exhaust outlet of plenum chamber 300 is communicated in airway tube 109, plenum chamber through control valve 129
Gas content sensor (not shown) can be set in 300 to detect the gas ingredients in plenum chamber.The gas of container discharge is first
Plenum chamber 300 is stored in, using the gas ingredients in gas analyzer analysis plenum chamber, the pernicious gas in plenum chamber 300
Content overproof when, control system control control valve 129, the exhaust outlet of plenum chamber 300 is connected with the inlet end of conduit 109,
The exhaust outlet of airway tube is communicated in container, gas is again passed by decomposition；When the content of the pernicious gas in plenum chamber 300 does not have
When being above standard, control system control control valve 129, the exhaust outlet of plenum chamber is connected with the inlet end of waste heat boiler, utilize
Waste heat carries out heat exchange with industry water.
In certain embodiments, feed arrangement can provide waste material, such as solid waste, Polychlorinated biphenyls to container 101
Pollutant, refinery's waste, office waste, cafeteria's waste, plant maintenance waste are (for example, wooden bracket, the illumination scrapped
Utensil, plant waste, wastewater sludge), pharmaceutical wastes, clinical waste, flying dust and bottom ash, industry and laboratory solvent, You Jihe
Inorganic chemistry product, insecticide, organic chloride, thermal cell, refuse battery and the military waste including weapon component.Deng from
Daughter smelting furnace includes multiple contractile isolating doors.Isolating door 127 can be set adjacent to feed hopper to allow to solid
Waste material is supplied in the feed space of waste supply feed arrangement.Isolating door 125 sets adjacent to container 101 and can allowed to appearance
Waste material is supplied in device 101.Isolating door 127 closing after, can be used nitrogen to feed space pressurize be obviously reduced and/
Or prevent air from entering in the container 101 for accommodating waste material, and prevent flammable forming gas to be flowed into container 101 substantially
In.In certain embodiments, set prevent fuel gas flow into container 101 safety component, the emergency cut-off of isolating door 127,
It can introduce nitrogen gas into feed space.Using the present invention feed arrangement in it is single screw mechanism used when isolating door 125 is opened,
Waste material can be pushed into container 101 so that will be basic in the region between the entrance of isolating door 125 and container 101
There is no remaining obsolete material.Except be obliquely installed feed space with allow gravity help by waste material move into container 101 in it
Outside, feed space be obliquely installed can help in waste discharge of the aqueous or other liquid into container 101.
When receiving waste material, to help to reduce and/or preventing the poisonous or nuisance for producing and/or discharging from feed space
Matter, disinfectant can be introduced into feed space by opening.In certain embodiments, this opening can be hopper port, and it is in waste
Carried out disinfection before into feed space.In other embodiments, opening can be set along a part for feed space.It is introduced into feed space
Disinfectant can be discharged into container 101 and be handled as waste.In further embodiments, disinfectant can be fed by edge
The nozzle that the path of room is set introduces.
According to an embodiment, in isolating door 125 and the part led between the entrance of container 101 can be refractory material lining
In.
According to some embodiments, solid and liquid wastes are handled simultaneously substantially.Waste is handled simultaneously to be basic, can be incited somebody to action
Solid and liquid wastes are introduced into feed arrangement to form solid and liquid wastes homogeneous mixture.Plasma furnace can be handled
The solid and liquid wastes of equal or different amount.
Container 101 can be disposed vertically, and locally or partly can be constructed so as to be tieed up if a part removed
During shield, then other parts are positively retained at its appropriate position.In certain embodiments, container 101 can be elliposoidal, can also
Can also be that bottom is cylindrical chamber and top is cylindrical chamber for cylinder, centre is truncated cone-shaped room with by upper chamber and lower room
Transition connects.
The lower room of container 101 may include slag/metal portion and high temperature turbulent portion, and it can promote gaseous dissociation and pyrolysis anti-
Should.Container 101 includes high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion layer, insulating barrier, heat-insulation layer and flame retardant coating successively from inside to outside.According to an implementation
Example, if the inwall of container can be formed by dried layer refractory composition, can also be made by mild steel and by refractory masses
Isolation inwall be made, the refractory masses may include diamond dust or graphite brick, hydraulicity castable refractory, ceramic wafer, pottery
Porcelain coating, close pressing plate and/or high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion Pyrex block.The design of the inwall of container 101 is contemplated that：How operation is made
Flexibility, minimize how the heat time, allowing natural cooling and/or do not causing the hot-face insulation portion to container 101
And/or in the case of the infringement of other parts, how to realize and frequently heat and cool down daily.
Can be set in container temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor with can to the temperature in container 101 and/or
Pressure is continuously or substantially continuously monitored to ensure the negative pressure in container 101 within preset range.Can be by container
One or more monitoring mouths are set on 101 walls, so that the probe of temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor is stretched into container, with
Detection temperature and/or pressure, temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor can be connected with control system so that the temperature detected to be believed
Breath and pressure information send control system to, and the data that control system measures according to it control the working condition of other parts, institute
State servo control mechanism, the output voltage of direct voltage source of other parts such as motor.In container 101, predetermined range of negative pressure can be big
Between about -5mm water columns and about -25mm, but operating pressure selection may depend on the characteristic of pending waste material and change.It is excellent
Selection of land, negative pressure is between -5mm water columns and about -15mm water columns.
When inorganic wastes are provided be given to container 101 when, inorganic wastes vitreous or fusing can be made by heater.Heating
Device is the device that can convert electrical energy into heat energy.These devices can by grade that two electrodes (anode and negative electrode) forms from
Sub- torch, the plasmatorch are installed in container 101 and controllable argon-arc plasma field can be produced inside container 101.When with compared with
When basicly stable air-flow is formed between the electrode assemblie of high current value, plasma electrode component can produce controllable plasma
.Heater can produce about 100kW plasma energy.
The heater of the plasma furnace 100 of first embodiment of the invention includes two plasma electrode components,
Second plasma electrode component includes support member 130 and curved electrode 129, and the support member 130 is by high-temperature alloy system
Into, it include diameter be slightly less than the annulus of the internal diameter of container 101, diameter be equal to curved surface chord length annulus and radially connect first
Multiple connection straps of annulus and the second annulus form, and curved electrode 129 is fixed on diameter by mechanical structure and is equal to curved slab
Chord length annulus on, curved surface plate shape electrode 129 is preferably convex arc-shaped curved surface.The first plasma electrode component
Including comb electrode, it comprises at least a connecting shaft, battery lead plate 1022 and the multiple electrodes post being vertically set on battery lead plate,
Such as 1021.The free end of the multiple electrodes post of first plasma electrode component is identical with the spacing of curved slab, it is preferable that electrode
Plate 1022 is patty, and multiple electrodes post uniform vertical is arranged on battery lead plate.Battery lead plate is fixed in one end of connecting shaft
On 1022, other end connection gear 106.First plasma electrode component can control in container by electrode assemblie servo control mechanism
Move up and down.The appropriate location that second plasma electrode component is fixed in container by its support member 130, it is preferable that make
Curved surface plate electrode 129 is placed in immediately below waste material swivel mount, in this way, when being positioned over that waste material is melted on waste material swivel mount, liquation
Container bottom is flowed into by curved slab electrode assemblie, so as to not allow to be also easy to produce incrustation and/or precipitated metal on battery lead plate, so
Plasma melting stove long-term stable operation can be kept.Simultaneously as electrode is in the first plasma electrode component in the present invention
Pectination, be advantageous to the gas ionization in container to produce argon-arc plasma field.
First plasma electrode component 102 is arranged on container top, and in the presence of electrode assemblie servo control mechanism
Run up and down along the axis of the second plasma electrode component 131, with the temperature in control container cavity.Etc. in vitro electrode assemblie
102 include hollow axle and the electrode assemblie section being installed on axle, and the cavity of axle is used to be connected to electricity through wire, the wire
In the component section of pole, for providing electric energy to electrode assemblie section, the electric energy is subsequently carried out by direct-current power supply with reference to accompanying drawing 5
Illustrate the circuit of dc source.For the electrode assemblie servo control mechanism bag for driving the first plasma electrode component to run up and down
Include：Support 123, Saw blade 122, patty gear 106, patty gear 104 and motor 105, support 123 are fixed on molten
The top of stove item, its center are provided with through hole and passed through for being connected in the sleeve shaft of electrode assemblie section, be vertically arranged on the support
There is Saw blade 122.Patty gear 106 is fixed in one end of the sleeve shaft of plasma electrode component 102, and the other end is connected to
Electrode assemblie section.The gear engages with Saw blade 122.The output shaft of motor 105 is engaged with gear 104, and motor 105 is being controlled
It is operated in the presence of system processed, when needing the temperature in container 101 to reduce, the output shaft driven gear 104 of motor 105
Turning clockwise, gear 104 moves up with the rotate counterclockwise of moving gear 106, gear 106 along Saw blade 122, so that the
One plasma electrode assemblie 102 moves up, so that plasma electrode component 102 and plasma electrode component 129
Distance increases, and the temperature of container 101 reduces.When needing the temperature in container 101 to raise, the output shaft band moving teeth of motor 105
104 rotate counterclockwises are taken turns, gear 104 turns clockwise with moving gear 106, and gear 106 moves down along Saw blade 122, from
And the first plasma electrode component is moved down, so that plasma electrode component 102 and plasma electrode component
129 distance reduces, the temperature rise of container 101.
In the present invention, plasma smelting furnace also includes waste material runing rest, and it includes the diameter that diameter is slightly less than container intracavity
Annulus gear 1301, diameter be much smaller than container intracavity diameter annulus 1302, annulus gear 1301 can be with waste material runing rest
Gear engagement in servo control mechanism；Multiple cuboids radially are evenly arranged between annulus gear 1301 and annulus 1302
The radially connected bar of shape, such as 1033, are additionally provided with least one circumferential connection strap between two neighboring connection strap, in this way, making waste material
Runing rest forms big mesh shape.During making, the size of mesh, generally, mesh are set according to the size of pending waste material
Size is less than the size of waste material.If waste material runing rest can be designed to annular groove to accommodate liquid by treatment liquid waste material.
Waste material runing rest servo control mechanism includes travelling gear 124, drive gear 116 and motor 17.In container 101
Side wall interior edge is circumferentially provided with the fixed mount of multiple L-types, and such as 126, circumference of multiple fixed mounts along container inner wall is uniform and same
Highly set, multiple fixed mounts are used for stationary annular guide rail 128.Opening is provided with the side wall of container 101, be open interior set
There is axle, travelling gear 124 can rotate around the axle, and travelling gear 124 extends part and the output of motor 117 outside container
The drive gear 116 connected on axle is engaged, and the part extended in container is engaged with annulus gear 1301.Under annulus gear 1301
The annular groove or multiple slide assemblies that can be slided on guide rail 128 that Open Side Down are provided with, during installation, by guide rail
128 are embedded in the slide assemblies under the annulus gear 1301 of waste material runing rest or in annular groove, in this way, working as motor
During 117 drive its drive gear 116 rotation, travelling gear 124 also rotates, so as to drive ring gear 1031 also to rotate.Work
When, the first position of waste material runing rest is placed under charging aperture, and the solid waste that charging aperture pours into first is positioned over waste material rotation branch
The first position of frame；When waste material runing rest rotates in the presence of support servo control mechanism, the second place of waste material runing rest
Be placed under charging aperture, the first position for having accepted waste material leave the position of charging aperture lower end by the cushioning device heating in container and
Gasification and/or fusing, so circulation, the solid waste being poured into container are evenly arranged on waste material runing rest, Bu Huizao
Into accumulation, make reaction more fully and quick.
By control the first plasma electrode component in electrode and the second plasma electrode component in electrode it
Between gap, the arc voltage between electrode can be controlled, so as to adjust the internal temperature of container 101.In first embodiment,
Mainly refer to the top of the electrode in the first plasma electrode component and electrode in the second plasma electrode component
Gap between bottom.The size in the gap between electrode is selectable such that arc voltage substantially remains in design level.This sets
Meter is horizontal it is contemplated that following factor：The feature of waste；The energy of heater supply and the dissociation of completion molecule, pyrolysis, gasification
Ratio between energy needed for fusion processes expectation；Ratio caused by it is expected between the amount of forming gas and design capacity；With/
Or temperature and/or Oxygen Condition in container 101.The electrode and the second plasma put in the first plasma electrode component
The voltage between electrode in body electrode assemblie is higher, and admissible gap is bigger between electrode, and operating current is lower.If
Voltage drops to that minimum predetermined threshold is below horizontal, then can reduce the gap between the electrode in electrode assemblie, until voltage liter
Height arrives or more than minimum predetermined threshold level.If voltage is increased to more than maximum predetermined threshold value level, electrode can be increased
The gap between electrode in component, until voltage stabilization is within the scope of minimum to maximum predetermined threshold value.In 200kW power
In plasma smelting furnace, the gap between electrode in electrode assemblie is selectable such that working voltage is approximately 200 volts.It is minimum and
Max-thresholds predetermined threshold levels may be selected to be about 160 to about 240 volts, and the gap between electrode assemblie can be about
20mm to about 150mm.Heater can be powered by heating system by alternating current and/or direct current, and the present invention is logical
Dc source power supply is crossed, is subsequently illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing 4.
Vitreous or fusing waste from waste material can form slag such as glassy slag, and it is collected in container
In the slag bath of 101 bottoms.Slag can be discharged by one or more slag notches 120 from container 101, and the slag notch may be provided at
At the height specified away from the bottom of container 101 suitably and it may be provided at the radial position on the periphery of container 101.One
Individual or multiple slag notches are set horizontal by certain angle, and the molten slag layer of melting can keep the air seal of approximate continuous.One
Individual or multiple slag notches about can be 10 degree relative to the angle of the horizontal plane with intersection of the container 101 in slag notch.
Alternately, multiple slag notches can be set horizontal by different angles.
Slag can be drained into by slag notch in slag/metal alloy collection device.Slag/metal alloy collection device can
Including drag-out slag car.Drag-out slag car can be that air cooled type can also be water-cooling type.The slag of discharge can quench in water tank, cause discharge
Slag solidifies and is broken into less.Slag can stand leaching in the solid state.The solid slag removed from container 101 can lead to
Cross conveyer belt or other appropriate devices for being used to transmit are transferred to hopper and recycling from slag/metal alloy collection device
Or remove.Slag also cocoa is discharged into other specially appointed building machinery devices, such as by being formed in the mould of sand isolation
Construction material.
In the situation with more than one slag notch, slag notch may be provided at the different opening positions around container 101
And/or at different height.Slag notch can open one every time with alternating sequence, or open simultaneously substantially.During slagging tap, hold
The supply and/or processing of waste in device 101 can continue.
Solid slag can be used for many business applications, such as road construction, aggregate, blast cleaning, glass fibre
And/or glass fibres material, solid slag can be harmless and need not can fill.In addition it can form decoration ornamental slab for paving the floor
Or it is used in combination with construction material and combines Household building material to form lightweight.Slag notch is gone out by what is be made up of exotic material
Slag plug is closed.When to start slag tap when, will slag tap plug manually or remotely pull out so that molten slag/metal mixture
Exited into from container 101 in collection device.
Due to the low-oxygen environment in container 101, some metal oxides being present in waste stream are reducible into its element
Form.Being present in the metal in waste material and metal alloy can also melt in container 101.After a period of time, can be in slag
Gather a metal level in bottom of pond portion.Such as the special metal of iron class may be not easy the silicate reaction with containing in slag bath.Slag
This some metal and metal oxide are can absorb, but if a large amount of metals in waste be present, then metal may gather.As above institute
State, molten metal can be discharged together with molten slag by slag notch, and be handled.
The waste received in container 101 can undergo molecular dissociation and pyrolytic process.Pyrolysis is such process：With incinerate or
Burning is compared, and the heat-flash run in extreme low-oxygen environment makes molecular dissociation by the process.During this process, waste can lead to
Cross heating devices heat.The debirs of heating can be handled, until it is dissociated into its elemental composition, such as solid carbon (carbon
Particulate) and hydrogen.If exist in waste in the form of the derivative of hydrocarbon, oxygen, nitrogen and halogen (such as chlorine)
Also can be released.After pyrolysis and/or partial oxidation, caused gas (for example, synthesis gas) may include carbon monoxide,
Hydrogen, carbon dioxide, vapor, methane and/or nitrogen.
The oxygen and chlorine of dissociation freely can react with caused carbon and hydrogen, and can re-form various complicated and possible
Harmful organic compound.However, these compounds are formed at a high temperature of generally can not being kept in container 101, at high temperature,
Only the simple compounds of limited quantity can be stable.When chlorine or other halogens be present, most commonly stable compound is
Carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride gas.
The amount of oxygen present in waste material may be not enough to all carbon conversions present in waste material into CO gas.It is useless
Moisture present in material can react to absorb energy from the hot environment in container 101 and form one by " steam conversion " to be aoxidized
Carbon and hydrogen.If the oxygen or moisture of Shortcomings amount, unreacted carbon particulate can be entrained in the gas flow simultaneously in waste stream
Set out from container 101.Therefore, it is necessary to be handled again in secondary reactor.
Caused synthesis gas is heated at least about 1000 DEG C in container 101, includes what is be not decomposed in the forming gas
Composition, therefore, according to one embodiment of the invention, plasma smelting furnace also includes cycle subsystem, from the exhaust outlet of container 101
The gas discharged in 107 imports container again, to be decomposed again to the composition not being decomposed.According to one implementation of the present invention
Example, the gas discharged from container 101 is first introduced into the rotation shape airway tube in feed arrangement to be carried out to the waste material in feed space
Preheating, is then drained into container 101 by outlet again.According to the present invention, the waste material entered in container is pulled in bowl-shape
Waste material runing rest on, and the support can clockwise or counterclockwise in the presence of motor 117, waste material runing rest
Decomposed or melted by the heating devices heat in container during being rotated with solid waste, slag passes through the sky on support
Gap falls into container bottom.Such structure prevents waste material to be accumulated in container bottom, so as to improve the efficiency of heating surface, handles waste product
Speed greatly improves.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of dc source provided by the invention, as shown in figure 5, described straight according to one implementation of the present invention
Power supply is flowed to be used to provide direct current energy to the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, it is provided by the invention straight
Stream power supply includes transformer B, N level DC voltage unit and power-supply controller of electric, and the transformer includes a primary coil and N number of
Secondary coil, adjacent power unit are cascaded by afterflow coil, and the N is the integer more than or equal to 4, and the transformer will
115V/220V 400Hz alternating voltage is transformed into required alternating voltage.The composition of N number of DC voltage unit is identical, often
First coil (such as L1, L2 ..., LN) of individual power subsystem including transformer secondary output, rectifier (such as D11, D21 ...
DN1), fly-wheel diode is (as (D12, D22 ..., DN2), electronic switch (such as T1, T2 ..., TN) and one drive
Level (DR1, DR2 ..., DRN), electronic switch are IGBT pipes, and the positive pole of the rectifier is connected to the coil of transformer secondary output
First end, the negative pole of rectifier are connected to the negative pole of fly-wheel diode；The positive pole of sustained diode is connected to the current collection of IGBT pipes
Pole component, the emitter stage of IGBT pipes are connected to the second end of the coil of transformer secondary output, and the grid of IGBT pipes is connected to driving stage,
The break-make of the control signal control IGBT pipes of the power-supply controller of electric received by driving stage according to photoisolator.IGBT pipes work in
On off state, when IGBT grid inputs a high potential, the conducting of IGBT pipes, the second end of coil is equivalent to being connected to afterflow two
The positive pole of pole pipe.The ac voltage rectifier conversion dc voltage that rectifier exports coil.The voltage at fly-wheel diode both ends is,
Upper end is just, lower end is negative.When the grid of IGBT pipes inputs a low potential, the cut-off of IGBT pipes.Fly-wheel diode both ends
Voltage is diode junction voltage.Driver is connected through photoisolator (such as IN1, IN2 ..., INN) with power-supply controller of electric.
It is connected between 1st power subsystem and the 2nd power supply list with afterflow coil L12, i.e., afterflow coil L12 is connected to
Between the negative pole of sustained diode 1 and the positive pole of sustained diode 2；Between 2nd power subsystem and the 3rd power subsystem
It is connected with afterflow coil L23, the like, it is connected between the N-1 power subsystem and n-th power subsystem with afterflow coil
Connect.In this way, in the case that if the electronic switch of each power subsystem simultaneously turns on, the total output of AC modulation power supply is always electric
Press as V be always each direct voltage output voltage sum., can be by the bottom of container or survey wall in plasma smelting furnace
Power hole is set so that electrode assemblie is connected to the dc source of outside.
In plasma melting furnace igniting, the electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit is both turned on to the first plasma electrode
Electrode in electrode and the second plasma electrode component in component provides higher voltage, in the success of plasma melting furnace igniting
Afterwards, the state of the switch of each DC voltage unit of power controller controls such as controls at the temperature in the container of in vitro smelting furnace.
Preferably working condition of the power-supply controller of electric through driver control electronic switch.Preferably power-supply controller of electric connects through photoisolator
It is connected to driver.Preferably, the dc source of plasma smelting furnace also includes voltage sample circuit, and the voltage sample circuit is by electricity
Hinder total voltage output terminal that R1 and resistance R2 is in series and is connected to N number of DC voltage unit composition by switching series connection
Between ground, the node being connected from resistance R1 with resistance R2 takes out sampling voltage, and gives power-supply controller of electric；Preferably, wait from
The dc source of sub- smelting furnace also includes current sampling circuit R3, the current sampling circuit R3 and is connected in series to N number of by switching series connection
DC voltage unit composition total voltage source circuit in, with sampling flow through the first plasma electrode component and the second grade from
The current value of sub-electrode component.Preferably, the electricity that power-supply controller of electric is provided according to current sampling circuit and voltage sample circuit
The working condition of stream and the electric switch in the N number of DC voltage unit connected by electric switch of magnitude of voltage control.Dc source is also
Including electric capacity C1, it, which is connected between total power output end and ground, is used to filter.
It is interior at least provided with temperature sensor, control system root according to one embodiment of the invention, plasma container 101
The information coordination electrode component servo control mechanism provided according to temperature sensor is to control the electrode in the first plasma electrode component
With the interval of the electrode in the second plasma electrode component, so as to the temperature in control container, when passing through electrode assemblie servo
It is N number of by electric switch string by being controlled with power-supply controller of electric when mechanism can not be adjusted the interval electrode assemblie again
The working condition of electric switch in the DC voltage unit of connection, the voltage of two electrode assemblies is supplied to control, and then controlled
Temperature in container, because the present invention is provided with regulated power supply, therefore the temperature range in plasma furnace vessel is expanded, entered
One step has adapted to the needs of the waste material to handling different qualities.
It should be noted that " one embodiment " referred to herein, " embodiment " or " one or more implementation
Example " is it is meant that the special characteristic, structure or the characteristic that describe are included at least one embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments
In.Further, it is noted that word example " in one embodiment " is not necessarily all referring to same embodiment here.
It should be noted that the present invention will be described rather than limits the invention for above-described embodiment, and ability
Field technique personnel can design alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In the claims,
Any reference symbol between bracket should not be configured to limitations on claims.Word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of not
Element or step listed in the claims.Word "a" or "an" before element does not exclude the presence of multiple such
Element.The present invention can be by means of including the hardware of some different elements and being come by means of properly programmed computer real
It is existing.The use of word first, second, and third does not indicate that any order, merely to difference.
Furthermore, it should also be noted that the language used in this specification primarily to readable and teaching purpose and select
Select, rather than selected to explain or limit subject of the present invention.Therefore, without departing from appended claims
In the case of scope and spirit, many modifications and changes are all apparent for those skilled in the art
's.For the scope of the present invention, the disclosure done to the present invention be it is illustrative and not restrictive, it is of the presently claimed invention
Protection domain is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dc source of plasma smelting furnace, the plasma smelting furnace comprises at least the first plasma electrode component and the
Two plasma electrode assemblies, the dc source are used for the electrode and the second plasma in the first plasma electrode component
Electrode in body electrode assemblie provides direct current energy, it is characterised in that dc source includes power-supply controller of electric, transformer and N number of
By switching the DC voltage unit of series connection, in plasma melting furnace igniting, the electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit is both turned on
With in the electrode in the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component electrode provide electric energy, wait from
After sub- smelting furnace is lighted a fire successfully, the state of the switch of each DC voltage unit of power controller controls such as controls at the in vitro smelting furnace
Temperature in container.
2. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each DC voltage unit is to less
Including a transformer secondary coil, a detecting circuit, an electronic switch and a diode, wherein, transformer secondary output
The first end of coil is connected to the first end of detecting circuit, and the second end of detecting circuit is connected to the positive pole of diode, diode
Negative pole be connected to the first end of electronic switch, the second end that electronics two switchs is connected to the second end of transformer secondary coil,
The control terminal of electronic switch is controlled by power-supply controller of electric.
3. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 2, it is characterised in that power-supply controller of electric is through driver control
The working condition of electronic switch processed.
4. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 3, it is characterised in that power-supply controller of electric is through Phototube Coupling
Device is connected to driver.
5. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also including voltage sample circuit,
The voltage sample circuit is connected to total voltage output terminal and ground that N number of DC voltage unit by switching series connection forms
Between to sample total magnitude of voltage.
6. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also including current sampling circuit,
The current sampling circuit is connected in series in the circuit for total voltage source that N number of DC voltage unit by switching series connection forms,
The current value of the electrode in the electrode and the second plasma electrode component in the first plasma electrode component is flowed through with sampling.
7. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 6, it is characterised in that power-supply controller of electric takes according to electric current
In the N number of DC voltage unit connected by electric switch of electric current and magnitude of voltage control that sample circuit and voltage sample circuit are provided
Electric switch working condition.
8. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 7, it is characterised in that plasma smelting furnace also includes control
System and electrode assemblie servo control mechanism, the instruction that the electrode assemblie servo control mechanism provides according to control system, driving first etc.
Gas ions electrode assemblie or the second plasma electrode component movement, to control the first plasma electrode component and second etc.
Interval between gas ions electrode assemblie.
9. the dc source of plasma smelting furnace according to claim 8, it is characterised in that plasma smelting furnace at least provided with
Temperature sensor, the information coordination electrode component servo control mechanism that control system provides according to temperature sensor with control the first grade from
The interval of daughter electrode assemblie and the second plasma electrode component and/or N number of logical to control to power-supply controller of electric send instructions
The working condition for the electric switch crossed in the DC voltage unit of electric switch series connection.
10. according to the dc source of any described plasma smelting furnaces of claim 1-9, it is characterised in that plasma smelting furnace is also
Including rotating waste material runing rest.
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