CN107520528A - 一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法 - Google Patents
一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107520528A CN107520528A CN201710587513.0A CN201710587513A CN107520528A CN 107520528 A CN107520528 A CN 107520528A CN 201710587513 A CN201710587513 A CN 201710587513A CN 107520528 A CN107520528 A CN 107520528A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 399
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
本发明实施例提供了一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法，所述方法包括：将两个焊枪分别设置在焊接接头的正面和背面，并且所述两个焊枪沿所述焊接接头的焊缝方向相距预设距离；所述两个焊枪均采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG焊接方式作业，且所述两个焊枪先后起弧并同步、协同移动进行焊接。本发明实施例实现了铝及铝合金零间隙条件下根部的全熔透，MIG焊可以焊接厚度较大的焊接接头，提高了铝及铝合金焊接接头的质量和焊件的使用寿命。
Description
一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明实施例涉及焊接技术领域，具体涉及一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方 法。
背景技术
[0002] 铝合金和铝及其焊接结构的使用是减轻设备整体结构重量、提高能源利用效率的 有效途径之一，广泛用于航空航天、高速列车等焊接结构的关键承载部件制造。铝合金具有 密度小，比强度高，无磁性，良好的耐腐蚀性和低温初性及成形性等特点，在轨道车辆、航空 航天等行业中得到广泛应用，成为了一种理想的轻量化材料。铝合金本身的物理、化学特 性，熔点低，散热快，凝固快，线膨胀系数大，因此铝合金产品焊接结构中存在大量的根部难 熔透焊接接头形式，例如典型的单HV接头。
[0003] 铝合金及铝的焊接面临许多难题，容易产生熔合不良、气孔、裂纹等焊接缺陷，造 成这些焊接缺陷产生的主要原因是：（1)铝合金导热性良好，热导率是铁的数倍，仅次于金、 银、铜。（2)铝在空气中及焊接时极易氧化，生成的氧化铝(AI2O3)熔点高、非常稳定，不易去 除，易生成夹渣、未熔合、未焊透等缺陷;铝合金的表面氧化膜会吸附大量的水分，易使焊缝 产生气孔。（3)铝的线膨胀系数比钢将近大一倍，凝固时的结晶收缩有比钢大，在焊件中会 产生较大的热应力，是产生裂纹的主要原因。（4)焊接过程中操作方法不正确产生的缺陷， 如未熔合、裂纹、气孔等。在铝合金焊接中，坡口形状、焊接参数等都会导致焊接缺陷的产 生。
[0004] 随着日益严格的服役环境和高可靠性的需求，对焊接接头的质量也提出了更高的 要求，关键承载部件要求实现焊缝全熔透。现有技术中，为了保证全熔透，焊接采用大间隙 或者采用背部清根后进行施焊，但是，大间隙增加了焊丝金属的填充量，导致母材热输入 大，焊接变形大，力学性能下降，并且背部清根降低了生存效率。现有技术中，还有使用TIG 共熔池焊接，以提高焊接接头的质量，但是，这种焊接方法只能焊接厚度较小的焊件，并且 焊接过程复杂，不易操作，焊枪的焊接位置比较容易受到局限。
[0005] 因此，如何提出一种方案，能够实现提高铝及铝合金焊接接头质量，进一步提高焊 件的使用寿命，成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
[0006] 针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明实施例提供及一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接 方法。
[0007] 本发明实施例提供的一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法，包括：
[0008]将两个焊枪分别设置在焊接接头的正面和背面，并且所述两个焊枪沿所述焊接接 头的焊缝方向相距预设距离；
[0009]所述两个焊枪均采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG焊接方式作业，且所述两个焊枪 先后起弧并同步、协同移动进行焊接。
[0010] 进一步地，所述预设距离为20毫米〜50毫米。
[0011] 进一步地，所述方法还包括:后起弧的焊枪在先起弧的焊枪起弧时，向所述焊接接 头区域提前送入保护气。
[0012] 进一步地，所述方法还包括：
[0013] 先熄弧的焊枪在熄弧后继续向所述焊接接头区域送入保护气，直至后熄弧的焊枪 熄弧后，所述先熄弧的焊枪停止续向所述焊接接头区域送入保护气。
[0014] 进一步地，所述两个焊枪的焊接规范参数不同。
[0015] 进一步地，先起弧的焊枪的焊接规范参数大于后起弧的焊枪的焊接规范参数，所 述焊接规范参数包括焊接电流。
[0016] 进一步地，所述焊接接头包括:对接接头、角接接头、十字接头、T型接头、及异型接 头。
[0017] 进一步地，所述两个焊枪均采用角焊、平焊、横焊或者向上立焊。
[0018] 进一步地，所述两个焊枪采用角焊、平焊、横焊和向上立焊中任意两个焊接位置进 行组合焊接。
[0019] 进一步地，所述两个焊枪中一个焊枪进行仰角焊，另一个焊枪进行角焊或平焊。
[0020] 本发明实施例提供的铝及铝合金双枪双面焊接方法，通过两把焊枪分别在焊接接 头正、背面先后起弧焊接，两个焊枪均采用MIG焊，两个焊枪始终保持协同移动并间隔一定 距离，正焊枪对背焊枪的后续焊接起到预热作用，一次焊透，双面成形。有效利用了先起弧 的焊枪施焊时的温度场，降低被焊工件的总体焊接热输入，母材受热小，焊接变形小。由于 整体热输入变小，焊后焊接接头组织好，焊后力学性能高，并且采用双枪焊接提高了焊接效 率。本发明实施例实现了铝及铝合金零间隙条件下根部的全熔透，MIG焊可以焊接厚度较大 的焊接接头，提高了铝及铝合金焊接接头的质量和焊件的使用寿命。
附图说明
[0021] 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现 有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发 明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根 据这些附图获得其他的附图。
[0022] 图1为本发明实施例中铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法的流程示意图；
[0023] 图2为本发明实施例中铝及铝合金双枪双面焊接焊枪设置结构示意图；
[0024] 图3 (a) -3 (e)为本发明实施例中双枪双面MIG焊接中焊枪位置示意图。
具体实施方式
[0025] 为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例 中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是 本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员 在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
[0026] 图1为本发明实施例中铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法的流程示意图，如图1所 示，本发明实施例提供的铝及铝合金双枪双面焊接方法包括：
[0027] SI、将两个焊枪分别设置在焊接接头的正面和背面，并且所述两个焊枪沿所述焊 接接头的焊缝方向相距预设距离；
[0028]具体地，图2为本发明实施例中铝及铝合金双枪双面焊接焊枪设置结构示意图，如 图2所示，本发明实施例中采用两个焊枪分别设置在焊接接头的两侧即将两个焊枪设置焊 接接头的正面和背面。其中，假设设置在焊接接头一侧面的称为正焊枪，设置在焊接接头另 一侧面的称为背焊枪，焊接接头是指两个或两个以上零件要用焊接组合的接点，或指两个 或两个以上零件用焊接方法连接的接头，包括焊缝、熔合区和热影响区。如图2所示，其中， 正焊枪和背焊枪之间沿焊接接头的焊缝方向相距预设距离L，即两个焊枪在焊接接头的两 侧面，沿焊缝方向相距预设距离L。
[0029] S2、所述两个焊枪均采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG焊接方式作业，且所述两个焊 枪先后起弧并同步、协同移动进行焊接。
[0030]具体地，本发明实施例中两个焊枪的位置设置好以后，两个焊枪均采用熔化极惰 性气体保护焊即MIG焊进行作业，即两个焊枪在焊接过程中均会向焊接接头送入保护气，以 确保铝及铝合金在焊接过程中不会被氧化。并且，两个焊枪在焊接过程中先后起弧，且同步 移动进行焊接，如：图2中的正焊枪先起弧进行焊接，背焊枪在正焊枪起弧预设时间后起弧 开始焊接，并且，两个焊枪在焊接过程中同步移动，即两个焊枪之间沿焊缝方向的距离基本 不变。本发明实施例中所述预设距离为20毫米〜5〇毫米，具体由焊枪的直径、保护气流量以 及保护气的范围决定，具体应用时，可以取30毫米左右，两个焊枪可以进行非共熔池的焊 接，即两个焊枪的熔池可以不相同。两个焊枪始终保持协同移动并间隔一定距离，正焊枪对 背焊枪的后续焊接起到预热作用。
[0031]其中，两个焊枪起弧的时间差可以根据实际情况进行设置，可以在后起弧的焊枪 起弧后，两个焊枪同时移动，如:可以在先起弧的焊枪形成熔池后，后起弧的焊枪起弧，两个 焊枪同时移动。本发明实施例将两个焊枪进行错位设置，两个焊枪之间沿焊缝方向相距预 设距离，并且先后起弧焊接，主要是为了使先起弧的焊枪可以对焊接接头进行预热。有效利 用了先起弧的焊枪施焊时的温度场，降低被焊工件的总体焊接热输入，母材受热小，焊接变 形小。由于整体热输入变小，焊后焊接接头组织好，焊后力学性能高，并且采用双枪MIG焊接 提高了焊接效率。
[0032]本发明实施例提供的铝及铝合金双枪双面焊接方法，通过两把焊枪分别在焊接接 头正、背面先后起弧焊接，两个焊枪均采用MIG焊，两个焊枪始终保持协同移动并间隔一定 距离，正焊枪对背焊枪的后续焊接起到预热作用，一次焊透，双面成形。本发明实施例实现 了铝及铝合金零间隙条件下根部的全熔透，MIG焊的操作简单，可以焊接厚度较大的焊件， 提高了铝及铝合金焊接接头的质量和焊件的使用寿命。
[0033] 在上述实施例的基础上，所述方法还包括:后起弧的焊枪在先起弧的焊枪起弧时， 向所述焊接接头区域提前送入保护气。
[0034]具体地，本发明实施例中的两个焊枪先后起弧进行焊接，当先起弧的焊枪起弧时， 后起弧的焊枪同时向焊接接头区域送入保护气（即后起弧的焊枪还未起弧但已经向焊接接 头区域送入保护气，后起弧的焊枪送入保护气的时间比其起弧的时间提前），以形成背部保 护。避免先起弧的焊枪使得焊件的温度升高，而先起弧的焊枪所在焊接接头的另一侧面(gP 后起弧的焊枪所在的侧面)的铝或铝合金由于温度过高被氧化。当然，先起弧的焊枪在起弧 时冋时向焊接接头区域送入保护气，以避免先起弧的焊枪所在的焊接接头的一侧的招或招 合金被氧化。其中，两个焊枪送入的保护气可以是氩气，也可以是三元气体即氩、氦、氮三种 气体混合，当然还可以是其他的惰性保护气体，本发明实施例不做具体限定。其中，两个焊 枪的保护气的气流可以根据实际情况进行调整，并且两个焊枪的保护气的种类以及保护气 气流的大小可以相同或不同。
[0035]例如：如图2所示，预先将正焊枪和背焊枪设置在焊接接头的正面和背面，并且两 个焊枪之间沿焊缝方向相距预设距离L。若正焊枪先起弧进行焊接，则在正焊枪起弧时（正 焊枪同时送入保护气），此时背焊枪还未起弧，但是，背焊枪这时先向焊接接头区域送入保 护气，形成背部保护，避免背焊枪所在的焊接接头的一侧的焊件（铝或铝合金）由于温度升 高被氧化。在正焊枪起弧开始焊接后预设时间（预设时间的大小根据实际情况而定），背焊 枪起弧开始焊接，背焊枪起弧的时间可以根据实际使用情况进行设置，本发明实施例不做 具体限定。
[0036]在上述实施例的基础上，先熄弧的焊枪在熄弧后继续向所述焊接接头区域送入保 护气，直至后熄弧的焊枪熄弧后，所述先熄弧的焊枪停止续向所述焊接接头区域送入保护 气。
[0037]具体地，本发明实施例采用的是两个焊枪先后起弧在焊接接头的两侧面进行焊 接，并且两个焊枪之间沿焊接接头的焊缝方向相距预设距离，因此，两个焊枪到达焊接接头 的终点的顺序也不同。先到达焊接接头终点的焊枪先完成焊接，先熄弧，后到达焊接接头终 点的焊枪后完成焊接，后熄弧。但是，先到达焊接接头终点的焊枪熄弧后，继续向焊接接头 送入保护气，直至后到达焊接接头的焊枪熄弧后，先熄弧的焊枪停止向焊接接头送入保护 气。因为，先熄弧的焊枪熄弧后，后熄弧的焊枪仍在焊接，焊接接头的温度仍比较高，先熄弧 的焊枪此时继续向焊接接头送入保护气，可以避免先熄弧的焊枪所在的焊接接头一侧的焊 接处被氧化，影响整个焊件的质量。
[0038]例如：图2中的正焊枪先到达焊接接头的终点，则正焊枪先熄弧，正焊枪熄弧时，仍 向焊接接头出送入保护气如氩气，到背焊枪也到达焊接接头的终点完成焊接时，背焊枪熄 弧，此时，正焊枪才停止向焊接接头送入保护气。以避免正焊枪所在焊接接头的一侧的焊 缝，在正焊枪熄弧后被氧化。
[0039]在上述实施例的基础上，所述两个焊枪的焊接规范参数不同。
[0040]具体地，本发明实施例中，两个焊枪的焊接规范参数不同，其中焊接规范参数包括 焊接电流，当然，焊接规范参数还可以包括其他参数如电弧电压等，本发明实施例不做具体 限定。具体使用时，先起弧的焊枪的焊接规范参数可以大于后起弧的焊枪的焊接规范参数。 例如:若图2中的正焊枪先起弧，背焊枪后起弧，则可以将正焊枪的焊接电流设置为大于背 焊枪的焊接电流。如:焊接接头为HV型坡口时，正焊枪的焊接电流设置为250A，背焊枪的焊 接电流设置为180A;焊接接头为K型坡口时，正焊枪280的焊接电流设置为，背焊枪的焊接电 流设置为220A。此时，正焊枪子啊焊接过程中起主导作用，正焊枪先起弧，并且焊接规范参 数大于背焊枪的焊接参数，为背焊枪的焊接起到预热的作用，背焊枪不必采用较高的焊接 规范参数如焊接电流即可以完成焊接过程，降低了被焊工件的总体焊接热输入。
[0041]本发明实施例提供的铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法，设置在焊接接头两侧的 焊枪的焊接规范参数如焊接电流不相同，如:先起弧的正焊枪的焊接电流大于后起弧的背 焊枪的焊接电流。可以有效利用先起弧的焊枪施焊时的温度场，降低被焊工件的总体焊接 热输入，母材受热小，焊接变形小。由于整体热输入变小，焊后焊接接头组织好，焊后力学性 能高，并且采用双枪焊接，一次焊透，双面成形，提高了焊接效率，提高了铝及铝合金焊接接 头的质量和焊件的使用寿命。
[0042]在上述实施例的基础上，所述焊接接头包括:对接接头、角接接头、十字接头、T型 接头及异型接头。
[0043]具体地，本发明实施例中的焊接接头可以是对接接头、角接接头、十字接头、T型接 头及异型接头，当然根据需要还可以是其他形式的焊接接头。在焊接接头两侧分别设置一 个焊枪，两个焊枪沿焊接接头的焊缝方向相距预设距离，在焊接过程中，两个焊枪先后起 弧，且同步移动，一次焊透，双面成形。解决了铝合金及铝的对接焊缝、T型接焊缝等接头型 式的焊接中HV、K型等坡口型式根部难于熔透的问题。
[0044]在上述实施例的基础上，所述两个焊枪均采用角焊、平焊、横焊或者向上立焊;或， 所述两个焊枪采用角焊、平焊、横焊和向上立焊中任意两个焊接位置进行组合焊接;或，所 述两个焊枪中一个焊枪进行仰角焊，另一个焊枪进行角焊或平焊。
[0045]具体地，本发明实施例中的两个焊枪可以采用多种位置的进行焊接，图3 (a)-3(e) 为本发明实施例中双枪双面MIG焊接中焊枪位置示意图，如图3 (a)所示，两个焊枪设置在焊 接接头的两侧，并且两个焊枪均采用向上立焊的位置进行焊接，即两个焊枪采用PF+PF的焊 接方式。如图3 〇3)和图3 (c)所示，两个焊枪均采用角焊的位置进行焊接，即两个焊枪采用PB +PB的焊接方式，但是图3⑹中的焊接接头是单侧开坡口，图3(c)中的焊接接头是两侧都开 坡口。如图3 (d)所示，两个焊枪均采用横焊的位置进行焊接，即两个焊枪采用PC+PC的焊接 方式。如图3(e)所示，正焊枪采用角焊的位置进行焊接，背焊枪采用仰角焊的方式进行焊 接，当然，也可以正焊枪采用仰角焊的位置进行焊接，背焊枪采用角焊的方式进行焊接，gp 两个焊枪采用PB+PD的焊接方式。实际应用时，两个焊枪还可以采用平焊的位置进行焊接， 即两个焊枪采用PA+PA的焊接方式或PA+PD的焊接方式等，当然，根据需要还可以采用其他 方式进行焊接。可以看出，本发明实施例中的焊接方法适用于多种位置的焊接方式，并且两 个焊枪可以采用不同焊接位置的组合焊接，两个焊枪的焊接位置还可以进行其他形式的组 合，本发明实施例不做具体限定。焊接接头的坡口形式也可以根据需要进行设置，本发明实 施例不做具体限定。此外，焊枪的倾角可以根据实际情况进行设置，本发明实施例在实施过 程中将焊枪倾角度控制在80°左右。
[0046] 本发明实施例提供的铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法，适用于多种位置的焊 接，可以用于焊接中厚壁焊缝，手法灵活、适应性强，简化了生产工序和工步，焊接效率得到 了极大提高;避免了根部缺陷的出现，提高了焊缝内部和外观质量。在焊接接头两侧分别设 置一个焊枪，两个焊枪沿焊接接头的焊缝方向相距预设距离，在焊接过程中，两个焊枪先后 起弧，且同步移动，一次焊透，双面成形。解决了铝合金及铝的对接焊缝、T型接焊缝等接头 型式的焊接中HV、K型等坡口型式根部难于熔透的问题，提高了焊接效率，提高了铝及铝合 金焊接接头的质量和焊件的使用寿命。
[0047]需要说明的是术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包 含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括 没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。 在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素 的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
[0048]本发明的说明书中，说明了大量具体细节。然而能够理解的是，本发明的实施例可 以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践。在一些实例中，并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技 术，以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。类似地，应当理解，为了精简本发明公开并帮助理解各 个发明方面中的一个或多个，在上面对本发明的示例性实施例的描述中，本发明的各个特 征有时被一起分组到单个实施例、图、或者对其的描述中。然而，并不应将该公开的方法解 释呈反映如下意图：即所要求保护的本发明要求比在每个权利要求中所明确记载的特征更 多的特征。更确切地说，如权利要求书所反映的那样，发明方面在于少于前面公开的单个实 施例的所有特征。因此，遵循具体实施方式的权利要求书由此明确地并入该具体实施方式， 其中每个权利要求本身都作为本发明的单独实施例。
[0049]以上所描述的装置以及系统实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明 的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是 物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要 选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出 创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
Claims (10)
1. 一种铝及铝合金双枪双面协同焊接方法，其特征在于，包括： 将两个焊枪分别设置在焊接接头的正面和背面，并且所述两个焊枪沿所述焊接接头的 焊缝方向相距预设距离； 所述两个焊枪均采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG焊接方式作业，且所述两个焊枪先后 起弧并同步、协同移动进行焊接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设距离为20毫米〜50毫米。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：后起弧的焊枪在先起弧 的焊枪起弧时，向所述焊接接头区域提前送入保护气。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括： 先熄弧的焊枪在熄弧后继续向所述焊接接头区域送入保护气，直至后熄弧的焊枪熄弧 后，所述先熄弧的焊枪停止续向所述焊接接头区域送入保护气。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个焊枪的焊接规范参数不同。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，先起弧的焊枪的焊接规范参数大于后起弧 的焊枪的焊接规范参数，所述焊接规范参数包括焊接电流。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接接头包括:对接接头、角接接头、 十字接头、T型接头及异型接头。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个焊枪均采用角焊、平焊、横焊或者 向上立焊。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个焊枪采用角焊、平焊、横焊和向上 立焊中任意两个焊接位置进行组合焊接。 _
10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个焊枪中一个焊枪进行仰角焊，另 一个焊枪进行角焊或平焊。
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