CN107515250B - Acoustic microscopic imaging device for tooth body - Google Patents
Acoustic microscopic imaging device for tooth body Download PDFInfo
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- CN107515250B CN107515250B CN201710785358.3A CN201710785358A CN107515250B CN 107515250 B CN107515250 B CN 107515250B CN 201710785358 A CN201710785358 A CN 201710785358A CN 107515250 B CN107515250 B CN 107515250B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/0681—Imaging by acoustic microscopy, e.g. scanning acoustic microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical science and nondestructive testing, and relates to an acoustic microscopic imaging device for a tooth body. The acoustic microscopic imaging device for a tooth body of the present invention comprises: the device comprises an acoustic lens, an acoustic excitation/receiving unit, an acoustic information processing unit, an acoustic scanning mechanism, an acoustic scanning control unit, an acoustic imaging unit and a fixed platform. The invention uses the acoustic scanning mechanism to make the acoustic lens carry out acoustic microscopic scanning on the tooth body, extracts the acoustic wave signal and the scanning position signal in the detected tooth body in real time, is used for 2D and 3D acoustic microscopic imaging display of the tooth body, realizes the acoustic microscopic imaging of the surface of the tooth body and the internal tissue thereof, and the resolution of the acoustic microscopic scanning can reach 10 microns. The test application result shows that the acoustic microscopic imaging device can quickly obtain the tissues such as enamel, dentin, dental pulp, cementum and the like in the tooth and the changed characteristic distribution thereof, and obtains better actual acoustic imaging effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical science and nondestructive testing, and relates to an acoustic microscopic imaging device for a tooth body.
Background
Changes in dental tissue are a major source of dental cavity disease, and often when significant lesions occur in dental tissue, failure of the teeth may result. At present, in clinic, a main doctor adopts a visual tool or an auxiliary Micro-X-ray CT device and the like to check and diagnose the tooth damage or the tooth disease. The main defects are as follows: 1) visual inspection tools, which cannot obtain internal information of the dental tissue, especially information on internal changes or lesions of some early dental tissues is difficult to grasp, so that the optimal dental treatment time may be lost; 2) Micro-X-ray CT devices, which are significantly radiation damaging to the patient, also have difficulty obtaining information on internal changes or lesions of the dental tissue at an early stage. In order to observe the internal tissues of the tooth body, the in vitro tooth sample is mainly selected at present, and an optical observation instrument after mechanical slicing is adopted. The main defects are as follows: 1) only the structure with optical gray difference on the surface of the sample and the change thereof can be observed; 2) no information on internal changes or lesions of the internal dental tissue and the early dental tissue of the dental sample can be obtained; 3) the damage of a tooth body sample can be caused in the mechanical slicing process, so that the actual observation effect is influenced, and the micro damage in the tooth body is difficult to distinguish whether the micro damage exists originally or is generated in the mechanical slicing process; 4) a complicated sample preparation process is required and time is consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device for sound microscopic imaging based on acoustic information from a tooth body.
The technical solution of the present invention is that,
an acoustic microscopic imaging apparatus for a dental body comprising: an acoustic lens, an acoustic excitation/receiving unit, an acoustic information processing unit, an acoustic scanning mechanism, an acoustic scanning control unit, an acoustic imaging unit and a fixed platform (7),
1) acoustic lens
The acoustic lens adopts a point focusing mode, the focus of the acoustic lens is selected between 10 micrometers and 50 micrometers, the frequency of the acoustic lens is selected between 50MHz and 100MHz, and the acoustic lens is arranged on a mounting seat of an acoustic scanning mechanism.
2) Acoustic scanning mechanism
The acoustic scanning mechanism is composed of an x-axis scanning mechanism, a y-axis scanning mechanism, a z-axis scanning mechanism and an A-axis scanning mechanism, the x-axis scanning mechanism, the y-axis scanning mechanism, the z-axis scanning mechanism and the A-axis scanning mechanism are driven by a micro stepping motor, the minimum displacement resolution of each moving axis is in a micron-order range, and the acoustic scanning mechanism (4) is controlled by an acoustic scanning control unit to enable the acoustic lens to perform acoustic scanning.
3) Acoustic excitation/reception unit
The acoustic excitation/receiving unit is composed of an acoustic excitation part and an acoustic receiving part, wherein the acoustic excitation part adopts a high-frequency narrow pulse excitation circuit to generate impact excitation pulses with the time domain width ranging from 10ns to 80ns, the leading edge of the impact excitation pulses is 3ns to 4ns, the peak-peak amplitude value is adjusted from 100V to 200V, the impact excitation pulses excite an acoustic lens to generate high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves, the high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are transmitted to an observed tooth body through a liquid coupling agent to form incident high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves, the incident high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves interact with the observed tooth body to form reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves in the tooth body, the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are received by the acoustic lens and converted into reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signals by the acoustic lens, and the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are received by the acoustic receiving, obtaining a high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signal after amplification; the acoustic receiving part is a high-frequency narrow-pulse circuit, the high-frequency narrow-pulse receiving circuit is composed of an impedance conversion part, an attenuator, a preamplifier and a radio frequency amplifying part, the gain adjusting range of the high-frequency narrow-pulse receiving circuit is selected from 0-60 dB, and the bandwidth of a frequency domain is 200 MHz.
4) Acoustic information processing unit
The reflected high-frequency narrow-pulse ultrasonic signals amplified by the acoustic excitation/receiving unit are processed by an acoustic information processing unit to obtain digital signals for dental tissue acoustic microscopic imaging, the acoustic information processing unit consists of an amplitude limiting protection part, a high-speed acquisition part, a storage part and an I/O interface part, the threshold range of the amplitude limiting protection part is selected between-500 mv to +500mv, -2000mv to +2000mv and-5000 mv to +5000mv, the sampling frequency is selected between 1GHz to 2GHz, the storage capacity is not lower than 1M, a PCI or PCIe I/O interface mode is adopted, and the digital signals processed by the acoustic information processing unit (3) are subjected to dental tissue acoustic microscopic imaging by the acoustic imaging unit.
5) Acoustic imaging unit
The acoustic imaging unit is composed of a computer and a double-screen high-resolution TFT display, wherein the CPU main frequency of the computer is not lower than 1GHz, the memory is not smaller than 1M, and the I/O interface is provided with PCI or PCIe, the pixel resolution of the double-screen high-resolution TFT display is not lower than 1024 x 768 pixels and supports true color display, and the computer reconstructs the reflected high-frequency narrow-pulse ultrasonic signals of the acoustic information processing unit (3) and the position information of the acoustic lens (1) from the acoustic scanning control unit to carry out acoustic microscopic imaging on dental tissues.
The acoustic lens adopts a long focal distance point focusing high-frequency broadband narrow pulse acoustic lens, the diameter of an acoustic beam near a focus is in a micrometer magnitude, the size of the acoustic lens is 10-20mm according to the requirement of dental sound microscopic detection, and the focus is 25-50 micrometers.
The coupling mode of the liquid coupling agent is water film, water column or liquid immersion.
The imaging mode of the acoustic imaging unit selects a plane or section acoustic microscopic imaging mode, and 3D acoustic microscopic imaging analysis is carried out on the detected tooth body.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that,
the invention utilizes the tooth tissue and the change and the acoustic elastic characteristic thereof to provide the acoustic microscopic imaging device for observing the internal tissue and the defect thereof of the tooth body, and the acoustic microscopic imaging device for the tooth body can carry out rapid acoustic microscopic scanning on a tooth body sample to obtain an acoustic image reflecting the surface of the tooth tissue and the internal biological tissue structure and the defect thereof, thereby providing an environment-friendly and harmless visualization means for researching the internal change or the diagnosis of the lesion of the tooth body tissue, being beneficial to timely grasping the information of the internal change or the lesion of some early tooth body tissues and timely formulating the optimal dental disease treatment opportunity; for the separation tooth, can be used for observing the information in aspects such as change or pathological changes of the tooth body surface and the internal biological tissue thereof, and does not have any biological damage to the observed tooth body sample, and can not cause any damage to the tooth body sample, and special tooth body sample preparation is not needed, so that the time is saved, and the preparation is quick and convenient. The invention can be used for quickly and conveniently realizing the acoustic imaging analysis of the surface of the tooth body, the internal tissue of the tooth body, the change of the internal tissue and the defect of the tooth body, and simultaneously provides a quick and environment-friendly visual imaging means for the diagnosis and the examination of clinical tooth body diseases.
The invention provides an acoustic microscopic imaging device for a tooth body based on the elastic response behavior of the tooth body to incident sound waves. The invention can be used for rapid and convenient acoustic microscopic imaging of the surface of the tooth body, the internal tissues of the tooth body and the change of the internal tissues and the defects of the tooth body.
The invention utilizes the interaction of high-resolution pulse sound waves and observed tooth bodies, generates acoustic information which is in mathematical connection with different tissue parts in the tooth bodies, drives the acoustic lens by designing a special acoustic scanning unit, so that the acoustic lens is subjected to grating acoustic scanning on a detected tooth body sample, extracts the acoustic information and the position information of each scanning position point in real time by adopting an information processing method, reconstructs the acoustic information and the corresponding position information received by the acoustic lens, realizes the acoustic microscopic imaging of the surface and the internal tissues of the tooth body, can further perform rapid acoustic microscopic imaging analysis on the surface of the tooth body, the internal tissues of the tooth body and the tissue change of the tooth body or the defect of the tooth body, and provides a rapid environment-friendly acoustic imaging device for clinical research, diagnosis, prevention of dental diseases and the early-stage tissue change of the tooth body, and the like.
The invention uses the acoustic scanning mechanism to make the acoustic lens carry out acoustic microscopic scanning on the tooth body, extracts the acoustic wave signal and the scanning position signal in the detected tooth body in real time, is used for 2D and 3D acoustic microscopic imaging display of the tooth body, realizes the acoustic microscopic imaging of the surface of the tooth body and the internal tissue thereof, and the resolution of the acoustic microscopic scanning can reach 10 microns. The test application result shows that the acoustic microscopic imaging device can quickly obtain the tissues such as enamel, dentin, dental pulp, cementum and the like in the tooth and the changed characteristic distribution thereof, and obtains better actual acoustic imaging effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the dental acoustic microscopy imaging apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the dental body sound microscopic imaging device of the invention.
Detailed Description
1. Acoustic microscopy imaging apparatus for a dental body comprising: an acoustic lens 1, an acoustic excitation/reception unit 2, an acoustic information processing unit 3, an acoustic scanning mechanism 4, an acoustic scanning control unit 5, an acoustic imaging unit 6, a fixed platform 7, as shown in fig. 1,
1) acoustic lens 1
The acoustic lens 1 adopts a point focusing mode, the focus of the acoustic lens is selected between 10 micrometers and 50 micrometers, the frequency of the acoustic lens is selected between 50MHz and 100MHz, and the acoustic lens is arranged on a mounting seat of the acoustic scanning mechanism 4.
2) Acoustic scanning mechanism 4
The acoustic scanning mechanism 4 is composed of an x-axis scanning mechanism, a y-axis scanning mechanism, a z-axis scanning mechanism and an A-axis scanning mechanism, is driven by a micro stepping motor, the minimum displacement resolution of each moving axis is in a micrometer magnitude range, and the acoustic scanning mechanism 4 is controlled by an acoustic scanning control unit 5 to enable the acoustic lens 1 to perform acoustic scanning on the observed tooth body, as shown in fig. 2.
Constitution of acoustic scanning mechanism 4
The acoustic scanning mechanisms 4 are all formed by high-precision micro lead screws and guide rails, and are driven by micro stepping motors, and the minimum displacement resolution of each moving axis is selected in a micron-scale range. The X-axis scanning mechanism is characterized in that a lead screw and a guide rail in the X-axis scanning mechanism are fixed on one side of a base 4B through a mounting seat of the lead screw and the guide rail in the X-axis scanning mechanism, a micro stepping motor 4E is fixed at one end of the lead screw and guide rail mounting seat in the X-axis scanning mechanism, a moving shaft of the micro stepping motor 4E is connected with one end of the lead screw in the X-axis scanning mechanism, and a vertical beam 4F is connected with a sliding block on the lead screw and the; a lead screw and a guide rail in a y-axis scanning mechanism are fixed on a base 4G through a mounting seat thereof, the left end of the base 4G is fixedly connected with the upper end surface of a vertical beam 4F, a micro stepping motor 4H is fixed at the left end of the lead screw and guide rail mounting seat in the y-axis scanning mechanism, the moving shaft of the micro stepping motor 4H is connected with the left end of the lead screw in the y-axis scanning mechanism, the lead screw and the guide rail in the z-axis scanning mechanism are fixed on a base 4I through the mounting seat thereof, the base 4I is connected with a slide block on the lead screw and the guide rail in the y-axis scanning mechanism, a micro stepping motor 4J is fixed at the upper end of the lead screw and guide rail mounting seat in the z-axis scanning mechanism, the moving shaft of the micro stepping motor 4J is connected with the upper end of the lead screw in the z-axis scanning mechanism, a connecting seat 4A is fixedly connected with the slide block on the lead, the adjustment of the angle a is achieved. The lower part of the base 4B is provided with a rectangular groove 4C, the left side of the rectangular groove 4C is provided with a thread passing hole 4D which is the same as the rectangular groove 4C, the fixed platform 7 is a small rectangular container and is fixedly supported above the base 4B, and a fixed support seat 7A for placing a tooth sample is designed in the fixed platform 7.
② the physical connection of the sound micro-imaging device
The acoustic lens 1 is installed on a connecting seat 4A of an acoustic scanning mechanism 4, the acoustic scanning control unit 5 is installed in a concave groove 4C below a base 4B in the acoustic scanning mechanism 4, the acoustic excitation/receiving unit 2 is installed on the left side of a vertical beam 4F, the acoustic information processing unit 3 is installed on a computer main board in the acoustic imaging unit 6, the acoustic imaging unit 6 is located on an operation table, and a detected tooth sample 8 is placed in a fixed support 7A.
Thirdly, the electric appliance of the sound microscopic imaging device is connected
The acoustic lens 1 is electrically connected with an R/T end of an acoustic excitation/receiving unit 2 through a high-frequency connecting line, an output end of the acoustic excitation/receiving unit 2 is connected with an input end of an acoustic information processing unit 3 through the high-frequency connecting line, the acoustic information processing unit 3 is connected with a computer mainboard in an acoustic imaging unit 6 through an I/O bus interface mode, a control end of an acoustic scanning mechanism 4 is connected with a control end of an acoustic scanning control unit 5 through a control line, and an I/O control end of the acoustic scanning control unit 5 is connected with the computer mainboard in the acoustic imaging unit 6 through a bus interface.
Working process of acoustic microscopic imaging device
Adjust the distance between acoustic lens 1 and the detected tooth 8 surface through the z axle, realize through x, y axle that acoustic lens 1 carries out (x, y) autoscan to detected tooth 8, realize the gesture and the angle modulation of acoustic lens 1 through the A axle, under the effect of acoustics excitation/receiving element 2, acoustic lens 1 is real-time to launch/receive the sound wave signal, wherein:
A) the acoustic signal transmitted by the acoustic lens 1 is provided by the acoustic exciting/receiving unit 2, the acoustic lens 1 receives the acoustic signal from the dental body 8 and sends the acoustic signal to the acoustic exciting/receiving unit 2 for preprocessing, the acoustic signal subjected to preprocessing by the acoustic exciting/receiving unit 2 is sent to the acoustic information processing unit 3 for digital processing, and the detection signal subjected to digital conversion by the acoustic information processing unit 3 is sent to the computer memory in the acoustic imaging unit 6 through the I/O interface for acoustic microscopic imaging;
B) the acoustic lens 1 performs acoustic scanning on the observed tooth body through the acoustic scanning mechanism 4 under the control of the acoustic scanning control unit 5, and a bus interface of the scanning position coordinate acoustic scanning control unit 5 is transmitted to a computer memory in the acoustic imaging unit 6 for positioning in acoustic microscopic imaging.
3) Acoustic excitation/reception unit 2
The acoustic excitation/receiving unit 2 is composed of an acoustic excitation part and an acoustic receiving part, wherein the acoustic excitation part adopts a high-frequency narrow pulse excitation circuit to generate impact excitation pulses with the time domain width ranging from 10ns to 80ns, the leading edge of the impact excitation pulses is 3ns to 4ns, the peak-peak amplitude value is adjusted from 100V to 200V, the impact excitation pulses excite the acoustic lens 1 to generate high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves, the high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the observed tooth body through a liquid coupling agent to form incident high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves, the incident high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves interact with the observed tooth body to form reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves in the tooth body, the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are received by the acoustic lens 1, the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are converted into reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signals by the acoustic lens 1 and are received by an acoustic receiving part, obtaining a high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signal after amplification; the acoustic receiving part is a high-frequency narrow-pulse circuit, the high-frequency narrow-pulse receiving circuit is composed of an impedance conversion part, an attenuator, a preamplifier and a radio frequency amplifying part, the gain adjusting range of the high-frequency narrow-pulse receiving circuit is selected from 0-60 dB, and the bandwidth of a frequency domain is 200 MHz.
4) Acoustic information processing unit 3
The reflected high-frequency narrow-pulse ultrasonic signals amplified by the acoustic excitation/receiving unit 2 are processed by an acoustic information processing unit 3 to obtain digital signals for dental tissue acoustic microscopic imaging, the acoustic information processing unit 3 consists of an amplitude limiting protection part, a high-speed acquisition part, a storage part and an I/O interface part, the threshold range of the amplitude limiting protection part is selected between-500 mv to +500mv, -2000mv to +2000mv and-5000 mv to +5000mv, the sampling frequency is selected between 1GHz to 2GHz, the storage capacity is not lower than 1M, a PCI or PCIe I/O interface mode is adopted, and the digital signals processed by the acoustic information processing unit 3 are subjected to dental tissue acoustic microscopic imaging by an acoustic imaging unit 6.
5) Acoustic imaging unit 6
The acoustic imaging unit 6 is composed of a computer and a double-screen high-resolution TFT display, wherein the CPU main frequency of the computer is not lower than 1GHz, the memory is not smaller than 1M, and the I/O interface is provided with PCI or PCIe, the pixel resolution of the double-screen high-resolution TFT display is not lower than 1024 x 768 pixels and supports true color display, and the computer reconstructs the reflected high-frequency narrow-pulse ultrasonic signals of the acoustic information processing unit 3 and the position information of the acoustic lens 1 from the acoustic scanning control unit 5 to carry out acoustic microscopic imaging on dental tissues.
The acoustic lens 1 adopts a long-focal-distance point focusing high-frequency broadband narrow-pulse acoustic lens, the diameter of an acoustic beam near a focal point is in the micrometer order, the size of the acoustic lens 1 is 10-20mm according to the requirement of dental body acoustic microscopic detection, and the focal point is 25-50 micrometers.
The coupling mode of the liquid coupling agent is water film, water column or liquid immersion.
The imaging mode of the acoustic imaging unit 6 selects a plane or section acoustic microscopic imaging mode, and 3D acoustic microscopic imaging analysis is carried out on the detected tooth body 8.
Examples
The method comprises the steps of selecting an x-axis, y-axis, z-axis and A-axis scanning mechanism of a composite material company Limited, adopting a micro-stepping motor and a control unit thereof as an acoustic scanning control unit, selecting a high-frequency ultrasonic unit of the composite material company Limited as an acoustic excitation/receiving unit, selecting 50MHz and 100MHz acoustic lenses, adopting 1GMz and 2GHz data acquisition systems as an acoustic information processing unit, adopting a computer with 1.5GHz main frequency and 512M memory as an acoustic imaging unit host, constructing a dental body acoustic microscopic imaging device according to the invention, selecting 25 micron and 50 micron focus acoustic lenses, adopting plane scanning and section scanning, respectively carrying out series actual acoustic microscopic imaging test analysis and application on actual dental samples from different clinics, and application results show that the enamel inside a tooth body can be rapidly obtained by adopting the constructed dental body acoustic microscopic imaging device, The sound microscopic imaging analysis of the tooth body is well realized by the tissues of dentin, dental pulp, cementum and the like and the changed characteristic distribution thereof.
Claims (5)
1. An acoustic microscopy imaging apparatus for a dental body, comprising: an acoustic lens (1), an acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2), an acoustic information processing unit (3), an acoustic scanning mechanism (4), an acoustic scanning control unit (5), an acoustic imaging unit (6) and a fixed platform (7),
1) acoustic lens (1)
The acoustic lens (1) adopts a point focusing mode, the focus of the acoustic lens is selected between 10 micrometers and 50 micrometers, the frequency of the acoustic lens is selected between 50MHz and 100MHz, and the acoustic lens is arranged on a mounting seat of the acoustic scanning mechanism (4);
2) acoustic scanning mechanism (4)
The acoustic scanning mechanism (4) is composed of an x-axis, a y-axis, a z-axis and an A-axis micro scanning mechanism, is driven by a micro stepping motor, the minimum displacement resolution of each motion axis is in a micron-scale range, and the acoustic scanning mechanism (4) is controlled by an acoustic scanning control unit (5) to enable the acoustic lens (1) to perform acoustic scanning on the observed tooth body;
3) acoustic excitation/reception unit (2)
The acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2) is composed of an acoustic excitation part and an acoustic receiving part, wherein the acoustic excitation part adopts a high-frequency narrow pulse excitation circuit to generate impact excitation pulses with the time domain width ranging from 10ns to 80ns, the leading edge of the impact excitation pulses is 3ns to 4ns, the peak-to-peak amplitude is adjusted from 100V to 200V, the impact excitation pulses excite an acoustic lens (1) to generate high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves, the high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are transmitted to an observed tooth body through a liquid coupling agent to form incident high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves, the incident high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves interact with the observed tooth body to form reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves in the tooth body, the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are received by the acoustic lens (1), the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic waves are converted into reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signals by the acoustic lens (1), and the reflected high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signals, obtaining a high-frequency narrow pulse ultrasonic signal after amplification; the acoustic receiving part is a high-frequency narrow-pulse circuit, the high-frequency narrow-pulse receiving circuit is composed of an impedance conversion part, an attenuator, a preamplifier and a radio frequency amplifying part, the gain adjusting range of the high-frequency narrow-pulse receiving circuit is selected from 0-60 dB, and the frequency domain bandwidth is 200 MHz;
4) sound information processing unit (3)
The reflected high-frequency narrow-pulse ultrasonic signals amplified by the acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2) are processed by the acoustic information processing unit (3) to obtain digital signals for dental tissue acoustic microscopic imaging, the acoustic information processing unit (3) consists of an amplitude limiting protection part, a high-speed acquisition part, a storage part and an I/O interface part, the threshold range of the amplitude limiting protection part is selected between-500 mV to +500mV, -2000mV to +2000mV and-5000 mV to +5000mV, the sampling frequency is selected between 1GHz to 2GHz, the storage capacity is not lower than 1M, a PCI or PCIe I/O interface mode is adopted, and the digital signals processed by the acoustic information processing unit (3) are subjected to dental tissue acoustic microscopic imaging by the acoustic imaging unit (6);
5) acoustic imaging unit (6)
The acoustic imaging unit (6) is composed of a computer and a double-screen high-resolution TFT display, wherein the CPU main frequency of the computer is not lower than 1GHz, the memory is not less than 1M, and the double-screen high-resolution TFT display is provided with a PCI or PCIe I/O interface, the pixel resolution is not lower than 1024 x 768 pixels and supports true color display, and the computer reconstructs a reflected high-frequency narrow-pulse ultrasonic signal of the acoustic information processing unit (3) and position information of an acoustic lens (1) from the acoustic scanning control unit (5) to carry out acoustic microscopic imaging on dental tissues;
the working process of the acoustic microscopic imaging device is as follows: the distance between the acoustic lens (1) and the surface of the detected tooth body (8) is adjusted through the z axis, the acoustic lens (1) automatically scans the detected tooth body (8) through the x axis and the y axis, the posture and the angle of the acoustic lens (1) are adjusted through the A axis, and under the action of the acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2), the acoustic lens (1) transmits/receives sound wave signals in real time, wherein:
A) the acoustic signal transmitted by the acoustic lens (1) is provided by the acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2), the acoustic lens (1) receives the acoustic signal from the tooth body (8) and sends the acoustic signal to the acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2) for preprocessing, the acoustic signal subjected to preprocessing by the acoustic excitation/receiving unit (2) is sent to the acoustic information processing unit (3) for digital processing, and the detection signal subjected to digital conversion by the acoustic information processing unit (3) is sent to the computer memory in the acoustic imaging unit (6) through an I/O interface for acoustic microscopic imaging;
B) the acoustic lens (1) performs acoustic scanning on the observed tooth body under the control of an acoustic scanning control unit (5) through an acoustic scanning mechanism (4), and a bus interface of the scanning position coordinate acoustic scanning control unit (5) is transmitted to a computer memory in an acoustic imaging unit (6) for positioning in acoustic microscopic imaging.
2. The acoustic microscopic imaging device for the dental body according to claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic lens (1) is a long focal distance point focusing high frequency broadband narrow pulse type acoustic lens, the diameter of the sound beam near the focal point is in the micrometer range, and the size of the acoustic lens (1) is selected from 10-20mm and the focal point is 25-50 micrometers according to the requirement of the dental body acoustic microscopic detection.
3. The acoustic microscopy imaging device for the dental body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coupling mode of the liquid coupling agent is water film, water column or liquid immersion.
4. The acoustic excitation/receiving unit of the acoustic microscopic imaging device for the dental body according to claim 1, wherein the imaging mode of the acoustic imaging unit (6) is selected from a plane or a section acoustic microscopic imaging mode, and the 3D acoustic microscopic imaging analysis is performed on the detected dental body (8).
5. The acoustic scanning mechanism (4) for the acoustic microscopic imaging device of the tooth body is characterized in that the posture and the position of the acoustic lens (1) are adjusted by adopting an x, y, z, A and C five-axis micro scanning mechanism for a tooth body sample with a more complex surface shape.
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