CN107515044A - The atmospheric parameter monitoring device and method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband - Google Patents
The atmospheric parameter monitoring device and method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The atmospheric parameter monitoring device and method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of a kind of multiband provided by the invention, device includes big visual field optical telescope system, multiband filters switching and CCD imaging systems, telescope tracking control system and control, data handling system；Big visual field optical telescope system is connected with multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems, telescope tracking control system be arranged in parallel with big visual field optical telescope system, it is arranged in big visual field optical telescope system, big visual field optical telescope system is arranged on control, in data handling system, and control, data handling system are used to controlling big visual field optical telescope system, multiband to filter switching and CCD imaging systems and telescope tracking control system.The apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, and small volume, cost is small, can be with automatic Observation with reference to sun leading subsystem, while measures solar halo intensity, can measure multiple atmospheric parameters simultaneously in addition, is adapted to the Site Selection of ground coronagraph.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the atmospheric parameter monitoring in atmospheric monitoring field, more particularly to the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband
Device and method.
Background technology
Corona is the outermost layer of solar atmosphere, and the charged particle that corona is cast out can reach the earth at tens of hours, this
Work of the high energy charged particles to satellite, radio communication, Aero-Space, high voltage power transmission etc. all have a great impact.Therefore, enter
Row corona observational study can make accurate forecast to disastrous space weather in advance, and damage is reduced so as to carry out precautionary measures
Lose.Corona observation mainly have Space Day crown instrument and ground coronagraph, for ground coronagraph the extinction index of earth atmosphere,
The parameters such as solar halo intensity, integrated water vapor conteut, aerosol, atmospheric scattering intensity have great shadow to the observational study of corona
Ring.So the observational measurement for how carrying out atmospheric parameter selects atmospheric stability, the observatory location of solar halo low intensity for any rule
The corona scope construction of mould is all vital basic work.
For ground atmospheric sounding parameter, the method mainly measured at present has：
1st, radar method, including microwave radar, electromagnetic radar, laser radar etc..Radar method is a kind of active probe
Radar, detected using the scattering to radar such as air molecule present in air, a small amount of SPM, aerosol particle
Atmospheric parameter.Its primary structure has three parts：Radar emission source, echo receiver, analysis processor.Radar method can obtain height
Resolution ratio, high-precision Real-Time Atmospheric supplemental characteristic, but because its structure limits, volume and cost is all higher is poorly suitable for
Coronagraph Site Selection based on inexpensive, portable.
2nd, GPS methods, GPS methods mainly utilize convection current atmosphere delayed impact to caused by gps signal, obtain signal and propagate
Atmospheric refraction amount on path, and according to the correlation theory of meteorology, the refractive index for obtaining air are carried out the steam of inverting air and contained
Amount.GPS method is simple in construction, cost is not high, but it is mainly used for the moisture content of atmospheric sounding, for aerosol, greatly
The parameter detections such as gas delustring, atmospheric scattering, solar halo intensity are limited in one's ability.
3rd, sounding balloon method, sounding balloon is that appropriate hydrogen or helium are filled with balloon, using in aerostatic buoyancy
The high-altitude away from 30~40km of ground is risen to, its various detection instrument carried can be each by air during balloon rises
The key elements such as the temperature of height, humidity, pressure gather and are transferred to ground receiver, while are determined by the angle change of tracking radar
Wind speed at the height of sounding balloon and position, according to these parameters come Inverting Terrestrial Atmospheric Parameters.Sounding balloon method is current
The main Atmospheric Survey method of meteorological department, but it is a kind of disposable detection method, after balloon climb to altitude voluntarily
Explosion, it is impossible to carry out round-the-clock detection.
4th, multiband heliograph, multiband heliograph are to utilize visible ray a to system in the range of near infrared band
The optical filter of row, delustring of the measurement air to direct solar radiation, then inverting atmospheric aerosol, atmosphere vapour, delustring etc. are joined
Number.Its primary structure is：Optical head, filter wheel, photodetector, solar tracking and tracking control unit, processor etc..Its structure
Simple and practical, volume is little, but it can not measure the intensity of solar halo.Addressing for corona telescope we more concerned be
The intensity of solar halo.
Therefore, it is based on technological deficiency of the prior art：Existing atmospheric parameter monitoring device is complicated, volume
Greatly, cost is high, can not measure solar halo intensity simultaneously, and can not measure multiple atmospheric parameters simultaneously.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of atmospheric parameter monitoring of big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband
Device and method, apparatus structure is simple, and small volume, cost is small, can be measured simultaneously with automatic Observation with reference to sun leading subsystem
Solar halo intensity, the atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity can be measured simultaneously in addition, it is very suitable
Close the Site Selection of ground coronagraph.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, bag
Include：Big visual field optical telescope system, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems, telescope tracking control system and control,
Data handling system；
The big visual field optical telescope system is connected with multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems, the prestige
Remote mirror tracking control system be arranged in parallel with the big visual field optical telescope system, is arranged on the big visual field optical telescope
In system, the big visual field optical telescope system is arranged on the control, in data handling system, at the control, data
Reason system be used to controlling the big visual field optical telescope system, multiband filter switching and CCD imaging systems and telescope with
Track control system；
The big visual field optical telescope system includes lens cone for telescope, is successively set in the lens cone for telescope too
The diaphragm of positive light damping plate, imaging len and clear ghost image；The multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems include what is set gradually
Narrow band pass filter, filter wheel, filter wheel controlled motor and CCD, the narrow band pass filter be arranged on the clear ghost image diaphragm it
Afterwards.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, its technical scheme are：
Including：Big visual field optical telescope system, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems, telescope tracking control system and control
System, data handling system；The big visual field optical telescope system connects with multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems
Connect, the telescope tracking control system be arranged in parallel with the big visual field optical telescope system, is arranged on the big visual field
In optical telescope system, the big visual field optical telescope system is arranged on the control, in data handling system, the control
System, data handling system be used for control the big visual field optical telescope system, multiband filter switching and CCD imaging systems and
Telescope tracking control system；The big visual field optical telescope system includes lens cone for telescope, is successively set on described look in the distance
The diaphragm of sun light damping plate, imaging len and clear ghost image in mirror lens barrel；The multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging system bags
The narrow band pass filter set gradually, filter wheel, filter wheel controlled motor and CCD are included, the narrow band pass filter is arranged on described clear
After the diaphragm of ghost image.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, apparatus structure is simple,
Small volume, cost is small, can be with automatic Observation with reference to sun leading subsystem, while measures solar halo intensity, can measure simultaneously in addition
The atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity, it is especially suitable for the Site Selection of ground coronagraph.
Further, the quantity of the narrow band pass filter is 8, respectively including near infrared band optical filter, waterline wave band
Optical filter, 3 red wave band optical filters, orange wave band optical filter, green wave band optical filter and blue wave band optical filter.
Further, shading diaphragm is also included in the big visual field optical telescope system, the shading diaphragm is arranged on
Before the narrow band pass filter, the narrow band pass filter is a piece of, and its coke ratio number is 20, thang-kng diameter 5cm, focal length 100mm.
Further, the telescope tracking control system includes equatorial telescope and sun leading subsystem, the equatorial telescope
It is connected with the sun leading subsystem, the equatorial telescope is connected with the control, data handling system.
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, bag
Include：
Step S1, obtain the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of Current observation address points；
Step S2, according to the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of the Current observation address points, calculate the position of the sun
Confidence ceases, and the positional information of the sun includes elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun；
Step S3, according to the positional information of the sun, adjustment range of telescope to field of view center specified location；
Step S4, obtain solar day face light and solar halo light and pass through multiband optical filtering switching and the figure of CCD imaging systems
Picture, optical filter is changed after the scheduled time, obtain the image of multiple different-wavebands；
Step S5, according to the image of the multiple different-waveband, calculate multiple atmospheric parameters, the multiple air
Parameter includes solar halo intensity, atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content and extinction coefficient.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, its technical scheme are：
Obtain the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of Current observation address points；According to the longitude and latitude number of degrees of the Current observation address points
According to date-time data, calculate the positional information of the sun, the positional information of the sun includes the elevation angle and orientation of the sun
Angle；According to the positional information of the sun, adjustment range of telescope to field of view center specified location；Obtain solar day face light and
Solar halo light changes optical filter, acquisition is multiple not by multiband optical filtering switching and the image of CCD imaging systems after the scheduled time
With the image of wave band；According to the image of the multiple different-waveband, multiple atmospheric parameters, the multiple air ginseng are calculated
Number includes solar halo intensity, atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content and extinction coefficient.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, can measure solar halo simultaneously
Intensity, the atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity can be measured simultaneously in addition, very suitably
The Site Selection of base coronagraph.
Further, the step S3, it is specially：
According to the positional information of the sun, judge whether the position of the sun specifies at the range of telescope center
Position；
If not, deviation is calculated according to the field of view center specified location；
It is adjusted according to the deviation, whether the position for rejudging the sun refers at the range of telescope center
Positioning is put, until the position of the sun is in range of telescope center specified location.
Further, in the step S5, the solar halo intensity is calculated, is specially：
Day face Spot detection is carried out to every piece image and solar halo takes detection, obtains solar halo area intensity and the day of different-waveband
Face center intensity；
According to the ratio of the solar halo area intensity of the different-waveband and day face center intensity, with reference to veiling glare, it is calculated
The solar halo intensity of different-waveband.
Further, in the step S5, the Water Vapor Content is calculated, is specially：
The image obtained by waterline wave band optical filter is obtained, observation is obtained with heart intensity and with the background intensity at the heart；
According to the ratio with heart intensity and with the background intensity at the heart, band heart residual intensity is obtained；
According to the band heart residual intensity, Water Vapor Content is calculated.
Further, in the step S5, the atmospheric aerosol is calculated, is specially：
Obtain on setted wavelength, the direct solar radiation measured from ground；
According to the direct solar radiation, aerosol optical depth is calculated by Bougue laws.
Further, in the step S5, the extinction coefficient is calculated, is specially：
Extinction coefficient is calculated according to formula：
Wherein, σe(r, λ, m) is extinction coefficient, Qe(r, λ, m) is extinction efficiency factor,For big particulate
Spectral distribution function, r are the diameter of big particulate, and λ is the wavelength of light, and m is refractive index.
Based on prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The invention provides the atmospheric parameter monitoring device and method of a kind of big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, device
Simple in construction, small volume, cost is small, can be with automatic Observation with reference to sun leading subsystem, while measures solar halo intensity, in addition can
The atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity are measured simultaneously, are especially suitable for ground coronagraph
Site Selection.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in embodiment or description of the prior art.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of atmospheric parameter prison for the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband that the embodiment of the present invention is provided
Survey the external structure schematic diagram of device；
Fig. 2 shows a kind of atmospheric parameter prison for the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband that the embodiment of the present invention is provided
Survey light path schematic diagram in device；
Fig. 3 shows a kind of atmospheric parameter prison for the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband that the embodiment of the present invention is provided
The flow chart of survey method；
Fig. 4 shows a kind of atmospheric parameter prison for the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband that the embodiment of the present invention is provided
The schematic diagram of survey method.
Embodiment
The embodiment of technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Following examples are only used for
Clearly illustrate technical scheme, therefore be intended only as example, and the protection of the present invention can not be limited with this
Scope.
Embodiment one
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of air ginseng of big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband
Number monitoring device, including：Big visual field optical telescope system 1, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2, telescope tracking
Control system 3 and control, data handling system 4；
Big visual field optical telescope system 1 is connected with multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2, telescope tracking control
System 3 processed be arranged in parallel with big visual field optical telescope system 1, is arranged in big visual field optical telescope system 1, big visual field light
Learn telescopic system 1 and be arranged on control, in data handling system 4, control, data handling system 4 are for controlling big visual field optics
Telescopic system 1, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2 and telescope tracking control system 3；
Big visual field optical telescope system 1 includes lens cone for telescope, the sun dim light being successively set in lens cone for telescope
The diaphragm of piece, imaging len and clear ghost image；Multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2 include the narrow-band-filter set gradually
Piece, filter wheel, filter wheel controlled motor and CCD, narrow band pass filter are arranged on after the diaphragm of clear ghost image.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, its technical scheme are：
Including big visual field optical telescope system 1, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2, the and of telescope tracking control system 3
Control, data handling system 4；Big visual field optical telescope system 1 is connected with multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2, is hoped
Remote mirror tracking control system 3 be arranged in parallel with big visual field optical telescope system 1, is arranged on big visual field optical telescope system 1
On, big visual field optical telescope system 1 is arranged on control, in data handling system 4, and control, data handling system 4 are used to control
Big visual field optical telescope system 1, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2 and telescope tracking control system 3；Regard greatly
Field optics telescopic system 1 includes lens cone for telescope, be successively set on sun light damping plate in lens cone for telescope, imaging len and
The diaphragm of clear ghost image；Multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2 include narrow band pass filter, filter wheel, the filter set gradually
Wheel controlled motor and CCD, narrow band pass filter are arranged on after the diaphragm of clear ghost image.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, apparatus structure is simple,
Small volume, cost is small, can be with automatic Observation with reference to sun leading subsystem, while measures solar halo intensity, can measure simultaneously in addition
The atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity, it is especially suitable for the Site Selection of ground coronagraph.
Wherein, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2 are integrated in together.
Wherein, CCD using the ST-403 models of SBIG companies CCD.
Wherein, the sun light damping plate in the present invention is two panels, and referring to Fig. 2, a piece of is ND4 light damping plates, and a piece of is ND2 dim lights
Piece.Look in the distance a diameter of 18mm of aperture of mirror 66mm, ND4 and ND2 light damping plate.Whole light path is all placed in lens cone for telescope, is reduced miscellaneous
The influence of astigmatism.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the quantity of narrow band pass filter is 8, is filtered respectively including near infrared band
Piece, waterline wave band optical filter, 3 red wave band optical filters, orange wave band optical filter, green wave band optical filter and blue wave band optical filter.
Wherein, the wavelength of near infrared band optical filter is 1050nm, and the wavelength of waterline wave band optical filter is 940nm, and 3 red
The wavelength of wave band optical filter is respectively 890nm, 780nm and 670nm, and the wavelength of orange wave band optical filter is 610nm, green wave band filter
The wavelength of mating plate is 530nm, and the wavelength of blue wave band optical filter is 450nm, and the bandwidth of 8 narrow band pass filters is 10nm.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, shading diaphragm, shading diaphragm are also included in big visual field optical telescope system 1
It is arranged on before narrow band pass filter, narrow band pass filter is a piece of, and its coke ratio number is 20, thang-kng diameter 5cm, focal length 100mm.
According to the visual field of the whole telescopic optical system of design of shading diaphragm probably in 7.8 solar radiuses.This is looked in the distance
Mirror system can measure day face and the brightness of solar halo area simultaneously.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, telescope tracking control system 3 includes equatorial telescope and sun leading subsystem,
Equatorial telescope is connected with sun leading subsystem, and equatorial telescope is connected with control, data handling system 4.
Sun leading subsystem is made up of an opera glass and COMOS cameras.
Wherein, equatorial telescope is using the G8 German equatorial telescopes of LOSMANDY companies, and sun guiding system is by one
Opera glass and QHY-5COMOS the cameras composition of 150mm focal lengths.With reference to G8 equatorial telescopes can realize the automated closed-loop of the sun with
Track.
Wherein, control, data handling system 4 are exactly mainly field control computer, Instrument observation software, data processing and
Preserve software.It is the brain of whole equipment, including CCD collections, the control of filter wheel, sun leading subsystem controls, reduction are big
Gas parameter etc..Here us are carried for convenience typically selects mobile notebook computer.Control is not limited in the present invention, at data
It reason system 4, can be notebook computer, can also be the hardware of the achievable data processing such as processor chips.
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, bag
Include：
Step S1, obtain the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of Current observation address points；
Step S2, according to the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of Current observation address points, the position for calculating the sun is believed
Breath, the positional information of the sun include elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun；
Step S3, according to the positional information of the sun, adjustment range of telescope to field of view center specified location；
Step S4, obtain solar day face light and solar halo light and pass through multiband optical filtering switching and the figure of CCD imaging systems 2
Picture, optical filter is changed after the scheduled time, obtain the image of multiple different-wavebands；
Step S5, according to the image of multiple different-wavebands, multiple atmospheric parameters are calculated, multiple atmospheric parameters include
Solar halo intensity, atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content and extinction coefficient.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, its technical scheme are：
Obtain the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of Current observation address points；According to the longitude and latitude degrees of data of Current observation address points and
Date-time data, calculate the positional information of the sun, and the positional information of the sun includes elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun；According to too
The positional information of sun, adjustment range of telescope to field of view center specified location；Obtain solar day face light and solar halo light passes through
Multiband optical filtering switching and the image of CCD imaging systems 2, change optical filter, obtain the figure of multiple different-wavebands after the scheduled time
Picture；According to the image of multiple different-wavebands, multiple atmospheric parameters are calculated, multiple atmospheric parameters include solar halo intensity, big
Gas aerosol, Water Vapor Content and extinction coefficient.
The atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband provided by the invention, can measure solar halo simultaneously
Intensity, the atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity can be measured simultaneously in addition, very suitably
The Site Selection of base coronagraph.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, step S3, it is specially：
According to the positional information of the sun, judge the position of the sun whether in telescope field of view center specified location；
If not, deviation is calculated according to field of view center specified location；
It is adjusted according to deviation, whether rejudges the position of the sun in telescope field of view center specified location, until
The position of the sun is in telescope field of view center specified location.
Based on above-mentioned measuring method, and above-mentioned measurement apparatus is combined, measure the explanation of process：
First, control, data handling machine can calculate the elevation angle of the sun according to the longitude and latitude and time of observation station
And azimuth, the position of the sun is then fed back to LOSMADYG8 equatorial telescopes, equatorial telescope points to the sun according to positional information.This
Whether Shi Taiyang leadings subsystem can calculate the position of the sun in telescope field of view center, if without if accounting calculate it is specific inclined
Difference feeds back to equatorial telescope, and equatorial telescope can be finely adjusted according to the deviation of feedback, repeats to judge and trim step is until the sun reaches
Specified location.
Then, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems 2 are opened.Its key step allows solar day face light first as follows
Line by one group of light damping plate (ND4) as shown in Fig. 2 index path, then and the radiation from solar halo area directly to enter people together next
Imaging system as individual light damping plate (ND2) process can eliminate the greatest differences in solar halo area and solar photosphere brightness and be unlikely to
Imaging CCD readings are allowed to overflow, so as to improve the reliability in day face and solar halo area while measurement of comparison.
Then, being imaged after imaging len and optical filter on CCD, computer can preserve image in real time, I
Using fits forms image.An optical filter can be changed within every 10 seconds, a wheel observation needs to switch 8 optical filters.One
After wheel has been observed, sun leading subsystem real-time calculation position deviation and can feed back equatorial telescope and be finely adjusted, thus can be with
Form the automatic observation system of a closed loop.Whole automatic Observation image-forming step can see in the flow chart of figure 4.
Finally, after a wheel automatic Observation imaging has been carried out, the fits format-patterns of 8 width figure different-wavebands will be obtained.For
The measurement of automation is realized, the data processing software that a wheel will be triggered in control, data handling system 4 has often been observed, has realized same
When measure atmospheric parameter purpose.
Specific implementation steps are as follows：
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, solar halo intensity is calculated, is specially：
Day face Spot detection is carried out to every piece image and solar halo takes detection, obtains solar halo area intensity and the day of different-waveband
Face center intensity；
According to the ratio of the solar halo area intensity of different-waveband and day face center intensity, with reference to veiling glare, difference is calculated
The solar halo intensity of wave band.
Wherein, the ratio of the solar halo area intensity of different-waveband and day face center intensity subtracts veiling glare, so as to calculate difference
The solar halo intensity of wave band, veiling glare fits in largely being surveyed in early stage to be come, the specific meter of the solar halo intensity of each wave band
It is as follows to calculate formula：
Wherein, IsFor the intensity of day heart, IHFor the intensity in solar halo area, NσFor instrument veiling glare, TxFor obscuration coefficient.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, Water Vapor Content is calculated, is specially：
The image obtained by waterline wave band optical filter is obtained, observation is obtained with heart intensity and with the background intensity at the heart；
According to the ratio with heart intensity and with the background intensity at the heart, band heart residual intensity is obtained；
According to band heart residual intensity, Water Vapor Content is calculated.
Wherein, band heart background intensity is simulated by the way that wave band length is the spectral intensity at 890nm.
There is numerous absorption bands in optical region steam for atmosphere vapour, the absorption band that optimum is used to measure should
This is the absorption band near 935nm, and what the present invention selected is 940nm waterline.It observes R values (the band heart residual intensity of measurement)
Generally conformed to the relation of total precipitable water：
Wherein, W is Water Vapor Content, R (namely observing the value that can be drawn) be with heart intensity and with the heart at
The ratio between background intensity, the present invention selection 890nm place spectral intensity come simulate band heart background intensity, so can use waterline with
The day heart intensity of 890 wave bands calculates Water Vapor Content.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, atmospheric aerosol is calculated, is specially：
Obtain on setted wavelength, the direct solar radiation measured from ground；
According to direct solar radiation, aerosol optical depth is calculated by Bougue laws.
The direct solar radiation that ground measures, on given wavelength, it is thick that aerosol optical is calculated according to Bougue laws
Degree such as once formula：
Wherein, R is the solar distance factor (R=r/r for measuring the momentm), m is air quality number, and τ is that the total gas of air is molten
Glue perpendicular optical thickness, V0For scaling constant, V is measurement amount.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, extinction coefficient is calculated, is specially：
Extinction coefficient refers to that direct solar radiation passes through the weakening degree being subject to during air, and its extinction coefficient can be by following public affairs
Formula calculates：
Wherein, σe(r, λ, m) is extinction coefficient, Qe(r, λ, m) is extinction efficiency factor,For big particulate
Spectral distribution function, r are the diameter of big particulate, and λ is the wavelength of light, and m is refractive index.
Based on prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The invention provides the atmospheric parameter monitoring device and method of a kind of big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, device
Simple in construction, small volume, cost is small, can be with automatic Observation with reference to sun leading subsystem, while measures solar halo intensity, in addition can
The atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content, delustring, solar halo intensity are measured simultaneously, are especially suitable for ground coronagraph
Site Selection.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme, it all should cover among the claim of the present invention and the scope of specification.
Claims (10)
1. the atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, it is characterised in that including：Big visual field optics is hoped
Remote mirror system, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems, telescope tracking control system and control, data handling system；
The big visual field optical telescope system is connected with multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems, the telescope
Tracking control system be arranged in parallel with the big visual field optical telescope system, is arranged on the big visual field optical telescope system
On, the big visual field optical telescope system is arranged on the control, in data handling system, the control, data processing system
Unite for controlling the big visual field optical telescope system, multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems and telescope tracking control
System processed；
The big visual field optical telescope system includes lens cone for telescope, and the sun being successively set in the lens cone for telescope subtracts
The diaphragm of mating plate, imaging len and clear ghost image；The multiband optical filtering switching and CCD imaging systems include the arrowband set gradually
Optical filter, filter wheel, filter wheel controlled motor and CCD, the narrow band pass filter are arranged on after the diaphragm of the clear ghost image.
2. the atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 1, its feature exist
In,
The quantity of the narrow band pass filter is 8, respectively including near infrared band optical filter, waterline wave band optical filter, 3 red ripples
Section optical filter, orange wave band optical filter, green wave band optical filter and blue wave band optical filter.
3. the atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 1, its feature exist
In,
Also include shading diaphragm in the big visual field optical telescope system, the shading diaphragm is arranged on the narrow band pass filter
Before, the narrow band pass filter is a piece of that its coke ratio number is 20, thang-kng diameter 5cm, focal length 100mm.
4. the atmospheric parameter monitoring device of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 1, its feature exist
In,
The telescope tracking control system includes equatorial telescope and sun leading subsystem, the equatorial telescope and the sun leading
Subsystem is connected, and the equatorial telescope is connected with the control, data handling system.
5. the atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband, it is characterised in that including：
Step S1, obtain the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of Current observation address points；
Step S2, according to the longitude and latitude degrees of data and date-time data of the Current observation address points, the position for calculating the sun is believed
Breath, the positional information of the sun include elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun；
Step S3, according to the positional information of the sun, adjustment range of telescope to field of view center specified location；
Step S4, acquisition solar day face light and solar halo light are switched by multiband optical filtering and the image of CCD imaging systems, in advance
Optical filter is changed after fixing time, obtains the image of multiple different-wavebands；
Step S5, according to the image of the multiple different-waveband, calculate multiple atmospheric parameters, the multiple atmospheric parameter
Including solar halo intensity, atmospheric aerosol, Water Vapor Content and extinction coefficient.
6. the atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 5, its feature exist
In,
The step S3, it is specially：
According to the positional information of the sun, judge the position of the sun whether in range of telescope center specific bit
Put；
If not, deviation is calculated according to the field of view center specified location；
It is adjusted according to the deviation, whether rejudges the position of the sun in range of telescope center specific bit
Put, until the position of the sun is in range of telescope center specified location.
7. the atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 5, its feature exist
In,
In the step S5, the solar halo intensity is calculated, is specially：
Day face Spot detection is carried out to every piece image and solar halo takes detection, is obtained in solar halo area intensity and the day face of different-waveband
Heart intensity；
According to the ratio of the solar halo area intensity of the different-waveband and day face center intensity, with reference to veiling glare, difference is calculated
The solar halo intensity of wave band.
8. the atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 5, its feature exist
In,
In the step S5, the Water Vapor Content is calculated, is specially：
The image obtained by waterline wave band optical filter is obtained, observation is obtained with heart intensity and with the background intensity at the heart；
According to the ratio with heart intensity and with the background intensity at the heart, band heart residual intensity is obtained；
According to the band heart residual intensity, Water Vapor Content is calculated.
9. the atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 5, its feature exist
In,
In the step S5, the atmospheric aerosol is calculated, is specially：
Obtain on setted wavelength, the direct solar radiation measured from ground；
According to the direct solar radiation, aerosol optical depth is calculated by Bougue laws.
10. the atmospheric parameter monitoring method of the big visual field sky imaging technique of multiband according to claim 5, its feature exist
In,
In the step S5, the extinction coefficient is calculated, is specially：
Extinction coefficient is calculated according to formula：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>&pi;r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
Wherein, σe(r, λ, m) is extinction coefficient, Qe(r, λ, m) is extinction efficiency factor,For big particulate Spectral structure
Function, r are the diameter of big particulate, and λ is the wavelength of light, and m is refractive index.
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