CN107514872A - 从lng储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺与系统 - Google Patents

从lng储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺与系统 Download PDF

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CN107514872A
CN107514872A CN201710892375.7A CN201710892375A CN107514872A CN 107514872 A CN107514872 A CN 107514872A CN 201710892375 A CN201710892375 A CN 201710892375A CN 107514872 A CN107514872 A CN 107514872A
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heat exchanger
storage tank
lng storage
pipeline
flash steam
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CN107514872B (zh
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丁胜军
闫海瑞
侯国建
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Zhongkerio Energy Technology Wuxi Co ltd
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In Keruiao Energy Polytron Technologies Inc
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Abstract

本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺与系统，其中，从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统包括BOG压缩机、二级换热器、低温洗涤塔、甲烷精馏塔，甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第四管路、第五管路，第四管路上设置有第一节流阀，第五管路与低温洗涤塔的顶部连接。本发明的工艺包括对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压；使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温；对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相；用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相；使第二液相节流成LNG。本发明的技术方案结构简单、效率较高，可以很好的处理LNG储罐闪蒸汽。

Description

从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺与系统
技术领域
本发明涉及化工尾气的回收利用，特别是涉及一种从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺与系统。
背景技术
氦气因其独特的性质，在国防军工和科学研究中有着重要的作用，因其-268.9℃的低沸点，液氦可以用于低温超导及相关的低温制冷系统中，另外氦气可以在医疗领域的核磁共振成像设备中用作超导电磁体冷却，在核电装置用作传热介质，在光纤生产中用作冷却和惰性保护气，以及在真空检漏上用作检漏介质。
我国氦气消费量大，而且氦气产量低，基本都是从外国进口，氦气主要存在于天然气中，目前从天然气中提氦是氦气的主要来源。
低温LNG储罐内的一些蒸发气体以及因液下泵机械热能产生的气体，简称BOG闪蒸汽(Boil Off Gas)，这些BOG低温气体造成储罐气相空间压力升高，威胁储罐的安全，通常工业生产中将这些LNG储罐闪蒸汽排空，造成极大浪费。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种效率较高的，可以很好的利用LNG储罐闪蒸汽的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺与系统。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，包括：
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压的BOG压缩机；
用于使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温的二级换热器，与所述BOG压缩机通过第一管路连接；
用于对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理的，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相的低温洗涤塔，与所述二级换热器通过第二管路连接；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使所述第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相的甲烷精馏塔，与所述低温洗涤塔通过第三管路连接；
甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第四管路、第五管路，所述第四管路上设置有第一节流阀，以使所述第四管路中的第二液相节流成LNG，所述第五管路与低温洗涤塔的顶部连接，以使所述第五管路中的第二液相进入低温洗涤塔。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，还包括设置于BOG压缩机之前的BOG换热器，用于对压缩之前的LNG储罐闪蒸汽复温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，第二管路依次经过甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器、二级换热器、三级换热器，第二管路中冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽在塔底再沸器、二级换热器、三级换热器中冷却降温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，低温洗涤塔的塔顶连接氦气输出管，氦气输出管依次经过三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器，氦气输出管内的氦气在三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器中复温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，甲烷精馏塔的塔顶连接富氮尾气输出管，富氮尾气输出管依次经过三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器，富氮尾气输出管内的富氮尾气在三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器中复温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，所述第五管路经过LNG泵、二级换热器、三级换热器，第五管路内的第二液相在二级换热器、三级换热器中冷却降温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，还包括用于提供冷量的混合冷剂制冷系统，所述混合冷剂循环制冷系统沿混合冷剂流动方向依次包括用于对混合冷剂压缩的混合冷剂压缩机、气液分离器，所述气液分离器的液相混合冷剂出口通过第六管路连通第二节流阀，所述第二节流阀通过第一回流管路连接第一混合冷剂压缩机的入口，所述气液分离器的气相混合冷剂出口通过第七管路连通第三节流阀，第三节流阀通过第二回流管路与第一回流管路连通，以使被所述第二节流阀、第三节流阀分别节流降温后的液相混合冷剂、气相混合冷剂汇合后回流至混合冷剂压缩机，所述混合冷剂在混合冷剂压缩机与气液分离器之间循环，第六管路经过一级换热器，第六管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器中冷却降温，第七管路依次经过一级换热器、二级换热器，第七管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器、二级换热器中冷却，第一回流管路经过一级换热器，第一回流管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器中提供冷量，第二回流管路经过二级换热器，第二回流管路中的混合冷剂在二级换热器中提供冷量。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，还包括用于提供冷量的氮气制冷系统，所述氮气制冷系统包括氮气压缩机以及第四节流阀，氮气压缩机通过第八管路向第四节流阀输送被压缩的氮气，氮气被第四节流阀节流降温后通过第九管路输至氮气压缩机，通过第八管路、第九管路，氮气在氮气压缩机与第四节流阀之间循环，第八管路依次经过第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器，第八管路中的氮气在第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器冷却，第九管路依次经过精馏塔塔顶换热器、第三换热器、第二换热器、第一换热器，第九管路中的氮气在精馏塔塔顶换热器、第三换热器、第二换热器、第一换热器中提供冷量。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，包括：
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压的BOG压缩机；
用于使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温的二级换热器，与所述BOG压缩机通过管路连接；
用于对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理的，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第四液相的分离器，与所述二级换热器通过管路连接；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的液相精馏，使所述第四液相分离出富氮尾气和第五液相的甲烷精馏塔，与所述分离器通过管路连接；
甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第十管路，所述第十管路上设置有节流阀，以使所述第十管路中的第五液相节流成LNG。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺，包括：
对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压；
使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温；
对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使所述第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相；
使所述第二液相节流成LNG。
本发明的技术方案结构简单、效率较高，可以很好的处理LNG储罐闪蒸汽。
附图说明
图1为本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统的实施例一的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统的实施例二的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
如图1所示，本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，包括：
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压的BOG压缩机B3；
用于使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温的二级换热器E2，与BOG压缩机通过第一管路连接；
用于对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理的，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相的低温洗涤塔T1，与二级换热器通过第二管路连接；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相的甲烷精馏塔T2，与低温洗涤塔通过第三管路连接；
甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第四管路、第五管路，第四管路上设置有第一节流阀，以使第四管路中的第二液相节流成LNG，第五管路与低温洗涤塔的顶部连接，以使第五管路中的第二液相进入低温洗涤塔。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，还包括设置于BOG压缩机之前的BOG换热器E4，用于对压缩之前的LNG储罐闪蒸汽复温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，第二管路依次经过甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器E5、二级换热器E2、三级换热器E3，第二管路中冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽在塔底再沸器E5、二级换热器、三级换热器中冷却降温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，低温洗涤塔的塔顶连接氦气输出管，氦气输出管依次经过三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器E1，氦气输出管内的氦气在三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器中复温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，甲烷精馏塔的塔顶连接富氮尾气输出管，富氮尾气输出管依次经过三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器，富氮尾气输出管内的富氮尾气在三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器中复温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，第五管路经过LNG泵P1、二级换热器、三级换热器，第五管路内的第二液相在二级换热器、三级换热器中冷却降温。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，还包括用于提供冷量的混合冷剂制冷系统，混合冷剂循环制冷系统沿混合冷剂流动方向依次包括用于对混合冷剂压缩的混合冷剂压缩机B1、气液分离器V1，气液分离器的液相混合冷剂出口通过第六管路连通第二节流阀，第二节流阀通过第一回流管路连接第一混合冷剂压缩机的入口，气液分离器的气相混合冷剂出口通过第七管路连通第三节流阀，第三节流阀通过第二回流管路与第一回流管路连通，以使被第二节流阀、第三节流阀分别节流降温后的液相混合冷剂、气相混合冷剂汇合后回流至混合冷剂压缩机，混合冷剂在混合冷剂压缩机与气液分离器之间循环，第六管路经过一级换热器，第六管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器中冷却降温，第七管路依次经过一级换热器、二级换热器，第七管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器、二级换热器中冷却，第一回流管路经过一级换热器，第一回流管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器中提供冷量，第二回流管路经过二级换热器，第二回流管路中的混合冷剂在二级换热器中提供冷量。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，还包括用于提供冷量的氮气制冷系统，氮气制冷系统包括氮气压缩机B2以及第四节流阀，氮气压缩机通过第八管路向第四节流阀输送被压缩的氮气，氮气被第四节流阀节流降温后通过第九管路输至氮气压缩机，通过第八管路、第九管路，氮气在氮气压缩机与第四节流阀之间循环，第八管路依次经过第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器，第八管路中的氮气在第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器冷却，第九管路依次经过精馏塔塔顶换热器、第三换热器、第二换热器、第一换热器，第九管路中的氮气在精馏塔塔顶换热器、第三换热器、第二换热器、第一换热器中提供冷量。
实施例二
结合图2所示，本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，包括：
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压的BOG压缩机B3；
用于使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温的二级换热器E2，与BOG压缩机通过管路连接；
用于对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理的，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第四液相的分离器V3，与二级换热器通过管路连接；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的液相精馏，使第四液相分离出富氮尾气和第五液相的甲烷精馏塔T2，与分离器通过管路连接；
甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第十管路，第十管路上设置有节流阀，以使第十管路中的第五液相节流成LNG。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺，包括：
对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压；
使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温；
对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相；
使第二液相节流成LNG。
本发明的技术方案结构简单、效率较高，可以很好的处理LNG储罐闪蒸汽。
本发明的技术方案的优点是：本系统的工艺流程稳定，对氦气的回收率大于95％，得到氦气纯度99％以上，并且甲烷的回收率大于99％，产品收率大，纯度高，成功从BOG中回收氦气，提高了产品的经济价值。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，混合冷剂组分为氮气、甲烷、乙烯、丙烷和异戊烷。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，混合冷剂压缩机、氮气压缩机和BOG压缩机可以为往复式压缩机、离心式压缩机、螺杆压缩机等形式的压缩机。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，低温洗涤塔可以为筛板塔、填料塔、板式塔。
本发明的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其中，全部换热器均可以为板翅式换热器和绕管式换热器。
LNG是液化天然气(liquefied natural gas)的缩写。
利用本发明的实施例一的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统进行LNG储罐闪蒸汽处理的实施例：
来自界区的BOG先经过换热器复温，然后经BOG压缩机增压后，进入冷箱，经冷凝降温后，进入低温洗涤塔，塔顶获得氦气产品，塔底液相产品进入甲烷精馏塔，在甲烷精馏塔塔底获得LNG产品，塔顶获得富氮气产品，本系统由混合冷剂制冷和氮气节流制冷系统提供冷量。
来自于界区的BOG经过BOG换热器E4复温后，进入BOG压缩机B3，增压后与BOG换热器换热进二级换热器E2、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器E5、二级换热器E2、三级换热器E3、最后进入低温洗涤塔T1塔底，塔顶获得氦气经三级换热器E3、二级换热器E2、一级换热器E1复温后获得氦气产品，低温洗涤塔塔底的液相物料进入甲烷精馏塔T2。在甲烷精馏塔塔顶获得富氮尾气经三级换热器E3、二级换热器E2、一级换热器E1复温后后出系统。在甲烷精馏塔塔底获得的液相物料分为两股，一股经二级换热器E2降温后经过节流阀节流后获得LNG产品，另外一股经LNG泵P1增压后进入二级换热器E2和三级换热器E3降温后，喷入低温洗涤塔的顶部。氮气进入氮气压缩机B2，增压后进入一级换热器E1、二级换热器E2、三级换热器E3、经节流阀节流降温后进入甲烷精馏塔塔顶换热器E6，然后经三级换热器E3、二级换热器E2、一级换热器E1复温后再次进入氮气BOG压缩机。
混合冷剂进入混合冷剂压缩机B1经气液分离器V1分离后，液相进入一级换热器E1经节流阀节流进入一级换热器，气相进入一级换热器E1、二级换热器E2经节流阀节流后，返回二级换热器E2，与节流后的冷剂汇合后返回一级换热器E1，为换热器提供冷量后返回压缩机入口，完成冷剂系统的循环过程。
利用本发明的实施例二的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统进行LNG储罐闪蒸汽处理的实施例：
与实施例一的工作流程的区别在于：原料气出三级换热器时，进入分离器V3，气相经换热器复温后获得氦气产品，液相进入甲烷精馏塔，并且甲烷精馏塔塔底物料全部进入二级换热器E2，经节流阀节流后获得LNG产品，省去了LNG泵和低温洗涤塔的相关工作。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，包括：
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压的BOG压缩机；
用于使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温的二级换热器，与所述BOG压缩机通过第一管路连接；
用于对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理的，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相的低温洗涤塔，与所述二级换热器通过第二管路连接；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使所述第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相的甲烷精馏塔，与所述低温洗涤塔通过第三管路连接；
甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第四管路、第五管路，所述第四管路上设置有第一节流阀，以使所述第四管路中的第二液相节流成LNG，所述第五管路与低温洗涤塔的顶部连接，以使所述第五管路中的第二液相进入低温洗涤塔。
2.如权利要求1所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，还包括设置于BOG压缩机之前的BOG换热器，用于对压缩之前的LNG储罐闪蒸汽复温。
3.如权利要求2所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，第二管路依次经过甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器、二级换热器、三级换热器，第二管路中冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽在塔底再沸器、二级换热器、三级换热器中冷却降温。
4.如权利要求3所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，低温洗涤塔的塔顶连接氦气输出管，氦气输出管依次经过三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器，氦气输出管内的氦气在三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器中复温。
5.如权利要求4所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，甲烷精馏塔的塔顶连接富氮尾气输出管，富氮尾气输出管依次经过三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器，富氮尾气输出管内的富氮尾气在三级换热器、二级换热器、一级换热器中复温。
6.如权利要求5所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，所述第五管路经过LNG泵、二级换热器、三级换热器，第五管路内的第二液相在二级换热器、三级换热器中冷却降温。
7.如权利要求6所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，还包括用于提供冷量的混合冷剂制冷系统，所述混合冷剂循环制冷系统沿混合冷剂流动方向依次包括用于对混合冷剂压缩的混合冷剂压缩机、气液分离器，所述气液分离器的液相混合冷剂出口通过第六管路连通第二节流阀，所述第二节流阀通过第一回流管路连接第一混合冷剂压缩机的入口，所述气液分离器的气相混合冷剂出口通过第七管路连通第三节流阀，第三节流阀通过第二回流管路与第一回流管路连通，以使被所述第二节流阀、第三节流阀分别节流降温后的液相混合冷剂、气相混合冷剂汇合后回流至混合冷剂压缩机，所述混合冷剂在混合冷剂压缩机与气液分离器之间循环，第六管路经过一级换热器，第六管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器中冷却降温，第七管路依次经过一级换热器、二级换热器，第七管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器、二级换热器中冷却，第一回流管路经过一级换热器，第一回流管路中的混合冷剂在一级换热器中提供冷量，第二回流管路经过二级换热器，第二回流管路中的混合冷剂在二级换热器中提供冷量。
8.如权利要求7所述的从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，还包括用于提供冷量的氮气制冷系统，所述氮气制冷系统包括氮气压缩机以及第四节流阀，氮气压缩机通过第八管路向第四节流阀输送被压缩的氮气，氮气被第四节流阀节流降温后通过第九管路输至氮气压缩机，通过第八管路、第九管路，氮气在氮气压缩机与第四节流阀之间循环，第八管路依次经过第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器，第八管路中的氮气在第一换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器冷却，第九管路依次经过精馏塔塔顶换热器、第三换热器、第二换热器、第一换热器，第九管路中的氮气在精馏塔塔顶换热器、第三换热器、第二换热器、第一换热器中提供冷量。
9.一种从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的系统，其特征在于，包括：
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压的BOG压缩机；
用于使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温的二级换热器，与所述BOG压缩机通过管路连接；
用于对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理的，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第四液相的分离器，与所述二级换热器通过管路连接；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的液相精馏，使所述第四液相分离出富氮尾气和第五液相的甲烷精馏塔，与所述分离器通过管路连接；
甲烷精馏塔的塔底连接第十管路，所述第十管路上设置有节流阀，以使所述第十管路中的第五液相节流成LNG。
10.一种从LNG储罐闪蒸汽中回收氦气的工艺，其特征在于，包括：
对LNG储罐闪蒸汽压缩处理，使LNG储罐闪蒸汽增压；
使压缩后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽冷却降温；
对冷却后的LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离处理，使对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出氦气和第一液相；
用于对LNG储罐闪蒸汽分离出的第一液相精馏，使所述第一液相分离出富氮尾气和第二液相；
使所述第二液相节流成LNG。
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