CN107514871A - 单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法 - Google Patents

单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN107514871A
CN107514871A CN201610440186.1A CN201610440186A CN107514871A CN 107514871 A CN107514871 A CN 107514871A CN 201610440186 A CN201610440186 A CN 201610440186A CN 107514871 A CN107514871 A CN 107514871A
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compressor
cryogen
ice chest
sections
knockout drum
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李广华
盛在行
赵百仁
彭勃
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Engineering Inc
Sinopec Engineering Group Co Ltd
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Sinopec Engineering Inc
Sinopec Engineering Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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    • F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0295—Shifting of the compression load between different cooling stages within a refrigerant cycle or within a cascade refrigeration system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法。该系统包括压缩机、第一冷箱、第二冷箱、第三冷箱、第一水冷器、第二水冷器、重冷剂分离罐、轻冷剂分离罐。压缩机包括压缩机一段、压缩机二段、压缩机三段和压缩机四段。压缩机一段、压缩机二段、压缩机三段依次串联，压缩机三段出口连接第一水冷器后连接重冷剂分离罐。重冷剂分离罐底部管线送入第一冷箱，并从第一冷箱返回压缩机三段前。重冷剂分离罐顶部依次连接压缩机四段、第二水冷器和轻冷剂分离罐。轻冷剂分离罐顶部管线送入第三冷箱，并从第三冷箱返回压缩机一段。轻冷剂分离罐底部管线送入第二冷箱，并从第二冷箱返回压缩机二段前。

Description

单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及天然气液化领域，特别涉及一种单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法。
背景技术
天然气作为一种环境友好的燃料，是世界上消耗增长最快的能源之一。预计从2008年至2035年天然气消费可以以年均1.6％的速度增长。天然气液化厂将天然气降温常压下至-162℃，形成液化天然气。液化天然气的体积较气体形态减少将近600倍，便于长途运输与贸易。天然气液化厂需要消耗大量的能量与投资，天然气液化领域既是能量密集型又是投资密集型行业。面临着日益增长的能耗成本，如何降低装置能耗是世界液化天然气领域厂商面临的首要问题。
单循环混合冷剂工艺(singular mixed refrigeration process,SMRP)采用一台制冷压缩机，压缩混合冷剂提供冷量，在冷箱或绕管式换热器中实现对天然气的预冷、冷凝和过冷过程，同时混合冷剂压力降低、温度上升后返回制冷压缩机。由于仅仅使用一台制冷压缩机，整个流程紧凑、投资少，在中小型液化天然气厂中有着广泛的应用。
但目前SMRP工艺的缺点是，为了简化流程，造成混合冷剂换热流程不合理，特别是轻组分过热度较高，造成压缩机能耗较高。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中出现的问题，本发明提供了一种单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法。混合冷剂在不同压力级位下闪蒸，提供不同级位的冷量，使用后的混合冷剂在保持合理过热度的情况下，以不同压力级位返回压缩机相应位置，实现降低能耗的目的。
本发明的一方面是提供一种单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统，所述系统包括：
压缩机、第一冷箱、第二冷箱、第三冷箱、第一水冷器、第二水冷器、重冷剂分离罐、轻冷剂分离罐；
其中所述压缩机包括压缩机一段、压缩机二段、压缩机三段和压缩机四段；
所述压缩机一段、压缩机二段、压缩机三段依次串联，所述压缩机三段出口连接所述第一水冷器后连接所述重冷剂分离罐；
所述重冷剂分离罐底部管线送入所述第一冷箱，并从所述第一冷箱返回所述压缩机三段前，所述重冷剂分离罐顶部依次连接所述压缩机四段、所述第二水冷器和所述轻冷剂分离罐；
所述轻冷剂分离罐顶部管线送入所述第三冷箱，并从所述第三冷箱返回所述压缩机一段，所述轻冷剂分离罐底部管线送入所述第二冷箱，并从所述第二冷箱返回所述压缩机二段前。
优选地，在所述第一冷箱与所述压缩机三段之间设置有第一J-T阀(焦耳-汤姆逊节流膨胀阀)，在所述第二冷箱与所述压缩机二段之间设置有第二J-T阀，在所述第三冷箱与所述压缩机一段之间设置有第三J-T阀。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化方法，所述方法包括：
混合冷剂经压缩机压缩后分离出轻冷剂、中冷剂和重冷剂，所述轻冷剂、中冷剂和重冷剂在不同冷箱位置闪蒸，为天然气液化提供不同级位的冷量。
优选地，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：混合冷剂经压缩机一段、压缩机二段和压缩机三段压缩，从所述压缩机三段出来后经第一水冷器冷却，在重冷剂分离罐中分离出液相重冷剂去第一冷箱；所述重冷剂经所述第一冷箱冷却，经闪蒸为系统提供最高温度级位的冷量，进入所述压缩机三段前；
步骤2：所述重冷剂分离罐分离的气相继续经压缩机四段压缩、经第二水冷器冷却，在轻冷剂分离罐中分离出液相中冷剂去第二冷箱，所述中冷剂经所述第二冷箱冷却，经闪蒸为系统提供中间温度级位的冷量，进入所述压缩机二段前；
步骤3：所述轻冷剂分离罐分离的气相轻冷剂去第三冷箱，所述轻冷剂经所述第三冷箱冷却，经闪蒸为系统提供最低温度级位的冷量，进入所述压缩机一段。
优选地，所述混合冷剂包括氮气、氦气、甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、正丁烷、异丁烷、异戊烷中的一种或多种。
优选地，通过J-T阀进行闪蒸。
本发明针对液化天然气领域中常规单循环混合冷剂工艺SMRP的缺点，提出了一种新的单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法。将混合冷剂分为重冷剂、中冷剂和轻冷剂。重冷剂在压缩段间以液相的形式分离出来，中冷剂和轻冷剂在压缩机最后一段分别以气相和液相的形式分离出来。重冷剂、中冷剂和轻冷剂分别进入冷箱的不同流道。重冷剂、中冷剂和轻冷剂在冷箱中节流闪蒸，释放出冷量，对天然气进行预冷、冷凝和过冷过程。最后重冷剂、中冷剂和轻冷剂释放出冷量后，从冷箱的不同部位抽出，进入压缩机的不同段进行压缩。与传统的SMRP相比，新的SMMRP工艺可以降低能耗5-10％。本发明能够实现对甲烷过冷至-162℃以下。
附图说明
图1是根据示例性实施例的单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统示意图。
图2是根据现有技术的天然气液化系统示意图。
附图标记说明：
A1：第一水冷器；A2：第二水冷器；B1：第一冷箱；B2：第二冷箱；B3：第三冷箱；C1：混合冷剂压缩机一段；C2：混合冷剂压缩机二段；C3：混合冷剂压缩机三段；C4：混合冷剂压缩机四段；D1：重冷剂J-T阀，D2：中冷剂J-T阀，D3：轻冷剂J-T阀；S1：重冷剂分离罐，S2：轻冷剂分离罐；
A：水冷器，B：冷箱，C：混合冷剂压缩机，D：J-T阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合示例性实施例，进一步说明本发明。
示例性实施例
如图1所示，根据示例性实施例的单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统包括：压缩机、第一冷箱B1、第二冷箱B2、第三冷箱B3、第一水冷器A1、第二水冷器A2、重冷剂分离罐S1、轻冷剂分离罐S2。压缩机包括：压缩机一段C1、压缩机二段C2、压缩机三段C3和压缩机四段C4。
压缩机一段C1、压缩机二段C2、压缩机三段C3依次串联。压缩机三段C3出口连接第一水冷器A1后连接重冷剂分离罐S1。重冷剂分离罐S1底部管线送入第一冷箱B1，并从第一冷箱B1返回压缩机三段C3前。
重冷剂分离罐S1顶部依次连接压缩机四段C4、第二水冷器A2和轻冷剂分离罐S2。轻冷剂分离罐S2顶部管线送入第三冷箱B3，并从第三冷箱B3返回压缩机一段C1。轻冷剂分离罐S2底部管线送入第二冷箱B2，并从第二冷箱B2返回压缩机二段C2前。
混合冷剂经压缩机一段C1、压缩机二段C2和压缩机三段C3压缩，从压缩机三段C3出来后经第一水冷器A1冷却，在重冷剂分离罐S1中分离出液相重冷剂去第一冷箱B1，气相继续经压缩机四段C4后，经第二水冷器A2冷却，在轻冷剂分离罐S2中，分离出气相的轻冷剂和液相的中冷剂去冷箱，重冷剂经第一冷箱B1冷却，经J-T阀D1闪蒸为系统提供最高温度级位的冷量，进入压缩机三段前；中冷剂经第二冷箱冷却，经J-T阀D2闪蒸为系统提供中间温度级位的冷量，进入压缩机二段前；轻冷剂经第三冷箱冷却，经J-T阀D3闪蒸为系统提供最低温度级位的冷量，进入压缩机一段。
由于各冷剂在不同的压力级位闪蒸，从冷箱系统抽出时的温度不同，各冷剂在进入压缩机前的过热度不会过高，因此整个系统的能耗会有较大幅度的降低，据计算与传统的SMR工艺相比，本实施例降低能耗5-10％。
在示例性实施例中，典型的混合冷剂组成为：氮气5.14mol％、甲烷18.4mol％、乙烯17.8mol％、丙烷52.1mol％和异戊烷6.46mol％。
对比例
如图2所示，现有技术的天然气液化系统(传统的SMR工艺)。
混合冷剂经过混合冷剂压缩机C压缩后进入水冷器A，在水冷器A中冷却后进入冷箱B冷却，在冷箱B末端出冷箱，经J-T阀D减压闪蒸后部分汽化温度降低，重新进入冷箱为天然气预冷、冷凝和过冷提供冷量，最后天然气被液化为-162℃左右的液化天然气，而提供完冷量的混合冷剂则被完全汽化，重新进入混合冷剂压缩机进行压缩。对比例的混合冷剂换热流程不合理，特别是轻组分过热度较高，造成压缩机能耗较高。在该对比例中，典型的混合冷剂组成为：氮气10.1mol％、甲烷22.4mol％、乙烯33.4mol％、丙烷14.3mol％和异戊烷19.2mol％。

Claims (6)

1.一种单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
压缩机、第一冷箱、第二冷箱、第三冷箱、第一水冷器、第二水冷器、重冷剂分离罐、轻冷剂分离罐；
其中所述压缩机包括压缩机一段、压缩机二段、压缩机三段和压缩机四段；所述压缩机一段、压缩机二段、压缩机三段依次串联，所述压缩机三段出口连接所述第一水冷器后连接所述重冷剂分离罐；
所述重冷剂分离罐底部管线送入所述第一冷箱，并从所述第一冷箱返回所述压缩机三段前，所述重冷剂分离罐顶部依次连接所述压缩机四段、所述第二水冷器和所述轻冷剂分离罐；
所述轻冷剂分离罐顶部管线送入所述第三冷箱，并从所述第三冷箱返回所述压缩机一段，所述轻冷剂分离罐底部管线送入所述第二冷箱，并从所述第二冷箱返回所述压缩机二段前。
2.如权利要求1所述的单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统，其特征在于，在所述第一冷箱与所述压缩机三段之间设置有第一J-T阀，在所述第二冷箱与所述压缩机二段之间设置有第二J-T阀，在所述第三冷箱与所述压缩机一段之间设置有第三J-T阀。
3.一种采用如权利要求1所述系统的天然气液化方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
混合冷剂经压缩机压缩后分离出轻冷剂、中冷剂和重冷剂，所述轻冷剂、中冷剂和重冷剂在不同冷箱位置闪蒸，为天然气液化提供不同级位的冷量。
4.如权利要求3所述的天然气液化方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：混合冷剂经压缩机一段、压缩机二段和压缩机三段压缩，从所述压缩机三段出来后经第一水冷器冷却，在重冷剂分离罐中分离出液相重冷剂去第一冷箱；所述重冷剂经所述第一冷箱冷却，经闪蒸为系统提供最高温度级位的冷量，进入所述压缩机三段前；
步骤2：所述重冷剂分离罐分离的气相继续经压缩机四段压缩、经第二水冷器冷却，在轻冷剂分离罐中分离出液相中冷剂去第二冷箱，所述中冷剂经所述第二冷箱冷却，经闪蒸为系统提供中间温度级位的冷量，进入所述压缩机二段前；
步骤3：所述轻冷剂分离罐分离的气相轻冷剂去第三冷箱，所述轻冷剂经所述第三冷箱冷却，经闪蒸为系统提供最低温度级位的冷量，进入所述压缩机一段。
5.如权利要求4所述的天然气液化方法，其特征在于，所述混合冷剂包括氮气、氦气、甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、正丁烷、异丁烷、异戊烷中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求4所述的天然气液化方法，其特征在于，通过J-T阀进行闪蒸。
CN201610440186.1A 2016-06-17 2016-06-17 单压缩机混合冷剂天然气液化系统及方法 Pending CN107514871A (zh)

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CN85103725A (zh) * 1983-10-25 1986-11-12 气体产品与化学品公司 用双混合冷却液分级压缩方法液化天然气
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