CN107514301A - 有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器 - Google Patents

有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器 Download PDF

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CN107514301A
CN107514301A CN201610427067.2A CN201610427067A CN107514301A CN 107514301 A CN107514301 A CN 107514301A CN 201610427067 A CN201610427067 A CN 201610427067A CN 107514301 A CN107514301 A CN 107514301A
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ceramic honeycomb
honeycomb carrier
exhaust gas
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华国金
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JIANGYIN HUAYIN CERAMIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器。它包括过滤箱（1），所述过滤箱（1）内设置有过滤网（2）、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体（3）和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体（7），过滤箱（1）的尾气出口处还设置有喷雾室（7）和选择性催化还原转化器（8）。本发明一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，在过滤网、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体和和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体两级过滤下，将主要成分为CO、HC、NOx的尾气，反应成CO2、H2O、N2和O2，同时隔壁上的微孔能有效过滤废气中的黑烟颗粒，并在催化剂涂层的作用下黑烟颗粒会被燃烧掉，最后在选择性催化还原转化器内除去氮氧化合物，排放的尾气满足国V的标准。

Description

有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，用于汽车尾气净化。属于汽车设备技术领域。
背景技术
目前，普通的汽车尾气过滤器，是使用催化剂与汽车尾气中的NO、NO2与CO反应，生成CO2和N2这两种无污染气体，但是配备柴油发动机的汽车，由于柴油发动机的尾气中含有黑烟颗粒，现有的尾气过滤器不能有效过滤黑烟颗粒，这样会造成环境污染；随着国V标准的逐步实施，由于上述的尾气中还存在大量的氮氧化物，因此现有的汽车尾气过滤装置已经不能满足要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足，提供了一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，此尾气过滤器在过滤汽车尾气中的CO、HC、NOx有害气体的同时也能过滤黑烟颗粒，并在高温下黑烟颗粒会逐步燃烧而氧化，最后在选择性催化还原转化器的作用下，氮氧化物还原成氮气和水，满足国V标准。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，包括过滤箱，其特点是：所述过滤箱呈圆柱形，过滤箱内设置有过滤网、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体，所述第一陶瓷蜂窝载体与第二陶瓷蜂窝载体结构相同，且形状与过滤箱对应，第一陶瓷蜂窝载体沿轴线方向密布有气孔，所述气孔的一端为开口，另一端设置有封堵面，所述封堵面和开口间隔布置，所述相邻两个气孔设置有隔壁，隔壁上开有呈蜂窝状的微孔，隔壁上涂覆有催化剂涂层，所述过滤箱的尾气出口处还设置有喷雾室和选择性催化还原转化器，喷雾室内壁上设置有喷嘴，喷嘴喷射尿素溶液，选择性催化还原转化器采用的催化剂为钒、钨或钛。
本发明一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，其气孔的孔数为600孔/平方英寸。
本发明一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，其隔壁的厚度为0.13~0.14mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，在过滤网、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体三级过滤下，将主要成分为CO、HC、NOx的尾气，反应成CO2、H2O、N2和O2，同时隔壁上的微孔能有效过滤废气中的黑烟颗粒，并在催化剂涂层的作用下黑烟颗粒会被燃烧掉，进一步提高了尾气净化效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器的结构示意图。
图2为图1的左视图。
图3为本发明的第一陶瓷蜂窝载体的截面示意图。
图4为本发明的第一陶瓷蜂窝载体的部分轴向截面图。
图5为本发明的第一陶瓷蜂窝载体的隔壁的结构示意图。
图中：
过滤箱1，
过滤网2，
第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3，
气孔3.1，
封堵面3.2，
隔壁3.3，
微孔3.4，
催化剂涂层3.5
开口3.6，
尾气进口4，
尾气出口5，
尾气6，
第二陶瓷蜂窝载体7，
喷雾室8，
选择性催化还原转化器9。
具体实施方式
参见图1-5，本发明涉及一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，它包括过滤箱1、过滤网2、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体7，过滤箱1的左端为尾气进口4，右端为尾气出口5，所述过滤网2、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体7设置在过滤箱1内，过滤网2靠近尾气进口4处，所述过滤箱1呈圆柱形，所述第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3和第二蜂窝载体7的结构相同，且形状与过滤选箱1对应，第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3沿轴线方向密布有气孔3.1，所述气孔3.1的一端为开口3.6，另一端设置有封堵面3.2，所述封堵面3.2和开口3.6间隔布置，所述相邻两个气孔3.1设置有隔壁3.3，隔壁3.3上开有呈蜂窝状的微孔3.4，隔壁3.3上涂覆有催化剂涂层3.5。
所述过滤箱1的尾气出口处还设置有喷雾室8和选择性催化还原转化器9，喷雾室8内壁上设置有喷嘴，喷嘴喷射尿素溶液，选择性催化还原转化器9采用的催化剂为钒、钨或钛，选择性催化还原转化器9，又称之为SCR，其采用的还原剂是喷雾室8喷射的尿素溶液，尿素加水后在高温下分解为NH3和CO2，与柴油车尾气中的NO和NO2通过化学反应，产生氮气和水，降低柴油车尾气中的NO和NO2排放
其中，气孔3.1的孔数为600孔/平方英寸，隔壁3.3的厚度为0.13~0.14mm。
工作原理：本发明采用堇青石质制作成蜂窝陶瓷载体，并内置在柴油机尾气净化器内，柴油发动机排出的带有黑烟颗粒的废气尾气进口4进入，经过过滤网2的一级过滤，然后进入第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3进行二级过滤，从气孔3.1的开口3.6进入，由于气孔3.1在一端是开口3.6，而在另一端则是封堵面3.2，因此废气会通过带有微孔3.4的隔壁3.3，然后从相邻气孔3.1的开口3.6排出，由于黑烟颗粒的直径较微孔3.4大，因此废气中的黑烟颗粒将被过滤捕捉在隔壁3.3上，气流则从微孔3.4穿过，从第一陶瓷蜂窝载体3排出的废气进入第二陶瓷蜂窝载体7，进行三级过滤，过滤原理同二级过滤。
所述催化剂涂层3.5含有贵金属的活性稀土，主要成份有Pt、Pd、Rh、Al2O3、Ce、La、Zr、Cu、Mn ，柴油燃烧的废气（主要为CO、HC、NOx等有害气体）穿过微孔3.4时，涂覆在隔壁3.3上的催化剂涂层3.5将增强CO、HC、NOx三种气体的活性，促使其进行一定的氧化-还原化学反应，其中CO在高温下氧化成无色无毒的二氧化碳气体，HC化合物在高温下分解成水（H2O）和二氧化碳，NOx还原成氮气和氧气。
当柴油机排气温度达到375 摄氏度时，在催化剂涂层3.5的作用下，隔壁3.3上的黑烟颗粒会逐步燃烧而氧化，黑烟颗粒的净化率约达到85% 以上，当反应温度达到500 摄氏度时催化剂和黑烟颗粒反应从而完全燃烧掉（催化燃烧），此时黑烟颗粒的净化率可达90% 以上。

Claims (3)

1.一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，包括过滤箱（1），其特征在于：所述过滤箱（1）呈圆柱形，过滤箱（1）内设置有过滤网（2）、第一陶瓷蜂窝载体（3）和第二陶瓷蜂窝载体（7），所述第一陶瓷蜂窝载体（3）与第二陶瓷蜂窝载体（7）结构相同，且形状与过滤箱（1）对应，第一陶瓷蜂窝载体（3）沿轴线方向密布有气孔（3.1），所述气孔（3.1）的一端为开口（3.6），另一端设置有封堵面（3.2），所述封堵面（3.2）和开口（3.6）间隔布置，所述相邻两个气孔（3.1）设置有隔壁（3.3），隔壁（3.3）上开有呈蜂窝状的微孔（3.4），隔壁（3.3）上涂覆有催化剂涂层（3.5），所述过滤箱（1）的尾气出口处还设置有喷雾室8）和选择性催化还原转化器（9），喷雾室（8）内壁上设置有喷嘴，喷嘴喷射尿素溶液，选择性催化还原转化器（9）采用的催化剂为钒、钨或钛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，其特征在于：所述气孔（3.1）的孔数为600孔/平方英寸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器，其特征在于：所述隔壁（3.3）的厚度为0.13~0.14mm。
CN201610427067.2A 2016-06-17 2016-06-17 有效除氮氧化物的圆柱形尾气过滤器 Pending CN107514301A (zh)

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