CN107513139A - 一种秸秆生物质基保水剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种秸秆生物质基保水剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107513139A
CN107513139A CN201710718420.7A CN201710718420A CN107513139A CN 107513139 A CN107513139 A CN 107513139A CN 201710718420 A CN201710718420 A CN 201710718420A CN 107513139 A CN107513139 A CN 107513139A
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方永静
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ANHUI WANGWANG FOWL INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种秸秆生物质基保水剂及其制备方法，其特征在于，小麦秸秆通过发酵处理后，更有利于农作物吸收，同时更易生物降解；通过接枝聚合反应将海藻酸钠的大分子骨架接枝到聚丙烯酸分子链上，制备成一种多糖基的农用保水剂材料，解决了聚丙烯酸类保水剂降解性差的问题；将发酵过的小麦秸秆作为内核，包裹上保水剂，不仅具有良好的保水效果，改善调理土壤，同时内核可作为肥料，促进资源的充分利用，环境友好。

Description

一种秸秆生物质基保水剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保水剂，具体涉及一种秸秆生物质基保水剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是农业生产大国，农作物稻秆的年产量在2009年己将近7亿吨，其中小麦结秆和稻秸秆约占40%-60%。古往今来，我国的农作物结秆主要用于农村喂养牲畜、生火做饭等，农村经济发展越来越快，然而稻秆利用率却大大降低，大量稻秆在农田里焚烧，火光和浓烟严重污染了空气环境，甚至给民用航空带来影响。稻秆如何处理是我国面临的重大资源利用问题，因此开展稻秆的综合利用工作也是我国施行可持续发展战略的重要举措。稻秆是一种宝贵资源，也是天然高分子材料，来源丰富，价格低廉、密度低、可循环利用，具有良好的降解性。秸秆资源的综合利用对能耗的降低以及自然资源的充分利用具有重要意义。
付菁菁在《麦秸秆-粉煤灰-PP发泡复合保温材料制备及性能研究》中，利用小麦秸秆、粉煤灰和聚丙烯制备了一种保温材料，但是其保温性能，阻燃性能和绝缘能力都有待进一步提高。
发明内容
基于以上思考，本发明旨在提供一种易生物降解、保水效果好、保水剂不易脱落的秸秆内核保水剂，及其制备方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案实现：
一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a. 将10-20重量份小麦秸秆自然晾干后剪成适宜长度，然后投入粉碎机中粉碎，再倒入振动筛中，过筛，取粒度≥40目的小麦秸秆粉备用；
b.向步骤a所得物中加入1-2份酵母，在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天，粉碎，得发酵物颗粒；
c. 将10-20份丙烯酸、1-2份过硫酸铵和4-8份N, N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加蒸馏水制成混合溶液，逐滴加到30-40份海藻酸钠溶液中，持续搅拌；通氮气10-15min后，于60-80℃条件下水浴反应2-5h；反应结束后，经过滤、干燥、粉碎后得保水剂；
d. 将步骤b所得物放入转动的转鼓中，然后边转动边用30-50份瓜尔胶溶液均匀地喷洒在其表面，加入步骤c所得保水剂，继续转动，使保水剂包裹在颗粒外层，烘干，即可。
所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤c所述海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数为10-30%。
所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d所述瓜尔胶溶液的质量分数为5-30%。
所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d所述烘干温度为30-50℃。
本发明的有益效果是：小麦秸秆通过发酵处理后，更有利于农作物吸收，同时更易生物降解；通过接枝聚合反应将海藻酸钠的大分子骨架接枝到聚丙烯酸分子链上，制备成一种多糖基的农用保水剂材料，解决了聚丙烯酸类保水剂降解性差的问题；将发酵过的小麦秸秆作为内核，包裹上保水剂，不仅具有良好的保水效果，改善调理土壤，同时内核可作为肥料，促进资源的充分利用，环境友好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。
实施例
一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a. 将20重量份小麦秸秆自然晾干后剪成适宜长度，然后投入粉碎机中粉碎，再倒入振动筛中，过筛，取粒度≥40目的小麦秸秆粉备用；
b.向步骤a所得物中加入2份酵母，在75℃环境下堆存发酵处理20天，粉碎，得发酵物颗粒；
c. 将20份丙烯酸、2份过硫酸铵和8份N, N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加蒸馏水制成混合溶液，逐滴加到40份海藻酸钠溶液中，持续搅拌；通氮气15min后，于80℃条件下水浴反应5h；反应结束后，经过滤、干燥、粉碎后得保水剂；
d. 将步骤b所得物放入转动的转鼓中，然后边转动边用50份瓜尔胶溶液均匀地喷洒在其表面，加入步骤c所得保水剂，继续转动，使保水剂包裹在颗粒外层，烘干，即可。
所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤c所述海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数为30%。
所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d所述瓜尔胶溶液的质量分数为30%。
所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d所述烘干温度为50℃。

Claims (4)

1.一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a. 将10-20重量份小麦秸秆自然晾干后剪成适宜长度，然后投入粉碎机中粉碎，再倒入振动筛中，过筛，取粒度≥40目的小麦秸秆粉备用；
b.向步骤a所得物中加入1-2份酵母，在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天，粉碎，得发酵物颗粒；
c. 将10-20份丙烯酸、1-2份过硫酸铵和4-8份N, N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加蒸馏水制成混合溶液，逐滴加到30-40份海藻酸钠溶液中，持续搅拌；通氮气10-15min后，于60-80℃条件下水浴反应2-5h；反应结束后，经过滤、干燥、粉碎后得保水剂；
d. 将步骤b所得物放入转动的转鼓中，然后边转动边用30-50份瓜尔胶溶液均匀地喷洒在其表面，加入步骤c所得保水剂，继续转动，使保水剂包裹在颗粒外层，烘干，即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤c所述海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数为10-30%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d所述瓜尔胶溶液的质量分数为5-30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸秆生物质基保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d所述烘干温度为30-50℃。
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