CN107507999A - 电解质组合物及包含其的金属离子电池 - Google Patents
电解质组合物及包含其的金属离子电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107507999A CN107507999A CN201710067771.6A CN201710067771A CN107507999A CN 107507999 A CN107507999 A CN 107507999A CN 201710067771 A CN201710067771 A CN 201710067771A CN 107507999 A CN107507999 A CN 107507999A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cation
- villaumite
- chloride
- metal ion
- ion battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- -1 benzimidazolium cation Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 388
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Natural products C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous quinoline Natural products N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylenediamine Natural products C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 10
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UNTNRNUQVKDIPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dithiazole Chemical compound N1SSC=C1 UNTNRNUQVKDIPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Natural products C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-quinoline Natural products C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005500 uronium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VWPMHBJWRZIQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCCCCCCCC.N1C=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCCC.N1C=CC=CC=C1 VWPMHBJWRZIQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LBZRRXXISSKCHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[O] Chemical compound [B].[O] LBZRRXXISSKCHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical compound N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QDFXRVAOBHEBGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cyclononen-1-yl)-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-1h-diazonine Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC=C1C1=NNCCCCCC1 QDFXRVAOBHEBGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GIMQQVIODHOPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].P1C=CC=C1 Chemical class [O].P1C=CC=C1 GIMQQVIODHOPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004880 oxines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WUHLVXDDBHWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentazole Chemical compound N=1N=NNN=1 WUHLVXDDBHWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004857 phospholes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical class C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LLYXJBROWQDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1Cl LLYXJBROWQDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- AFSJUFFXOPXIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-dihydroimidazol-1-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical class CC[NH+]1CN(C)C=C1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AFSJUFFXOPXIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical group O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical class N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCN1CN(C)C=C1 IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- GIQQAQFTVJTULV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=COC=N1 GIQQAQFTVJTULV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORECNKBJIMKZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CSC=N1 ORECNKBJIMKZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAPAAMJNJUBIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 QAPAAMJNJUBIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPTRYWVRCNOTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZPTRYWVRCNOTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZJDCJWGLMDFCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-phosphol-1-ium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[PH2+]1C=CC=C1 ZJDCJWGLMDFCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FARSPAVQUKTXLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 FARSPAVQUKTXLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHTKOUJDEUQFOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=NNC=1 JHTKOUJDEUQFOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFDGRWDETVOGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrrole;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CNC=1 LFDGRWDETVOGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGBNUTJYQXQLSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-triazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CNN=N1 DGBNUTJYQXQLSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MOTIMKZQTOBIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl-].[NH+]=1NN=NN=1 Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH+]=1NN=NN=1 MOTIMKZQTOBIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBODOCIYWCXOEU-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].[O+]=1BC=CC=1 Chemical compound [Cl-].[O+]=1BC=CC=1 ZBODOCIYWCXOEU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JFQXBDKLCYGOBU-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].[O+]=1PC=CC=1 Chemical compound [Cl-].[O+]=1PC=CC=1 JFQXBDKLCYGOBU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYWQTJWGWLKBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC(N)=O VYWQTJWGWLKBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEIWYFRREFUNRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;piperidine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1CC[NH2+]CC1 VEIWYFRREFUNRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PSXRWZBTVAZNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;quinoline;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 PSXRWZBTVAZNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYHBKLWDTGTBME-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CN=CC=N1 HYHBKLWDTGTBME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFJZBOIOPMOUCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=NN=C1 WFJZBOIOPMOUCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IDXKTTNFXPPXJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CN=CN=C1 IDXKTTNFXPPXJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXQDMEIVVXHTEC-UHFFFAOYSA-M pyrylium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 KXQDMEIVVXHTEC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VBUBADWLHFZFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 VBUBADWLHFZFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SAEMKKTVBSCOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxalin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 SAEMKKTVBSCOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDLNRRRJZOJTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiohypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClS XDLNRRRJZOJTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FRZPYEHDSAQGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 FRZPYEHDSAQGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1C=CN=C1 STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLLLVRSRXFDRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazole;thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1.C=1C=NNC=1 PLLLVRSRXFDRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RABBMOYULJIAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrrole;thiophene Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1.C=1C=CSC=1 RABBMOYULJIAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHNBPYILQFENIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C12.[Cl] Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C12.[Cl] PHNBPYILQFENIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVZRSRSGFNOAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1C=NC2=C1C=CC=C2.[Cl] Chemical compound N1C=NC2=C1C=CC=C2.[Cl] YVZRSRSGFNOAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBHWOLDGXCOBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].CS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound [F].CS(O)(=O)=O OBHWOLDGXCOBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRSFFHRCBYCWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[O] Chemical compound [O].[O] QRSFFHRCBYCWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMUIBVMKQVKHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [S].NC(N)=O PMUIBVMKQVKHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- INDFXCHYORWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F INDFXCHYORWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorophosphane Chemical compound ClP USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- UCIYGNATMHQYCT-OWOJBTEDSA-N cyclodecene Chemical compound C1CCCC\C=C\CCC1 UCIYGNATMHQYCT-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Os]=O XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002468 redox effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电解质组合物及包含其的金属离子电池。该电解质组合物包含:金属氯化物;含氯离子液体;以及添加剂,其中该添加剂是具有公式(I)所示结构的化合物:[M]i[(A(SO2CxF2x+1)y)b‑]j公式(I),其中M可为咪唑鎓阳离子、铵阳离子、氮杂轮烯鎓阳离子、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子等,其中M的价数可为a;a是1、2、或3;A可为氮、氧、硅、或碳;x可为1、2、3、4、5、或6;y可为1、2、或3;b可为1、2、或3;i可为1、2、或3;j可为1、2、或3;a/b=j/i;以及,当y为2、或3时,(SO2CxF2x+1)基团可为相同或不同。本发明的电解质组合物可降低吸湿性以及增加抗水解能力,达到改善金属离子电池对于环境水氧的耐受性,并延长金属离子电池的循环寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种电解质组合物及包含其的金属离子电池。
背景技术
铝在地球上蕴藏量非常丰富,以铝作为材料的电子装置具有较低的成本。在储能元件的应用方面,铝在电化学充放电的过程中电子转移数目可达到三,因此可提供较高的能量储存容量。再者,由于铝具有低可燃性及电子氧化还原性质,大幅提升金属离子电池在使用上的安全性。
然而,传统金属离子电池所使用的电解质组合物易于吸湿及潮解,因此需在较为严格的条件(低水气及氧氧含量的气氛)下进行电解质充填及金属离子电池的封装,导致在量产上受到限制。
因此,业界需要一种新的电解质组合物,以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的电解质组合物,从基本上解决现有技术中存在的上述问题。
根据本发明实施例,本发明提供一种电解质组合物,包含:一金属氯化物;一含氯离子液体;以及,一添加剂,其中该添加剂是具有公式(I)所示结构的化合物:
[M]i[(A(SO2CxF2x+1)y)b-]j 公式(I)
其中M可为铵阳离子(ammonium cation)、氮杂轮烯鎓阳离子(azaannuleniumcation)、氮杂噻唑鎓阳离子(azathiazolium cation)、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子(benzimidazolium cation)、苯并呋喃鎓阳离子(benzofuranium cation)、苯并三唑鎓阳离子(benzotriazolium cation)、硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(borolium cation)、胆碱阳离子(cholinium cation)、噌啉鎓阳离子(cinnolinium cation)、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclodecenium cation)、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclononeniumcation)、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclo-undecenium cation)、二噻唑鎓阳离子(dithiazolium cation)、呋喃鎓阳离子(furanium cation)、胍鎓阳离子(guanidinium cation)、咪唑鎓阳离子(imidazolium cation)、吲唑鎓阳离子(indazoliumcation)、二氢吲哚鎓阳离子(indolinium cation)、吲哚鎓阳离子(indolium cation)、吗啉鎓阳离子(morpholinium cation)、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaborolium cation)、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaphospholium cation)、恶嗪鎓阳离子(oxazinium cation)、恶唑鎓阳离子(oxazolium cation)、异恶唑鎓阳离子(iso-oxazolium cation)、恶噻唑鎓阳离子(oxathiazolium cation)、五唑鎓阳离子(pentazolium cation)、磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(phospholium cation)、磷鎓阳离子(phosphonium cation)、酞嗪鎓阳离子(phthalazinium cation)、哌嗪鎓阳离子(piperazinium cation)、哌啶鎓阳离子(piperidinium cation)、吡喃鎓阳离子(pyranium cation)、吡嗪鎓阳离子(pyraziniumcation)、吡唑鎓阳离子(pyrazolium cation)、哒嗪鎓阳离子(pyridazinium cation)、吡啶鎓阳离子(pyridinium cation)、嘧啶鎓阳离子(pyrimidinium cation)、吡咯烷鎓阳离子(pyrrolidinium cation)、吡咯鎓阳离子(pyrrolium cation)、喹唑啉鎓阳离子(quinazolinium cation)、喹啉鎓阳离子(quinolinium cation)、异喹啉鎓阳离子(iso-quinolinium cation)、喹喔啉鎓阳离子(quinoxalinium cation)、硒唑鎓阳离子(selenozolium cation)、硫鎓阳离子(sulfonium cation)、四唑鎓阳离子(tetrazoliumcation)、异噻二唑鎓阳离子(iso-thiadiazolium cation)、噻嗪鎓阳离子(thiaziniumcation)、噻唑鎓阳离子(thiazolium cation)、噻吩鎓阳离子(thiophenium cation)、硫脲鎓阳离子(thiuronium cation)、三氮杂癸烯鎓阳离子(triazadecenium cation)、三嗪鎓阳离子(triazinium cation)、三唑鎓阳离子(triazolium cation)、异三唑鎓阳离子(iso-triazolium cation)或脲鎓阳离子(uronium cation),其中M的价数可为a;a为1、2、或3;A为氮、氧、硅、或碳;x可为1、2、3、4、5、或6;y为1、2、或3;b为1、2、或3;i为1、2、或3;j为1、2、或3;a/b=j/i;以及,当y为2、或3时,(SO2CxF2x+1)基团可为相同或不同。
根据本发明实施例,本发明亦提供一种金属离子电池,包含:一正极;一隔离膜;一负极,其中该负极以隔离膜与该正极相隔;以及,上述的电解质组合物,设置于该正极与该负极之间。
与现有技术相比,本发明的电解质组合物除了金属氯化物及含氯离子液体外,更进一步包含具有特定含量的添加剂,因此,可降低电解质组合物的吸湿性以及增加电解质组合物的抗水解能力,达到改善金属离子电池对于环境水氧的耐受性,并延长金属离子电池的循环寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明一实施例所述金属离子电池的示意图;
图2是本发明比较例1所述金属离子电池(1)其充放电电压与时间的关系图;
图3是本发明比较例1所述金属离子电池(1)其放电比容量与充放电循环次数的关系图;
图4是本发明实施例5所述金属离子电池(2)其充放电电压与时间的关系图;
图5是本发明实施例5所述金属离子电池(2)其放电比容量与充放电循环次数的关系图;
图6是本发明实施例6所述金属离子电池(3)其充放电电压与时间的关系图;
图7是本发明实施例6所述金属离子电池(3)其放电比容量与充放电循环次数的关系图;
图8是本发明实施例7所述金属离子电池(4)其充放电电压与时间的关系图;
图9是本发明实施例7所述金属离子电池(4)其放电比容量与充放电循环次数的关系图;
图10是本发明实施例8所述金属离子电池(5)其充放电电压与时间的关系图;
图11是本发明实施例8所述金属离子电池(5)其放电比容量与充放电循环次数的关系图;
其中,符号说明:
10 正极; 11 集电层;
12 负极; 13 活性材料;
14 隔离膜; 20 电解质组合物;
100 金属离子电池。
具体实施方式
以下针对本发明所述的电解质组合物及金属离子电池作详细说明。应了解的是,以下的叙述提供许多不同的实施例或例子,用以实施本发明的不同样态。以下所述特定的元件及排列方式仅为简单描述本发明。当然,这些仅用以举例而非本发明的限定。此外,在不同实施例中可能使用重复的标号或标示。这些重复仅为了简单清楚地叙述本发明,不代表所讨论的不同实施例及/或结构之间具有任何关联性。且在图式中,实施例的形状、数量、或是厚度可扩大,并以简化或是方便标示。再者,图式中各元件的部分将以分别描述说明之,值得注意的是,图中未绘示或描述的元件,为所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所知的形式,此外,特定的实施例仅为揭示本发明使用的特定方式,其并非用以限定本发明。
本发明提供一种电解质组合物及包含其的金属离子电池。根据本发明实施例,该电解质组合物除了金属氯化物及含氯离子液体外,更进一步包含一具有特定含量的添加剂,可降低电解质组合物的吸湿性以及增加电解质组合物的抗水解能力,达到改善金属离子电池对于环境水氧的耐受性,并延长金属离子电池的循环寿命。
根据本发明实施例,该电解质组合物可包含一金属氯化物、一含氯离子液体、以及一添加剂。其中,该添加剂可具有公式(I)所示结构的化合物:
[M]i[(A(SO2CxF2x+1)y)b-]j 公式(I)
其中M可为铵阳离子(ammonium cation)、氮杂轮烯鎓阳离子(azaannuleniumcation)、氮杂噻唑鎓阳离子(azathiazolium cation)、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子(benzimidazolium cation)、苯并呋喃鎓阳离子(benzofuranium cation)、苯并三唑鎓阳离子(benzotriazolium cation)、硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(borolium cation)、胆碱阳离子(cholinium cation)、噌啉鎓阳离子(cinnolinium cation)、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclodecenium cation)、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclononeniumcation)、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclo-undecenium cation)、二噻唑鎓阳离子(dithiazolium cation)、呋喃鎓阳离子(furanium cation)、胍鎓阳离子(guanidinium cation)、咪唑鎓阳离子(imidazolium cation)、吲唑鎓阳离子(indazoliumcation)、二氢吲哚鎓阳离子(indolinium cation)、吲哚鎓阳离子(indolium cation)、吗啉鎓阳离子(morpholinium cation)、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaborolium cation)、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaphospholium cation)、恶嗪鎓阳离子(oxazinium cation)、恶唑鎓阳离子(oxazolium cation)、异恶唑鎓阳离子(iso-oxazolium cation)、恶噻唑鎓阳离子(oxathiazolium cation)、五唑鎓阳离子(pentazolium cation)、磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(phospholium cation)、磷鎓阳离子(phosphonium cation)、酞嗪鎓阳离子(phthalazinium cation)、哌嗪鎓阳离子(piperazinium cation)、哌啶鎓阳离子(piperidinium cation)、吡喃鎓阳离子(pyranium cation)、吡嗪鎓阳离子(pyraziniumcation)、吡唑鎓阳离子(pyrazolium cation)、哒嗪鎓阳离子(pyridazinium cation)、吡啶鎓阳离子(pyridinium cation)、嘧啶鎓阳离子(pyrimidinium cation)、吡咯烷鎓阳离子(pyrrolidinium cation)、吡咯鎓阳离子(pyrrolium cation)、喹唑啉鎓阳离子(quinazolinium cation)、喹啉鎓阳离子(quinolinium cation)、异喹啉鎓阳离子(iso-quinolinium cation)、喹喔啉鎓阳离子(quinoxalinium cation)、硒唑鎓阳离子(selenozolium cation)、硫鎓阳离子(sulfonium cation)、四唑鎓阳离子(tetrazoliumcation)、异噻二唑鎓阳离子(iso-thiadiazolium cation)、噻嗪鎓阳离子(thiaziniumcation)、噻唑鎓阳离子(thiazolium cation)、噻吩鎓阳离子(thiophenium cation)、硫脲鎓阳离子(thiuronium cation)、三氮杂癸烯鎓阳离子(triazadecenium cation)、三嗪鎓阳离子(triazinium cation)、三唑鎓阳离子(triazolium cation)、异三唑鎓阳离子(iso-triazolium cation)或脲鎓阳离子(uronium cation),其中M的价数可为a;a可为1、2、或3;A可为氮、氧、硅、或碳;x可为1、2、3、4、5、或6;y可为1、2、或3;b可为1、2、或3;i可为1、2、或3;j可为1、2、或3;a/b=j/i;以及,当y是2、或3时,(SO2CxF2x+1)基团可为相同或不同。
根据本发明实施例,该添加剂可具有公式(II)所示结构的化合物:
[M]i[(OSO2CxF2x+1)-]j 公式(II)
其中M可为铵阳离子(ammonium cation)、氮杂轮烯鎓阳离子(azaannuleniumcation)、氮杂噻唑鎓阳离子(azathiazolium cation)、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子(benzimidazolium cation)、苯并呋喃鎓阳离子(benzofuranium cation)、苯并三唑鎓阳离子(benzotriazolium cation)、硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(borolium cation)、胆碱阳离子(cholinium cation)、噌啉鎓阳离子(cinnolinium cation)、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclodecenium cation)、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclononeniumcation)、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclo-undecenium cation)、二噻唑鎓阳离子(dithiazolium cation)、呋喃鎓阳离子(furanium cation)、胍鎓阳离子(guanidinium cation)、咪唑鎓阳离子(imidazolium cation)、吲唑鎓阳离子(indazoliumcation)、二氢吲哚鎓阳离子(indolinium cation)、吲哚鎓阳离子(indolium cation)、吗啉鎓阳离子(morpholinium cation)、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaborolium cation)、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaphospholium cation)、恶嗪鎓阳离子(oxazinium cation)、恶唑鎓阳离子(oxazolium cation)、异恶唑鎓阳离子(iso-oxazolium cation)、恶噻唑鎓阳离子(oxathiazolium cation)、五唑鎓阳离子(pentazolium cation)、磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(phospholium cation)、磷鎓阳离子(phosphonium cation)、酞嗪鎓阳离子(phthalazinium cation)、哌嗪鎓阳离子(piperazinium cation)、哌啶鎓阳离子(piperidinium cation)、吡喃鎓阳离子(pyranium cation)、吡嗪鎓阳离子(pyraziniumcation)、吡唑鎓阳离子(pyrazolium cation)、哒嗪鎓阳离子(pyridazinium cation)、吡啶鎓阳离子(pyridinium cation)、嘧啶鎓阳离子(pyrimidinium cation)、吡咯烷鎓阳离子(pyrrolidinium cation)、吡咯鎓阳离子(pyrrolium cation)、喹唑啉鎓阳离子(quinazolinium cation)、喹啉鎓阳离子(quinolinium cation)、异喹啉鎓阳离子(iso-quinolinium cation)、喹喔啉鎓阳离子(quinoxalinium cation)、硒唑鎓阳离子(selenozolium cation)、硫鎓阳离子(sulfonium cation)、四唑鎓阳离子(tetrazoliumcation)、异噻二唑鎓阳离子(iso-thiadiazolium cation)、噻嗪鎓阳离子(thiaziniumcation)、噻唑鎓阳离子(thiazolium cation)、噻吩鎓阳离子(thiophenium cation)、硫脲鎓阳离子(thiuronium cation)、三氮杂癸烯鎓阳离子(triazadecenium cation)、三嗪鎓阳离子(triazinium cation)、三唑鎓阳离子(triazolium cation)、异三唑鎓阳离子(iso-triazolium cation)或脲鎓阳离子(uronium cation),其中M的价数可为a;a可为1、2、或3;x可为1、2、3、4、5、或6;i可为1、2、或3;j可为1、2、或3;以及,a=j/i。
根据本发明实施例,该添加剂可具有公式(III)所示结构的化合物:
[M]i[(N(SO2CxF2x+1)2)-]j 公式(III)
其中M可为铵阳离子(ammonium cation)、氮杂轮烯鎓阳离子(azaannuleniumcation)、氮杂噻唑鎓阳离子(azathiazolium cation)、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子(benzimidazolium cation)、苯并呋喃鎓阳离子(benzofuranium cation)、苯并三唑鎓阳离子(benzotriazolium cation)、硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(borolium cation)、胆碱阳离子(cholinium cation)、噌啉鎓阳离子(cinnolinium cation)、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclodecenium cation)、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclononeniumcation)、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓阳离子(diazabicyclo-undecenium cation)、二噻唑鎓阳离子(dithiazolium cation)、呋喃鎓阳离子(furanium cation)、胍鎓阳离子(guanidinium cation)、咪唑鎓阳离子(imidazolium cation)、吲唑鎓阳离子(indazoliumcation)、二氢吲哚鎓阳离子(indolinium cation)、吲哚鎓阳离子(indolium cation)、吗啉鎓阳离子(morpholinium cation)、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaborolium cation)、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(oxaphospholium cation)、恶嗪鎓阳离子(oxazinium cation)、恶唑鎓阳离子(oxazolium cation)、异恶唑鎓阳离子(iso-oxazolium cation)、恶噻唑鎓阳离子(oxathiazolium cation)、五唑鎓阳离子(pentazolium cation)、磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子(phospholium cation)、磷鎓阳离子(phosphonium cation)、酞嗪鎓阳离子(phthalazinium cation)、哌嗪鎓阳离子(piperazinium cation)、哌啶鎓阳离子(piperidinium cation)、吡喃鎓阳离子(pyranium cation)、吡嗪鎓阳离子(pyraziniumcation)、吡唑鎓阳离子(pyrazolium cation)、哒嗪鎓阳离子(pyridazinium cation)、吡啶鎓阳离子(pyridinium cation)、嘧啶鎓阳离子(pyrimidinium cation)、吡咯烷鎓阳离子(pyrrolidinium cation)、吡咯鎓阳离子(pyrrolium cation)、喹唑啉鎓阳离子(quinazolinium cation)、喹啉鎓阳离子(quinolinium cation)、异喹啉鎓阳离子(iso-quinolinium cation)、喹喔啉鎓阳离子(quinoxalinium cation)、硒唑鎓阳离子(selenozolium cation)、硫鎓阳离子(sulfonium cation)、四唑鎓阳离子(tetrazoliumcation)、异噻二唑鎓阳离子(iso-thiadiazolium cation)、噻嗪鎓阳离子(thiaziniumcation)、噻唑鎓阳离子(thiazolium cation)、噻吩鎓阳离子(thiophenium cation)、硫脲鎓阳离子(thiuronium cation)、三氮杂癸烯鎓阳离子(triazadecenium cation)、三嗪鎓阳离子(triazinium cation)、三唑鎓阳离子(triazolium cation)、异三唑鎓阳离子(iso-triazolium cation)或脲鎓阳离子(uronium cation),其中M的价数可为a;a可为1、2、或3;x可为1、2、3、4、5、或6;i可为1、2、或3;j可为1、2、或3;以及,a=j/i。
根据本发明某些实施例,该添加剂可为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate、[EMI+][OTf-])、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide、[EMI+][TFSI-])、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate、[BMI+][OTf-])、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide、[BMI+][TFSI-])、或上述的组合。
根据本发明实施例,该金属氯化物可为氯化铝、氯化铁、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化锰、氯化铬、或上述的组合。
根据本发明实施例,该含氯离子液体包含铵氯盐(ammonium chloride)、氮杂轮烯鎓氯盐(azaannulenium chloride)、氮杂噻唑鎓氯盐(azathiazolium chloride)、苯并咪唑鎓氯盐(benzimidazolium chloride)、苯并呋喃鎓氯盐(benzofuranium chloride)、苯并三唑鎓氯盐(benzotriazolium chloride)、硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(borolium chloride)、胆碱氯盐(cholinium chloride)、噌啉鎓氯盐(cinnolinium chloride)、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓氯盐(diazabicyclodecenium chloride)、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓氯盐(diazabicyclononeniumchloride)、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓氯盐(diazabicyclo-undecenium chloride)、二噻唑鎓氯盐(dithiazolium chloride)、呋喃鎓氯盐(furanium chloride)、胍鎓氯盐(guanidinium chloride)、咪唑鎓氯盐(imidazolium chloride)、吲唑鎓氯盐(indazoliumchloride)、二氢吲哚鎓氯盐(indolinium chloride)、吲哚鎓氯盐(indolium chloride)、吗啉鎓氯盐(morpholinium chloride)、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(oxaborolium chloride)、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(oxaphospholium chloride)、恶嗪鎓氯盐(oxazinium chloride)、恶唑鎓氯盐(oxazolium chloride)、异恶唑鎓氯盐(iso-oxazolium chloride)、恶噻唑鎓氯盐(oxathiazolium chloride)、五唑鎓氯盐(pentazolium chloride)、磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(phospholium chloride)、磷鎓氯盐(phosphonium chloride)、酞嗪鎓氯盐(phthalazinium chloride)、哌嗪鎓氯盐(piperazinium chloride)、哌啶鎓氯盐(piperidinium chloride)、吡喃鎓氯盐(pyranium chloride)、吡嗪鎓氯盐(pyraziniumchloride)、吡唑鎓氯盐(pyrazolium chloride)、哒嗪鎓氯盐(pyridazinium chloride)、吡啶鎓氯盐(pyridinium chloride)、嘧啶鎓氯盐(pyrimidinium chloride)、吡咯烷鎓氯盐(pyrrolidinium chloride)、吡咯鎓氯盐(pyrrolium chloride)、喹唑啉鎓氯盐(quinazolinium chloride)、喹啉鎓氯盐(quinolinium chloride)、异喹啉鎓氯盐(iso-quinolinium chloride)、喹喔啉鎓氯盐(quinoxalinium chloride)、硒唑鎓氯盐(selenozolium chloride)、硫鎓氯盐(sulfonium chloride)、四唑鎓氯盐(tetrazoliumchloride)、异噻二唑鎓氯盐(iso-thiadiazolium chloride)、噻嗪鎓氯盐(thiaziniumchloride)、噻唑鎓氯盐(thiazolium chloride)、噻吩鎓氯盐(thiophenium chloride)、硫脲鎓氯盐(thiuronium chloride)、三氮杂癸烯鎓氯盐(triazadecenium chloride)、三嗪鎓氯盐(triazinium chloride)、三唑鎓氯盐(triazolium chloride)、异三唑鎓氯盐(iso-triazolium chloride)、或脲鎓氯盐(uronium chloride)。
根据本发明实施例,该含氯离子液体包含铵氯盐(ammonium chloride)(例如:烷基铵氯盐(alkylammonium chloride)、氮杂轮烯鎓氯盐(azaannulenium chloride)(例如:烷基氮杂轮烯鎓氯盐(alkylazaannulenium chloride))、氮杂噻唑鎓氯盐(azathiazoliumchloride)(例如:烷基氮杂噻唑鎓氯盐(alkylazathiazolium chloride))、苯并咪唑鎓氯盐(benzimidazolium chloride)(例如:烷基苯并咪唑鎓氯盐(alkylbenzimidazoliumchloride))、苯并呋喃鎓氯盐(benzofuranium chloride)(例如:烷基苯并呋喃鎓氯盐(alkylbenzofuranium chloride))、苯并三唑鎓氯盐(benzotriazolium chloride)(例如:烷基苯并三唑鎓氯盐(alkylbenzotriazolium chloride))、硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(boroliumchloride)(例如:烷基硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(alkylborolium chloride))、胆碱氯盐(cholinium chloride)(例如:烷基胆碱氯盐(alkylcholinium chloride))、噌啉鎓氯盐(cinnolinium chloride)(例如:烷基噌啉鎓氯盐(alkylcinnolinium chloride))、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓氯盐(diazabicyclodecenium chloride)(例如:烷基二氮杂二环癸烯鎓氯盐(alkyldiazabicyclodecenium chloride))、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓氯盐(diazabicyclononenium chloride)(例如:烷基二氮杂二环壬烯鎓氯盐(alkyldiazabicyclononenium chloride))、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓氯盐(diazabicyclo-undecenium chloride)(例如:烷基二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓氯盐(alkyldiazabicyclo-undecenium chloride))、二噻唑鎓氯盐(dithiazolium chloride)(例如:烷基二噻唑鎓氯盐(alkyldithiazolium chloride))、呋喃鎓氯盐(furanium chloride)(例如:烷基呋喃鎓氯盐(alkylfuranium chloride))、胍鎓氯盐(guanidinium chloride)(例如:烷基胍鎓氯盐(alkylguanidinium chloride))、咪唑鎓氯盐(imidazolium chloride)(例如:烷基咪唑鎓氯盐(alkylimidazolium chloride))、吲唑鎓氯盐(indazolium chloride)(例如:烷基吲唑鎓氯盐(alkylindazolium chloride))、二氢吲哚鎓氯盐(indolinium chloride)(例如:烷基二氢吲哚鎓氯盐(alkylindolinium chloride))、吲哚鎓氯盐(indoliumchloride)(例如:烷基吲哚鎓氯盐(alkylindolium chloride))、吗啉鎓氯盐(morpholinium chloride)(例如:烷基吗啉鎓氯盐(alkylmorpholinium chloride))、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(oxaborolium chloride)(例如:烷基氧硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(alkyloxaborolium chloride))、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(oxaphospholium chloride)(例如:烷基氧磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(alkyloxaphospholium chloride))、恶嗪鎓氯盐(oxaziniumchloride)(例如:烷基恶嗪鎓氯盐(alkyloxazinium chloride))、恶唑鎓氯盐(oxazoliumchloride)(例如:烷基恶唑鎓氯盐(alkyloxazolium chloride))、异恶唑鎓氯盐(iso-oxazolium chloride)(例如:烷基异恶唑鎓氯盐(iso-alkyloxazolium chloride))、恶噻唑鎓氯盐(oxathiazolium chloride)(例如:烷基恶噻唑鎓氯盐(alkyloxathiazoliumchloride))、五唑鎓氯盐(pentazolium chloride)(例如:烷基五唑鎓氯盐(alkylpentazolium chloride))、磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(phospholium chloride)(例如:烷基磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐(alkylphospholium chloride))、磷鎓氯盐(phosphonium chloride)(例如:烷基磷鎓氯盐(alkylphosphonium chloride))、酞嗪鎓氯盐(phthalaziniumchloride)(例如:烷基酞嗪鎓氯盐(alkylphthalazinium chloride))、哌嗪鎓氯盐(piperazinium chloride)(例如:烷基哌嗪鎓氯盐(alkylpiperazinium chloride))、哌啶鎓氯盐(piperidinium chloride)(例如:烷基哌啶鎓氯盐(alkylpiperidiniumchloride))、吡喃鎓氯盐(pyranium chloride)(例如:烷基吡喃鎓氯盐(alkylpyraniumchloride))、吡嗪鎓氯盐(pyrazinium chloride)(例如:烷基吡嗪鎓氯盐(alkylpyrazinium chloride))、吡唑鎓氯盐(pyrazolium chloride)(例如:烷基吡唑鎓氯盐(alkylpyrazolium chloride))、哒嗪鎓氯盐(pyridazinium chloride)(例如:烷基哒嗪鎓氯盐(alkylpyridazinium chloride))、吡啶鎓氯盐(pyridinium chloride)(例如:烷基吡啶鎓氯盐(alkylpyridinium chloride))、嘧啶鎓氯盐(pyrimidinium chloride)(例如:烷基嘧啶鎓氯盐(alkylpyrimidinium chloride))、吡咯烷鎓氯盐(pyrrolidiniumchloride)(例如:烷基吡咯烷鎓氯盐(alkylpyrrolidinium chloride))、吡咯鎓氯盐(pyrrolium chloride)(例如:烷基吡咯鎓氯盐(alkylpyrrolium chloride))、喹唑啉鎓氯盐(quinazolinium chloride)(例如:烷基喹唑啉鎓氯盐(alkylquinazoliniumchloride))、喹啉鎓氯盐(quinolinium chloride)(例如:烷基喹啉鎓氯盐(alkylquinolinium chloride))、异喹啉鎓氯盐(iso-quinolinium chloride)(例如:烷基异喹啉鎓氯盐(iso-alkylquinolinium chloride))、喹喔啉鎓氯盐(quinoxaliniumchloride)(例如:烷基喹喔啉鎓氯盐(alkylquinoxalinium chloride))、硒唑鎓氯盐(selenozolium chloride)(例如:烷基硒唑鎓氯盐(alkylselenozolium chloride))、硫鎓氯盐(sulfonium chloride)(例如:烷基硫鎓氯盐(alkylsulfonium chloride))、四唑鎓氯盐(tetrazolium chloride)(例如:烷基四唑鎓氯盐(alkyltetrazolium chloride))、异噻二唑鎓氯盐(iso-thiadiazolium chloride)(例如:烷基异噻二唑鎓氯盐(iso-alkylthiadiazolium chloride))、噻嗪鎓氯盐(thiazinium chloride)(例如:烷基噻嗪鎓氯盐(alkylthiazinium chloride))、噻唑鎓氯盐(thiazolium chloride)(例如:烷基噻唑鎓氯盐(alkylthiazolium chloride))、噻吩鎓氯盐(thiophenium chloride)(例如:烷基噻吩鎓氯盐(alkylthiophenium chloride))、硫脲鎓氯盐(thiuronium chloride)(例如:烷基硫脲鎓氯盐(alkylthiuronium chloride))、三氮杂癸烯鎓氯盐(triazadeceniumchloride)(例如:烷基三氮杂癸烯鎓氯盐(alkyltriazadecenium chloride))、三嗪鎓氯盐(triazinium chloride)(例如:烷基三嗪鎓氯盐(alkyltriazinium chloride))、三唑鎓氯盐(triazolium chloride)(例如:烷基三唑鎓氯盐(alkyltriazolium chloride))、异三唑鎓氯盐(iso-triazolium chloride)(例如:烷基异三唑鎓氯盐(iso-alkyltriazoliumchloride))、或脲鎓氯盐(uronium chloride)(例如:烷基脲鎓氯盐(alkyluroniumchloride))。、或上述的组合。
根据本发明某些实施例,该含氯离子液体是甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(methylimidazoliumchloride)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)、胆碱氯盐(choliniumchloride)、或上述的组合。
根据本发明实施例,该金属氯化物与该含氯离子液体的摩尔比至少为或大于约1.1、或至少为或大于约1.2,例如介于约1.1至2.05之间。举例来说,该金属氯化物与该含氯离子液体的摩尔比可约为1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9、或2.0。根据本发明实施例,该添加剂的含量可为1wt%至10wt%,以该金属氯化物和该含氯离子液体的总重为基准。若该添加剂的含量过低,则无法有效降低该电解质组合物的吸湿性、且无法有效增加电解质组合物的抗水解能力,导致金属离子电池对于环境水氧的耐受性降低。若该添加剂的含量过高,则该电解质组合物的粘滞性(viscosity)增加,导致电解质组合物不易进入层状活性材料中,降低金属离子电池总发电量。
根据本发明实施例,本发明亦提供一种金属离子电池。请参照图1,其为本发明一实施例所述金属离子电池100的示意图。金属离子电池100可包含一正极10、一负极12、及一隔离膜14,其中该隔离膜14可设置于该正极10及该负极12之间,以使得该负极以该隔离膜14与该正极相隔,避免该正极10与该负极12直接接触。该金属离子电池100包含上述电解质组合物20设置于该金属离子电池100内,并位于该正极与该负极之间,使得电解质组合物20与该正极10及负极12接触。该金属离子电池100可为充电式的二次电池,但本发明亦涵盖一次电池。
根据本发明实施例,该正极10可包含一集电层11及一活性材料13设置于该集电层11之上。根据本发明实施例,该正极10亦可由该集电层11及活性材料13所构成。根据本发明实施例,该集电层11可为导电性碳基材,例如碳布、碳毡、碳纸。该集电层11亦可为金属材质如铝、镍、铜等金属。此外,该集电层11可为碳材与金属的复合层。举例来说,该导电性碳基材可具有片电阻介于约1mΩ·cm-2至6mΩ·cm-2之间、以及含碳量大于65wt%。该活性材料13可为具层状结构的碳材、钒系氧化物、金属硫化物、或上述材料的团聚物。根据本发明实施例,该具层状结构的碳材是石墨、纳米碳管、石墨烯、或上述的组合。
根据本发明实施例,该具层状结构的碳材可为插层碳材,例如:石墨(包含天然石墨、人工石墨、热解石墨、发泡石墨、鳞片石墨、或膨胀石墨)、石墨烯、纳米碳管或上述材料的组合。根据本发明实施例,该活性材料13可具有一孔隙度介于约0.05至0.95之间,例如介于约0.3至0.9之间。此外,根据本发明实施例,该活性材料13可直接成长于该集电层11之上(即两者之间没有任何介质),或是利用粘着剂将该活性材料13固定于该集电层11上。
根据本发明实施例,该隔离膜14的材质可为玻璃纤维、聚乙烯(polyethylene、PE)、聚丙烯(Polypropylene、PP)、无纺布、木质纤维、聚醚砜树脂(Poly(ether sulfones)、PES)、陶瓷纤维等或上述的组合。
根据本发明实施例,该负极12为一金属或含金属的合金。根据本发明实施例,该金属可为铜、铁、铟、镍、锡、铬、钇、钛、锰、或钼。此外,该负极12可更包含一集电层(未绘示),而该金属或含金属的合金是配置于该集电层上。根据本发明实施例,该金属或含金属的合金可直接成长于该集电层之上(即两者之间没有任何介质),或是利用粘着剂将该金属或含该金属的合金固定于该集电层上。根据本发明实施例,该金属可为还原电位小于铝的金属,以改善金属离子电池负极腐蚀的问题。
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举数实施例及比较实施例,作详细说明如下:
电解质组合物的制备
实施例1
将1.4mole的氯化铝与1.0mole的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)于大气下混合,由于样品具备室温共熔性质,因此可由固相转为液相。接着,加入1wt%的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate、[EMI+][OTf-])(以该氯化铝及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐的总重为基准)。持续搅拌12小时后,得到电解质组合物(1)。
实施例2
将1.4mole的氯化铝与1.0mole的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)于大气下混合,由于样品具备室温共熔性质,因此可由固相转为液相。接着,加入10wt%的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate、[EMI+][OTf-])(以该氯化铝及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐的总重为基准)。持续搅拌12小时后,得到电解质组合物(2)。
实施例3
将1.4mole的氯化铝与1.0mole的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)于大气下混合,由于样品具备室温共熔性质,因此可由固相转为液相。接着,加入1wt%的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide、[EMI+][TFSI-])(以该氯化铝及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐的总重为基准)。持续搅拌12小时后,得到电解质组合物(3)。
实施例4
将1.4mole的氯化铝与1.0mole的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)于大气下混合,由于样品具备室温共熔性质,因此可由固相转为液相。接着,加入10wt%的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide、[EMI+][TFSI-])(以该氯化铝及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐的总重为基准)。持续搅拌12小时后,得到电解质组合物(4)。
比较例1
将1.4mole的氯化铝与1.0mole的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)于大气下混合,但不添加本发明所述的添加剂。持续搅拌12小时后,得到电解质组合物(5)。
耐水氧实验
分别将电解质组合物(1)至(5),置入相对湿度60%、环境温度25℃的恒温恒湿箱中,并于第5、10、20、30分钟时,以卡尔费雪(Karl Fischer)水份仪量测电解质组合物(1)至(5)其含水率变化,结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1可得知,与单纯由氯化铝与1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐所组成的电解质组合物(5)相比,本发明所述的电解质组合物(1)至(4),由于进一步加入1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐或1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺,可降低电解质组合物的吸湿性,因此可观察到含水率下降。此外,由表1可得知,增加1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐、或1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺的添加量,可改善电解质组合物的吸湿性。
金属离子电池
比较例2
将比较例1所制备的电解质组合物(5)置入相对湿度60%、环境温度25℃的恒温恒湿箱中,并静置30分钟。接着,提供一厚度为0.025mm的铝箔(由阿法埃莎(Alfa Aesar)制造),对其进行裁切,得到铝电极。接着,提供隔离膜(玻璃滤纸(6层1/2吋)、商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)934-AH)及一石墨电极(包含一活性材质配置于一集电基板上,其中该集电基板为碳纤维纸、活性材质为石墨),并按照铝电极、隔离膜、及石墨电极的顺序排列。接着,并以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解质组合物(5),得到金属离子电池(1)。
接着,使用MTI电池分析器(BST8-WA,Richmond)以500mAg-1电流对金属离子电池(1)进行活化30圈,待放电容量输出趋稳,再改以1000mAg-1电流作充放电测试。图2显示金属离子电池(1)于1000mAg-1下充放电电压与时间的关系(前五次充放电循环)。由图2可得知,由于电解质组合物(5)内含水量较大,因此金属离子电池(1)受水影响,于第一次充放电循环时需长达45分钟始可充至目标电压2.45V。图3显示金属离子电池(1)于1000mAg-1下充放电容量维持率。由图3可得知,由于电解质组合物(5)内含水量较大,金属离子电池(1)电池充放电性能差且放电容量极低(<1mAhg-1),无法达到使用除水电解质(含水量小于300ppm的电解质组合物(5))的电池性能表现。
实施例5
将实施例1所制备的电解质组合物(1)置入相对湿度60%、环境温度25℃的恒温恒湿箱中,并静置30分钟。接着,提供一厚度为0.025mm的铝箔(由阿法埃莎(Alfa Aesar)制造),对其进行裁切,得到铝电极。接着,提供隔离膜(玻璃滤纸(6层1/2吋)、商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)934-AH)及一石墨电极(包含一活性材质配置于一集电基板上,其中该集电基板为碳纤维纸、活性材质为石墨),并按照铝电极、隔离膜、及石墨电极的顺序排列。接着,并以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解质组合物(1),得到金属离子电池(2)。
接着,使用MTI电池分析器(BST8-WA,Richmond)以500mAg-1电流对金属离子电池(2)进行活化30圈,待放电容量输出趋稳,再改以1000mAg-1电流作充放电测试。图4显示金属离子电池(2)于1000mAg-1下充放电电压与时间的关系(前五次充放电循环)。由图4可得知,金属离子电池(2)于第一次充放电循环时需15分钟即可充至目标电压2.45V,与比较例1相比,充电时间缩短30分钟。图5显示金属离子电池(2)于1000mAg-1下充放电容量维持率。由图5可得知,由于电解质组合物(1)内添加1wt%的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate、[EMI+][OTf-]),可降低电解质组合物(1)的吸湿性,使得金属离子电池(2)正常运作。由图5可得知,金属离子电池(2)的放电容量约83mAhg-1、以及循环寿命大于400圈。
实施例6
将实施例2所制备的电解质组合物(2)置入相对湿度60%、环境温度25℃的恒温恒湿箱中,并静置30分钟。接着,提供一厚度为0.025mm的铝箔(由阿法埃莎(Alfa Aesar)制造),对其进行裁切,得到铝电极。接着,提供隔离膜(玻璃滤纸(6层1/2吋)、商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)934-AH)及一石墨电极(包含一活性材质配置于一集电基板上,其中该集电基板为碳纤维纸、活性材质为石墨),并按照铝电极、隔离膜、及石墨电极的顺序排列。接着,并以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解质组合物(2),得到金属离子电池(3)。
接着,使用MTI电池分析器(BST8-WA,Richmond)以500mAg-1电流对金属离子电池(3)进行活化30圈,待放电容量输出趋稳,再改以1000mAg-1电流作充放电测试。图6显示金属离子电池(3)于1000mAg-1下充放电电压与时间的关系(前五次充放电循环)。由图6可得知,金属离子电池(3)于第一次充放电循环时几乎不受水份影响充电行为。图7显示金属离子电池(3)于1000mAg-1下充放电容量维持率。由图7可得知,金属离子电池(3)的放电容量约45mAhg-1、以及循环寿命大于6000圈。
实施例7
将实施例3所制备的电解质组合物(3)置入相对湿度60%、环境温度25℃的恒温恒湿箱中,并静置30分钟。接着,提供一厚度为0.025mm的铝箔(由阿法埃莎(Alfa Aesar)制造),对其进行裁切,得到铝电极。接着,提供隔离膜(玻璃滤纸(6层1/2吋)、商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)934-AH)及一石墨电极(包含一活性材质配置于一集电基板上,其中该集电基板为碳纤维纸、活性材质为石墨),并按照铝电极、隔离膜、及石墨电极的顺序排列。接着,并以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解质组合物(3),得到金属离子电池(4)。
接着,使用MTI电池分析器(BST8-WA,Richmond)以500mAg-1电流对金属离子电池(4)进行活化30圈,待放电容量输出趋稳,再改以1000mAg-1电流作充放电测试。图8显示金属离子电池(4)于1000mAg-1下充放电电压与时间的关系(前五次充放电循环)。由图8可得知,金属离子电池(4)于第一次充放电循环时需9分钟即可充至目标电压2.45V,与比较例1相比,充电时间缩短36分钟。图9显示金属离子电池(4)于1000mAg-1下充放电容量维持率。由图9可得知,金属离子电池(4)的放电容量约80mAhg-1、以及循环寿命大于60圈。
实施例8
将实施例4所制备的电解质组合物(4)置入相对湿度60%、环境温度25℃的恒温恒湿箱中,并静置30分钟。接着,提供一厚度为0.025mm的铝箔(由阿法埃莎(Alfa Aesar)制造),对其进行裁切,得到铝电极。接着,提供隔离膜(玻璃滤纸(6层1/2吋)、商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)934-AH)及一石墨电极(包含一活性材质配置于一集电基板上,其中该集电基板为碳纤维纸、活性材质为石墨),并按照铝电极、隔离膜、及石墨电极的顺序排列。接着,并以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解质组合物(4),得到金属离子电池(5)。
接着,使用MTI电池分析器(BST8-WA,Richmond)以500mAg-1电流对金属离子电池(5)进行活化30圈,待放电容量输出趋稳,再改以1000mAg-1电流作充放电测试。图10显示金属离子电池(5)于1000mAg-1下充放电电压与时间的关系(前五次充放电循环)。由图10可得知,金属离子电池(5)于第一次充放电循环时需9分钟即可充至目标电压2.45V。图11显示金属离子电池(5)于1000mAg-1下充放电容量维持率。由图11可得知,金属离子电池(5)的放电容量约45mAhg-1、以及循环寿命大于2500圈。
综合上述,由于本发明所述电解质组合物除了金属氯化物及含氯离子液体外,更包含一具有特定含量的添加剂,可降低电解质组合物的吸湿性以及增加电解质组合物的抗水解能力,达到改善金属离子电池对于环境水氧的耐受性,并改善金属离子电池的稳定性及延长金属离子电池的循环寿命。
虽然本发明已以数个实施例发明如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本技术领域中具有通常知识者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作任意的更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当视后附的申请专利范围所界定者为准。
Claims (18)
1.一种电解质组合物,包含:
金属氯化物;
含氯离子液体;以及
添加剂,其中该添加剂是具有公式(I)所示结构的化合物:
[M]i[(A(SO2CxF2x+1)y)b-]j 公式(I)
其中M是铵阳离子、氮杂轮烯鎓阳离子、氮杂噻唑鎓阳离子、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子、苯并呋喃鎓阳离子、苯并三唑鎓阳离子、硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子、胆碱阳离子、噌啉鎓阳离子、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓阳离子、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓阳离子、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓阳离子、二噻唑鎓阳离子、呋喃鎓阳离子、胍鎓阳离子、咪唑鎓阳离子、吲唑鎓阳离子、二氢吲哚鎓阳离子、吲哚鎓阳离子、吗啉鎓阳离子、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓阳离子、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子、恶嗪鎓阳离子、恶唑鎓阳离子、异恶唑鎓阳离子、恶噻唑鎓阳离子、五唑鎓阳离子、磷杂环戊烯鎓阳离子、磷鎓阳离子、酞嗪鎓阳离子、哌嗪鎓阳离子、哌啶鎓阳离子、吡喃鎓阳离子、吡嗪鎓阳离子、吡唑鎓阳离子、哒嗪鎓阳离子、吡啶鎓阳离子、嘧啶鎓阳离子、吡咯烷鎓阳离子、吡咯鎓阳离子、喹唑啉鎓阳离子、喹啉鎓阳离子、异喹啉鎓阳离子、喹喔啉鎓阳离子、硒唑鎓阳离子、硫鎓阳离子、四唑鎓阳离子、异噻二唑鎓阳离子、噻嗪鎓阳离子、噻唑鎓阳离子、噻吩鎓阳离子、硫脲鎓阳离子、三氮杂癸烯鎓阳离子、三嗪鎓阳离子、三唑鎓阳离子、异三唑鎓阳离子或脲鎓阳离子,其中M的价数是a;a是1、2、或3;A是氮、氧、硅、或碳;x是1、2、3、4、5、或6;y是1、2、或3;b是1、2、或3;i是1、2、或3;j是1、2、或3;a/b=j/i;以及,当y是2、或3时,(SO2CxF2x+1)基团是相同或不同。
2.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该金属氯化物是氯化铝、氯化铁、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化锰、氯化铬、或上述的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该含氯离子液体包含铵氯盐、氮杂轮烯鎓氯盐、氮杂噻唑鎓氯盐、苯并咪唑鎓氯盐、苯并呋喃鎓氯盐、苯并三唑鎓氯盐、硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐、胆碱氯盐、噌啉鎓氯盐、二氮杂二环癸烯鎓氯盐、二氮杂二环壬烯鎓氯盐、二氮杂二环十一碳烯鎓氯盐、二噻唑鎓氯盐、呋喃鎓氯盐、胍鎓氯盐、咪唑鎓氯盐、吲唑鎓氯盐、二氢吲哚鎓氯盐、吲哚鎓氯盐、吗啉鎓氯盐、氧硼杂环戊烯鎓氯盐、氧磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐、恶嗪鎓氯盐、恶唑鎓氯盐、异恶唑鎓氯盐、恶噻唑鎓氯盐、五唑鎓氯盐、磷杂环戊烯鎓氯盐、磷鎓氯盐、酞嗪鎓氯盐、哌嗪鎓氯盐、哌啶鎓氯盐、吡喃鎓氯盐、吡嗪鎓氯盐、吡唑鎓氯盐、哒嗪鎓氯盐、吡啶鎓氯盐、嘧啶鎓氯盐、吡咯烷鎓氯盐、吡咯鎓氯盐、喹唑啉鎓氯盐、喹啉鎓氯盐、异喹啉鎓氯盐、喹喔啉鎓氯盐、硒唑鎓氯盐、硫鎓氯盐、四唑鎓氯盐、异噻二唑鎓氯盐、噻嗪鎓氯盐、噻唑鎓氯盐、噻吩鎓氯盐、硫脲鎓氯盐、三氮杂癸烯鎓氯盐、三嗪鎓氯盐、三唑鎓氯盐、异三唑鎓氯盐、或脲鎓氯盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该含氯离子液体包含甲基咪唑鎓氯盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯盐、胆碱氯盐、或上述的组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该金属氯化物与该含氯离子液体的摩尔比是1.1至2.05。
6.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该添加剂的含量是1至10wt%,以该金属氯化物和该含氯离子液体的总重为基准。
7.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该添加剂是1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐。
8.如权利要求1所述的电解质组合物,其中该添加剂是1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑-双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺。
9.一种金属离子电池,包含:
正极;
隔离膜;
负极,其中该负极以隔离膜与该正极相隔;以及
权利要求1-8所述的电解质组合物,设置于该正极与该负极之间。
10.如权利要求9所述的金属离子电池,其中该正极由集电层及活性材料所构成。
11.如权利要求10所述的金属离子电池,其中该集电层是导电性碳基材。
12.如权利要求11所述的金属离子电池,其中该导电性碳基材是碳布、碳毡、或碳纸。
13.如权利要求10所述的金属离子电池,其中该活性材料是具层状结构的碳材、钒是氧化物、或金属硫化物。
14.如权利要求13所述的金属离子电池,其中该具层状结构的碳材是石墨、纳米碳管、石墨烯、或上述的组合。
15.如权利要求14所述的金属离子电池,其中该石墨是天然石墨、人工石墨、热解石墨、发泡石墨、鳞片石墨、膨胀石墨、或上述材料的组合。
16.如权利要求9所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极包含金属或其合金、集电层、或其组合。
17.如权利要求16所述的金属离子电池,其中该金属或其合金包含铜、铁、铝、锌、铟、镍、锡、铬、钇、钛、锰、或钼。
18.如权利要求9所述的金属离子电池,该隔离膜是玻璃纤维、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、无纺布、木质纤维、聚醚砜树脂、陶瓷纤维、或上述的组合。
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