CN107505631B - Double-reference-station type GNSS control network measurement method - Google Patents
Double-reference-station type GNSS control network measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505631B CN107505631B CN201710589513.4A CN201710589513A CN107505631B CN 107505631 B CN107505631 B CN 107505631B CN 201710589513 A CN201710589513 A CN 201710589513A CN 107505631 B CN107505631 B CN 107505631B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method, which comprises the following steps: step S1, selecting two known control points with the farthest distance from all the control points of the tested control network as reference stations, calling the control points except the reference stations as non-reference stations, and attributing the non-reference stations between two adjacent reference stations to a measuring section; step S2, taking the two GNSS receivers as reference station receivers, and calling the GNSS receivers except the reference station receivers as movable receivers to measure the measurement sections of the controlled network one by one until all the measurement sections of the controlled network are measured; when any measurement section is measured, all GNSS receivers are used for measuring the measurement section in a plurality of observation periods until all non-reference stations belonging to the measurement section complete measurement. The invention can improve the measurement efficiency and the maneuverability of the control network on the basis of ensuring the measurement reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method, belonging to an engineering survey control network observation method.
Background
The control measurement work is the fundamental work in various engineering measurements. The control measurements are classified according to their methods of measurement and may be classified into triangulation networks, wire networks, GNSS networks, and the like. The GNSS (global navigation satellite system) control measurement method has the advantages of all weather, high precision, globality, no need of communication between points and the like, and is widely applied to control measurement of various engineering projects.
In the GNSS control measurement process, the optimization design of the control network is an extremely important task. The good optimization design scheme can ensure that the whole control network has high precision and strong reliability, and achieves the effects of saving manpower, material resources and time and having optimal expenditure and efficiency in the testing process.
The traditional control network actual measurement scheme mostly uses a synchronous expansion type network distribution mode. According to the general trend of a survey area or the sequence of control point distribution, a plurality of receivers carry out synchronous observation on different survey stations, after the synchronous observation of a period of time is finished, the receivers are transferred to other survey stations to carry out synchronous observation, each synchronous observation can form a synchronous graph, in the measurement process, different synchronous graphs are generally connected with each other through a plurality of common points, and the whole GNSS network is composed of the synchronous graphs. The net distribution mode is carried out in a step-by-step push mode, the design method is simple, the maneuverability is poor in the measurement process, all control points are measured one by one according to the sequence, time consumption is high in some engineering projects, personnel investment is large, and the situation that errors are accumulated in a certain area is large can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a double-reference-station type GNSS control network measuring method is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method is implemented by a plurality of GNSS receivers and is characterized in that:
the double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting two known control points with the farthest distance from all the control points of the tested control network as reference stations, calling the control points except the reference stations as non-reference stations, and attributing the non-reference stations between two adjacent reference stations to a measuring section;
step S2, taking the two GNSS receivers as reference station receivers, and calling the GNSS receivers except the reference station receivers as movable receivers to measure the measurement sections of the controlled network one by one until all the measurement sections of the controlled network are measured;
when any one measurement section is measured, all the GNSS receivers are used for measuring the measurement section in a plurality of observation periods until all non-reference stations belonging to the measurement section complete measurement, wherein the two reference station receivers are respectively erected on the two reference stations corresponding to the measurement section in the measurement process of the measurement section, each movable receiver is respectively erected on one non-reference station belonging to the measurement section in each observation period, and the two reference station receivers and each movable receiver perform synchronous observation in each observation period.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
the step S1 further includes: selecting at least one first-level point from all control points of the tested control network as the reference station;
in step S2, the two preceding and succeeding measurement zones have a common reference station; when any two of the previous and subsequent measurement sections are measured, one of the non-reference stations in the last observation period of the previous measurement section is the same as one of the non-reference stations in the first observation period of the subsequent measurement section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: and the distance between any two adjacent reference stations is within a preset reference station distance threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, measuring any one measuring section of a controlled network to be measured in a plurality of observation time intervals;
because in the whole measurement process of a measurement section, two reference station receivers are respectively erected at two reference stations corresponding to the measurement section and are not moved, a common baseline edge (namely a connection line of the two reference station receivers) is provided for the measurement of the GNSS receivers in the measurement section, so that a closed figure formed by the mutual connection lines of the GNSS receivers in each observation period, namely a synchronization ring, has a common baseline edge, namely: the measurements of the GNSS receiver at each observation period of the measurement segment are correlated by the common baseline edge; therefore, the measurement reliability of the GNSS receiver to the measurement section is ensured, and the two reference station receivers do not need to move in the whole measurement process of the whole measurement section, so that the scheduling time is saved, and the measurement efficiency of the control network is improved;
and because in the whole measuring process of a measuring section, each mobile receiver can be randomly adjusted in each observation period, namely: the sequence of the positions of the non-reference stations erected by the movable receivers can be determined according to different requirements, the number of observation time intervals separated by the measurement section can be determined according to different requirements, and the number of the movable receivers adopted in any one observation time interval can also be determined according to different requirements; therefore, the maneuverability of the measurement of the control network is greatly improved;
therefore, the invention can improve the measurement efficiency and the maneuverability of the control network on the basis of ensuring the measurement reliability.
Secondly, the invention can only use two known control points which are farthest away from each other in the tested control network as reference stations, so that the tested control network is integrally used as a measurement section, and because the two reference station receivers are arranged at the two known control points, a known common baseline edge with the largest length is provided for the measurement of the GNSS receiver in the measurement section, therefore, in the later baseline settlement process of the measurement of the tested control network, the measurement error of each observation period can be uniformly distributed through the common baseline edge, and the condition that the measurement error of the middle position is large because the measurement error is transmitted from two ends to the middle in the prior art is prevented.
Thirdly, two known control points with the farthest distance in the controlled network to be measured and at least one first-level point can be used as reference sites, so that the controlled network to be measured is divided into at least two measuring sections, and the measuring of the controlled network to be measured is realized in a mode of measuring the control network one by one; when the front and rear measuring sections are transited, the front and rear measuring sections have a common reference station, and one of the non-reference stations in the last observation period of the front measuring section is the same as one of the non-reference stations in the first observation period of the rear measuring section, so that a connecting line between the common reference station and the same non-reference station can be used as a common baseline edge of the transition process of the front and rear measuring sections, that is: the GNSS receiver is used for carrying out correlation on the measurement of the whole measured control network through the common baseline edge of each measurement section and the common baseline edges of the transition processes of the front measurement section and the rear measurement section; therefore, the measurement reliability of the GNSS receiver on the whole measured control network is ensured, and the measurement accuracy of the measured control network with large measurement area span can be improved by the method.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a GNSS receiver installation location during one of observation periods in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a GNSS receiver installation location during a second observation period in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a GNSS receiver installation location during a third observation period in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a GNSS receiver installation location during one of the observation periods in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a GNSS receiver installation location during a second observation period according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method, which is implemented by a plurality of GNSS receivers, and has the following inventive concept:
the double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting two known control points with the farthest distance from all the control points of the tested control network as reference stations, calling the control points except the reference stations as non-reference stations, and attributing the non-reference stations between two adjacent reference stations to a measuring section; because two known control points which are farthest away in the control net are necessarily located at the edge position of the control net, the rest control points of the control net are necessarily located between the two known control points; each non-reference site should belong to only one measurement zone, and the way of belonging the non-reference site to the measurement zone may be various, for example: whether the non-reference station belongs to the measurement section corresponding to the two adjacent reference stations or not can be judged by judging whether the vertical projection of the non-reference station is on the connecting line or the connecting line extension line of the two adjacent reference stations, and the judgment can also be carried out in a mode of setting a distance threshold.
And step S2, taking the two GNSS receivers as reference station receivers, and calling the GNSS receivers except the reference station receivers as movable receivers to measure the measurement sections of the controlled network one by one until all the measurement sections of the controlled network are measured.
When any measurement section is measured, all GNSS receivers are used for measuring the measurement section in a plurality of observation periods until all non-reference stations belonging to the measurement section complete measurement, wherein the two reference station receivers are respectively fixedly arranged on two reference stations corresponding to the measurement section in the measurement process of the measurement section, each movable receiver is respectively arranged on one non-reference station belonging to the measurement section in each observation period, and the two reference station receivers and each movable receiver perform synchronous observation in each observation period. Namely: after an observation period is finished, the receivers of the two reference stations are kept still, and each movable receiver is moved to other non-reference stations to continue measurement until all the non-reference stations belonging to the measurement section finish measurement.
The inventive concept described above is specifically illustrated below by means of two embodiments:
example one
The first embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the situation that the distance span of the measurement area of the controlled network to be measured is not long or the first-level control is performed, and the first embodiment of the present invention directly adopts the steps described in the above inventive concept, that is: the measured control network of the first embodiment of the invention only comprises two reference stations and one measuring section.
The following illustrates a specific implementation process of the first embodiment of the present invention:
examples are: the tested control network comprises 11 control points, wherein the control point 1 and the control point 11 are two known control points which are farthest away from each other, and the control points 2 to 10 are unknown control points. Thus, control point 1 and control point 11 are selected as reference station 1 and reference station 11, and control points 2 to 10 are non-reference stations 2 to 10.
The first embodiment of the present invention is implemented by 5 GNSS receivers, wherein 2 GNSS receivers are reference station receivers, and 3 GNSS receivers are mobile receivers.
Firstly, as shown in fig. 1, 2 reference station receivers are erected at a reference station 1 and a reference station 11, respectively, 3 mobile receivers are erected at a non-reference station 2, a non-reference station 3 and a non-reference station 5, respectively, and after the erection is completed, the 5 GNSS receivers perform synchronous observation within the time of a first observation period.
After the first observation period, as shown in fig. 2, 2 reference station receivers are kept stationary at the reference station 1 and the reference station 11, and 3 mobile receivers are moved to the non-reference station 4, the non-reference station 6, and the non-reference station 7, respectively, and after the completion of the movement, the 5 GNSS receivers perform synchronous observation within the time of the second observation period.
Finally, after the second observation period, as shown in fig. 3, 2 reference station receivers are kept stationary while being erected at the reference station 1 and the reference station 11, and 3 mobile receivers are respectively moved and erected at the non-reference station 8, the non-reference station 9, and the non-reference station 10, and after the erection is completed, the 5 GNSS receivers perform synchronous observation within the time of the third observation period.
The connecting line between the reference station 1 and the reference station 11 is the common baseline side of the three observation periods.
Example two
The second embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the situation that the span of the measurement area of the controlled network to be measured is large or the first-level control measurement and the encryption control measurement are synchronously performed, and the second embodiment of the present invention is based on the above inventive concept and adopts the following preferred measures:
step S1 further includes: selecting at least one first-level point from all control points of the tested control network as a reference station;
in step S2, the front and rear two measurement zones have a common reference station; when any two measurement sections before and after are measured, one of the non-reference stations in the last observation period of the previous measurement section is the same as one of the non-reference stations in the first observation period of the next measurement section.
The following illustrates a specific implementation process of the second embodiment of the present invention:
examples are: the tested control network comprises 21 control points, wherein the control point 1 and the control point 21 are two known control points which are farthest away from each other, the control points 2 to 20 are unknown control points, and the control point 11 is a head-level point. Thus, control point 1, control point 11, and control point 21 are selected as reference station 1, reference station 11, and reference station 21, and control points 2 through 10 and 12 through 20 are non-reference stations 2 through 10 and non-reference stations 12 through 20; non-reference stations 2 through 10 belong to a first measurement zone and non-reference stations 12 through 20 belong to a second measurement zone.
The second embodiment of the invention is implemented by 5 GNSS receivers, wherein 2 GNSS receivers are reference station receivers, and 3 GNSS receivers are movable receivers.
First, a first measurement section is measured, that is, the reference station 1, the reference station 11, and the non-reference station 2 to the non-reference station 10 are measured, and the measurement process is the same as the measurement process in the example of the above embodiment, and is not described again here.
Then, as shown in fig. 4, in the last observation period of the previous measurement section, i.e., the first measurement section, 3 mobile receivers are respectively erected at the non-reference station 8, the non-reference station 9, and the non-reference station 10; therefore, the latter measurement section, i.e., the second measurement section, is required to have a common reference station with the first measurement section, and in this example, the common reference station is determined as the reference station 11, so that, as shown in fig. 5, the reference station receiver installed at the reference station 11 is kept stationary, and the reference station receiver installed at the reference station 1 is moved to be installed at the reference station 21. In addition, in the first observation period of the second measurement section which is the subsequent measurement section, it is required that any one of the 3 mobile receivers is kept in the original position, and in this example, the mobile receiver mounted at the non-reference station 8 is kept in the original position, so that the two mobile receivers mounted at the non-reference station 9 and the non-reference station 10 in the first measurement section are moved to be mounted at the non-reference station 12 and the non-reference station 13, respectively, as shown in fig. 5. After the setup is completed, 5 GNSS receivers perform synchronous observations during the time of the first observation period of the second measurement section.
Finally, referring to the implementation procedure in the above example of the embodiment, the 3 mobile receivers are continuously moved from the non-reference station 14 to the non-reference station 20, and synchronous observation is performed, so that the measurement of the second measurement section can be completed.
The connection line between the reference station 1 and the reference station 11 is the common baseline side of the first measurement section, and the connection line between the reference station 11 and the reference station 21 is the common baseline side of the second measurement section.
The second embodiment of the present invention can be used in construction projects with long survey area span. When some measurement area measurement schemes are stable, the two schemes of the embodiment can be adopted to perform synchronous measurement of the first-level control measurement and the encryption control measurement. Because the observation time requirements of the first-level point and the encryption point are different, the first-level point can be set as a reference station, and control measurement adjustment of different levels is performed according to the requirements during the interior work processing. Therefore, repeated observation caused by respectively deploying and controlling the first-level control measurement and the encryption control measurement can be avoided, and the control measurement and measurement efficiency of the whole project is improved.
In addition, in the first and second embodiments, the distance between any two adjacent reference stations is preferably within a preset reference station distance threshold; the reference station distance threshold value is an empirical value determined according to a specific application scene, and the larger the value of the reference station distance threshold value is, the poorer the measurement accuracy of the double-reference station type GNSS control network measurement method is, and the value is generally 20 km.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other equivalent modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the basic technical concept of the invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field. For example, in the first embodiment, the installation positions of the 3 mobile receivers in the three observation periods may also be in other manners, so long as it is ensured that at least one observation period is installed in each non-reference station, and even the observation periods may be four or more.
Claims (3)
1. A double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method is implemented by a plurality of GNSS receivers and is characterized in that:
the double-reference station type GNSS control network measuring method comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting two known control points with the farthest distance from all the control points of the tested control network as reference stations, calling the control points except the reference stations as non-reference stations, and attributing the non-reference stations between two adjacent reference stations to a measuring section;
step S2, taking the two GNSS receivers as reference station receivers, and calling the GNSS receivers except the reference station receivers as movable receivers to measure the measurement sections of the controlled network one by one until all the measurement sections of the controlled network are measured;
when any one measurement section is measured, all the GNSS receivers are used for measuring the measurement section in a plurality of observation periods until all non-reference stations belonging to the measurement section complete measurement, wherein the two reference station receivers are respectively erected on the two reference stations corresponding to the measurement section in the measurement process of the measurement section, each movable receiver is respectively erected on one non-reference station belonging to the measurement section in each observation period, and the two reference station receivers and each movable receiver perform synchronous observation in each observation period.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
the step S1 further includes: selecting at least one first-level point from all control points of the tested control network as the reference station;
in step S2, the two preceding and succeeding measurement zones have a common reference station; when any two of the previous and subsequent measurement sections are measured, one of the non-reference stations in the last observation period of the previous measurement section is the same as one of the non-reference stations in the first observation period of the subsequent measurement section.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises: and the distance between any two adjacent reference stations is within a preset reference station distance threshold value.
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| CN108444432B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-02-21 | 北京交通大学 | Existing railway line control network and track line shape synchronous measurement method |
| CN109459765B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-09-01 | 中铁二局集团有限公司 | High-precision tunnel independent control network establishment method based on existing GNSS control network |
| CN115098981B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-03-24 | 北京讯腾智慧科技股份有限公司 | Network type evaluation method and network type design method and system for reference station |
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