CN107505553A - A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107505553A CN107505553A CN201710757248.6A CN201710757248A CN107505553A CN 107505553 A CN107505553 A CN 107505553A CN 201710757248 A CN201710757248 A CN 201710757248A CN 107505553 A CN107505553 A CN 107505553A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- power
- voltage
- frequency
- resistance
- experimental rig
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/28—Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/36—Overload-protection arrangements or circuits for electric measuring instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/003—Environmental or reliability tests
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig provided by the invention and its application method, wherein described device include：For line voltage to be converted to the power transformer of power-frequency voltage, the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of power transformer uses insulating varnished silk, and interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag lenticular wire；The impulse voltage generator that the capacitance of charging capacitor is 0.05 μ F, the resistance of wave front resistance is 80 Ω and the resistance of wave terminal resistance is 2100 Ω；Output end after impulse voltage generator is connected with impact side protection circuit is in parallel with test product to be measured；Output end after power transformer is in parallel with power frequency side protection circuit is in parallel with test product to be measured；And control measuring circuit, for judging whether that triggering produces surge voltage according to the phase of power-frequency voltage.The present invention can preferably simulate arrester and the situation of lightning wave is met with hanging net operation, and can bear higher over-voltage and over-current, on the premise of high reliability is ensured, it is not necessary to excessive protection circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrical engineering technical field, more particularly, to a kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its use
Method.
Background technology
Thunder-strike phenomenon is widely present in power system, and according to statistics, 70% power failure trip accident is in power system
As caused by thunder and lightning.Zinc-Oxide Arrester is arranged in power system, for dredging lightning current, suppresses the width of Lightning Over-voltage
Value.With the continuous development of power system, power consumer proposes higher requirement to the reliability and stability of power equipment,
Therefore, it is necessary to test the arrester in power system, with assess its stability under lightning surge effect and
Reliability.
Existing power frequency continued flow experimental rig includes：For exporting the impulse voltage generator system of surge voltage, being used for
Export industrial frequency experiment power-supply system, the Rogowski coil for measuring arc current, voltage measurement system and the suspension type of power-frequency voltage
Insulator.
But the impulse voltage generator system and industrial frequency experiment power-supply system in existing power frequency continued flow experimental rig are past
Toward the shortcomings of the voltage in the presence of output is low with current class, the maximum power frequency amplitude of short circuit of output is small, it is difficult to simulate arrester
Operating mode under actual motion state, when assessing the ability of lightning arrester gap extinguishing power frequency arc, certain defect be present.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig, including：For line voltage to be converted into power frequency
The power transformer of voltage, the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of the power transformer use insulating varnished silk, and interlayer dielectic is adopted
With glass fiber bag lenticular wire；The electricity that the capacitance of charging capacitor is 0.05 μ F, the resistance of wave front resistance is 80 Ω and wave terminal resistance
Resistance amount is 2100 Ω impulse voltage generator；The impulse voltage generator is with impacting the output end after side protection circuit is connected
It is in parallel with test product to be measured；Output end after the power transformer is in parallel with power frequency side protection circuit is in parallel with test product to be measured；With
And control measuring circuit, for judging whether that triggering produces surge voltage according to the phase of power-frequency voltage.
Wherein, power frequency side protection circuit includes：The output end parallel connection of power transformer after being connected with fuse
Alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester and with the fuse and the alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester simultaneously
The inductance of connection.
Wherein, the impact side protection circuit includes：The batching sphere gap connected with the impulse voltage generator.
Wherein, the impulse voltage generator includes：The wave terminal resistance in parallel with the wave front resistance, the wave terminal resistance
The other end ground connection；And the charging capacitor is that multiple single-stage charging capacitors are in series by single-stage triggered gap, and
In the both ends of each single-stage charging capacitor formation charging module in parallel with charging resistor；One end of the charging module with
The wave terminal resistance is in parallel, and the other end of the charging module is in parallel with charging transformer.
Wherein, the charging capacitor in the impulse voltage generator is that 16 grade of 0.8 μ F single-stage charging capacitor connects to be formed, with
And the resistance of wave front resistance is 80 Ω.
Wherein, the voltage of the power transformer be 289KV, capacity 250MW；The thickness of the insulating varnished silk is 1mm, institute
The thickness for stating glass fiber bag lenticular wire is 10mm.
Wherein, the AC gapless arrester is AC gapless Zinc-Oxide Arrester.
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of application method of power frequency continued flow experimental rig, including：S1, by test product to be measured
It is installed in test product frame, disconnecting switch is closed, so that power-frequency voltage is applied on test product to be measured；S2, by controlling measuring circuit
Power-frequency voltage signal is obtained, and according to the phase of the power-frequency voltage signal acquisition power-frequency voltage；S3, if the power-frequency voltage
Phase reaches the phase-triggered of setting, then triggers impulse voltage generator and produce surge voltage, so that power-frequency voltage and impact electricity
Laminated adds；S4, the voltage and electric current at obtained test product both ends to be measured will be measured, for assessing arrester after Impulse Voltage
Extinguish the ability of power frequency arc.
Wherein, the power-frequency voltage is changed line voltage by the power transformer that voltage is 289KV, capacity is 250MW
Form；And the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of the power transformer uses insulating varnished silk, interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag
Lenticular wire.
Wherein, the capacitance of the charging capacitor of the impulse voltage generator is 0.05 μ F, and the resistance of wave front resistance
Measure as 80 Ω.
A kind of frequency operating duty cycle test device provided by the invention and its application method, by using the impact of adjustment circuit parameter
Voltage generator, it, which impacts power supply, can export the dash current of lightning impulse voltage and 10-20kA amplitudes simultaneously, can be more preferable
Simulation arrester the situation of lightning wave is met with hanging net operation；And line voltage is changed by using power transformer
For the power-frequency voltage of high pressure, it can preferably reflect situation of the arrester under the conditions of gap breakdown.And use power transformer
As power frequency supply, higher over-voltage and over-current can be born, on the premise of high reliability is ensured, it is not necessary to excessive
Protection circuit.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are this hairs
Some bright embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with root
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of power frequency continued flow experimental rig provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the impulse voltage generator in the power frequency continued flow experimental rig shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 be Fig. 1 shown in power frequency continued flow experimental rig in power frequency side protection circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the winding insulation structure schematic diagram of power transformer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of power frequency continued flow experimental rig application method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 a are the voltage oscillogram for the power frequency continued flow experimental rig that emulation obtains；
Fig. 6 b are the current waveform figure for the power frequency continued flow experimental rig that emulation obtains；
When Fig. 7 a are that test product to be measured occurs short-circuit, using power frequency continued flow experimental rig provided in an embodiment of the present invention, obtain
The power current for flowing through test product both ends to be measured；
When Fig. 7 b are that test product to be measured occurs short-circuit, using the power frequency continued flow experimental rig of testing transformer, what is obtained flows through
The power current at test product both ends to be measured.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is explicitly described, it is clear that described embodiment be the present invention
Part of the embodiment, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of power frequency continued flow experimental rig provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, the power frequency continues
Stream experimental rig includes：Impact power supply 101, power frequency supply 102, test product to be measured 103, power frequency side protection circuit 104 and impact side
Protection circuit 105.
Wherein, impact power supply 101 is made up of impulse voltage generator, on the basis of conventional impact voltage generator,
The parameter of impulse voltage generator is adjusted, i.e., is adjusted to the capacitance of the charging capacitor of impulse voltage generator
0.05 μ F, the resistance of wave front resistance is adjusted into 80 Ω and the resistance of wave terminal resistance is 2100 Ω so that surge voltage
Generator can produce the surge voltage and dash current of amplitude, circuit structure such as Fig. 2 institutes of impulse voltage generator simultaneously
Show.
Wherein, power frequency supply 102 uses line voltage, is incorporated into from transformer station in test site, turns through power transformer
The voltage class needed for experiment is changed to, for example, being converted to 500KV voltage class.And the turn-to-turn of the winding of power transformer is exhausted
Edge material uses insulating varnished silk, and interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag lenticular wire, to prevent power frequency continued flow experimental rig from running
Surge voltage damages power transformer in journey so that the power transformer is for traditional testing transformer, Ke Yigeng
The operating mode of good simulation arrester hanging net operation in power network.
Wherein, power transformer is a kind of static electrical equipment, is for by the alternating voltage (electric current) of a certain numerical value
Become the equipment for the voltage (electric current) that frequency identical is another or several numerical value are different.
Wherein, impulse voltage generator is mainly used in the test products such as power equipment progress lightning impulse voltage all-wave, thunder and lightning punching
The impulse voltage test of voltage wave chopping and operating impulse voltage ripple is hit, examines insulating properties.Impact test apparatus mainly by：Occur
Device body, wave chopping, divider, four component consoles (console is divided into microcomputer type and plain edition), digitized wave forms record system
Deng composition.
Specifically, when power frequency continued flow experimental rig is started working, i.e., after test product 103 to be measured installs, closure is kept apart
305 are closed, the power-frequency voltage after power transformer conversion is put on the both ends of test product 103 to be measured.By controlling measuring circuit to obtain
To the amplitude and phase of power-frequency voltage, when the phase of power-frequency voltage reaches the phase-triggered of setting, power supply 101 is impacted in triggering,
I.e. impulse voltage generator produces surge voltage so that the impact side protection circuit between power frequency supply 102 and impact power supply 101
105 breakdown, surge voltage and power-frequency voltage superposition are after-applied at the both ends of test product 103 to be measured.Product to be tested are flowed through by measurement
Voltage and current, judge that can arrester extinguish power frequency continued flow electric arc.
Power frequency side protection circuit 104 is installed in power frequency continued flow experimental rig, can trigger and lead in impulse voltage generator
When logical, shock isolation power supply 101 and power frequency supply 102, dash current is avoided to damage power transformer；And when arrester can not
, can effective interrupting short circuit when extinguishing power frequency arc；And turn-to-turn insulation and interlayer by strengthening power transformer are exhausted
Edge, i.e., insulating varnished silk being used in the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of power transformer, interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag lenticular wire,
Play a part of preventing surge voltage from damaging power transformer, preferably to simulate the work of arrester hanging net operation in power network
Condition.
In embodiments of the present invention, by using the impact electricity of adjustment circuit parameter, reinforcement turn-to-turn insulation and layer insulation
Generator is pressed, it, which impacts power supply, can export the dash current of lightning impulse voltage and 10-20kA amplitudes simultaneously, and can be with
Prevent surge voltage from damaging power transformer, and then preferably simulate the situation that arrester meets with lightning wave in hanging net operation；
And line voltage is converted to the power-frequency voltage of high pressure by using power transformer, can preferably reflect arrester
Situation under gap breakdown condition.And higher over-voltage and over-current can be born as power frequency supply using power transformer,
On the premise of high reliability is ensured, it is not necessary to excessive protection circuit.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, with reference to Fig. 3, power frequency side protection circuit 104 includes：Gone here and there with fuse 302
The output end of power transformer 301 after connection alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester 303 in parallel and with the fusing
Device 302 and the inductance 304 of the parallel connection of the alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester 303.The impact side protection circuit 105 is wrapped
Include the batching sphere gap connected with the impulse voltage generator.The AC gapless arrester 303 aoxidizes for AC gapless
Zinc arrester.
Wherein, fuse (fuse) is after exceeding setting for a period of time according to electric current, to be made with its own caused heat
Melt molten, so that circuit disconnects；With a kind of current protector made of this principle.Fuse is widely used in height
It is press-fitted in electric system and control system and electrical equipment, is to apply most common guarantor as short circuit and the protector of overcurrent
Protect one of device.
Wherein, alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester has excellent nonlinear wind vibration, and response characteristic is good, nothing
Afterflow, discharge capacity is big, residual voltage is low, suppress overvoltage ability it is strong, it is resistance to it is filthy, anti-aging, do not constrained by height above sea level, be simple in construction,
The features such as gapless, sealing are tight, long lifespan.High resistance state is presented under normal system operating voltage in this arrester, only micro-
Peace level electric current passes through.Low resistance is just presented in it under the effect of overvoltage high current, so as to limit the residual voltage at arrester both ends.
Wherein, Zinc-Oxide Arrester is a kind of superior protective value, light weight, the resistance to filthy, lightning protection of stable performance.
It mainly using the good nonlinear wind vibration of zinc oxide, makes the electric current for flowing through arrester in normal working voltage minimum
(microampere or milliampere level)；When overvoltage acts on, resistance drastically declines, the energy for overvoltage of releasing, and reaches the effect of protection.This
The difference of kind arrester and traditional lightning protection device is that it does not have discharging gap, plays aerial drainage using the nonlinear characteristic of zinc oxide and opens
Disconnected effect.
Wherein, inductor (Inductor) is the element that electric energy can be converted into magnetic energy and stored.Inductor
Structure is similar to transformer, but an only winding.Inductor has certain inductance, and it only hinders the change of electric current.If
Inductor is in no electric current in the state of, and it will attempt to hinder electric current to flow through it when circuit is connected；If inductor is having
Electric current is in the state of, and it will attempt to maintain electric current constant when circuit disconnects.Inductor is also known as choke, reactor, dynamic
Reactor.
Specifically, when the phase of power-frequency voltage reaches the phase-triggered of setting, triggering impact power supply 101, i.e. impact electricity
Generator is pressed to produce surge voltage so that the impact side protection circuit 105 between power frequency supply 102 and impact power supply 101 punctures,
I.e. batching sphere gap punctures, then surge voltage and power-frequency voltage superposition are after-applied at the both ends of test product to be measured.
After surge voltage decay, power current continues to turn on along the electric arc between batching sphere gap, is flowed through by measurement to be measured
The voltage and current of test product, judge that can AC gapless Zinc-Oxide Arrester extinguish power frequency continued flow electric arc.Due to power frequency continued flow
Inductance 304, fuse 302 and AC gapless Zinc-Oxide Arrester 303 be installed, inductance 304 can be in experimental rig
During impulse voltage generator triggering and conducting, shock isolation power supply 101 and power frequency supply 103, dash current damage electric power is avoided to become
Depressor；When puncture short occurs for AC gapless Zinc-Oxide Arrester 303, when can not extinguish power frequency arc, fuse 302 can be with
Effective interrupting short circuit；Power transformer output terminal AC gapless Zinc-Oxide Arrester in parallel is used to limit power transformer
Device output end overvoltage.
In embodiments of the present invention, by setting inductance, fuse and alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester, lifted
The protective value of power frequency continued flow experimental rig, and make it that the structure of power frequency side protection circuit is simple, reliability is high.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, the impulse voltage generator includes：The ripple in parallel with the wave front resistance
Tail resistance, the other end ground connection of the wave terminal resistance；And the charging capacitor is that multiple single-stage charging capacitors pass through single-stage
Triggered gap is in series, and in the both ends of each single-stage charging capacitor formation charging module in parallel with charging resistor；
One end of the charging module is in parallel with the wave terminal resistance, and the other end of the charging module is in parallel with charging transformer.Institute
The charging capacitor stated in impulse voltage generator connects to be formed for 16 grade of 0.8 μ F single-stage charging capacitor, and the electricity of wave front resistance
Resistance amount is 80 Ω.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 traditional impulse voltage generator includes：Charging transformer T0, multiple charging resistor R,
Multiple monopole charging capacitor C, wave front resistance R1, wave terminal resistance R2, multiple monopole triggered gap S0.Wave front resistance and wave terminal resistance
Parallel connection, and the other end ground connection of wave terminal resistance；Each single-stage charging capacitor is serially connected to be formed by single-stage triggered gap to be filled
Electric capacity, and in the both ends of each single-stage charging capacitor formation charging module in parallel with charging resistor；The one of charging module
End is in parallel with wave terminal resistance, and the other end of charging module is in parallel with charging transformer.
Wherein when acting on band gap Zinc-Oxide Arrester test product, the equivalent capacity C of band gap Zinc-Oxide Arrester20=
2000-3000pF, take 0.0025 μ F.Conventional impulse voltage generator parameter designing flow is as follows：
1. charging capacitor.Its load capacitance should be much larger than in view of the charging capacitor of impulse voltage generator, takes charging
Electric capacity is 10 times of load capacitance, i.e. C10=0.025 μ F.
2. wave front resistance.Wave front resistance R1Tried to achieve by following formula (1), wherein T1The wave head time is represented, during standard lightning wave wave head
Between be 1.2 μ S；C20Represent equivalent capacity, C20=0.0025 μ F.
3. wave terminal resistance.Wave terminal resistance R2Tried to achieve by following formula (2), wherein T2The wave rear time is represented, during standard lightning wave wave rear
Between be 50 μ S.
According to above computational methods, the wave front resistance R of conventional Impulse Voltage Generator is obtained10=150 Ω, ripple
Tail resistance R20=2100 Ω.For the impulse voltage generator applied in the embodiment of the present invention, and non-fully need to export
The lightning impulse voltage waveform of standard, but need to export the dash current of higher magnitude.During dash current rises, by
It is more than ten times of wave front resistance in wave terminal resistance, therefore during surge voltage and dash current rise, surge voltage and impact
The amplitude of electric current is mainly determined by charging capacitor and wave front resistance.Impact power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve punching
Current amplitude is hit, wave front resistance is reduced, charging capacitor increase, takes wave front resistance R1=80 Ω, charging capacitor C1=0.05 μ F.
According to DL/T815 standards, for example, the arrester with gaps that 500kV systems use, its 50% gap breakdown voltage are
1760kV, it is contemplated that certain nargin, take impact source nominal parameter as follows：Rated voltage is 3200kV；Monopole electric capacity charging electricity
Press as 200kV；The capacitance of monopole charging capacitor is 0.8 μ F；Series is 16 grades.That is, it is 0.80.8 μ F by 16 grades of capacitance
Single-stage charging capacitor connect to form 0.05 μ F charging capacitor by single-stage triggered gap, and the resistance by wave front resistance
80 Ω are set to, reach the dash current for making impulse voltage generator output higher magnitude, for example, it is 10-20kA's to produce amplitude
Dash current
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, with reference to Fig. 3, the voltage of the power transformer is 289KV, capacity is
250MW；The thickness of the insulating varnished silk is 1mm, and the thickness of the glass fiber bag lenticular wire is 10mm.
Specifically, power frequency supply is that will be turned using power transformer 301 from the line voltage of the introducing 10kV in transformer station
Power-frequency voltage is changed to, i.e., 10KV line voltage is converted to the list of 500KV systems using 10KV/289KV power converter
Phase phase voltage so that the power frequency continued flow experimental rig can be used for the experiment of 500KV systems.Built in simulation software PSCAD
The artificial circuit of 500KV power frequency continued flow experimental rigs, the voltage-to-current waveform of power frequency continued flow experimental rig is obtained, by the present invention
500KV power frequency continued flows experimental rig and existing power frequency continued flow experimental rig (i.e. impulse voltage generator conduct in embodiment
Impact power supply, testing transformer is as power frequency supply) the voltage-to-current waveform that exports contrasted.
When test product normal condition to be measured, when its zinc oxide resistance sheet is not damaged, obtain flowing through the electric current of test product to be measured
As shown in fig. 6, when the phase of power-frequency voltage reaches the phase-triggered of setting, triggering impulse voltage generator produces impact electricity
Pressure, for example, the phase-triggered set is 90 degree of phase, then power-frequency voltage is superimposed when reaching 90 ° of phases with surge voltage.
The High Voltage Impulse Waveform that test product both ends to be measured are flowed through in contrast understands that impact power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it exports impact
The amplitude of electric current reaches 20kA, as shown in Figure 6 a, basically reaches the amplitude of lightning impulse current.And conventional impact voltage generator
The dash current of output is only 8kA, as shown in Figure 6 b.For traditional impulse voltage generator, the embodiment of the present invention
The impact power supply of proposition can export the dash current of higher magnitude, and then preferably simulate the operating mode that arrester is struck by lightning.
When the zinc oxide resistance sheet of test product to be measured occurs to puncture under Impulse Voltage and causes short circuit, it is necessary to simulate
The operating mode of power frequency short circuit current is flowed through in lightning arrester gap electric arc, and examines the energy of lightning arrester gap cut-out power frequency continued flow electric arc
Power.For 500KV power frequency continued flows experimental rig provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when test product to be measured occurs short-circuit, flow through to be measured
The power current at test product both ends is as shown in Figure 7a；For being tested using existing power frequency continued flow of the testing transformer as power frequency supply
Device, flow through the power current at test product both ends to be measured as shown in Figure 7b.
The testing transformer rated power for taking 500kV voltage class is 1.8MVA, and comparison diagram 7a and Fig. 7 b are understood, are used
When traditional 1.8MVA testing transformers are as power frequency continued flow power supply, its freewheel current peak value is 250A or so, and the duration
When reaching 1ms, electric current voluntarily extinguish by zero passage, and therefore, traditional power frequency continued flow experimental rig is only capable of assessing zinc oxide in arrester
Resistance whether normal work, the ability assessed arrester series gap and extinguish power frequency continued flow electric arc that can not be well.It is and of the invention
The power frequency continued flow experimental rig that embodiment provides, using power transformer as power frequency supply, bigger short circuit electricity can be exported
Stream, preferably simulates real working condition.
Fig. 4 is the winding insulation structure schematic diagram of power transformer provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1,2,3,4 represents
4 circle windings in same coil；5,6,7,8 represent 4 circle windings in adjacent windings.Different windings between same coil use
Insulating varnished silk carries out insulation d；Insulated between different coils using glass fiber bag lenticular wire, its insulation distance is D.Insulating materials soaks
Profit is in transformer oil.The power transformer that the embodiment of the present invention uses, to prevent surge voltage from causing power transformer to puncture
Simultaneously electric discharge phenomena occur for short circuit, d=1mm, D=10mm are taken in the present embodiment, but be not limited thereto.Relative to traditional electric power
For transformer, the insulation system of the power transformer has been strengthened, and the probability of insulation damages is smaller under Impulse Voltage, energy
The operating mode of preferable analogsimulation arrester hanging net operation in power network.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of power frequency continued flow experimental rig application method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, first
First test product to be measured is installed in test product frame, disconnecting switch K is closed, power-frequency voltage is put on test product to be measured.Control measurement
Circuit obtains power-frequency voltage signal from power frequency continued flow experimental rig primary side measurement, and the phase of power-frequency voltage is judged, when
When reaching the phase-triggered angle initially set, triggering impact power supply produces surge voltage so that impact power supply and power frequency supply it
Between gap breakdown, realize being superimposed for power-frequency voltage and surge voltage.It is right by measuring the voltage and electric current at test product both ends to be measured
The ability that arrester extinguishes power frequency arc after Impulse Voltage is assessed.
In embodiments of the present invention, by using the impulse voltage generator of adjustment circuit parameter, it impacts power supply can be with
The dash current of lightning impulse voltage and 10-20kA amplitudes is exported simultaneously, can preferably simulate arrester in hanging net operation
Meet with the situation of lightning wave；And line voltage is converted to the power-frequency voltage of high pressure, Ke Yigeng by using power transformer
Situation of the good reflection arrester under the conditions of gap breakdown.And it can be born more as power frequency supply using power transformer
High over-voltage and over-current, on the premise of high reliability is ensured, it is not necessary to excessive protection circuit.
On the basis of embodiment described in Fig. 5, the power-frequency voltage is become by the electric power that voltage is 289KV, capacity is 250MW
Depressor is converted by line voltage；And the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of the power transformer uses insulating varnished silk, interlayer is exhausted
Edge material uses glass fiber bag lenticular wire.The charging capacitor of the impulse voltage generator is 0.05 μ F, and the electricity of wave front resistance
Resistance amount is 80 Ω.
Specifically, 10KV line voltages are introduced from transformer station, and are converted into 10KV/289KV power transformer
The single-phase phase voltage of 500KV systems, stronger surge voltage and dash current, Jin Erke can be resistant to using the power transformer
Preferably to reflect situation of the arrester under breakdown condition.And the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of the power transformer is using yellow
Wax silk fabric, interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag lenticular wire, to prevent power frequency continued flow experimental rig surge voltage in the process of running
Damage power transformer so that the power transformer can be simulated preferably lightning-arrest for traditional testing transformer
The operating mode of device hanging net operation in power network.
Used in impulse voltage generator capacitance for 0.05 μ F fill an electric capacity, the wave front resistance that resistance is 80 Ω and
Resistance is 2100 Ω wave terminal resistance so that the impulse voltage generator can produce the higher surge voltage of amplitude and impact
Electric current, and then preferably simulate the situation that arrester meets with lightning wave in hanging net operation.So that using the power transformer and
When impulse voltage generator carries out power frequency continued flow experiment, the situation that arrester meets with lightning wave, Jin Erke can be preferably simulated
Extinguish the ability of power frequency arc preferably to assess arrester after Impulse Voltage.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. power frequency continued flow experimental rig, it is characterised in that including：For line voltage to be converted to the electric power of power-frequency voltage Transformer, the turn-to-turn insulation material of the winding of the power transformer use insulating varnished silk, and interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag Lenticular wire；The capacitance of charging capacitor is 0.05 μ F, the resistance of wave front resistance is 80 Ω and the resistance of wave terminal resistance is 2100 Ω Impulse voltage generator；Output end after the impulse voltage generator is connected with impact side protection circuit is in parallel with test product to be measured；The electric power becomes Output end after depressor is in parallel with power frequency side protection circuit is in parallel with test product to be measured；AndMeasuring circuit is controlled, for judging whether that triggering produces surge voltage according to the phase of power-frequency voltage.
- 2. power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that power frequency side protection circuit includes： The output end of power transformer after being connected with fuse alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester in parallel and with it is described Fuse and the inductance of alternating current gapless metal oxide arrester parallel connection.
- 3. power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the impact side protection circuit bag Include：The batching sphere gap connected with the impulse voltage generator.
- 4. power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the impulse voltage generator includes： The wave terminal resistance in parallel with the wave front resistance, the other end ground connection of the wave terminal resistance；And the charging capacitor is multiple Single-stage charging capacitor is in series by single-stage triggered gap, and the both ends of each single-stage charging capacitor with charging Resistor coupled in parallel forms charging module；One end of the charging module is in parallel with the wave terminal resistance, the charging module it is another End is in parallel with charging transformer.
- 5. power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 4, it is characterised in that filling in the impulse voltage generator Electric capacity is that 16 grade of 0.8 μ F single-stage charging capacitor connects to be formed, and the resistance of wave front resistance is 80 Ω.
- 6. power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the voltage of the power transformer is 289KV, capacity 250MW；The thickness of the insulating varnished silk is 1mm, and the thickness of the glass fiber bag lenticular wire is 10mm.
- 7. power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the AC gapless arrester is friendship Flow zero-clearance zinc oxide lightning arrester.
- A kind of 8. application method of power frequency continued flow experimental rig, it is characterised in that including：S1, test product to be measured is installed in test product frame, disconnecting switch is closed, so that power-frequency voltage is applied on test product to be measured；S2, by controlling measuring circuit to obtain power-frequency voltage signal, and according to the power-frequency voltage signal acquisition power-frequency voltage Phase；S3, if the phase of the power-frequency voltage reaches the phase-triggered of setting, triggering impulse voltage generator produces impact electricity Pressure, so that power-frequency voltage is superimposed with surge voltage；S4, the voltage and electric current at obtained test product both ends to be measured will be measured, put out for assessing arrester after Impulse Voltage Go out the ability of power frequency arc.
- 9. the application method of power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the power-frequency voltage by The power transformer that voltage is 289KV, capacity is 250MW is converted by line voltage；And the winding of the power transformer Turn-to-turn insulation material use insulating varnished silk, interlayer dielectic uses glass fiber bag lenticular wire.
- 10. the application method of power frequency continued flow experimental rig according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the surge voltage The capacitance of the charging capacitor of generator is 0.05 μ F, and the resistance of wave front resistance is 80 Ω.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710757248.6A CN107505553A (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2017-08-29 | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710757248.6A CN107505553A (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2017-08-29 | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107505553A true CN107505553A (en) | 2017-12-22 |
Family
ID=60693781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710757248.6A Pending CN107505553A (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2017-08-29 | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107505553A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108037399A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-15 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | 35kV arresters power frequency continued flow breaking capacity test device and method |
| CN109444687A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 国网山西省电力公司大同供电公司 | A kind of 10kV power distribution network insulated conductor breakage caused by lightning stroke analogue test platform |
| CN109494568A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-19 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of the smash gap photoelectric trigger device and method synchronous with operating frequency phase |
| CN109581113A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 武汉水院电气有限责任公司 | A kind of multi-chamber clearance lightning-proof device power frequency continued flow breaking capacity test circuit |
| CN109980618A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Electric system and design method |
| CN110596545A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-20 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Partial discharge detection device and detection method based on combined action of alternating current and impulse voltage |
| CN112485574A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-12 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Method for checking states of fixed gap and lightning arrester under power frequency steady-state voltage |
| CN113391151A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏法拉电子有限公司 | Capacitor quality inspection system based on large current impact |
| CN114166270A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-11 | 广州中光电气科技有限公司 | Method for measuring action characteristic parameters of disconnector |
| CN117554856A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-13 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Performance verification device and method for active defense equipment for turn-to-turn short circuit of transformer |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05205849A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-08-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Testing method for lightning arrester |
| CN101639507A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2010-02-03 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Controllable metal oxide arrester action characteristic testing device and method therefor |
| JP2010261851A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Thunder impulse voltage testing apparatus and thunder impulse voltage testing method |
| CN201955431U (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-08-31 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Multiple-valve surge voltage tester for direct-current converter valve |
| DE102010060338A1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-10-04 | Georg Hinow | Impulse voltage test system for use in power grid, has evaluation device utilizing correction algorithm for determining difference between voltages over divider and object to transform signal from divider into ideal measured voltage signal |
| CN202676815U (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2013-01-16 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | Follow current interrupting test circuit for externally gapped line arrester |
| CN104297647A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-21 | 四川大学 | Controllable power frequency superposition impulse testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN204116530U (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-01-21 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of high altitude localities produces the voltage test device of standard lightning impulse |
| CN105510753A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | 100kA lightning current generator for testing impulse characteristics of grounding device |
| CN106526476A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-03-22 | 国家电网公司 | Power-flow current breaking capacity test synthetic circuit synchronous control device and method |
| CN207281238U (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-04-27 | 国网湖南省电力公司 | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig |
-
2017
- 2017-08-29 CN CN201710757248.6A patent/CN107505553A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05205849A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-08-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Testing method for lightning arrester |
| JP2010261851A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Thunder impulse voltage testing apparatus and thunder impulse voltage testing method |
| CN101639507A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2010-02-03 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Controllable metal oxide arrester action characteristic testing device and method therefor |
| DE102010060338A1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-10-04 | Georg Hinow | Impulse voltage test system for use in power grid, has evaluation device utilizing correction algorithm for determining difference between voltages over divider and object to transform signal from divider into ideal measured voltage signal |
| CN201955431U (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-08-31 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Multiple-valve surge voltage tester for direct-current converter valve |
| CN202676815U (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2013-01-16 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | Follow current interrupting test circuit for externally gapped line arrester |
| CN204116530U (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-01-21 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of high altitude localities produces the voltage test device of standard lightning impulse |
| CN104297647A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-21 | 四川大学 | Controllable power frequency superposition impulse testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN105510753A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | 100kA lightning current generator for testing impulse characteristics of grounding device |
| CN106526476A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-03-22 | 国家电网公司 | Power-flow current breaking capacity test synthetic circuit synchronous control device and method |
| CN207281238U (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-04-27 | 国网湖南省电力公司 | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 冷小聪等: "含工频续流的冲击低压联合试验回路", 《武汉大学学报(工学版)》, vol. 49, no. 02, 1 April 2016 (2016-04-01) * |
| 陈斯翔等: "10kV系统冲击与工频续流联合试验回路设计", 《电力建设》, vol. 36, no. 08, 1 August 2015 (2015-08-01) * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108037399A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-15 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | 35kV arresters power frequency continued flow breaking capacity test device and method |
| CN109444687A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 国网山西省电力公司大同供电公司 | A kind of 10kV power distribution network insulated conductor breakage caused by lightning stroke analogue test platform |
| CN109444687B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-11-06 | 国网山西省电力公司大同供电公司 | 10kV distribution network insulated conductor lightning stroke broken string simulation test platform |
| CN109494568A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-19 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of the smash gap photoelectric trigger device and method synchronous with operating frequency phase |
| CN109581113B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-10-16 | 武汉水院电气有限责任公司 | Multi-cavity gap lightning protection device power frequency follow current interruption capability test loop |
| CN109581113A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 武汉水院电气有限责任公司 | A kind of multi-chamber clearance lightning-proof device power frequency continued flow breaking capacity test circuit |
| CN109980618A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Electric system and design method |
| CN110596545A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-20 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Partial discharge detection device and detection method based on combined action of alternating current and impulse voltage |
| CN112485574A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-12 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Method for checking states of fixed gap and lightning arrester under power frequency steady-state voltage |
| CN113391151A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏法拉电子有限公司 | Capacitor quality inspection system based on large current impact |
| CN114166270A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-11 | 广州中光电气科技有限公司 | Method for measuring action characteristic parameters of disconnector |
| CN117554856A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-13 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Performance verification device and method for active defense equipment for turn-to-turn short circuit of transformer |
| CN117554856B (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-05 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Performance verification device and method for active defense equipment for turn-to-turn short circuit of transformer |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107505553A (en) | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig and its application method | |
| CN202676815U (en) | Follow current interrupting test circuit for externally gapped line arrester | |
| CN104617571B (en) | A kind of electronic electric equipment over-voltage and over-current protector | |
| CN109633364A (en) | A kind of mutual inductor winding and fuse failure appraisal procedure, device and equipment | |
| CN207281238U (en) | A kind of power frequency continued flow experimental rig | |
| CN203180510U (en) | Combined overvoltage protector of resistance capacitance lightening arrester | |
| CN204154824U (en) | Surge voltage and oscillation frequency synthesis loop test platform | |
| CN209199706U (en) | A kind of arrester and integrated circuit with front-end protection circuit | |
| CN101931205A (en) | Three-phase power supply network electromagnetic voltage transformer harmonic elimination protector | |
| CN105048437B (en) | A kind of combined type neutral ground composite control apparatus | |
| Tao et al. | Switching transients caused by vacuum circuit breakers in collection grids of offshore wind farms | |
| CN111769518A (en) | Power station transformer neutral point protection method based on gap protection and lightning arrester | |
| CN105098757A (en) | Method for eliminating resonance of power distribution station | |
| CN109524187A (en) | A kind of arrester and integrated circuit with front-end protection circuit | |
| CN202059142U (en) | Three-phase electric power electrical network electromagnetic voltage transformer harmonic eliminating protector | |
| Abdul-Malek et al. | Investigation of ferroresonance mitigation Techniques in voltage Transformer using ATP-EMTP Simulation | |
| CN201845648U (en) | Primary resonance eliminator | |
| Simha et al. | The jump phenomena | |
| CN205945048U (en) | Three -phase combined type over -voltage protector | |
| CN201910623U (en) | Resistance-capacitance absorber | |
| Atefi et al. | Preventing transformer energizing resonant overvoltages using surge arrester temperature rise index and controlled closing method | |
| CN113036714A (en) | Method and device for inhibiting breaking fault of electromagnetic voltage transformer | |
| CN112332391A (en) | Harmonic elimination method, system and device | |
| CN201789267U (en) | Harmonic wave elimination protector of three-phase electricity grid electromagnetic voltage transformator | |
| CN110165646A (en) | A kind of cable shield electric current bleeder |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |