CN107505240B - Under hypobaric in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation device and method - Google Patents
Under hypobaric in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505240B CN107505240B CN201710943859.XA CN201710943859A CN107505240B CN 107505240 B CN107505240 B CN 107505240B CN 201710943859 A CN201710943859 A CN 201710943859A CN 107505240 B CN107505240 B CN 107505240B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 58
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012633 nuclear imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides the observation device and method of gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in water body under a kind of hypobaric, vacuum mold molding box including being equipped with vacuum valve, water inlet valve and a drain valve, the sheet laser being connect with vacuum mold molding box, the laser emitter being connect with sheet laser, the isochronous controller being connect with laser emitter and the computer being separately connected with isochronous controller and CCD camera；Image pick-up card is equipped in the computer, image pick-up card is connected with CCD camera.Using the gentle core recognition methods of reasonable image-pickup method, the observation to gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in hypobaric water body is realized.The present invention has innovated the measurement method of low pressure water body fundamental property under laboratory condition, the gas core distribution that naturally occurring in water body under hypobaric can accurately be observed, can be widely applied in the fields such as high altitude localities water quality detection, water pollution processing, cavitation and cavitation erosion, teaching and research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the observation devices and method of gas core in water body under a kind of hypobaric, belong to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering
With environment-friendly engineering technical field.
Background technique
The hydroelectric development of western highlands and water environment protection problem are increasingly subject to focus, and high altitude localities has
The feature that air pressure is low, oxygen is thin influences the distribution of component in water body.Gas core is the basic premise that cavitation occurs, and cavitation bubble is burst
The cavitation erosion generated to hydraulic structure that goes out happens occasionally；The close phase of the indexs such as gas core and water body air content, dissolved oxygen simultaneously
It closes, therefore, when high altitude localities does not have field test condition, research hypobaric water under the laboratory condition of normal pressure area
The observation method and device of gas core in body, for disclose high altitude localities high-velocity flow cavitation and cavitation erosion characteristic and water quality detection,
Water pollution processing etc. has important theory significance and practical value.
At present in water body bubble distribution observation mainly using laser interference imaging optical observation method, mainly have it is following not
Foot: (1) bubble observed is by air pressure pump or to broadcast core system and mix into water body, can not reflect in water body and deposit naturally
Bubble distribution, be not inconsistent with practical engineering application；(2) observation device is only applicable to atmospheric pressure environment, can not observe low pressure ring
Bubble distribution in water body under border；(3) after vacuum tank extracts low pressure under laboratory condition, water constituent can undergo rebalancing after disturbance
Process, or even there is supersaturation, there are certain difficulties for the technologies such as acquisition and identification of gas core, there is no environment under low pressure at present
The observation method of lower gas core.
Summary of the invention
Against the above deficiency, the present invention provides the observation devices of gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in water body under a kind of hypobaric
And method.
The present invention passes through following technical proposal and realizes: under a kind of hypobaric in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation dress
It sets, the vacuum mold molding box including being equipped with vacuum valve, water inlet valve and a drain valve, the sheet laser being connect with vacuum mold molding box, with piece light
The laser emitter of source connection, the isochronous controller being connect with laser emitter and the calculating being separately connected with isochronous controller
Machine and CCD camera；Image pick-up card is equipped in the computer, image pick-up card is connected with CCD camera.Computer is for storing
The image data of image pick-up card acquisition, the gas core image observed by collection analysis software real-time display, record, analysis.
Pressure vacuum gauge is additionally provided on the vacuum mold molding box.
The vacuum valve is connected by PVC steel wire tube with vacuum pump.Pressure vacuum gauge is for measuring in vacuum mold molding box
Vacuum degree, vacuum valve connect vacuum pump for being evacuated by PVC steel wire tube.
The inlet valve is connected by pipeline with upper water box, and the position of upper water box is higher than vacuum mold molding box.Upper water box is used for
Store water sample, have the water of certain depth always in upper water box when vacuum mold molding box fills the water, prevent additional air by water inlet pipe into
Enter vacuum mold molding box.
The vacuum mold molding box is made of top cover and cabinet；Cabinet shell is organic glass, thickness 15mm or more；Inner wall patch
Attached layer of transparent glass, to reduce under low pressure water body bubble in the degree of absorption of wall surface；Rubber ring is used between cabinet and top cover
Sealing；The background surfaces of vacuum mold molding box are homogeneous black, can enhance the comparison degree of gas core and background.
The side wall of the cabinet is equipped with drain valve, for draining；Top cover is equipped with inlet valve, for intaking.
The illumination of the CCD camera imaging is more than or equal to 0.00002Lux；Camera lens is micro-lens, can be to 5 μm or more
Gas nuclear imaging.
Installation operation are as follows: vacuum valve, pressure vacuum gauge, inlet valve and drain valve are installed on vacuum mold molding box, connection is true
Sky pump, upper water box and drainpipe, check leakproofness；Sheet laser is placed in cabinet side, adjust the transmitting position of sheet laser and is swashed
The thickness of light enhances the brightness of gas core in water body；The camera lens of CCD camera perpendicular to sheet laser face place, adjustment shooting distance and
Focal length makes gas core image clearly；Laser emitter and the signal control line of CCD camera are separately connected isochronous controller, synchronous control
Device connection computer processed is synchronous with the signal of CCD camera for controlling laser emitter；The output of CCD camera signal is connected to image
Capture card, image pick-up card are installed in the mainboard of computer, make the image of computer storage shooting.
Another object of the present invention, which also resides in, provides a kind of observation side of gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in water body under hypobaric
Method, using above-mentioned apparatus, its step are as follows:
(1) drain valve for closing vacuum mold molding box, opens the vacuum valve on vacuum mold molding box top cover, opens vacuum pump, to
The indicating value of pressure vacuum gauge is stablized after target air pressure, and vacuum valve and vacuum pump are closed；
(2) inlet valve is opened, water body to be measured is slowly injected into, blends water sample sufficiently with vacuum gas in case, water filling is completed
After close inlet valve；
(3) due in the injecting process at low pressure microbubble evolution will lead to vacuum degree and decline by a small margin, need to see in real time
It examines after vacustat, fine tuning air pressure to target air pressure；
(4) water body gas core image, analyzing water body gas core movement speed, when gas core movement speed is less than 20 μm/s are shot in advance
When, then formal acquisition image；
(5) after the completion of acquiring image, sheet laser, laser emitter and CCD camera are closed, opens the draining of vacuum mold molding box
Valve is vented vacuum mold molding box；
(6) distribution of gas core and size are calculated using the recognition methods of gas core, its step are as follows:
A, the gray value for identifying acquired image, obtains background gray scale peak value G0 and particle gray scale peak value G1；
B, the point by gray value of image less than (G0+G1)/2 is adjusted to 0, removes background interference, avoids cabinet wall surface bubble
And the influence of external environment light source；
C, the point by gray value of image greater than 1.5G1 is adjusted to 0, rejects the particle outside overexposure particle and laser light sheet；
D, it identifies particle outer profile, particle shape factor is calculated as followsf:f=c 2/4πA, in which:cFor particle circumference,A
For particle elemental area；
E, willfParticle gray value greater than 1.2 is adjusted to 0, rejects non-approximated circular particle；
F, particle size is calculated, in 5 μm ~ 100 μ ms is gas core, calculates the distribution of gas core and size.
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
(1) simulation of laboratory condition hypobaric is realized using the vacuum mold molding box of special designing.Vacuum tank includes
Top cover and cabinet, airtightness are intact；Outer layer uses organic glass, and internal layer pastes transparent glass, reduces the attached wall degree of bubble under low pressure；
Background surfaces are homogeneous black, enhance the comparison degree of gas core and background；Vacuum valve, inlet valve, drain valve are installed, realizes and takes out very
Empty, water inlet and draining function.
(2) the gas core of naturally occurring is distributed in Observable water body.The present invention is not required to air pressure pump and broadcasts core system into water body
Bubble is mixed, but directly observes the gas core point of the quasi-static of naturally occurring in water body by reasonable image acquisition step
Cloth, closer to practical engineering application.
(3) the gas core under hypobaric in water body can be accurately identified.By reasonable gas core recognition methods, cabinet is considered
Influence outside wall surface bubble, external environment light source, overexposure particle and laser light sheet and particle size shape influences etc. it is many-sided because
The gas core under hypobaric in water body can be recognized accurately in element.
(4) using high-resolution micro-lens, it can be achieved that the imaging of nominal particle size gas core, collects and play weight to engineering
Gas core distribution in 5 μm ~ 100 μ ms to be acted on.
In conclusion the observation method of gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION has simplicity in water body under hypobaric provided by the invention
Feasible, accuracy of observation is high, and reduction degree is high, and identification is accurate, close to high altitude localities hydraulics and the advantage of water environment engineering reality,
It can be widely applied in the fields such as high altitude localities water quality detection, water pollution processing, cavitation and cavitation erosion, teaching and research.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that vacuum mold molding box is connect with upper water box；
Fig. 3 is the operating process schematic diagram of Image Acquisition；
Fig. 4 is the flow diagram of gas core identification process；
Fig. 5 is the gray value of the acquired image of embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the gas core distribution function figure under varying environment air pressure.
In figure, 1- vacuum mold molding box；2- inlet valve；3- drain valve；4- vacuum pump；5-PVC steel wire tube；6- vacuum pressure
Table；7- vacuum valve；8- sheet laser；9- laser emitter；10-CCD camera；11- isochronous controller；12- computer；13- image
Capture card；14- upper water box.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
As shown, the observation device of gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION includes equipped with vacuum valve 7, water inlet in water body under hypobaric
The vacuum mold molding box 1 of valve 2 and drain valve 3, the sheet laser 8 being connect with vacuum mold molding box 1, the Laser emission being connect with sheet laser 8
Device 9, the isochronous controller 11 being connect with laser emitter 9 and the computer 12 and CCD that are separately connected with isochronous controller 11
Camera 10；Image pick-up card 13 is equipped in the computer 12, image pick-up card 13 is connected with CCD camera 10.
Pressure vacuum gauge 6 is additionally provided on the vacuum mold molding box 1.The vacuum valve 7 passes through PVC steel wire tube 5 and vacuum pump 4
It is connected.Pressure vacuum gauge 6 is used to measure the vacuum degree in vacuum mold molding box 1, and vacuum valve 7 connects vacuum pump by PVC steel wire tube 5
4 for being evacuated.The inlet valve 2 is connected by pipeline with upper water box 14, and the position of upper water box 14 is higher than vacuum mold molding box 1.On
Water tank 14 has the water of certain depth always, prevents additional air for storing water sample in upper water box 14 when vacuum mold molding box 1 fills the water
Enter vacuum mold molding box 1 by water inlet pipe.The vacuum mold molding box 1 is made of top cover and cabinet；Cabinet shell is organic glass,
Thickness 15mm or more；Inner wall attaches layer of transparent glass, to reduce under low pressure water body bubble in the degree of absorption of wall surface；Cabinet with
Seal with elastometic washer is used between top cover；The background surfaces of vacuum mold molding box 1 are homogeneous black, can enhance the comparison journey of gas core and background
Degree.The drain valve 3 is set to the side wall of cabinet, for draining；Inlet valve 2 is set on top cover, for intaking.The CCD camera
The illumination of 10 imagings is more than or equal to 0.00002Lux；Camera lens is micro-lens, can be to 5 μm or more of gas nuclear imaging.
Installation operation are as follows: vacuum valve 7, pressure vacuum gauge 6, inlet valve 2 and drain valve 3 are installed on vacuum mold molding box 1, even
Vacuum pump 4, upper water box 14 and drainpipe are connect, checks leakproofness；Sheet laser 8 is placed in cabinet side, adjusts the transmitting of sheet laser 8
The thickness of position and laser enhances the brightness of gas core in water body；The camera lens of CCD camera 10 is placed perpendicular to sheet laser face, adjustment
Shooting distance and focal length make gas core image clearly；Laser emitter 9 is separately connected synchronous with the signal control line of CCD camera 10
Controller 11, it is synchronous with the signal of CCD camera 10 for controlling laser emitter 9 that isochronous controller 11 connects computer 12；CCD
The output of 10 signal of camera is connected to image pick-up card 13, and image pick-up card 13 is installed in the mainboard of computer 12, makes computer
The image of 12 storage shootings.
Under a kind of hypobaric in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, using above-mentioned apparatus, its step are as follows:
(1) drain valve 3 for closing vacuum mold molding box 1, opens the vacuum valve 7 on 1 top cover of vacuum mold molding box, opens vacuum pump
4, stablize after target air pressure after the indicating value of pressure vacuum gauge 6, closes vacuum valve 7 and vacuum pump 4；
(2) inlet valve 2 is opened, water body to be measured is slowly injected into, blends water sample sufficiently with vacuum gas in case, water filling is completed
Inlet valve 2 is closed afterwards；
(3) due in the injecting process at low pressure microbubble evolution will lead to vacuum degree and decline by a small margin, need to see in real time
It examines after vacustat, fine tuning air pressure to target air pressure；
(4) water body gas core image, analyzing water body gas core movement speed, when gas core movement speed is less than 20 μm/s are shot in advance
When, then formal acquisition image；
(5) after the completion of acquiring image, sheet laser 8, laser emitter 9 and CCD camera 10 are closed, opens vacuum mold molding box 1
Drain valve 3, be vented vacuum mold molding box 1；
(6) distribution of gas core and size are calculated using the recognition methods of gas core, its step are as follows:
A, the gray value for identifying acquired image, as shown in figure 5, obtaining background gray scale peak value G0=35 and particle gray scale peak
Value G1=165；
B, the point by gray value of image less than (G0+G1)/2=100 is adjusted to 0, to remove background interference, avoids box body wall
The influence of face bubble and external environment light source；
C, the point that gray value of image is greater than 1.5G1=247.5 is adjusted to 0, to reject outside overexposure particle and laser light sheet
Particle；
D, it identifies particle outer profile, particle shape factor is calculated as followsf:f=c 2/4πA, whereincFor particle circumference,AFor
Particle elemental area；Particle circumference is calculated by the scale in acquired imagecAnd particle elemental areaA, calculate in image herein
The form factor of any two particlef,f=c 2/4πA=(735 μm)2/ (4 π × 26347 μm2)=1.63；f=c 2/4πA=(243.59
μm)2/ (4 π × 4719 μm2)=1.00；
E, willfParticle gray value greater than 1.2 is adjusted to 0, to reject non-approximated circular particle；
F, it is calculated by the scale in acquired image and rejects background interference, overexposure particle in image, outside laser light sheet
Grain and the later remainder particulate size of non-approximated circular granular, in 5 μm ~ 100 μ ms is gas core, can calculate gas core
Distribution and quantity.
The present embodiment obtains its gas nuclear volume and distribution letter under varying environment air pressure using pure water as research object
Number, such as table 1 and Fig. 6.
Gas nuclear volume of 1 pure water of table under varying environment air pressure
As a result: the distribution of gas core and water quality, environment, observation method in the gas nuclear energy reflection natural water body that the present embodiment is identified
Equal many factors are related, and " the gas core " that conventional method observes is the gas in impurity or forced incorporation water body in water body mostly
Bubble, cannot reflect the gas core feature of naturally occurring in water body, observation method of the invention and device reduce to the full extent to be removed
Other disturbing factors outside air pressure conditions, can obtain more scientific result.The gas core obtained using the observation method and device
Quantity and distribution are able to reflect under hypobaric the distribution of gas core and quantity of naturally occurring in water body, solve high sea at present
It rises sheer from level ground and does not consider air pressure conditions or the status to air pressure only simple qualitative consideration in area's hydroelectric development, realize high altitude localities
The fine quantitative observation technology for seeing gas nuclear properties of water body, can be high altitude localities cavitation and cavitation erosion, air mixing corrosion reducing and water environment protection
Equal researchs are provided fundamental basis and research method.
Claims (7)
1. under a kind of hypobaric in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, be observed using observation device, the sight
Surveying device includes: the vacuum mold molding box equipped with vacuum valve, water inlet valve and a drain valve, the sheet laser connecting with vacuum mold molding box, with
The laser emitter of sheet laser connection, the isochronous controller connecting with laser emitter and is separately connected with isochronous controller
Computer and CCD camera；Image pick-up card is equipped in the computer, image pick-up card is connected with CCD camera, it is characterised in that
Observation procedure is as follows:
(1) drain valve for closing vacuum mold molding box, opens the vacuum valve on vacuum mold molding box top cover, vacuum pump is opened, to vacuum
The indicating value of pressure gauge is stablized after target air pressure, and vacuum valve and vacuum pump are closed；
(2) inlet valve is opened, water body to be measured is slowly injected into, blends water sample sufficiently with vacuum gas in case, is closed after the completion of water filling
Close inlet valve；
(3) observation is after vacustat, fine tuning air pressure to target air pressure；
(4) pre- shooting water body gas core image, analyzing water body gas core movement speed, when gas core movement speed is less than 20 μm/s, then
Formal acquisition image；
(5) after the completion of acquiring image, sheet laser, laser emitter and CCD camera are closed, opens the drain valve of vacuum mold molding box,
It is vented vacuum mold molding box；
(6) distribution of gas core and size are calculated using the recognition methods of gas core, its step are as follows:
A, the gray value for identifying acquired image, obtains background gray scale peak value G0 and particle gray scale peak value G1；
B, the point by gray value of image less than (G0+G1)/2 is adjusted to 0, removes background interference, avoids cabinet wall surface bubble and outer
The influence of environment light source；
C, the point by gray value of image greater than 1.5G1 is adjusted to 0, rejects the particle outside overexposure particle and laser light sheet；
D, it identifies particle outer profile, particle shape factor is calculated as followsf:f=c 2/4πA, in which:cFor particle circumference,AFor particle
Elemental area；
E, willfParticle gray value greater than 1.2 is adjusted to 0, rejects non-approximated circular particle；
F, particle size is calculated, in 5 μm ~ 100 μ ms is gas core, calculates the distribution of gas core and size.
2. under hypobaric according to claim 1 in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, it is characterised in that:
Pressure vacuum gauge is additionally provided on the vacuum mold molding box.
3. under hypobaric according to claim 1 in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, it is characterised in that:
The vacuum valve is connected by PVC steel wire tube with vacuum pump.
4. under hypobaric according to claim 1 in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, it is characterised in that:
The inlet valve is connected by pipeline with upper water box, and the position of upper water box is higher than vacuum mold molding box.
5. under hypobaric according to claim 1 in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, it is characterised in that:
The vacuum mold molding box is made of top cover and cabinet；Cabinet shell is organic glass, thickness 15mm or more；Inner wall attaches one layer thoroughly
Bright glass；Seal with elastometic washer is used between cabinet and top cover；The background surfaces of vacuum mold molding box are homogeneous black.
6. under hypobaric according to claim 5 in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, it is characterised in that:
The side wall of the cabinet is equipped with drain valve；Top cover is equipped with inlet valve.
7. under hypobaric according to claim 1 in water body gas core NATURAL DISTRIBUTION observation method, it is characterised in that:
The illumination of the CCD camera imaging is more than or equal to 0.00002Lux；Camera lens is micro-lens, can to 5 μm or more of gas core at
Picture.
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| CN107941461A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-04-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of device calculated jet stream and hold tolerance under the arm |
| CN108225728B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2020-06-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring and calculating relationship between jet velocity and air carrying capacity |
| CN110411888A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-11-05 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of height above sea level influences flotation bubble characteristic measuring device and method |
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| CN107505240A (en) | 2017-12-22 |
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