CN107504920B - Slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107504920B CN107504920B CN201710481890.6A CN201710481890A CN107504920B CN 107504920 B CN107504920 B CN 107504920B CN 201710481890 A CN201710481890 A CN 201710481890A CN 107504920 B CN107504920 B CN 107504920B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005476 size effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optical Transform (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing, and relates to the technical field of inclination measuring devices. The device comprises a flexible matrix, an optical fiber grating and a reinforcing plate which are respectively connected with the flexible matrix, and an optical fiber for connecting the optical fiber grating; and gaps are arranged between the reinforcing plates, and the positions of the fiber gratings correspond to the positions of the gaps. The slope model sliding measurement device based on optical fiber sensing is designed according to the monitoring requirement of a reduced scale slope model, has no size effect, and can realize quasi-distributed measurement of sliding and deformation of the reduced scale slope model by adjusting the length of a flexible substrate, the length and the number of reinforcing plates and the number of optical fiber gratings, so that the monitoring of the high spatial resolution of the slope can be realized at low cost. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, easy packaging, strong practicability, high sensitivity and quasi-distributed measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of inclination angle measuring devices, in particular to a slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing.
Background
China is a country where geological disasters occur very frequently and losses are very serious. Landslide is a very outstanding problem in geological disasters, and serious interference secret and loss are required to be brought to departments of national economy construction. Because a considerable part of people still live in hillside and toe areas at present, sudden landslide brings immeasurable loss to life and property safety of local residents, and along with more and more development of national economy and basic construction of railways, highways and the like in western areas where national demands are met, the sudden landslide threatens the normal traffic safety of the country and also causes serious economic loss and severe social influence. Especially, along with important strategic measures for the balance and sustainable development of western development and other areas in China, western areas with complex and changeable topography such as longitudinal and transverse, high and steep slopes and the like are faced with a large number of landslide (side) projects, and landslide and side slope accidents are increased. Therefore, the method is very important for the research of the sliding mechanism of the high and steep slope and the early warning and forecasting of the landslide.
The side slope model test plays an important role in the research of landslide movement, and can effectively research the landslide movement mechanism, the accumulation characteristics of a landslide body and the like. Therefore, aiming at main influencing factors of slope deformation and instability, the indoor scale slope model instability and damage simulation test work is developed, the indoor scale model test results are summarized, an instability mode analysis model of a slope system is established and verified, the slope deformation characteristics and the instability damage mode are discussed in a mechanism, and the method has important theoretical significance and practical value for scientifically guiding slope control, guaranteeing slope stability and ensuring engineering construction and life and property safety of people.
In model experimental studies, a plurality of tilt sensors are usually connected together by a connection structure and then fixed for measurement. Because the traditional inclination sensor structure is large in size and is connected through the connecting structure, the sensor structure is large in overall size, and can not be well suitable for sliding and deformation measurement of the reduced scale slope model, and particularly, the realization of quasi-distributed sliding and deformation measurement of the reduced scale slope model becomes extremely difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slope model sliding measurement device based on optical fiber sensing, which is used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, an inclination sensor is large in structural size and difficult to adapt to sliding and deformation measurement of a reduced scale slope model, and particularly realizing quasi-distributed sliding and deformation measurement of the reduced scale slope model.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the slope model sliding measurement device based on optical fiber sensing comprises a flexible matrix, an optical fiber grating and a reinforcing plate which are respectively connected with the flexible matrix, and an optical fiber for connecting the optical fiber grating; and gaps are arranged between the reinforcing plates, and the positions of the fiber gratings correspond to the positions of the gaps.
Further, the fiber bragg grating is arranged on the front side of the flexible substrate, and the reinforcing plate is arranged on the rear side of the flexible substrate.
Further, the flexible substrate is in a strip shape, and the length direction of the fiber bragg grating is parallel to the length direction of the flexible substrate.
Further, the width of the gap between the adjacent reinforcing plates is not smaller than the length of the fiber bragg grating.
Further, the fiber bragg gratings are at least two, more than two fiber bragg gratings are arranged along the length direction of the flexible substrate, the reinforcing plates are at least three, and more than three reinforcing plates are arranged along the length direction of the flexible substrate; the fiber bragg gratings are sequentially connected in series through optical fibers along the length direction of the flexible matrix.
Further, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the flexible substrate are parallel to each other, and the orthographic projection of the fiber bragg grating on the rear side surface of the flexible substrate is positioned between the two reinforcing plates.
Further, the flexible matrix is a rubber member, the reinforcing plate is a stainless steel member, and the fiber bragg grating is a Bragg fiber bragg grating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the slope model sliding measurement device based on optical fiber sensing is designed according to the monitoring requirement of the reduced slope model, has no size effect, and can realize quasi-distributed measurement of sliding and deformation of the reduced slope model by adjusting the length of the flexible matrix, the length and the number of the reinforcing plates and the number of the optical fiber gratings, so that the monitoring of high spatial resolution of the slope can be realized at low cost. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, easy packaging, strong practicability, high sensitivity and quasi-distributed measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bending state of a slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-flexible matrix, 2-fiber bragg grating, 3-reinforcing plate and 4-fiber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing provided by the invention is now described. As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing comprises a flexible matrix 1, an optical fiber grating 2 and a reinforcing plate 3 which are respectively connected with the flexible matrix, and an optical fiber 4 for connecting the optical fiber grating 2; and gaps are arranged between the reinforcing plates, and the positions of the fiber gratings correspond to the positions of the gaps.
Compared with the prior art, the slope model sliding measurement device based on the optical fiber sensing is designed according to the monitoring requirement of the reduced scale slope model, has no size effect, and can realize quasi-distributed measurement of sliding and deformation of the reduced scale slope model by adjusting the length of the flexible substrate 1, the length and the number of the reinforcing plates 3 and the number of the optical fiber gratings 2, so that the monitoring of the high spatial resolution of the slope can be realized at low cost. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, easy packaging, strong practicability, high sensitivity and quasi-distributed measurement.
Specifically, the flexible substrate 1 may be made of a material with long service life and high flexibility such as rubber, the reinforcing plate 3 may be made of a material with corrosion resistance and high rigidity (elastic modulus) such as stainless steel, the fiber bragg grating 2 may be made of a common fiber bragg grating 2, and the fiber bragg gratings 2 are connected to form an array through optical fibers 4 and connected with the detection device. Specifically, the fiber gratings 2 may be connected in series through the optical fibers 4. The fiber bragg grating 2 and the reinforcing plate 3 are respectively stuck on the front side and the rear side of the flexible substrate 1, so that a rigid section of the rear side sticking reinforcing plate 3 and a deformation section of the front side sticking fiber bragg grating 2 are formed on the flexible substrate 1. The position of the fiber grating 2 on the front side of the flexible substrate 1 corresponds to the gap between the reinforcing plates 3 on the rear side of the flexible substrate 1, so as to sense the deformation of the flexible substrate 1. The fiber bragg grating 2 and the reinforcing plate 3 can be adhered to other sides of the flexible substrate 1, so that the position of the fiber bragg grating 2 corresponds to the gap between the adjacent reinforcing plates 3. The number of the reinforcing plates 3 and the fiber gratings 2 is set according to the actual measurement requirement of the slope model, and generally, tens, hundreds or even more can be set.
When the slope model sliding measuring device based on optical fiber sensing is used, the slope model sliding measuring device based on optical fiber sensing is buried into the monitored reduced scale slope model, and when deformation or sliding occurs in the slope model, the flexible substrate 1 can bend along with the deformation of the slope model. Since the rigidity of the portion of the flexible substrate 1 to which the reinforcing plate 3 is attached increases with the reinforcing plate 3, only the portion of the flexible substrate 1 at the gap of the reinforcing plate 3 is completely deformed to generate strain, and the strain at that portion is transmitted to the fiber bragg grating 2 attached to that portion, and the reflection center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating 2 changes with the change of the strain due to the optical characteristics of the fiber bragg grating 2 itself. The sliding quantity (deformation quantity) monitoring of the slope model can be realized by demodulating the central wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the fiber bragg grating 2 by establishing a functional relation between the sliding quantity (deformation quantity) of the slope and the strain (bending angle) of the flexible matrix 1 and a functional relation between the strain (bending angle) of the flexible matrix 1 and the central wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the fiber bragg grating 2 through mathematics and a physical model.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, as a specific embodiment of the slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing according to the present invention, the optical fiber grating 2 is disposed on the front side of the flexible substrate 1, and the reinforcing plate 3 is disposed on the rear side of the flexible substrate 1. The fiber bragg grating 2 is positioned on the same side of the flexible matrix 1, so that the fiber bragg grating 2 is conveniently connected in series through the optical fibers 4, and meanwhile, the fiber bragg grating 2 is conveniently protected during installation and use. Specifically, the flexible substrate 1 is in a strip flat shape, the rear side surface is bonded with a plurality of reinforcing plates 3, a certain gap is formed between every two adjacent reinforcing plates 3, and the front side surface of the part of the flexible substrate 1 positioned at the gap between the reinforcing plates 3 is bonded with the fiber bragg grating 2.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, as a specific embodiment of the slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing provided by the present invention, the flexible substrate 1 is in a strip shape, and the length direction of the optical fiber grating 2 is parallel to the length direction of the flexible substrate 1. The fiber bragg grating 2 is adhered to the flexible substrate 1, and the length direction of the fiber bragg grating 2 is parallel to the length direction of the flexible substrate 1, so that the fiber bragg grating 2 can better capture the bending deflection of the flexible substrate 1.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, as a specific embodiment of the slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing provided by the present invention, the width of the gap between adjacent reinforcing plates 3 is not smaller than the length of the optical fiber grating 2.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, as a specific embodiment of the slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing provided by the present invention, the optical fiber gratings have at least two, and more than two optical fiber gratings 2 are arranged along the length direction of the flexible substrate 1, the reinforcing plates have at least three, and more than three reinforcing plates 3 are arranged along the length direction of the flexible substrate 1; the fiber bragg gratings 2 are serially connected in sequence along the length direction of the flexible substrate 1 through optical fibers 4. The plurality of fiber gratings 2 are arranged in series in a row along the length direction of the flexible substrate 1, so that the measuring range and the measuring precision of the slope model sliding measuring device based on the fiber sensing in the embodiment are increased. The number of fiber gratings 2 connected in series can be set according to the measurement requirement. Further, the fiber gratings 2 are arranged in two or more rows along the length direction of the flexible substrate 1, and each row is arranged in series. The influence of lateral deformation on measurement can be corrected by arranging more than two columns.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, as a specific embodiment of the slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing provided by the present invention, the front side and the rear side of the flexible substrate 1 are parallel to each other, and the orthographic projection of the fiber grating 2 on the rear side of the flexible substrate 1 is located between two reinforcing plates 3. The front side surface and the rear side surface of the flexible substrate 1 are parallel, so that the whole structure is simple, the manufacturing is easy, and meanwhile, the calculation is convenient.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, as a specific embodiment of the slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing provided by the present invention, the flexible substrate 1 is a rubber member, the reinforcing plate 3 is a stainless steel member, and the fiber bragg grating 2 is a bragg fiber bragg grating 2.
For a particular embodiment, a particular analysis is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the flexible substrate 1 is a rectangular strip made of rubber, the reinforcing plate 3 is a strip made of stainless steel, and the fiber bragg grating 2 is adopted as the fiber bragg grating 2. The fiber bragg grating 2 and the reinforcing plate 3 are respectively adhered to the front side and the rear side of the flexible substrate 1; the rear side of the flexible matrix 1 is provided with five reinforcing plates 3 along the length direction, the front side of the flexible matrix 1 is provided with four fiber gratings 2 which are sequentially connected in series along the length direction, the fiber gratings 2 correspond to the gap positions between the reinforcing plates 3, and the lengths of the fiber gratings 2 are the same as the gap lengths between the reinforcing plates 3.
When the flexible substrate 1 between the two reinforcing plates 3 deforms, the deformation can be approximately regarded as bending deformation of the flexible substrate 1, the surface deformation amount of the flexible substrate 1 is approximately equal to the relative corner arc length, and the geometric arc length formula can be known:
Δl＝rθ (1)
wherein θ is the bending angle of the flexible substrate 1, namely the inclination angle (calculated by radian) of the slope; r is the thickness of the flexible substrate 1.
The strain of the fiber grating 2 attached to the flexible substrate 1 is about:
wherein epsilon is the strain of the fiber bragg grating 2; Δl is the deformation of the flexible substrate 1 to which the fiber bragg grating part is attached, and is also the deformation of the fiber bragg grating 2; l is the length of the flexible substrate 1 in the relaxed state of the part to which the fiber grating 2 is attached, and is the length of the attached part of the fiber grating 2.
The relationship between the center wavelength and strain of the fiber grating 2 is:
wherein Deltalambda is the variation of the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating 2; the center wavelength of the lambda fiber grating 2; pe is the elasto-optical coefficient of the fiber material.
The inclination angle measurement sensitivity of the slope model sliding measurement device based on the optical fiber sensing can be obtained by taking the formulas (1) to (3) into the calculation formula of the sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating 2:
as can be seen from the above, the inclination angle measurement sensitivity of the slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing is directly proportional to the thickness r of the flexible substrate 1, inversely proportional to the length l of the flexible substrate 1 in a relaxed state with the optical fiber grating 2 adhered thereto, and when r is 10mm and l is 20mm, the sensitivity of the inclination angle measurement device is as high as 10545pm/° (6.045 ×10) as that of the optical fiber grating 2 of 1550nm commonly used in engineering 5 Picometers per radian) far higher than the sensitivity of fiber bragg grating tilt sensors in current literature.
As shown in fig. 4, assuming that the pitch of the reinforcing plates 3 is N, the relationship between the slip amount and the inclination angle of the slope model is as follows:
m＝Nsinθ (5)
wherein m is the slip amount of the slope model within the length range of the single reinforcing plate 3, N is the distance between the reinforcing plates 3, and θ is the slip angle of the slope at the corresponding position of the reinforcing plate 3.
The whole slip quantity M of the slope model is as follows:
M＝∑Nsinθ (6)
the reinforcing plates 3 can be adhered to the rear side of the flexible substrate 1 at equal intervals according to monitoring requirements, and can also be adhered to the rear side of the flexible substrate 1 at unequal intervals, but the distance between the reinforcing plates 3 is required to be not smaller than the length of the fiber bragg grating 2. Furthermore, the length of the reinforcing plate 3 can be shortened as much as possible, and the spatial resolution of the slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing can be improved.
The technical features not specifically described in the above embodiments may be the same as those in other embodiments.
The positional concepts such as "upper" and "lower" mentioned in the above description of the embodiments should be understood as positional relationships of the embodiments of the present invention in a conventional state, which are merely for clarity of description of the embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The slope model sliding measurement device based on optical fiber sensing is characterized by comprising a flexible matrix (1), an optical fiber grating (2) and a reinforcing plate (3) which are respectively connected with the flexible matrix, and an optical fiber (4) for connecting the optical fiber grating (2); the fiber bragg grating (2) is arranged on the front side of the flexible substrate (1), and the reinforcing plate (3) is arranged on the rear side of the flexible substrate (1); the flexible substrate (1) is a rubber member; gaps are formed between the reinforcing plates, and the positions of the fiber gratings correspond to the positions of the gaps; the width of the gap between the adjacent reinforcing plates (3) is not smaller than the length of the fiber bragg grating (2); the fiber bragg gratings are at least two, more than two fiber bragg gratings (2) are arranged along the length direction of the flexible substrate (1), the reinforcing plates are at least three, and more than three reinforcing plates (3) are arranged along the length direction of the flexible substrate (1); the fiber bragg gratings (2) are sequentially connected in series through optical fibers (4) along the length direction of the flexible substrate (1).
2. The slope model slip measurement device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 1, wherein the flexible substrate (1) is in a strip shape, and the length direction of the optical fiber grating (2) is parallel to the length direction of the flexible substrate (1).
3. The slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 1, wherein the front side and the back side of the flexible substrate (1) are parallel to each other, and the orthographic projection of the optical fiber grating (2) on the back side of the flexible substrate (1) is located between the two reinforcing plates (3).
4. A slope model slip measuring device based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the reinforcing plate (3) is a stainless steel member, and the optical fiber grating (2) is a bragg fiber grating (2).
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| CN111307346A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-19 | 山东大学 | Side slope critical slip surface monitoring system and method |
| CN114001686A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-02-01 | 湖北震泰建设工程质量检测有限责任公司 | Device for monitoring displacement deformation of sliding surface of soil slope |
| CN115077407B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Slope damage simulation detection device and method based on fiber bragg grating |
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