CN107504072A - The preparation method of rolling bearing - Google Patents
The preparation method of rolling bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107504072A CN107504072A CN201710678759.9A CN201710678759A CN107504072A CN 107504072 A CN107504072 A CN 107504072A CN 201710678759 A CN201710678759 A CN 201710678759A CN 107504072 A CN107504072 A CN 107504072A
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- bearing
- iron
- retainer
- cast
- rolling bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6696—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/38—Ball cages
- F16C33/44—Selection of substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
- F16C33/56—Selection of substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- F16C2204/62—Low carbon steel, i.e. carbon content below 0.4 wt%
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
Abstract
A kind of preparation method of rolling bearing is provided, inner and outer ring and retainer in rolling bearing, has abandoned bearing steel, and used ductile cast iron material instead；And to the preparation of its spheroidal graphite cast-iron pipe, it is proposed that a kind of new casting method.Great change has been made to the selection of the material of bearing ring and retainer, heat processing technique and hardness, the advantages of being intended to a rolling bearing and self-lubricating plain bearing combines, for the equipment manufactures such as metallurgical machinery provide it is a kind of can self-lubricating bearing of the long-term work under " rotating speed is relatively low, operating temperature is higher, be difficult to often filling lubricant grease, be frequently hit " operating mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bearing preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of rolling bearing.This bearing is suitable to make
Used in rotating speed is relatively low, operating temperature is higher but is difficult under the frequent operating mode for filling lubricant grease, being frequently hit.
Background technology
The effect of bearing is to reduce the phase mutual friction between the axle of operating and static axle bed, and then, bearing is moistened
Slide with reducing friction resistance and extend eternal theme of its life-span as bearing.People have invented axle sleeve and sliding bearing before this,
Invented the sliding bearing of self-lubricating again later, but the frictional resistance of sliding friction is big, can not be applicable the work of middle and high speed rotation
Condition.The birth of rolling bearing solves this problem, so as to obtain extensive commercial Application, turns into the logical of most basic most critical
Use parts.Because dosage is huge, its capability and performance and life-span are most important, and people develop special steel grade for this ---
Bearing steel, and formulated various general or special manufacturing process specification.The resistance of rolling friction is significantly less than slip and rubbed
Wipe, this is the basic reason that rolling bearing is better than sliding bearing.But sliding bearing can use self-lubricating mode, and the axis of rolling
Hold and but have always a demand for periodically filling lubricant grease.In following operating modes, this requirement is often not being met：
1st, in the higher occasion of the environment temperatures such as metallurgical machinery, continually periodically filling grease is obviously very cumbersome.According to
Code requirement, rolling bearing periodically fill the interval time of grease on the basis of 70 DEG C of running temperature, more than this temperature, filling
Time interval is just needed to shorten, and the 1/10 of reference time length is foreshortened to when foreshortening to 1/4,120 DEG C of reference time length at 100 DEG C；
2nd, some bearings are mounted in the cardia of large scale equipment, in order to lubricate and disassemblerassembler is cumbersome；
3rd, the bearing in transportation equipment, it is difficult to tracking and maintenance after dispatching from the factory.
In view of the above circumstances, in fact the enterprise of absent-mindedness is compared in equipment maintenance and management, substantial amounts of rolling bearing is dry
Operated under andfrictional conditions, thereby resulted in the early time discards and waste of material of bearing.Therefore, people are just generated to rolling for many years
The expectation of dynamic bearing self-lubricating, and made a variety of effort, such as invent sintered metal powder bearing.The space of P/m Bearing Materials
Middle oil-containing, the effect of self-lubricating is served, but the strength of materials is low, abrasive wear is serious, and applicable situation is limited.Isothermal hardening ball
The appearance of black cast iron (abbreviation ADI), hope is brought for the manufacture of self-lubricating bearing.But the spheroidal graphite of conventional cast is cast
Iron, matrix is thicker, and non-graphitic state (Oxygen potential, S. G. count) is bad, " Austria-iron tissue " obtained after isothermal hardening with
Graphite form, can not although can meet requirement of the in general equipment manufacturing to material Strengthening and Toughening combination property well
With on rolling bearing.Reason is：
1st, rolling bearing is under the premise of normal use, is the point contact fatigue between revolute pair the main reason for failure damage
Damage.It is exactly one in fact for matrix although graphite present in spheroidal graphite cast-iron can contribute lubricant effect
Individual small hole and pit.If graphite nodule not rounding, if sphere diameter is larger, this hole and pit will turn into point contact
The germinating point of fatigue crack opens split plot, and the graphite form that conventional cast is obtained is bad, is not enough to avoid turning into contact fatigue
Germinating point；
2nd, the casting that conventional casting methods are provided, unavoidably containing stomata, sand holes, slag inclusion and shrinkage defect, can not show a candle to
Bearing steel blank after forging is fine and close；
3rd, the as-cast structure of conventional cast spheroidal graphite cast-iron is thicker, causes Quenching Soaking Time and isothermal during isothermal hardening to turn
Become time lengthening (being respectively more than 1.5 and 2 hours), heat treatment efficiency is low, and product cost increases, the structure property obtained
Non-optimal；
4th, although the cast iron profile material of horizontal continuous-casting realizes cast iron materials tissue fine and closely wovenization and is even up to zero-fault,
But this method is difficult to draw out hollow profile, it is clear that can not meet needs of the bearing ring to blanks shape.
The presence of above-mentioned design misgivings, hinder the step that people are used to ductile cast iron material manufacture self-lubricating bearing
Cut down, so that not there is the appearance of self-lubricating bearing yet so far.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that：A kind of preparation method of rolling bearing is provided, to bearing ring and retainer
Material selection, heat processing technique and hardness have made great change, it is intended to which the advantages of rolling bearing and self-lubricating plain bearing is tied
Altogether, for the equipment manufactures such as metallurgical machinery provide it is a kind of can long-term work " rotating speed is relatively low, operating temperature is higher, is difficult to
Often filling lubricant grease, be frequently hit " self-lubricating bearing under operating mode.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention：Inner and outer ring and retainer in rolling bearing, have abandoned bearing steel, and use instead
Ductile cast iron material；And to the preparation of its spheroidal graphite cast-iron pipe, it is proposed that a kind of new casting method.Details are as follows：
1st, the inside race of this bearing and outer collar by spheroidal graphite cast-iron after isothermal hardening obtained by " iron tissue difficult to understand ",
That is ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) material is made.The material composition of lasso equivalent to common Q T600-3,
The high intensity continuous casting spheroidal graphite cast-iron such as QT700-2, it is into being grouped into：C：3.4-3.7, Si：2.3-2.7, Mn：0.2-0.7, Cr：
0.1-0.3, Cu≤0.8, S≤0.05, P≤0.05, Fe：Surplus.
2nd, the ductile iron material that this retainer is selected is cast equivalent to the high tenacity continuous casting such as QT350-22, QT400-18 spheroidal graphite
Iron, it is into being grouped into：C：3.1-3.4, Si：2.6-3.3, Mn ＜ 0.2, S≤0.03, P≤0.03, Fe：Surplus.This material
Need to carry out the high temperature anneal after casting.
3rd, the as cast condition required by the inner and outer ring of this bearing and isothermal hardening metallographic structure are extremely fine and closely woven.Because graphite is spherical
Shape size and the fine or not degree positive correlation of casting matrix, therefore the situation of its metallographic structure can be characterized by graphite form.Will
Ask：The Oxygen potential of graphite need to be close to or up more than 95%, and the quantity of graphite nodule need to reach 300/mm2More than.Quenched through isothermal
Hardness after fire is in more than HRC55, and ballistic work is in more than 9J.The requirement of retainer can reduce, but Oxygen potential also should be
More than 85%, graphite nodule density is in 200/mm2More than, and high annealing should be carried out.
4th, in order to obtain above-mentioned harsh as-cast structure and performance, it is impossible to continue to use traditional casting method to prepare ductile iron pipe
Base, and must be using method proposed by the present invention come continuously casting.Casting method is：
4.1 build the continuous casting holding furnace of structure as shown in Figure 1 by laying bricks or stones, and " L " type passage therein forms U-typed together with crystallizer
Passage, molten iron are continuously injected into from passage left port, finally enter the cylindrical space of crystallizer, are proceeded by from cylinder towards circle
" the radial inflow unidirectional solidification " of the heart.
A pair of rollers directly over 4.2 crystallizers hold the seeding pipe that crystallizer has been inserted in its lower end, can upwards between
With having a rest formula slow drawing.After molten iron in device to be crystallized is condensated as a whole with seeding pipe, starts drawing, solidify one in a crystallizer
The tubing for determining thickness is pulled out crystallizer step by step.Adjust drawing speed, it is ensured that the pipe wall thickness drawn reaches required
Size.
4.3 after certain length is drawn to, and the another set of servo-actuated mechanical mechanism directly over drawing mechanism blocks pipe in time,
And place.And drawing caster body still works without cessation, continuous production is realized.
The fusing of 4.4 molten iron and composition configuration, breed with the work such as spheroidising, carried out with reference to current technique.Lasso and
The composition of retainer differs, but is all magnesium iron continuous casting tubing, and Hubbing method is just the same.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of：
1st, the magnesium iron tissue in the present invention, is made up of the tough Austria-iron tissue having both and graphite nodule, is exactly these intensive point
The graphite nodule of cloth, endlessly lubricant is provided for rolling bearing；
2nd, rounding and the graphite nodule of fine and closely woven distribution, the both friction for bearing revolute pair provides lubricant, can avoided again a little
Contact fatigue is damaged.The magnesium iron hollow profile of vertical continuous casting, Oxygen potential are up to 95% or so, further improved after isothermal hardening
The roundness of graphite, reduce hole concave rib side sharp corner fatigue and open the probability split；Number of graphite ball is more, reach 300-700/
mm2, such fine and closely woven graphite, its maximum near coal-mine area, 7 grades of graphite nodules (200/mm only in national standard2, it is conventional cast institute energy
The minimum graphite of acquisition) near coal-mine area 1/tens, close to the carbide size in bearing steel, also far smaller than axle
The instantaneous touch area of middle rolling element and lasso is held, therefore fatigue crack source will not be turned into；
3rd, fine and closely woven Isothermal Quenching Structure, bearing internal external landing component is made to be provided with good comprehensive mechanical performance.It is inside and outside
20-40% high carbon austenitic in lasso, in the process of running, top layer can be changed into martensite after by the rolling of rolling element, enter
One step improves hardness and wearability, and the silicone content in continuous casting section bar in ferrite is higher, and the hardness after quenching is than normal iron element
The hardness of body is higher by 2-3 times, effectively increases the bulk strength of lasso, and austenite and ferritic structure effectively prevent fatigue to split
The deep development of line, the ballistic work of material is improved jointly, extends bearing service life；
4th, frame material is kept to use high-toughness ductile iron instead, while its plasticity is equivalent to low-carbon steel material, graphite therein
Ball may also function as self-lubricating function.
5th, temperature rise is low, and the thermal conductivity factor of ductile iron material is about more than 100, bigger one times than the thermal conductivity factor (50) of steel, rubs
Chafing, which can rapidly transfer out, to be come.In addition, the anti-tempered performance of ductile iron material is higher than steel, worked in higher temperatures environment,
Hardness will not reduce, in addition the good heat conductivity of cast iron, can rapidly transfer out by frictional heat, reduce bearing temperature.
The temperature rise of the made bearing of ductile iron material is relatively low, may operate in temperature (~200 DEG C) environment no more than austempering medium；
6th, noise is low, and the shock absorption of ductile iron material is more than steel, it is possible to reduce the noise of rolling bearing；
7th, in light weight, the weight of ductile iron material is lighter than steel by 10% under same volume；
8th, compared with forging blank, the allowance of the magnesium iron hollow profile of high speed and precision continuous casting is small, and is moved back without nodularization
Fire, manufacturing process are simple.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 to draw the continuously casting principle schematic of the magnesium iron continuously cast billet for pipe-making of bearing ring, (show by continuously casting principle
It is intended to).
Fig. 2 is the gold of three kinds of graphite nodules of highest level and continuous casting hollow profile graphite nodule in national standard GB/T9441-2009
Phase constitution comparison diagram (comparison of 6,7,8 grades of size of graphite ball density and continuous casting graphite in casting national standard).
Fig. 3 is GCr15 steel quenching structures metallographic structure figure (100 times of amplification) (bearing steel by quenching tissue).
Fig. 4 is magnesium iron quenching structure in the present invention (1000 times of amplification) (continuous casting magnesium iron Isothermal Quenching Structure).
Fig. 5 is bearing snare semi-finished product isothermal quenching technique schematic diagram (the Continuous Casting Ductile Iron Pipes material isothermal hardening work of the present invention
Skill (inner and outer ring material)).
Fig. 6 is retainer rough annealing process schematic representation (the Continuous Casting Ductile Iron Pipes material annealing process (bearing of the present invention
Keep frame material)).
Magnesium iron continuously casting hollow tube of the present invention, optimal cast iron materials are provided for isothermal hardening technology.
The advantage of this continuously casting is：First, for the process of setting of identical wall thickness tubing, the cooling velocity of continuously casting is sand
Tens times of die cast, it is 4-5 times of centrifugal casting, it is also faster than the cooling velocity of horizontal casting.Powerful cooling velocity carries
Powerful phase varying force and nucleation rate have been supplied, has obtained extremely fine and closely woven as-cast structure, the volume of its crystal grain or eutectic cell is to pass
Unite the 1/8-1/10 cast；Second, molten iron needs to flow through "U" shaped passage and can enter crystallizer, air, bits and sand etc.
Debris floats thereon at sprue gate, will not enter crystallizer with the larger molten iron of proportion, in the tube wall at solidification and crystallization
There is no stomata, sand holes, dreg defect；Third, molten iron is realized from cylinder to the unidirectional of center portion in the cylindrical graphite set of crystallizer
Directional solidification, it is extremely fine and close without shrinkage porosite layer；Fourth, compared with horizontal casting, the process of setting of tubing radially is not by the earth's core
The influence of gravitation, therefore in the circumference of the same isometrical layer of tube wall, chemical composition and metallographic structure uniformity, hardness error are small
In 1 (HRC), and the chemical composition in the isometrical layer circumference of horizontal casting solid profile is less uniform, and hardness is missed after causing quenching
Difference is sometimes more than 3 (HRC).
In the present invention, the inner and outer ring of bearing, its blank material are taken from the spheroidal graphite cast-iron hollow profile of continuously casting,
And means of isothermal quenching is have passed through, its metallographic is that fine and closely woven globular graphite is embedded with " Austria-iron tissue ".In " Austria-iron tissue "
The nano-grade size rich in carbon atom and silicon atom austenite and ferrite, provided for bearing ring material good strong
Toughness matches, and wear-resisting, impact resistance, 20-40% retained austenite both improves fatigue durability, can induce strain-hardening again and make
Lasso surface abrasion resistance；The Oxygen potential of graphite is 95% or so, and graphite nodule density is in 300/mm2More than, all reach traditional ADI
Tissue is difficult to the height reached.Globular graphite provides self-lubricating for rolling friction, absorbs vibration and the effect of quick conductive, its
Highly fine and closely woven distribution the characteristics of turn avoid trigger point-like Contact Fatigue Crack Propagation.Bearing roller continues to use traditional bearing steel, but firmly
Degree is identical or slightly higher with lasso.Retainer is manufactured with continuously casting and annealed magnesium iron hollow profile (QT400-22).
Compared with bearing steel, the quenching hardness of ductile iron material causes it to be difficult to apply on high rotating speed bearing in HRC55 or so.So
The scope of application of self-lubricating bearing is limited in that " rotating speed is relatively low, 200 DEG C of operating temperature below and is difficult to frequent by the present invention
Lubrication, frequently it is hit " within the scope of.
Above-described embodiment, simply presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore all with this
The equivalence changes that content described in invention claim is done, it all should be included within scope of the invention as claimed.
Embodiment
1-6 describes embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The material of rolling bearing prepares and processing method, comprises the steps：
1) prepared by the blank tube material of bearing internal external snare：Molten iron, molten iron Initial Composition are melted using medium-frequency induction furnace
(%) is：C：3.4-3.7, Si：1.3-1.7 (is adjusted) according to the required magnesium iron trade mark, Mn：0.2-0.7, Cr：0.1-0.3, Cu≤
0.8, S≤0.05, P≤0.05, Fe：Surplus.
2) breed and spheroidising：Using spheroidal graphite cast-iron silicon iron inoculator and nickel magnesium, ambrose alloy nodulizer, make the end of molten iron
Silicon amount reaches 2.3-2.7%, the residual content 0.04% or so of magnesium；The incorporation of rare earth and titanium is avoided in operation as far as possible in the hope of obtaining highest
Oxygen potential.
3) prepared by the blank tube material of retainer：Molten iron, molten iron Initial Composition (%) are melted using medium-frequency induction furnace
For：C：3.1-3.4, Si：1.5-2.1 (is adjusted) according to the required magnesium iron trade mark, Mn ＜ 0.2, S≤0.03, P≤0.03, Fe：It is remaining
Amount.
4) breed and spheroidising：Using spheroidal graphite cast-iron silicon iron inoculator and rare earth magnesium nodularizer, make the whole silicon of molten iron
Amount reaches 2.3-2.7%, the residual content 0.04% or so of magnesium.
5) on the special continuous casting equipment shown in Fig. 1, magnesium iron tubing is drawn；The internal diameter of magnesium iron tubing is than bearing internal external lasso
The small 4-5mm of the internal diameter of finished product or retainer finished product, its external diameter are bigger 3-4mm than the external diameter of bearing internal external lasso finished product or retainer.
Specific pulling process comprises the steps：
5.1) the U-shaped passage of flame preheating insulation stove, its lower surface temperature is made to be more than 800 DEG C；
5.2) steel pipe that external diameter is slightly smaller than graphite cannula internal diameter is clamped with a pair of drawing disk rollers directly over the crystallizer
Upper end, and steel pipe lower end insertion graphite cannula is reached into crystallizer medium position；Helicla flute is formed with the steel pipe lower end inner wall face,
Freeze after being immersed so as to molten iron and be integrally formed with steel pipe；
5.3) melt and configure the suitable molten iron of composition, 1500 DEG C or so are come out of the stove, and pour into bull ladle, carry out inoculation,
Pour into again in molten iron casting bag, hydraulic cylinder works tilt pouring ladle, and molten iron is gradually injected in the U-shaped passage of holding furnace；
5.4) when the highly a little higher than crystallizer medium position of the molten iron level in U-shaped passage and steel pipe lower end helicla flute is submerged
When stop cast, the precooling dead time is determined according to the hollow cast tube diameter that need to be drawn, now molten iron is in a crystallizer from export-oriented
Inside start to solidify, the precooling dead time terminate after start mechanical pulling rolls wheel and start drawing, and after drawing starts, by hydraulic cylinder
The molten iron casting holding of control continues the pouring molten iron into U-shaped passage, liquid level in crystallizer is remained more than portion high wherein
Degree；
5.5) when the steel pipe rising of seeding, after its lower end exceedes mechanical pull roller 1-2 rice, the shut-off mechanism above disk roller
Work, blocks hollow cast tube, and unload to pick and place and be placed in ground；
5.6) according to the wall thickness situation for being truncated tubing, adjustment drawing parameter is (when such as drawing step pitch, drawing gap are paused
Between, crystallizer water pressure of cooling water etc.), pipe thickness is reached required size and inner hole precision；
5.7) at the end of drawing, after the molten iron in molten iron casting bag is all poured out, the plug for rushing down iron hole is opened, is gushed
Whole molten iron in U-typed passage, simultaneously close off drawing electromechanical source.
5.8) when continuous casting insulation furnace temperature is reduced to close to room temperature, the water inlet pipe of crystallizer is closed.
6) after to bearing internal external snare turnery processing, before grinding, means of isothermal quenching is carried out.Specifically, will
Inside and outside snare semi-finished product after rough turn are heated to 900-920 DEG C, below wall thickness 10mm lasso, are incubated 60min or so, wall thickness
More than 10mm lassos, thickness often increase 1mm, soaking time increase 2min, after soaking time is enough, rapid 200-230 DEG C of immersion
Isothermal media slot in (such as salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride), retention time 90-120min, go out air cooling after groove, then continue in Rinsing Area, rinse salt
Bar；Nitrate groove is sufficiently large, and is furnished with agitating device, to ensure that temperature is uniform.Remaining process (smart car, grinding and qualitative processing
Deng) identical with current technique, here is omitted；
7) semi-finished product lasso structure and hardness, the graphite nodule rate in its metallographic structure is examined to reach 95% or so,
The number of graphite is in 300/mm2More than, ferritic hardness is than ferritic hardness in normal cast sturcture in matrix
More than one times is higher by, hardness requirement reaches more than HRC55；
8) preparation of bearing holder material：After to retainer turnery processing, before finishing, semi-finished product are made
More than 760 DEG C of annealing；Remaining processing technology is identical with current technique, and here is omitted；
9) semi-finished product retainer structure is examined, tubing tissue is all ferrite, Oxygen potential 1-3 levels, graphite nodule 200
Individual/mm2More than；
10) hardness of ball and roller is identical with inner and outer ring hardness in bearing, or is only higher by 1-2 degree；The material of rolling element
Material still continues to use bearing steel, and processing technology is identical with current technique, and here is omitted；
11) by above-mentioned inside and outside snare, ball and fender bracket, routinely technique is assembled.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of rolling bearing, the material selection of the rolling bearing, in addition to ball, roller continue to use bearing steel, remaining
Part is characterised by：
1) inside race of this bearing and outer collar by spheroidal graphite cast-iron after isothermal hardening obtained by " iron tissue difficult to understand ", i.e.,
ADI materials are made, and unconventional bearing steel.The material composition of lasso is equivalent to high intensity such as common Qs T600-3, QT700-2
Continuous casting spheroidal graphite cast-iron, i.e. C：3.4-3.7, Si：2.3-2.7, Mn：0.2-0.7, Cr：0.1-0.3, Cu≤0.8, S≤0.05, P≤
0.05, Fe：Surplus.
2) in the as-cast structure of the bearing internal external lasso, graphite nodule rate requirement up to 95% or so, the quantity of graphite nodule will
Seek up to 300/mm2More than.
3) material that the retainer of this bearing is obtained after annealing by high-tenacity nodular cast iron is made, and unconventional mild steel.
The material composition of retainer is equivalent to the high tenacity continuous casting spheroidal graphite cast-iron such as common Q T350-22, QT400-18, i.e. C：3.1-3.4
Si：2.6-3.3, Mn ＜ 0.2, S≤0.03, P≤0.03, Fe：Surplus；
4) in the as-cast structure of the retainer, graphite nodule rate requirement more than 85%, the quantitative requirement of graphite nodule is up to
200/mm2More than.
2. the preparation method of rolling bearing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The self-lubricating bearing it is inside and outside
Lasso and retainer, it is continuously casting and the spheroidal graphite cast-iron hollow profile that goes out that it, which manufactures material therefor, and unconventional model
Casting and centrifugal casting pipe.
3. the preparation method of rolling bearing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described hollow cast iron tubing it is continuous
Casting method, draw magnesium iron tubing.The internal diameter of magnesium iron tubing is smaller 4-5mm than the internal diameter of bearing internal external lasso and retainer finished product,
Its external diameter is bigger 2-4mm than the external diameter of bearing internal external lasso and retainer finished product.
4. the preparation method of rolling bearing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bearing internal external lasso adds in turning
After work, before grinding, means of isothermal quenching is carried out.Isothermal hardening obtains ferritic hardness in matrix and cast than tradition
Make ferritic hardness in (sand casting, centrifugal casting etc.) tissue and be higher by more than one times, i.e. HB >=200.Inner and outer ring integral hardness
It is required that reach more than HRC55, impact toughness value >=10J.
5. the preparation method of rolling bearing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Carried out slightly to retainer blank material
After Vehicle Processing, before finishing, to make more than 760 DEG C of annealing, after annealing, the metallographic of inspection semi-finished product retainer
Tissue and structure, it is desirable to be all ferrite, Oxygen potential 1-3 levels, 200/mm of graphite nodule2More than；Integral hardness is HB140-
180。
6. the preparation method of rolling bearing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In bearing the hardness of ball and roller with
Inner and outer ring hardness is identical, or is only higher by HRC1-2 degree.
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| CN108588545A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-28 | 河北硕凯铸造有限公司 | A kind of GGG70L spheroidal graphite cast-iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN108644231A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-10-12 | 芜湖之优轴承有限公司 | A kind of deep groove ball bearing processing technology |
| CN109852875A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-07 | 第一拖拉机股份有限公司 | A kind of low-alloy austempored ductile iron CADI wear-resistant material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110565006A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-13 | 西安理工大学 | rod end joint bearing based on structure enabling material and preparation method |
| TWI763428B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-05-01 | 光隆精密工業股份有限公司 | Circular spline applied to harmonic drive, manufacturing method thereof and harmonic drive |
| US20230175553A1 (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2023-06-08 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing and method for producing same |
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| TWI763428B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-05-01 | 光隆精密工業股份有限公司 | Circular spline applied to harmonic drive, manufacturing method thereof and harmonic drive |
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Application publication date: 20171222 |