CN107503222B - Efficient air filtering PM2.5The hydroxyapatite overlength nanowire-based composite paper - Google Patents
Efficient air filtering PM2.5The hydroxyapatite overlength nanowire-based composite paper Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/02—Layered materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/54—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms
- B01D46/546—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms using nano- or microfibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/08—Filter paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
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Abstract
The invention relates to a PM (particulate matter) capable of efficiently filtering air2.5The hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper comprises hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and micron fibers, wherein the weight ratio of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires to the micron fibers is 10: 1-1: 10, preferably 5: 1-1: 5. the invention takes the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire and the micron fiber as raw materials to prepare the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper with good flexibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficiently filtering fine Particulate Matter (PM) in air2.5The hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper belongs to the field of air filtration and purification.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the air pollution caused by industrial production and urban life is becoming more serious. In recent years, a large range of haze weather appears in many cities of China, and the health of people is seriously threatened. Fine Particles (PM) with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in atmospheric particulates2.5) Is the main contaminant therein. Because the particle size of the particles is small, the particles are easy to carry a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, have long retention time in the air and long delivery distance, and are easy to enter the deep part of the lung of a human body through a respiratory tract to cause respiratory tract and cardiovascular diseases. Researches show that fine particles in the air can be applied to the immune system of human body and infantsThe growth and development of infants and the nervous system are seriously harmed. Along with the improvement of living standard, people gradually improve the consciousness of physical health and environmental protection and pay more attention to the problem of air pollution.
The newly revised "environmental air quality Standard" was fully implemented in 2016, and newly added PM to this Standard2.5And (4) particle detection indexes. How to reduce the fine particulate matter inhaled into such air has been the subject of attention. PM to air with people2.5Of increasing concern with air PM2.5Filtration related products are greatly sought after.
At present, the portable air filtering materials in the market mainly comprise common gauze, filtering cotton, non-woven fabrics, active carbon and other filtering materials. Common gauze, non-woven fabrics and other air filtering materials are commonly used, the fiber diameter is thick, the pore space between fiber structures is overlarge, the filtering efficiency is low, the filtering effect on particles above 10 microns is good, but the filtering effect on PM of fine particles is good2.5The filtration efficiency of (2) is low. The active carbon has strong adsorption performance, but has poor filtering performance on fine gas suspended particles, and is gray black, so that the use appearance of the product is influenced. In addition, the air permeability of the particle filtering products is poor, the filtering efficiency is low, and the filtering products with good air permeability and high filtering efficiency are urgently needed to be developed so as to meet the daily life requirements of people.
Hydroxyapatite is an important calcium phosphate inorganic biomaterial, is a main inorganic component of bones and teeth of vertebrates, and has excellent biocompatibility. The hydroxyapatite nano material and the composite material thereof are mainly applied to the biomedical fields of drug transportation, biological imaging, tumor treatment, bone defect repair, antibiosis and the like. The traditional hydroxyapatite material is irregular in shape, microspheres, short rods or sheets, and is not suitable for being used as a filtering material for daily air purification. The traditional hydroxyapatite ceramics have high brittleness and poor air permeability, and are difficult to prepare into high-flexibility air filtering materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the micron fiber in the common gauze and non-woven cloth materials has too large pores and can not efficiently adsorb and filter airPM2.5The invention aims to provide a composite material which has good biocompatibility, is environment-friendly, has good air permeability and can efficiently filter PM in air2.5The preparation process is simple and convenient, and the preparation method and the application of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper are provided.
On one hand, the invention provides hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper, which comprises hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and micron fibers, wherein the weight ratio of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires to the micron fibers is 10: 1-1: 10, preferably 5: 1-1: 5.
the invention utilizes the nano-size, high specific surface area and rich charges on the surface of the hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire and the self-assembled nano-pore structure, and also utilizes the micron size of the micron fiber and the staggered pores to regulate and control the pores, thereby not only realizing the regulation of the PM fine particles in the air2.5The composite paper has high efficiency of adsorption and filtration, good air permeability and is beneficial to improving the flexibility and the mechanical strength performance of the composite paper.
Preferably, the diameter of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire is 5-200 nanometers, and the length of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire is 20-2000 micrometers.
Preferably, the length of the micron fiber is not less than 10 microns, the diameter of the micron fiber is 1-100 microns, and the micron fiber is at least one of plant fiber, animal fiber and mineral fiber.
Preferably, the thickness of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 50-5000 micrometers.
Preferably, the weight of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 10 to 500 g/m, and preferably 50 to 200 g/m.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper, which comprises the following steps of: 1-1: 10, dispersing in a solvent, and obtaining the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper through suction filtration, separation and drying.
Preferably, the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire is prepared by a solvothermal method or a hydrothermal method.
Preferably, the solvent is water or/and ethanol. Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃ and the drying time is 1-10 minutes.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides a mask comprising the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper.
In a fourth aspect, the invention also provides an application of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper in indoor air purifiers, automobile air purifiers, air conditioners and window screens of buildings.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire and the micron fiber as raw materials to prepare the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper with good flexibility. The composite fiber paper combines the characteristics of high air permeability of micron fibers, rich charges on the surface of hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and a nano-pore structure formed by self-assembly, and can be used for treating fine particulate matters (in the form of PM) in air2.5And PM10For example) has a high-efficiency adsorption filtration function. The method adopts inorganic nano biological materials and micron fibers as raw materials, the obtained hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper has the advantages of good biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, good air permeability, high filtering efficiency, simple and convenient preparation process, easy realization of commercialization and the like, is expected to be applied to devices such as daily protective masks, indoor air purifiers, automobile air purifiers, air conditioner filter screens, window screen windows and the like, and can effectively filter and remove PM in air2.5Effectively improving the air quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of cotton fibers;
fig. 3 and 4 are scanning electron micrographs of hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper of example 2 at different magnifications;
fig. 5 and 6 are digital photographs of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper having a diameter of 20 cm prepared in example 6;
fig. 7 is a digital photograph of the gauze-based hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper having a diameter of 20 cm prepared in example 7;
FIG. 8 is a digital photograph of example 7 in which a gauze-based hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper was inserted into a general mask (size: 17.2X 9.3 cm).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive.
The invention provides a hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire with high flexibility, and the hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire can efficiently adsorb and filter PM in air2.5The hydroxyapatite overlength nanowire-based composite paper is composed of the hydroxyapatite overlength nanowires and the micron fibers, and the proportion of the hydroxyapatite overlength nanowires and the micron fibers can be adjusted at will according to application requirements. The weight ratio of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire to the micron fiber can be 10: 1-1: 10, preferably 5: 1-1: 5. if the weight ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nano wire is too high, the air permeability of the hydroxyapatite overlong nano wire is seriously influenced; if the microfiber weight ratio is too high, it is to PM2.5The filtration efficiency of (2) is reduced. The thickness range of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper can be 50-5000 micrometers.
In the invention, the diameter of the single hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire can be 5-200 nanometers, and the length of the single hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire is 20-2000 micrometers.
In the present invention, the microfibers may be any fibers having a size in the micrometer range, including but not limited to vegetable fibers, animal fibers, and/or mineral fibers. The diameter of the micron fiber can be 1-100 microns, and the length of the micron fiber is generally not less than 10 microns. The basis weight of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper can be 10-500 g/square meter, and preferably 50-200 g/square meter.
The hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire can be prepared by a preparation method including but not limited to a solvothermal method or a hydrothermal method, and can be prepared by methods reported in published patents and literatures, for example: the hydroxyapatite paper has the advantages of cinnabar, strong road acrylic, aged peak, high flexibility, high temperature resistance and non-combustibility, and the preparation method thereof, and the patent number is ZL 201310687363.2; Yong-GangZhang, Ying-Jie Zhu Feng Chen, Jin Wu, Materials Letters,144,135-137 (2015); Ying-Ying Jiang, Ying-Jie Zhu, Feng Chen, Jin Wu, Ceramics International,41, 6098-; heng Li, Ying-Jie Zhu, Ying-Ying Jiang, Ya-Dong Yu, Feng Chen, Li-YingDong, Jin Wu, ChemNanoMat,3, 259-268 (2017). The solvothermal process comprises: (1) mixing fatty acid and alcohol, and adding a water-soluble calcium salt aqueous solution and a strong alkaline aqueous solution under stirring to form a fatty acid calcium precursor, wherein the fatty acid is a medium-chain or long-chain fatty acid, preferably at least one of stearic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid, and more preferably at least one of stearic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid; (2) adding a water-soluble phosphorus source water solution, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 1 hour to 7 days at the temperature of 100-250 ℃; (3) and centrifugally separating the obtained product, and washing with ethanol and water to obtain the hydroxyapatite nanowire. The molar ratio of fatty acid to water-soluble calcium salt may be 1: 5-100: 1. the water-soluble calcium salt comprises calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate and the like and hydrates thereof, and the molar concentration of the water-soluble calcium salt aqueous solution can be 0.01-10 mol/L. The molar ratio of the fatty acid to the strong base may be 1: 10-10: 1. the strong base comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or calcium hydroxide, and the molar concentration of the strong base aqueous solution can be 0.01-10 mol/L. The molar ratio of the water-soluble calcium salt to the water-soluble phosphorus source can be 1: 10-10: 1. the water-soluble phosphorus source comprises sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and hydrates thereof, and the molar concentration of the water-soluble phosphorus source aqueous solution can be 0.01-10 mol/L. The alcohol comprises ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol and/or butanol. The invention can also adopt other proper preparation methods as long as the hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire can be prepared.
Dispersing the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and the micron fibers in a solvent (for example, the solvent can adopt water, ethanol or a mixture of the water and the ethanol), uniformly stirring, filtering the obtained suspension, forming, and drying to obtain the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper. The drying temperature can be 60-120 ℃, and the drying time can be 1-10 minutes. As an example, dispersing the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and the micro fibers in a solvent, wherein the solvent can be water, ethanol or a mixture of the water and the ethanol, stirring uniformly, filtering and forming the obtained suspension, and drying at 60-120 ℃ for 1-10 minutes to obtain the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper.
Or dispersing the hydroxyapatite ultralong nano-wires and the micron fibers in a solvent to obtain a suspension solution. Spreading the substrate material (such as medical gauze, cotton cloth, nitrile cloth, polyester cloth, etc.) on the surface of the filter, filtering with the suspension, separating, and drying to form the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper directly on the substrate.
The hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper provided by the invention can be used for treating fine particle PM in air2.5Has the functions of high-efficiency adsorption, filtration and removal of PM in air2.5And PM10The filtration efficiency of (2) is higher than 95%. The invention prepares the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper by taking the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and the micron fibers as raw materials. The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient operation, no need of complex and expensive equipment, and easy realization of large-scale production. Hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper for fine particle PM in air2.5Has high-efficiency adsorption and filtration functions, can be applied to devices such as daily protective masks, indoor air purifiers, automobile air purifiers, air conditioner filter screens, window screen windows and the like, and can effectively remove PM in the air2.5Effectively purify the air and improve the air quality.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
Preparation of hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire
The hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire can be prepared by referring to CN103626114A, and the hydroxyapatite super-long nanowire is obtained, as shown in fig. 1.
Example 1:
dispersing 30.1 mg of hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire and 7.5 mg of cotton fiber in a mixed solvent of 50 g of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 4 cm, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 3 minutes, and separating to obtain the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire to the cotton fiber is about 4: 1, the thickness is 99 micrometers, and the quantitative amount of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 30 g/square meter.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10Filtration efficiency of the particles: fixing the prepared hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire paper in an air filter, and measuring the filtering efficiency, PM, of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire paper in the atmospheric environment2.5The concentration is measured by a particle counting air quality detector, and the filtering efficiency calculation method comprises the following steps: (C)0–Cc)/C0X is 100%; wherein C is0And CcRespectively PM in gas not filtered by hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire paper and PM in gas filtered by hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire paper2.5And (4) concentration.
And (3) testing air permeability: the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire composite paper is fixed in an air filter, and the gas flow rate is controlled to be 5 cm/s. And (3) measuring the pressure difference before and after filtration by using a digital display type differential pressure gauge, wherein the pressure difference reflects the air permeability of the composite paper.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10The filtration efficiencies of the particles were 98.16% and 99.31%, respectively, and the filtration pressure difference was 463 Pa.
Example 2:
dispersing 22.6 mg of hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire and 15.1 mg of cotton fiber in a mixed solvent of 50 g of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 4 cm, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 3 minutes, and separating to obtain the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire to the cotton fiber is about 3: 2, thickness 105 microns. The ration of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 30 g/square meter.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10The filtration efficiency and air permeability of the particles were the same as in example 1. PM (particulate matter)2.5And PM10The filtration efficiencies of the particles were 96.08% and 97.55%, respectively, and the difference in filtration pressure was 128 Pa.
Example 3:
dispersing 15.1 mg of hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire and 22.6 mg of cotton fiber in a mixed solvent of 50 g of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 4 cm, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 3 minutes, and separating to obtain the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire to the cotton fiber is about 2: 3, thickness 112 microns. The ration of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 30 g/square meter.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10The filtration efficiency and air permeability of the particles were the same as in example 1. PM (particulate matter)2.5And PM10The filtration efficiency of the particles was 57.65% and 79.71%, respectively, and the difference in filtration pressure was 48 Pa.
Example 4:
dispersing 7.5 mg of hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire and 30.1 mg of cotton fiber in a mixed solvent of 50 g of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 4 cm, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 3 minutes, and separating to obtain the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire to the cotton fiber is about 1: 4, thickness 120 microns. The ration of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 30 g/square meter.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10Filtration efficiency and permeation of particlesThe method of gas properties was the same as in example 1. PM (particulate matter)2.5And PM10The filtration efficiencies of the particles were 27.76% and 42.21%, respectively, and the difference in filtration pressure was 23 Pa.
Example 5:
dispersing 37.7 mg of cotton fibers in a mixed solvent of 50 g of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 4 cm, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 3 minutes, and separating to obtain the cotton fiber paper with the thickness of 128 microns. The basis weight of the cotton fiber paper is 30 g/square meter.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10The method of the filtration efficiency of the particles was the same as in example 1. PM (particulate matter)2.5And PM10The filtration efficiencies of the particles were 7.34% and 21.04%, respectively, and the difference in filtration pressure was 10 Pa.
Example 6:
dispersing 565.2 mg of hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire and 376.8 mg of cotton fiber in 500 g of mixed solvent of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 20 cm, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 5 minutes, and separating to obtain the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire to the cotton fiber is about 3: 2, the prepared hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper has high flexibility and the thickness of 107 microns. The ration of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 30 g/square meter.
Measurement of PM2.5And PM10The method of the filtration efficiency of the particles was the same as in example 1. PM (particulate matter)2.5And PM10The filtration efficiencies of the particles were 95.89% and 98.02%, respectively, and the difference in filtration pressure was 138 Pa.
Example 7:
dispersing 565.2 mg of hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire and 376.8 mg of cotton fiber in 500 g of mixed solvent of ethanol and water (mass ratio is 4: 1), uniformly stirring, pouring the obtained suspension into a sand core funnel with the diameter of 20 cm and the diameter of 1 mm of medical gauze, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 95 ℃ for 5 minutes, and separating to obtain the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire-based composite paper, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite overlong nanowire to the cotton fiber is about 3: 2, the prepared hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper has high flexibility and a thickness of 375 microns, as shown in fig. 7. The basis weight of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 95 g/square meter.
The obtained hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper was cut and embedded in cotton fiber (size: 17.2 × 9.3cm) to obtain a digital photograph of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper with gauze as a substrate embedded in a common mask (size: 17.2 × 9.3cm), as shown in fig. 8. Measurement of PM2.5And PM10The method of the filtration efficiency of the particles was the same as in example 1. PM (particulate matter)2.5And PM10The filtration efficiencies of the particles were 95.26% and 97.28%, respectively, and the difference in filtration pressure was 153 Pa.
Table 1 shows the performance parameters of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper prepared in examples 1 to 7 of the present invention:
according to the detection result, the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper prepared by the invention can efficiently adsorb, filter and remove fine particulate matter PM in air2.5And (3) adjusting the weight ratio of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires to the micron fibers to obtain the pollutants with the filtering efficiency higher than 95%.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire, wherein the length of the single hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire is not less than 100 microns, and the diameter of the nanowire is about 20 nanometers;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of cotton fibers having a diameter of about 5 to about 20 microns;
fig. 3 and 4 are scanning electron micrographs of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper of example 2 at different multiples, and it can be seen from fig. 3 and 4 that the cotton fiber serves as a "skeleton" and is uniformly crossed with the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire to form a porous structure, thereby improving air permeability.
Industrial applicability: the preparation method is simple in preparation process, does not need to use complex and expensive equipment, and is expected to realize large-scale preparation and commercial production. The hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper can be applied to devices such as daily protective masks, indoor air purifiers, automobile air purifiers, air conditioner filter screens and window screen windows, meets the air purification requirement under the haze weather condition, can effectively improve the air quality, and has a good application prospect.
Claims (9)
1. Be arranged in high-efficient adsorption filtration air PM2.5The hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is characterized by comprising hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires and micron fibers, wherein the weight ratio of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires to the micron fibers is 3: 2-1: 5; the diameter of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire is 5-200 nanometers, and the length of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire is 20-2000 micrometers; the length of the micron fiber is not less than 10 microns, the diameter of the micron fiber is 1-100 microns, and the micron fiber is at least one of plant fiber, animal fiber and mineral fiber.
2. The hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper is 50-5000 micrometers.
3. The hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper according to claim 1, wherein the basis weight of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper is 10 to 500 g/m.
4. The hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper according to claim 3, wherein the basis weight of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper is 50 to 200 g/m.
5. A method for preparing the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowires and the micro fibers are mixed according to a weight ratio of 3: 2-1: and 5, dispersing the obtained product in a solvent, and then carrying out suction filtration, separation and drying to obtain the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire is prepared by a solvothermal method or a hydrothermal method.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the solvent is water or/and ethanol.
8. A mask comprising the hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based composite paper according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
9. Use of the hydroxyapatite ultra-long nanowire-based composite paper according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in indoor air purifiers, automotive air purifiers, air conditioners, windows of buildings.
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| CN106772846A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of inorganic fire-retarded refractory heat-insulating band and its application |
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| CN106772846A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of inorganic fire-retarded refractory heat-insulating band and its application |
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