CN107493194B - Method for designing flexible node model of spatial information network - Google Patents
Method for designing flexible node model of spatial information network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a space-ground space information network architecture, and aims to provide a flexible node model which has strong expansibility, can enhance the service capability of a space system, can reduce the construction cost of the space information system, and has a multidimensional elastic node model. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: in the model node, the function service module is divided into a software service sub-module and a hardware service sub-module which comprise a software algorithm library, a network system module corresponding to a space physical platform adopts a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer, five layers of ISO protocol network configuration layers are used as a father type model of virtual composition and virtual functions, all nodes in the space network derive various subclasses of a space information network backbone node, an indirect access node, a direct access node and a function subnet node from the father type model through function interfaces, and different platforms are realized. The invention enhances the service capability of the space system through the space physical platform with decoupled functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network in the field of spatial information networks.
Background
The spatial information network is a network system which takes a spatial platform, such as a synchronous satellite, a medium-low orbit satellite, an stratospheric balloon, a manned or unmanned aircraft and the like as a carrier and acquires, transmits and processes spatial information in real time, is a complex heterogeneous network consisting of various networks in the sky, is limited by resources such as frequency spectrum, orbit and the like, and is difficult to expand the space-time coverage range by increasing the number of spatial nodes and improving the capacity of the nodes. High dynamic motion of space nodes, complex network time-space behavior, large difference of service types, requirement of spatial network reconstruction and scalable capacity. The difficulty is that the conventional network can adopt a graph model and an optimization theory based on a static topology, and the spatial network relates to various heterogeneous dynamically-changed node connections. The method realizes the high-efficiency networking of the space nodes, and relates to the subjects of mathematics, space navigation, communication and the like. The space nodes and links are dynamically changed and sparsely distributed, so that the multipoint-to-multipoint information transmission capacity is changed along with the time-varying space-variant of the network topology, and the reliability and stability of the real-time end-to-end transmission capacity optimization under large space-time span become outstanding problems. The core problem of acquisition, processing, networked sharing and application service of multi-dimensional and multi-scale spatial information is the bottleneck of link transmission and processing, and on one hand, the method relates to feature extraction and sparse representation of the spatial information; on the other hand, due to the fact that multidimensional information scales are different and space-time references are different, fusion processing of discrete space-time sampling is subject to fundamental problems such as deep and accurate representation of information space-time characteristics. Because the access network comprises various low-orbit satellites and various air-based platforms, the spatial information network structure has the characteristics of dynamic change and the like, and how to realize the integrated design among various nodes of different networks is a major problem to be solved by the spatial information network. The construction of the distributed constellation is an important means for relieving space resource constraint, namely a geosynchronous orbit and a unique space position thereof, a stable long-term link can be established between a ground station and a satellite, continuous communication or observation can be carried out on the same region, and the distributed constellation is a preferred orbit position of the communication, meteorological and other satellites. A large number of satellites for earth observation and the like are launched in the future 10-20 years. With the improvement of information acquisition technology, transmission bandwidths required by the satellites are larger and larger, the single east four-platform synchronous orbit satellite is difficult to meet the requirements of throughput, processing capacity and the like of backbone nodes of a space information network, and an effective means must be adopted to solve the contradiction between the capability requirements of the backbone nodes and the bearing capacity of the satellite platform. At present, the design of the space network node is mainly classified from the function point of view, and a method tightly coupled with a terminal application typically includes an information acquisition node (a node having information acquisition and generation, such as an earth observation satellite, a deep space probe, and the like), and a node having information transmission, distribution, and exchange capabilities of a transmission and distribution node, such as a GEO satellite, a gateway station, and the like. The storage processing node has nodes with storage and processing capabilities, such as GEO satellites, information grid nodes and the like, and the user terminal has nodes with information receiving and application capabilities, such as a ground user terminal and the like. This design method has certain drawbacks: firstly, the node networking form cannot be highlighted by the design based on the function, that is, the node design method is also from the perspective of the traditional satellite, but not from the perspective of the spatial information network, and the networking view of the node is displayed. Secondly, the structure of the node is rigid due to the design method, namely the platform and the function are tightly coupled, so that the flexibility and the expandability of the node form are poor, the overall architecture of the spatial information network is lack of elasticity, and the maintenance and the management of the network are difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the lack of frequency and rail positions of backbone nodes, the weak bearing capacity of a satellite platform and the like, the invention provides a space-ground space information network architecture which can enhance the service capacity of a space system, has strong expansibility, can reduce the construction cost of the space information system, provides reference for constructing a stable and reliable space information network in the future and has a multi-dimensional elastic node model, and aims to overcome the defects of the existing space information network node design.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following measures: a method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network has the following technical characteristics: the flexible node model of the spatial information network comprises a spatial physical platform, a network system module and a functional service module, wherein the spatial physical platform is formed by sequentially overlapping a comprehensive front-end module, a transmission and exchange module and a comprehensive processing module, the flexible node model divides the functional service module into a software service submodule and a hardware service submodule which comprise a software algorithm library, the network system module adopts a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer corresponding to the spatial physical platform, five layers of ISO protocol network configuration layers are used as a father type model of virtual composition and virtual function, all nodes in the spatial network derive backbone nodes of a spatial information network backbone node model, spatial information network access points and various functional subnet nodes of the spatial information network functional node model from the father type model through functional interfaces, the spatial information network backbone node model divides the backbone nodes into first-level backbone nodes and indirectly divides the backbone nodes into user backbone nodes through the first-level backbone nodes A secondary backbone node providing a service channel; the space information network access node model functionally divides the access nodes into direct access nodes mainly comprising mobile communication satellites and indirect access nodes for providing access for information acquisition satellites, completes information aggregation and forwarding of various functional subnet nodes and user terminals, and simultaneously transmits information to the backbone nodes; the flexible node model, the backbone node model, the access node model and the functional node model construct a plurality of functional space information networks meeting the requirements of comprehensive management, information sharing and distribution through the design of links among nodes, and the service capability of the space system is enhanced through decoupling of three functions of a physical platform, a network protocol and a functional service. .
Compared with the existing spatial information network node design, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the service capability of the space system is enhanced. The invention designs a flexible node model of a spatial information network from three aspects of physical platform composition, network system and functional service, divides a functional service module into a software service submodule and a hardware service submodule which comprise a software algorithm library, has elasticity in multiple dimensions of physical composition, network protocol and functional service, and enhances the service capability of the spatial system through the spatial physical platform with function decoupling.
And the expansibility is strong. The invention designs a physical platform, a network protocol and a functional service for the node form from three aspects, and derives various subclasses of backbone nodes, access nodes, functional nodes and the like of the spatial information network by taking the physical platform, the network protocol and the functional service as a parent class model. Through flexible design of multiple dimensions, the node can obtain better flexibility and expandability. Meanwhile, a standard model library is provided for the construction of a spatial information network, and the method can be used for various application services integrated all over the earth. The network system module adopts a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer corresponding to a space physical platform, and five layers of ISO protocol network configuration layers are used as a father type model of virtual composition and virtual functions, a plurality of types of subclass nodes are derived according to the father type model, and the whole space information network is constructed through the design of nodes and links among the nodes, so that the whole network can meet various functional requirements of comprehensive management, information sharing and distribution and the like. And a plurality of interfaces are fully reserved in the model node to facilitate subsequent expansion. Meanwhile, due to the structural consistency of the parent model, a standardized system architecture is provided for the design of various child nodes in the network.
The construction cost of the spatial information system is reduced. The invention adopts all nodes in the space network to derive various subclasses of backbone nodes, indirect access nodes, direct access nodes and functional subnet nodes of the space information network from the father class model through functional interfaces, and constructs core nodes to realize different platforms. When a single satellite fails, all functions of the backbone nodes are not affected through recombination scheduling, and high reliability of the system in a space complex environment can be achieved. The method realizes the unified management, interconnection and intercommunication and comprehensive utilization of resources and information among various satellite systems, provides a unified basic platform for the acquisition, processing, storage, transmission and distribution of space-based information, can greatly improve the construction benefits of the space information system, and reduces the construction cost. The method can provide reference for constructing a future stable and reliable spatial information network.
The invention is suitable for flexible node design of a spatial network with various node types, obvious heterogeneous characteristics, complex network structure and three-dimensional dynamic. The method is particularly suitable for the integrated design of the spatial information network.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the backbone node model of the spatial information network according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spatial information network access node model of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spatial information network functional node model according to the present invention.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1. In the embodiment described below, the flexible node model of the spatial information network has a spatial physical platform comprising a comprehensive front-end module, a transmission and exchange module and a comprehensive processing module which are sequentially overlapped, a network system module and a functional service module, wherein the flexible node model divides the functional service module into a software service submodule and a hardware service submodule comprising a software algorithm library, the network system module adopts a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer corresponding to the spatial physical platform, five layers of ISO protocol network configuration layers are used as a parent model of virtual composition and virtual function, all nodes in the spatial network derive various functional sub-network nodes of a backbone node model of the spatial information network, an access point of the spatial information network and a functional node model of the spatial information network through functional interfaces and the parent model, the backbone node model of the spatial information network divides the backbone nodes into first-level backbone nodes and second-level backbone nodes which indirectly provide service channels for users through the first-level backbone nodes; the space information network access node model functionally divides the access nodes into direct access nodes mainly comprising mobile communication satellites and indirect access nodes for providing access for information acquisition satellites, completes information aggregation and forwarding of various functional subnet nodes and user terminals, and simultaneously transmits information to the backbone nodes; the flexible node model, the backbone node model, the access node model and the functional node model construct a plurality of functional space information networks meeting the requirements of comprehensive management, information sharing and distribution through the design of links among nodes, and the service capability of the space system is enhanced through decoupling of three functions of a physical platform, a network protocol and a functional service. The ISO protocol network configuration layer comprises a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer application layer and a software algorithm library, wherein the physical layer completes the receiving and sending of signals, the link layer realizes the configuration of a multiple access mode and the encapsulation of a CCSDS protocol, the network layer processes IP data packets, the transmission layer ensures the reliable transmission of information, and the application layer compresses and primarily processes information data.
The physical platform comprises a comprehensive front-end module, a transmission and exchange module, a comprehensive processing module and the like, the network system adopts an ISO five-layer protocol, namely a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer, and the functional services are divided into two types, namely software services and hardware services. It should be noted that, in the model nodes, these are all used as virtual components and virtual functions, and the corresponding components and functions are specifically designed only when specific nodes are implemented. As a model parent class, all nodes in a space network can be derived from the model parent class, including backbone nodes, access nodes, functional nodes and the like, and the design of various nodes is completed by realizing different platforms and functional interfaces.
See fig. 2. The backbone node model of the spatial information network divides the backbone nodes into primary backbone nodes and secondary backbone nodes which indirectly provide service channels for users through the primary backbone nodes, wherein a comprehensive front end module corresponding to the primary backbone nodes of the spatial physical platform comprises a multi-channel laser front end and a Ka microwave phased array antenna, a spatial physical platform formed by sequentially overlapping an all-optical switching module, a photoelectric switching module, a signal processing module, an information processing module and a storage module, a cloud storage service module and a spatial mailbox software service module, and a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, an application layer and a software algorithm library which correspond to the layers, wherein the physical layer completes the transceiving of signals and the establishment of laser and microwave links, the data link layer completes the optical switching, the circuit switching and the like of large-capacity information, and the network layer completes the modulation and demodulation of signals, the baseband IP switching and other functions, the application layer completes the compression of information data and the production of data products. In the aspect of service, the service comprises hardware service and software service, the hardware service provides a cloud storage function for a user by using a large-capacity storage module, and the software service realizes a space mailbox, real-time subscription and distribution of on-board data products and the like. The primary backbone node mainly realizes the functions of transmission and exchange of space large-capacity data, signal information processing and the like, 5Gbps high-speed data transmission is completed through a multi-path laser front-end laser link, and aiming at the problem of low laser capture alignment speed, a Ka microwave antenna is adopted to guide the laser front end to perform rapid alignment; in the switching and transmission system of the first-level backbone node, the first-level backbone node realizes the spatial switching of multi-channel information by using all-optical switching and photoelectric mixed switching of an all-optical switching module and a photoelectric switching module; the signal processing subsystem of the primary backbone node is constructed in a comprehensive and modularized manner, and the digital frequency conversion, signal waveform generation, digital beam forming, pulse compression, target detection, real-time imaging, signal detection, parameter measurement, signal sorting, signal pairing, modulation identification, signal waveform demodulation, coding/decoding, protocol processing, interference suppression, spread spectrum despreading, measurement parameter processing and fuzzy signal de-processing of user signals are completed through dynamic loading of a software algorithm library. Meanwhile, in the aspect of information processing and management service, the primary backbone node receives the information through a unified general processing module, and preprocessing of radar signal reconnaissance information, communication signal reconnaissance information, microwave imaging reconnaissance information, space target reconnaissance information and information is achieved; the method realizes the multi-source information fusion processing capacity, the typical target identification capacity, the intelligence material production and distribution capacity, the network resource management of the access user and the user terminal, the access control and the route exchange. In addition, the mass storage module in the comprehensive processing module is used for storing mass information data, processing intermediate data cache, intelligence data, system configuration information, processor configuration files, system log files and the like.
On the network configuration level, the secondary backbone node comprises a space physical platform formed by sequentially overlapping a laser front-end module, a Ka antenna module, an all-optical switching module, a photoelectric switching module, a signal processing module and a storage module; in the aspect of network configuration, the secondary backbone node only comprises a network configuration layer formed by a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer and a software algorithm library, and an application layer is not included because data processing is not carried out. The software algorithm library mainly realizes the software of signal exchange, modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding and beam forming. The secondary backbone nodes do not directly provide hardware services and software services, but indirectly provide service channels for users through the primary backbone nodes.
Compared with the primary backbone node, the secondary backbone node is reduced in physical platform and provided service, mainly completes the functions of high-speed transmission and exchange module of signals, and does not perform on-satellite processing of high-level data. Compared with the physical platform of the primary backbone node, the physical platform of the secondary backbone node has the advantages that the comprehensive front-end module and the transmission switching module can be multiplexed, but the comprehensive processing module system mainly processes signals without information processing, data product generation and the like, and only a storage module with smaller capacity can be configured.
See fig. 3. The space information network access node model divides the access nodes into direct access nodes mainly based on the mobile communication satellite and indirect access nodes providing access for the information acquisition satellite, mainly completes information aggregation and forwarding of various functional subnet nodes and user terminals, and simultaneously transmits information to the backbone nodes. The direct access node is a space-based node which can directly access a service for a user terminal without a backbone node. The space access node model comprises a comprehensive front-end module, a space radio frequency exchange module and a comprehensive processing module. The comprehensive front-end module adopts S, L and Ka frequency band spot beam antenna to realize global real-time coverage on network configuration layer, the space radio frequency exchange module completes voice and data exchange processing among multiple channels of users, the comprehensive processing module completes signal processing, data storage and interactive voice and data service, and IP base band exchange and regeneration processing of user signal, such as modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding, etc. The direct access node comprises a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer and a software algorithm library, wherein the physical layer completes the receiving and sending of signals of a service user and the formation of spot beams, the data link layer realizes the circuit switching of the signals and configures an access system of the user, an MF-TDMA system is mainly considered, and the network layer completes the IP switching of baseband signals and the like. The services provided by the direct access node are mainly interactive voice and data services.
The indirect access node is a space-based node which needs to be assisted by the backbone node to provide service for the functional sub-network node. The physical platform mainly comprises an integrated front-end module and an integrated processing module. The spatial information network access node model comprises a comprehensive front-end module, a spatial radio frequency switching module and a comprehensive processing module, wherein the comprehensive front-end module is provided with a phased array antenna with S and Ka frequency bands and forms a trackable beam to realize real-time tracking of information acquisition satellites for remote sensing, reconnaissance and the like, and the comprehensive processing module is mainly used for completing radio frequency switching, signal processing, information processing, data storage, demodulation of various signals, gathering and packaging of information data and processing and forwarding of management information issued by backbone nodes. For various information needing to be transmitted in real time, a space switching function is also needed to be configured to realize the rapid transmission of the information to the backbone node, and for the information not needing to be transmitted in real time, a space switching module is not needed. In the network configuration layer, the indirect access node comprises a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer, an application layer and a software algorithm library, wherein the functions of the physical layer, the data link layer and the network layer are similar to those of the direct access node, the data link layer is accessed to the functional subnet node only in a space division multiple access + code division multiple access mode, the transmission layer can adopt an SCPS-TP protocol for ensuring the reliable transmission of node information, and the application layer is used for carrying out the processing of gathering, classifying, packaging, compressing and the like on various types of information to form an original data product or a low-level product and transmitting the original data product or the low-level product to the space backbone node. Similar to the secondary backbone node, the indirect access node does not directly provide service for the functional subnet node, but provides a channel for the service.
See fig. 4. The functional subnet nodes of the spatial information network functional node model mainly refer to space-based radar detection nodes, space-based remote sensing imaging nodes, space-based reconnaissance nodes, various adjacent space platforms, user terminal nodes and the like. The functional subnet nodes can independently complete functions of remote sensing information acquisition, scout data acquisition and the like. The functional subnet node physical platform comprises two parts of an integrated front-end module and an integrated processing module, wherein the integrated front-end module comprises S, C, X microwave antennas with various frequency bands, an optical front end, a signal processing module, an information processing module, a data storage module, a remote sensing information acquisition and investigation data acquisition module and the like, and the integrated processing module completes modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding processing of information, generation of primary data information and the like.
Claims (11)
1. A method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network has the following technical characteristics: the flexible node model of the spatial information network comprises a spatial physical platform, a network system module and a functional service module, wherein the spatial physical platform is formed by sequentially overlapping a comprehensive front-end module, a transmission and exchange module and a comprehensive processing module, the flexible node model divides the functional service module into a software service submodule and a hardware service submodule which comprise a software algorithm library, the network system module adopts a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer corresponding to the spatial physical platform, five layers of ISO protocol network configuration layers are used as a father type model of virtual composition and virtual function, all nodes in the spatial network derive backbone nodes of a spatial information network backbone node model, spatial information network access points and various functional subnet nodes of the spatial information network functional node model from the father type model through functional interfaces, the spatial information network backbone node model divides the backbone nodes into first-level backbone nodes and indirectly divides the backbone nodes into user backbone nodes through the first-level backbone nodes A secondary backbone node providing a service channel; the space information network access node model functionally divides the access nodes into direct access nodes mainly comprising mobile communication satellites and indirect access nodes for providing access for information acquisition satellites, completes information aggregation and forwarding of various functional subnet nodes and user terminals, and simultaneously transmits information to the backbone nodes; the flexible node model, the backbone node model, the access node model and the functional node model construct a plurality of functional space information networks meeting the requirements of comprehensive management, information sharing and distribution through the design of links among nodes, and the service capability of the space system is enhanced through decoupling of three functions of a physical platform, a network protocol and a functional service.
2. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 1, wherein: the integrated front-end module of the first-level backbone node corresponding to the space physical platform comprises a multi-path laser front end and a Ka microwave phased array antenna, the space physical platform is formed by sequentially overlapping an all-optical switching module, a photoelectric switching module, a signal processing module, an information processing module and a storage module, a cloud storage service module and a space mailbox software service module, and a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, an application layer and a software algorithm library which correspond to the layers, wherein the physical layer completes the transceiving of signals and the establishment of laser and microwave links, the data link layer completes the optical switching and circuit switching of large-capacity information, the network layer completes the modulation and demodulation of the signals and the baseband IP switching function, and the application layer completes the compression of information data and the production of data products.
3. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 2, wherein: the first-level backbone node realizes transmission exchange and signal information processing of space large-capacity data, 5Gbps high-speed data transmission is completed through a multi-path front-end laser link, and a Ka microwave antenna is adopted to guide the laser front end to carry out rapid alignment aiming at the problem of low laser capturing alignment speed.
4. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 3, wherein: in the switching and transmission system of the first-level backbone node, the first-level backbone node realizes the spatial switching of multi-channel information by using all-optical switching and photoelectric mixed switching of an all-optical switching module and a photoelectric switching module; the signal processing subsystem of the primary backbone node is constructed in a comprehensive and modularized manner, and the digital frequency conversion, signal waveform generation, digital beam forming, pulse compression, target detection, real-time imaging, signal detection, parameter measurement, signal sorting, signal pairing, modulation identification, signal waveform demodulation, coding/decoding, protocol processing, interference suppression, spread spectrum despreading, measurement parameter processing and fuzzy signal de-processing of user signals are completed through dynamic loading of a software algorithm library.
5. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 4, wherein: the first-level backbone node receives the intelligence information through the unified general processing module, and radar signal reconnaissance information, communication signal reconnaissance information, microwave imaging reconnaissance information, space target reconnaissance information, information preprocessing and multi-source information fusion processing capacity, typical target identification capacity, intelligence material manufacturing and distributing capacity, network resource management of access users and user terminals, access control and route exchange are achieved.
6. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 2, wherein: the secondary backbone node comprises a space physical platform formed by sequentially overlapping a laser front-end module, a Ka antenna module, an all-optical switching module, a photoelectric switching module, a signal processing module and a storage module.
7. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 6, wherein: in the aspect of network configuration, the secondary backbone node comprises a network configuration layer formed by a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer and a software algorithm library, wherein the software algorithm library comprises software programs of signal exchange, modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding and beam forming.
8. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 6, wherein: compared with the physical platform of the primary backbone node, the physical platform of the secondary backbone node has the advantages that the comprehensive front-end module and the transmission switching module are multiplexed, and the comprehensive processing module mainly processes signals without information processing and data product generation.
9. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 1, wherein: the spatial information network access node model comprises a comprehensive front-end module, a spatial radio frequency exchange module and a comprehensive processing module; the comprehensive front-end module adopts S, L and Ka frequency band spot beam antenna to realize global real-time coverage, and on the network configuration level, the space radio frequency exchange module completes the voice and data exchange processing among multiple paths of users, and the comprehensive processing module completes the IP baseband exchange and regeneration processing functions of signal processing, data storage and interactive voice and data service, modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding of user signals.
10. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 1, wherein: the functional subnet node of the spatial information network functional node model comprises: the system comprises space-based radar detection nodes, space-based remote sensing imaging nodes, space-based reconnaissance nodes, various adjacent space platforms and user terminal nodes, and a functional subnet node physical platform comprises: the comprehensive front-end module comprises S, C, X multi-frequency-band microwave antennas, an optical front end, a signal processing module, an information processing module, a data storage module and a remote sensing information acquisition and detection data acquisition module, and the comprehensive processing module completes modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding processing of information and generation of primary data information.
11. The method for designing a flexible node model of a spatial information network according to claim 1, wherein: the ISO protocol network configuration layer comprises a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transmission layer application layer and a software algorithm library, wherein the physical layer completes the receiving and sending of signals, the link layer realizes the configuration of a multiple access mode and the encapsulation of a CCSDS protocol, the network layer processes IP data packets, the transmission layer ensures the reliable transmission of information, and the application layer compresses and primarily processes information data.
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