CN101795221B - Networking topologic structure of fleet formation and design method for combined multi-address system - Google Patents

Networking topologic structure of fleet formation and design method for combined multi-address system Download PDF

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CN101795221B
CN101795221B CN 201010103932 CN201010103932A CN101795221B CN 101795221 B CN101795221 B CN 101795221B CN 201010103932 CN201010103932 CN 201010103932 CN 201010103932 A CN201010103932 A CN 201010103932A CN 101795221 B CN101795221 B CN 101795221B
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CN101795221A (en
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杨宜康
腾学剑
齐建中
熊蔚明
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National Space Science Center of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a networking topologic structure of fleet formation and a design method for a combined multi-address system, belonging to the technical field of the aviation data link, radio navigation and aircraft automation. The invention provides a multi-address system and a networking topologic structure for networking communication and measurement of fleet formation, meets the passive detection and location and the cooperative attack task of the fleet formation to the moving-target. The invention provides the networking topologic structure which can realize the combined multi-address system and support the fleet formation on a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) apparatus and a radio frequency channel on an intermediate-frequency signal processing circuit board of a fleet link terminal. The invention provides two novel multi-address access systems of communication topologic configuration, namely the CDMA Code Division Multiple Access)/FDAM combined multi-address communication system of the fleet formation based on cross-link networking topology and a graded hierarchical multi-address communication system of the fleet formation based on tree topology. The former can support a single-hop access mode of total network coverage and the latter provides a multiple-hop access mode of total network coverage.

Description

The group network topological structure that a group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method
Technical field
The present invention relates to group network topological structure and combination multiple access system design method that an a kind of group of planes is formed into columns, belong to aeronautical data chain, radionavigation, vehicle technology field.
Background technology
At present, domestic and international group of planes networking based on data chain system, typical as: Link-11, Link-16, JTIDS, etc.The access mode of these Data-Links system is based on time-division multiplex system communication, do not support between aircraft range finding, test the speed, time synchronized.In addition, the group of planes formation group network topological structure under traditional data chain system is more single, only according to information interaction pattern of wants multiple access access communications net topology, does not form the spatial cooperation networking topology that adapts to particular task.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of group network topological structure and the combination multiple access system design method that a group of planes is formed into columns, be applicable to multiple access system and the group network topological structure of group of planes formation group-net communication and measurement, satisfy a group of planes and form into columns to passive detection location and the collaborative strike task of moving-target.
Can think that the member node that any task all requires a group of planes to form into columns possesses following three kinds of functions:
1. group of planes formation member node networking forms the TOCOM total communication system that covers all member node, can set up single-hop, undelayed, transparent to other members, communication link asynchronous, full duplex between any two member's nodes, satisfy the whole network Real-Time Sharing demand of any member node information in group of planes formation communication network, multi-hop communication and routing service also are provided, and group of planes formation communication network can be Centroid to be arranged or without the pattern of Centroid;
2. the group of planes topological structure that the real time measure geometric distance between the two critically is used for the formation networking of forming into columns between any two member's nodes is controlled, and is used for interferometry and distributed data processing as moving-target passive detection location and the collaborative baseline measures that hits system.
3. group of planes formation the whole network member's time synchronized, it is particularly outstanding that this point embodies in very many many bases passive detection locations and collaborative strike task, time synchronized in the urgent need to all members in group of planes formation net is implemented to control to realize formation networking topology configuration, and implementation space multi-point joint interfere type detection mission.
A group of planes of realizing moving-target passive detection location and collaborative strike task form into columns need to set up a kind ofly net interior member node multiple access communication, full duplex asynchronous data interaction, possess any two points precise distance measurement, the whole network is realized time synchronized communicates by letter, range finding and time synchronized system.
The present invention has completed networking between the machine of a group of planes, multiple access access.From communication on computer cluster networking Topological Structure, studied the multiple access system that is applicable to group of planes group-net communication and measurement, two kinds of multiple access access systems in group of planes net have been proposed: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes hierarchical technology multiple access system based on tree topology.
The group network topological structure that an a kind of group of planes of the present invention is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method can realize the combination multiple access system that the present invention proposes and support the group of planes formation group network topological structure that the present invention proposes on the digital signal processor DSP on the signal processing circuit of intermediate frequency plate of air fleet link terminating machine, FPGA device and radio-frequency channel.
The present invention proposes the multiple access access system of two kinds of Novel Communication Topological Structures: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes formation hierarchical technology multiple access communication system based on tree topology.The former can support the single-hop access module that the whole network covers, the multi-hop access pattern that the latter provides the whole network to cover.
One, the data link layer structure of the full duplex asynchronous communication channel of link between machine
the general yardstick of Topological Structure little (in several kilometers～tens kilometer range) of group of planes formation networking in most tasks, any two member's aircraft maximum distances are generally tens kilometers left and right, therefore between the node of group of planes networking in the present invention, space communication link is copied CCSDS Proximity-1 short range space link communication protocol blue book suggestion (CCSDS 211.2-B-1, CCSDS211.1-B-3, CCSDS 211.0-B-4), design data link layer transmission frame (Fig. 1) for communication on computer cluster/base line measurement combined system with reference to the transmission frame-form of Version-3, comprise: the frame swynchronization code ASM of 24bit (0xFAF320), the structure fixed data frames top guide header of 32bit, length is less than the data field of 16344bit, the CRC check code of 32bit.Asynchronous/synchronous comprehensive transmission that this transmission frame is supported, etc. the time/comprehensive transmission, the transmission of multichannel pseudo channel STDM when non-etc..The data field front portion is defined as the duties section, and when embedding respective links identifier, local clock face, coding and local pseudorange coding sends to the other side.Frame length is selected fixing, and frame frequency is that the integer hertz is (generally at 1Hz～20Hz), can decide according to measuring the refresh rate demand.
With in the group of planes in this system between machine the comprehensive chain pipeline equipment of communication/base line measurement be called: asynchronous communication/distance ranging terminal (Asynchronous Communication; Ranging Unit:ACRU), suppose that any member's aircraft in group of planes net has all configured ACRU.Take two airplane A, B as research object, ACRU_A, ACRU_B send transmission frame to the other side independently of one another, the emission carrier wave between two terminals and send all coherents not mutually of code clock.The ACRU_A of aircraft A and aircraft B, ACRU_B are respectively at the delivery time sampling local clock counter in local transmission frame swynchronization code forward position (edge perhaps), counter epoch of receive path code tracking loop, extract the other side's frame swynchronization code forward position delivery time from the duties section of current reception the other side transmission frame, and calculate the local pseudorange value of form epoch.When ACRU_A, ACRU_B utilize local measurement pseudorange, local clock face independently of one another, when receiving the local pseudorange of the other side that the other side sends through transmission frame, the local clock face of the other side, calculate machine spacing, synchronous error (clock correction), two terminal sampling time intervals, carry out the time synchronized adjustment.
As seen, the transmission frame of design also possesses the function of space-time parameter measurement between multiple spot except having the multiple access communication function.
The present invention proposes that between machine, full-duplex communication link realizes asynchronous data transaction and two-way noncoherent distance measurement, tests the speed, clock correction is measured, frequency deviation measurement, and the comprehensive link system of this communication/base line measurement has following four characteristics:
1. the data interaction of two Airborne Terminals and base line measurement comprehensively realize in the single carrier unified channel, the special-purpose base line measurement equipment of additional configuration not, be operated in the asynchronous, full duplex spread spectrum mode, between any two airplanes, communication/base line measurement process is transparent to other nodes;
2. two Airborne Terminals send the identical transmission frame of structure to the other side independently of each other, and local base band data sends the code clock, transmission carrier frequency is produced by local frequency synthesizer, not with the other side's coherent, retrain without frequency, phase relation between transmit leg and recipient;
3. two Airborne Terminals extract independently of each other local reception element number tracking loop epoch the counter value of latching and local time and frequency standards nominal value calculate the local pseudorange of form epoch (Epoch), it is embedded local transmission frame sends to the other side;
4. two Airborne Terminals utilize the local measurement pseudorange and receive the other side and pass through to calculate baseline measures and the local clock correction of two aircrafts between the acquisition machine through the pseudorange that transmission frame is sent, and realize the time synchronized adjustment.
The transmission frame that Airborne Terminal constantly extracts in sampling during epoch with received frame during epoch algebraic step be defined as local pseudorange, comprise this deviation when the geometric distance between two airplanes and local clock face constantly, both need realize decoupling zero by algorithm.
Two, the Topological Structure of group of planes formation networking design
Group of planes formation Topological Structure can change according to the different mode of task, and the Topological Structure of constructing communication network is often relevant to formation space topological configuration, therefore often also will change thereupon.And the member node of communication on computer cluster networking can be similar aircraft, also can the similar aircraft of right and wrong, that is: and multiple member node isomery networking.
Generally, between the machine that form into columns to adopt of a group of planes communication network Topological Structure comprise (Fig. 2～Fig. 7):
1. star topology: have Centroid, there is with it communication link in other nodes, and between non-central node without communication link;
2. bus-type is topological: also referred to as tree topology, pass rank by star topology and consist of, have hierarchy, star topology can be regarded individual layer bus-type topology as;
3. ring topology: linking successively forms the annular of a sealing;
4. chain is topological: ring topology disconnects somewhere and namely deteriorates to the chain type topology;
5. cross link is topological: have communication link between any two nodes;
6. mixed type is topological: the first five plants certain combination of topology.
Communication on computer cluster net topology configuration 5. cross link Topological Structure can provide the point that covers any member node of a whole network-single hop link, and structure is the simplest, and the path is maximum, and reliability is the highest, but performance may not best (this point should be noted that).Machine spacing, the measurement of speed isobase and chronometer time that the cross link Topological Structure supports group of planes the whole network to cover are synchronous, metrical information is the abundantest, and this character is more conducive to base line measurement between the node of a group of planes, relative movement parameters is measured obtains higher performance with time synchronization process.
These a few class communication network Topological Structures all may occur in some group of planes formation tasks, and the principle that the definition of Topological Structure and conversion are followed also can be divided into several classes:
1. instruction control mode: control according to instruction and force to be defined as a certain Topological Structure;
2. rule-based mode: following a certain optimization index definition according to parameters such as relative position, channel widths is a certain Topological Structure;
3. Ad hoc mode: adopt the definition of self-organizing mode dynamic implementation Topological Structure.
Three, be applicable to the multiple access system of group of planes group-net communication and measurement
A group of planes of realizing moving-target passive detection location and collaborative strike task form into columns need to set up a kind ofly net interior member node multiple access communication, full duplex asynchronous data interaction, possess any two points precise distance measurement, the whole network is realized time synchronized communicates by letter, range finding and time synchronized system.The present invention proposes the multiple access access system of two kinds of Novel Communication Topological Structures: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes hierarchical technology multiple access communication system based on tree topology.The former can support the single-hop access module that the whole network covers, the multi-hop access pattern that the latter can provide the whole network to cover.1, the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA based on cross link networking topology makes up the multiple access communication system
Consider to measure with single-hop communication between the machine of supporting any member of a group of planes and should preferentially select the cross link Topological Structure, the present invention proposes to adopt that code minute+frequency division (CDMA/FDMA) combination multiple access system combination multiple access system realizes that group of planes the whole network covers, transparent in postponing the transmission of data, the whole network Real-Time Sharing of arbitrary node data, multiple access communication and the asynchronous range finding of high reliability between arbitrary node, can satisfy cross link Topological Structure (also being applicable to the arbitrary topology configuration that § 2.2 saves).CDMA/FDMA networking system can provide the business demands at different levels of communication on computer cluster net, has particularly guaranteed to have communication link between any two members, can realize precise distance measurement and the whole network time synchronized (Fig. 8) between any two points.
The n person of putting up aircraft is arranged in a group of planes, and each member node is distributed an X/Ku/Ka wave band frequency and a spreading code that is used for band spectrum modulation on this frequency, and whole net is that the n person of putting up aircraft is divided into and has joined n frequency+n spreading code.Can set up n (n-1)/2 a two-way asynchronous communication link in the communication on computer cluster net.N=5 in Figure 16 example can set up 10 two-way links.
Each communication node of a group of planes (member) can utilize specific frequency and the spreading code of distributing to self to realize that band spectrum modulation sends information to other nodes, and this process is broadcast type, has realized that the multiple access of single-point → multiple spot sends.In group of planes the whole network, each node can receive that the present invention puts the information of transmission, has guaranteed the TOCOM total communication spreadability.If need to send to specific node, the definition destination address gets final product in the transmission frame-form of data link layer, and (Fig. 9) do not set off a discussion herein.
Each communication node of a group of planes can utilize n-1 frequency corresponding to n-1 receive path distributing to self and n-1 spreading code (distribute in the communication on computer cluster net other members) despreading/demodulating unit of n-1 the receive path of receiving element configuration of communication terminal between machine, the frequency that each passage is corresponding with this passage is down-converted on the intermediate frequency center frequency point of nominal and carries out carrier track, realizes despreading/demodulation with this locality regeneration spreading code that this passage is corresponding.N-1 receive path is corresponding independently respectively realizes despreading/solutions mediation data receiver from the signal of communication of other n-1 node in the communication on computer cluster net, and asynchronous range finding and/time synchronized.Often the person of putting up can receive signal and the decoded data frame that other n-1 person of putting up aircrafts send simultaneously, and the processing procedure of each passage is separate not to be interfere with each other, and has realized that the multiple access of multiple spot → single-point receives (Figure 10).
Arbitrary node can receive simultaneously respectively from the information of other n-1 node in the communication on computer cluster net and be independent of each other, other n-1 nodes send information in the communication on computer cluster net, sends, receiving course is separate is asynchronous procedure.All there is direct asynchronous communication links between any two persons of putting up in the communication on computer cluster net, mutually interaction data and carry out range finding/time synchronized between machine.
In addition, also support Ad Hoc self-organizing multi-hop route pattern, employing is apart from routing algorithm, but consider that in the communication on computer cluster net, the range finding/time synchronization process between arbitrary node necessarily requires single-point-single-point single-hop mode, therefore the multi-hop pattern has little significance in group of planes group-net communication, and this communication function (Figure 11) only is provided.
Cross link Topological Structure advantage is a lot, but for the more formation group of planes of node (number of members N＞8), perhaps has the newcomer to add a group of planes to form into columns, and can cause multiple shot array, and design realizes causing larger difficulty to Airborne Terminal.In addition, often task has determined that between formation Topological Structure node, the far and near gap of distance is larger, and the formation Topological Structure can change in duty cycle, therefore excessive, the distance of inter-node communication Link State difference is along with the orbital motion dynamic change, the transmittability that provides, channel quality, differences in quality of service are very large, stable, the reliability service that are unfavorable for communication network are measured consistency undesirable (as shown in figure 12) between machine.
Therefore, for ensureing between group of planes formation node that between transfer of data, machine, certainty of measurement satisfies the task needs, and need not obviously to improve transmitter unit power and receiving element sensitivity, antenna gain and directive property, it is necessary adopting the multi-hop link to realize measuring between air-air data transmission and machine between group of planes net machine, this multi-hop link often needs to define the multi-hop routing rule, and changes along with the variation of group of planes formation Topological Structure thereupon.Therefore need to select a kind of suitable formation Topological Structure, satisfying simultaneously performance that number of communications between machine passes can provide again accurate, metrical information between machine fully, and is unlikely to increase the engineering design difficulty of the assemblies such as airborne communication and measuring terminals, antenna system, transmitting terminal power amplification unit, receiving end signal amplifying unit.
The present invention proposes a kind of group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication system based on tree topology, has the ad hoc networking ability, supports the dynamic reallocation of Topological Structure dynamic change and spreading code, frequency.
Figure 13 has provided a certain moment group of planes formation and has been in a certain Topological Structure, air-air/Air-Ground communication tracking task is under certain pattern, based on the organizational form of the tree type communication network Topological Structure of Ad hoc self-organization rule (for example: based on locus and distance) Dynamic Definition (group of planes formation task in Figure 13 exist 4 kinds totally 20 airplanes form isomery formation networks).In any moment, there is unique communication link in the aircraft that is defined as Air-Ground link vacant terminal in only forming into columns with a group of planes in C4IR command and control center, ground.So, ground C4IR accuses that central station need not to set up link with interior other nodes of group of planes formation, makes ground communication commander's task complexity and task amount greatly reduce.Simultaneously, in a group of planes is formed into columns, arbitrary node is defined as M fork tree node (being binary tree in Figure 12), comprise three identical full duplex asynchronous communication links, support and father node (the last layer node that connects with self) and two child nodes (next node layer that connects with self).Binary tree structure topology in Figure 12 has been divided into 6 layers to 20 nodes, forms stepped hierarchical structure, and only there is communication link in each node with self father node and child node, and complexity and the traffic of each node are fairly simple.
Here provide following proposition:
Communication performance, the system of any member node identical (as: transmission flank speed, spread spectrum pattern, maximum transmission power, receiving sensitivity and tracking thresholding) in [proposition 1] group of planes is formed into columns and netted, abstract is the node of binary tree;
[proposition 2] can reach a conclusion according to Abstract Algebra, theory of discrete mathematics and computer network theory, data structure theory: a three dimensions N node all available binary tree links, and travels through by the degree of depth information interaction that realizes any two nodes with the range traversal;
In [proposition 3] group of planes is formed into columns and netted, the principle of any member node ad hoc networking is based on the traffic, each internodal spatial distribution geometric distance of current each node, Ad hoc MANET rule will be optimized (as: the comprehensive transmission distance is the shortest, the comprehensive transmission bandwidth occupancy minimum) based on the target function of certain condition that is tied (as: task has determined the topological three-dimensional space position constraint of forming into columns), and the constructing communication network Topological Structure can dynamically change and can switch to other Topological Structures arbitrarily according to the variation of task.
In a group of planes is formed into columns and netted, any member node has three separate, the physically-isolated full duplex asynchronous communication terminal of cover and directional antennas, has interface with communication protocol processor, occurs interrelated in data link layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer.CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access strategy is not suitable for the too much situation of nodes, therefore in the group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication system based on tree topology, proposes the pattern of CDMA+ double frequency multiple access access.Under this pattern, the terminal transmitting/receiving provides two kinds of frequencies (double frequency) f A, f BDistribute to respectively transmission channel, receive path use according to Topological Structure during by group of planes formation networking: the odd-level node transmitting/receiving of binary tree structure takies respectively frequency f A/ f B, the even level node transmitting/receiving of binary tree structure takies respectively frequency f B/ f A, this moment, the odd-level node of binary tree structure can repeat (frequency is different) with the spreading code that the even level node distributes, but layer interior nodes can not be distributed identical spreading code (frequency is identical).The pattern of this CDMA+ double frequency multiple access access is beneficial to preferred spreading code, and (code length is: 63,127,255,511) spread spectrum with adopting short code.
For air-air high-speed communication traffic (being generally return link) between machine, the spread spectrum system can't provide multiple access high-speed communication number to pass business, utilize forward direction spread spectrum link distribution channels scheduling control information step by step this moment, control each node return link high-speed communication number with TDMA time division multiplex channel rule and pass; Perhaps utilize forward direction spread spectrum link to distribute step by step frequency point allocation information, realize that with FDMA frequency division multiple access rule each node return link high-speed communication number passes, the communication bandwidth that this pattern both can requiredly according to the data volume of each node take distributes frequency (N altogether), also can distribute frequency (M altogether) according to the form into columns number of plies M of stepped hierarchical structure of a group of planes, adopt time division multiplexing access communications link in layer, can regard a kind of degree of depth ergodic process or range ergodic process of node for the binary tree structure topology as.
In multiple access system of the present invention, each member node is equal, all can be defined as the father node of any one deck of vacant terminal.Like this, the communication equipment of group of planes formation member node can standardised generic, support between machine that next joint will propose air-air (Air-Ground in like manner) communication and measure the comprehensive channel system, and reliability is very high, even certain person's of putting up node has a cover communication terminal thoroughly to damage, still can realize between machine routing function and communication function over the ground as communication net node normal operation between machine.
group of planes formation hierarchical technology multiple access system based on tree topology also adopts code to divide+frequency division combination multiple access system, support the base line measurement of any communication link two terminals, relative motion measurement and time synchronized, but link is the N-1 bar, N (N-1)/2 than cross link topology reduces a lot, metrical information is abundant not as the cross link topology, this can meet the demands for most group of planes formation task, can accuse that the station is to directly charge of group of planes formation for single ground C4IR, utilize metrical information dispersing as amount of restraint damping INS algorithm between machine, the whole net time synchronized of group of planes formation etc., also can support a group of planes whole net of forming into columns to accuse that to single ground C4IR the descending and single ground C4IR of the single-link high-speed data at station (relaying in like manner via satellite) accuses that the station is up to the charge order of whole each member node of net of group of planes formation, need not each member node was tapped into the time-division on ground or code, more needn't many ground stations participate in the Air-Ground communication for command.
Here propose in passing: star topology essence is that multiway tree consists of the individual layer tree topology, but the performance and reliability to father node requires very high, as: more directional antenna and communication terminal are provided, be not suitable for the situation that node is more and the topology of forming into columns exists dynamic change, newcomer to add, be difficult to accomplish that often the person's of putting up node possesses the father node function yet.If task allows, also can adopt TDMA time division multiple access pattern to use the antenna more than two pairs to provide the data interaction service for each child node.If be further to simplify the airborne communication terminal complexity, also can adopt the chain topology, often the person's of putting up node will reduce by cover communication terminal and an antenna.
The group network topological structure that an a kind of group of planes of the present invention is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method, advantage is:
Figure GSA00000010856800071
The multimachine networking adopts hierarchical enterprise schema performance and reliability, survivability relatively better;
Figure GSA00000010856800072
Certain one deck interior nodes (same node layer) of multimachine networking unsuitable too much (＜8), and configure a main frame (commander's machine) and get final product, main frame war are damaged and are substituted according to the priority of agreement level afterwards;
Ordinary circumstance adopts star-like connection networking, that is: the pattern of 1 main frame (commander's machine)-n frame slave (belligerent machine), and the high-speed data between each slave can forward by main frame, and low speed data is broadcasting share directly;
For demands such as the track of hideing, reliabilities, opportunity of combat configuration antenna (particularly omnidirectional antenna) is too much unsuitable, and General Requirements adopts star-like connection networking access;
Less and when being in the forefront, battlefield when the lowermost layer member node of networking, facing the damage risk, relatively go up etale topology higher, and higher to the requirement of real-time of reaction, the grid type topology configuration is adopted in suggestion, increase information processing efficiency and reliability, survivability.
Description of drawings
Space link transmission frame-form schematic diagram between Fig. 1 group of planes networking node
The star topology configuration schematic diagram of Fig. 2 group of planes member node networking
Bus-type (tree type) the Topological Structure schematic diagram of Fig. 3 group of planes member node networking
The ring topology configuration schematic diagram of Fig. 4 group of planes member node networking
Line (chain) the type Topological Structure schematic diagram of Fig. 5 group of planes member node networking
The cross link Topological Structure schematic diagram of Fig. 6 group of planes member node networking
Mixed type Topological Structure (bus-type+cross link+ring-like) schematic diagram of Fig. 7 group of planes member node networking
The communication link topological structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8 group of planes networking
Single-point in Fig. 9 group of planes → multiple spot single-hop multiple access sends topological schematic diagram
Multiple spot in Figure 10 group of planes → single-point single-hop multiple access receives topological schematic diagram
Single-point in Figure 11 group of planes → single-point multi-hop routing topology schematic diagram
The far and near difference schematic diagram of space scale between the member node that Figure 12 group of planes is formed into columns
Figure 13 is based on the group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication network Topological Structure of tree topology
Specific embodiment
The group network topological structure that an a kind of group of planes of the present invention is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method can realize the combination multiple access system that the present invention proposes and support the group of planes formation group network topological structure that the present invention proposes on the digital signal processor DSP on the signal processing circuit of intermediate frequency plate of air fleet link terminating machine, FPGA device and radio-frequency channel.
The present invention proposes the multiple access access system of two kinds of Novel Communication Topological Structures: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes formation hierarchical technology multiple access communication system based on tree topology.The former can support the single-hop access module that the whole network covers, the multi-hop access pattern that the latter provides the whole network to cover.
One, the data link layer structure of the full duplex asynchronous communication channel of link between machine
the general yardstick of Topological Structure little (in several kilometers～tens kilometer range) of group of planes formation networking in most tasks, any two member's aircraft maximum distances are generally tens kilometers left and right, therefore between the node of group of planes networking in the present invention, space communication link is copied CCSDS Proximity-1 short range space link communication protocol blue book suggestion (CCSDS 211.2-B-1, CCSDS211.1-B-3, CCSDS 211.0-B-4), design data link layer transmission frame (Fig. 1) for communication on computer cluster/base line measurement combined system with reference to the transmission frame-form of Version-3, comprise: the frame swynchronization code ASM of 24bit (0xFAF320), the structure fixed data frames top guide header of 32bit, length is less than the data field of 16344bit, the CRC check code of 32bit.Asynchronous/synchronous comprehensive transmission that this transmission frame is supported, etc. the time/comprehensive transmission, the transmission of multichannel pseudo channel STDM when non-etc..The data field front portion is defined as the duties section, and when embedding respective links identifier, local clock face, coding and local pseudorange coding sends to the other side.Frame length is selected fixing, and frame frequency is that the integer hertz is (generally at 1Hz～20Hz), can decide according to measuring the refresh rate demand.
With in the group of planes in this system between machine the comprehensive chain pipeline equipment of communication/base line measurement be called: asynchronous communication/distance ranging terminal (Asynchronous Communication; Ranging Unit:ACRU), suppose that any member's aircraft in group of planes net has all configured ACRU.Take two airplane A, B as research object, ACRU_A, ACRU_B send transmission frame to the other side independently of one another, the emission carrier wave between two terminals and send all coherents not mutually of code clock.The ACRU_A of aircraft A and aircraft B, ACRU_B are respectively at the delivery time sampling local clock counter in local transmission frame swynchronization code forward position (edge perhaps), counter epoch of receive path code tracking loop, extract the other side's frame swynchronization code forward position delivery time from the duties section of current reception the other side transmission frame, and calculate the local pseudorange value of form epoch.When ACRU_A, ACRU_B utilize local measurement pseudorange, local clock face independently of one another, when receiving the local pseudorange of the other side that the other side sends through transmission frame, the local clock face of the other side, calculate machine spacing, synchronous error (clock correction), two terminal sampling time intervals, carry out the time synchronized adjustment.
As seen, the transmission frame of design also possesses the function of space-time parameter measurement between multiple spot except having the multiple access communication function.
The present invention proposes that between machine, full-duplex communication link realizes asynchronous data transaction and two-way noncoherent distance measurement, tests the speed, clock correction is measured, frequency deviation measurement, and the comprehensive link system of this communication/base line measurement has following four characteristics:
1. the data interaction of two Airborne Terminals and base line measurement comprehensively realize in the single carrier unified channel, the special-purpose base line measurement equipment of additional configuration not, be operated in the asynchronous, full duplex spread spectrum mode, between any two airplanes, communication/base line measurement process is transparent to other nodes;
2. two Airborne Terminals send the identical transmission frame of structure to the other side independently of each other, and local base band data sends the code clock, transmission carrier frequency is produced by local frequency synthesizer, not with the other side's coherent, retrain without frequency, phase relation between transmit leg and recipient;
3. two Airborne Terminals extract independently of each other local reception element number tracking loop epoch the counter value of latching and local time and frequency standards nominal value calculate the local pseudorange of form epoch (Epoch), it is embedded local transmission frame sends to the other side;
4. two Airborne Terminals utilize the local measurement pseudorange and receive the other side and pass through to calculate baseline measures and the local clock correction of two aircrafts between the acquisition machine through the pseudorange that transmission frame is sent, and realize the time synchronized adjustment.
The transmission frame that Airborne Terminal constantly extracts in sampling during epoch with received frame during epoch algebraic step be defined as local pseudorange, comprise this deviation when the geometric distance between two airplanes and local clock face constantly, both need realize decoupling zero by algorithm.
Two, the Topological Structure of group of planes formation networking design
Group of planes formation Topological Structure can change according to the different mode of task, and the Topological Structure of constructing communication network is often relevant to formation space topological configuration, therefore often also will change thereupon.And the member node of communication on computer cluster networking can be similar aircraft, also can the similar aircraft of right and wrong, that is: and multiple member node isomery networking.
Generally, between the machine that form into columns to adopt of a group of planes communication network Topological Structure comprise (Fig. 2～Fig. 7):
1. star topology: have Centroid, there is with it communication link in other nodes, and between non-central node without communication link;
2. bus-type is topological: also referred to as tree topology, pass rank by star topology and consist of, have hierarchy, star topology can be regarded individual layer bus-type topology as;
3. ring topology: linking successively forms the annular of a sealing;
4. chain is topological: ring topology disconnects somewhere and namely deteriorates to the chain type topology;
5. cross link is topological: have communication link between any two nodes;
6. mixed type is topological: the first five plants certain combination of topology.
Communication on computer cluster net topology configuration 5. cross link Topological Structure can provide the point that covers any member node of a whole network-single hop link, and structure is the simplest, and the path is maximum, and reliability is the highest, but performance may not best (this point should be noted that).Machine spacing, the measurement of speed isobase and chronometer time that the cross link Topological Structure supports group of planes the whole network to cover are synchronous, metrical information is the abundantest, and this character is more conducive to base line measurement between the node of a group of planes, relative movement parameters is measured obtains higher performance with time synchronization process.
These a few class communication network Topological Structures all may occur in some group of planes formation tasks, and the principle that the definition of Topological Structure and conversion are followed also can be divided into several classes:
1. instruction control mode: control according to instruction and force to be defined as a certain Topological Structure;
2. rule-based mode: following a certain optimization index definition according to parameters such as relative position, channel widths is a certain Topological Structure;
3. Ad hoc mode: adopt the definition of self-organizing mode dynamic implementation Topological Structure.
Three, be applicable to the multiple access system of group of planes group-net communication and measurement
A group of planes of realizing moving-target passive detection location and collaborative strike task form into columns need to set up a kind ofly net interior member node multiple access communication, full duplex asynchronous data interaction, possess any two points precise distance measurement, the whole network is realized time synchronized communicates by letter, range finding and time synchronized system.The present invention proposes the multiple access access system of two kinds of Novel Communication Topological Structures: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes hierarchical technology multiple access communication system based on tree topology.The former can support the single-hop access module that the whole network covers, the multi-hop access pattern that the latter can provide the whole network to cover.
1, the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA based on cross link networking topology makes up the multiple access communication system
Consider to measure with single-hop communication between the machine of supporting any member of a group of planes and should preferentially select the cross link Topological Structure, the present invention proposes to adopt that code minute+frequency division (CDMA/FDMA) combination multiple access system combination multiple access system realizes that group of planes the whole network covers, transparent in postponing the transmission of data, the whole network Real-Time Sharing of arbitrary node data, multiple access communication and the asynchronous range finding of high reliability between arbitrary node, can satisfy cross link Topological Structure (also being applicable to the arbitrary topology configuration that § 2.2 saves).CDMA/FDMA networking system can provide the business demands at different levels of communication on computer cluster net, has particularly guaranteed to have communication link between any two members, can realize precise distance measurement and the whole network time synchronized (Fig. 8) between any two points.
The n person of putting up aircraft is arranged in a group of planes, and each member node is distributed an X/Ku/Ka wave band frequency and a spreading code that is used for band spectrum modulation on this frequency, and whole net is that the n person of putting up aircraft is divided into and has joined n frequency+n spreading code.Can set up n (n-1)/2 a two-way asynchronous communication link in the communication on computer cluster net.N=5 in Figure 16 example can set up 10 two-way links.
Each communication node of a group of planes (member) can utilize specific frequency and the spreading code of distributing to self to realize that band spectrum modulation sends information to other nodes, and this process is broadcast type, has realized that the multiple access of single-point → multiple spot sends.In group of planes the whole network, each node can receive that the present invention puts the information of transmission, has guaranteed the TOCOM total communication spreadability.If need to send to specific node, the definition destination address gets final product in the transmission frame-form of data link layer, and (Fig. 9) do not set off a discussion herein.
Each communication node of a group of planes can utilize n-1 frequency corresponding to n-1 receive path distributing to self and n-1 spreading code (distribute in the communication on computer cluster net other members) despreading/demodulating unit of n-1 the receive path of receiving element configuration of communication terminal between machine, the frequency that each passage is corresponding with this passage is down-converted on the intermediate frequency center frequency point of nominal and carries out carrier track, realizes despreading/demodulation with this locality regeneration spreading code that this passage is corresponding.N-1 receive path is corresponding independently respectively realizes despreading/solutions mediation data receiver from the signal of communication of other n-1 node in the communication on computer cluster net, and asynchronous range finding and/time synchronized.Often the person of putting up can receive signal and the decoded data frame that other n-1 person of putting up aircrafts send simultaneously, and the processing procedure of each passage is separate not to be interfere with each other, and has realized that the multiple access of multiple spot → single-point receives (Figure 10).
Arbitrary node can receive simultaneously respectively from the information of other n-1 node in the communication on computer cluster net and be independent of each other, other n-1 nodes send information in the communication on computer cluster net, sends, receiving course is separate is asynchronous procedure.All there is direct asynchronous communication links between any two persons of putting up in the communication on computer cluster net, mutually interaction data and carry out range finding/time synchronized between machine.
In addition, also support Ad Hoc self-organizing multi-hop route pattern, employing is apart from routing algorithm, but consider that in the communication on computer cluster net, the range finding/time synchronization process between arbitrary node necessarily requires single-point-single-point single-hop mode, therefore the multi-hop pattern has little significance in group of planes group-net communication, and this communication function (Figure 11) only is provided.
Cross link Topological Structure advantage is a lot, but for the more formation group of planes of node (number of members N＞8), perhaps has the newcomer to add a group of planes to form into columns, and can cause multiple shot array, and design realizes causing larger difficulty to Airborne Terminal.In addition, often task has determined that between formation Topological Structure node, the far and near gap of distance is larger, and the formation Topological Structure can change in duty cycle, therefore excessive, the distance of inter-node communication Link State difference is along with the orbital motion dynamic change, the transmittability that provides, channel quality, differences in quality of service are very large, stable, the reliability service that are unfavorable for communication network are measured consistency undesirable (as shown in figure 12) between machine.
Therefore, for ensureing between group of planes formation node that between transfer of data, machine, certainty of measurement satisfies the task needs, and need not obviously to improve transmitter unit power and receiving element sensitivity, antenna gain and directive property, it is necessary adopting the multi-hop link to realize measuring between air-air data transmission and machine between group of planes net machine, this multi-hop link often needs to define the multi-hop routing rule, and changes along with the variation of group of planes formation Topological Structure thereupon.Therefore need to select a kind of suitable formation Topological Structure, satisfying simultaneously performance that number of communications between machine passes can provide again accurate, metrical information between machine fully, and is unlikely to increase the engineering design difficulty of the assemblies such as airborne communication and measuring terminals, antenna system, transmitting terminal power amplification unit, receiving end signal amplifying unit.
The present invention proposes a kind of group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication system based on tree topology, has the ad hoc networking ability, supports the dynamic reallocation of Topological Structure dynamic change and spreading code, frequency.
Figure 13 has provided a certain moment group of planes formation and has been in a certain Topological Structure, air-air/Air-Ground communication tracking task is under certain pattern, based on the organizational form of the tree type communication network Topological Structure of Ad hoc self-organization rule (for example: based on locus and distance) Dynamic Definition (group of planes formation task in Figure 13 exist 4 kinds totally 20 airplanes form isomery formation networks).In any moment, there is unique communication link in the aircraft that is defined as Air-Ground link vacant terminal in only forming into columns with a group of planes in C4IR command and control center, ground.So, ground C4IR accuses that central station need not to set up link with interior other nodes of group of planes formation, makes ground communication commander's task complexity and task amount greatly reduce.Simultaneously, in a group of planes is formed into columns, arbitrary node is defined as M fork tree node (being binary tree in Figure 12), comprise three identical full duplex asynchronous communication links, support and father node (the last layer node that connects with self) and two child nodes (next node layer that connects with self).Binary tree structure topology in Figure 12 has been divided into 6 layers to 20 nodes, forms stepped hierarchical structure, and only there is communication link in each node with self father node and child node, and complexity and the traffic of each node are fairly simple.
Here provide following proposition:
Communication performance, the system of any member node identical (as: transmission flank speed, spread spectrum pattern, maximum transmission power, receiving sensitivity and tracking thresholding) in [proposition 1] group of planes is formed into columns and netted, abstract is the node of binary tree;
[proposition 2] can reach a conclusion according to Abstract Algebra, theory of discrete mathematics and computer network theory, data structure theory: a three dimensions N node all available binary tree links, and travels through by the degree of depth information interaction that realizes any two nodes with the range traversal;
In [proposition 3] group of planes is formed into columns and netted, the principle of any member node ad hoc networking is based on the traffic, each internodal spatial distribution geometric distance of current each node, Adhoc MANET rule will be optimized (as: the comprehensive transmission distance is the shortest, the comprehensive transmission bandwidth occupancy minimum) based on the target function of certain condition that is tied (as: task has determined the topological three-dimensional space position constraint of forming into columns), and the constructing communication network Topological Structure can dynamically change and can switch to other Topological Structures arbitrarily according to the variation of task.
In a group of planes is formed into columns and netted, any member node has three separate, the physically-isolated full duplex asynchronous communication terminal of cover and directional antennas, has interface with communication protocol processor, occurs interrelated in data link layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer.CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access strategy is not suitable for the too much situation of nodes, therefore in the group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication system based on tree topology, proposes the pattern of CDMA+ double frequency multiple access access.Under this pattern, the terminal transmitting/receiving provides two kinds of frequencies (double frequency) f A, f BDistribute to respectively transmission channel, receive path use according to Topological Structure during by group of planes formation networking: the odd-level node transmitting/receiving of binary tree structure takies respectively frequency f A/ f B, the even level node transmitting/receiving of binary tree structure takies respectively frequency f B/ f A, this moment, the odd-level node of binary tree structure can repeat (frequency is different) with the spreading code that the even level node distributes, but layer interior nodes can not be distributed identical spreading code (frequency is identical).The pattern of this CDMA+ double frequency multiple access access is beneficial to preferred spreading code, and (code length is: 63,127,255,511) spread spectrum with adopting short code.
For air-air high-speed communication traffic (being generally return link) between machine, the spread spectrum system can't provide multiple access high-speed communication number to pass business, utilize forward direction spread spectrum link distribution channels scheduling control information step by step this moment, control each node return link high-speed communication number with TDMA time division multiplex channel rule and pass; Perhaps utilize forward direction spread spectrum link to distribute step by step frequency point allocation information, realize that with FDMA frequency division multiple access rule each node return link high-speed communication number passes, the communication bandwidth that this pattern both can requiredly according to the data volume of each node take distributes frequency (N altogether), also can distribute frequency (M altogether) according to the form into columns number of plies M of stepped hierarchical structure of a group of planes, adopt time division multiplexing access communications link in layer, can regard a kind of degree of depth ergodic process or range ergodic process of node for the binary tree structure topology as.
In multiple access system of the present invention, each member node is equal, all can be defined as the father node of any one deck of vacant terminal.Like this, the communication equipment of group of planes formation member node can standardised generic, support between machine that next joint will propose air-air (Air-Ground in like manner) communication and measure the comprehensive channel system, and reliability is very high, even certain person's of putting up node has a cover communication terminal thoroughly to damage, still can realize between machine routing function and communication function over the ground as communication net node normal operation between machine.
group of planes formation hierarchical technology multiple access system based on tree topology also adopts code to divide+frequency division combination multiple access system, support the base line measurement of any communication link two terminals, relative motion measurement and time synchronized, but link is the N-1 bar, N (N-1)/2 than cross link topology reduces a lot, metrical information is abundant not as the cross link topology, this can meet the demands for most group of planes formation task, can accuse that the station is to directly charge of group of planes formation for single ground C4IR, utilize metrical information dispersing as amount of restraint damping INS algorithm between machine, the whole net time synchronized of group of planes formation etc., also can support a group of planes whole net of forming into columns to accuse that to single ground C4IR the descending and single ground C4IR of the single-link high-speed data at station (relaying in like manner via satellite) accuses that the station is up to the charge order of whole each member node of net of group of planes formation, need not each member node was tapped into the time-division on ground or code, more needn't many ground stations participate in the Air-Ground communication for command.
Here propose in passing: star topology essence is that multiway tree consists of the individual layer tree topology, but the performance and reliability to father node requires very high, as: more directional antenna and communication terminal are provided, be not suitable for the situation that node is more and the topology of forming into columns exists dynamic change, newcomer to add, be difficult to accomplish that often the person's of putting up node possesses the father node function yet.If task allows, also can adopt TDMA time division multiple access pattern to use the antenna more than two pairs to provide the data interaction service for each child node.If be further to simplify the airborne communication terminal complexity, also can adopt the chain topology, often the person's of putting up node will reduce by cover communication terminal and an antenna.

Claims (1)

1. group of planes group network topological structure and the combination multiple access system design method of forming into columns is applicable to multiple access system and the group network topological structure of group of planes formation group-net communication and measurement, satisfies group of planes formation to passive detection location and the collaborative strike task of moving-target; Think that the member node that any task all requires a group of planes to form into columns possesses following three kinds of functions:
1. group of planes formation member node networking forms the TOCOM total communication system that covers all member node, can set up single-hop, undelayed, transparent to other members, communication link asynchronous, full duplex between any two member's nodes, satisfy the whole network Real-Time Sharing demand of any member node information in group of planes formation communication network, multi-hop communication and routing service also are provided, and group of planes formation communication network is Centroid to be arranged or without the pattern of Centroid;
2. the group of planes topological structure that the real time measure geometric distance between the two critically is used for the formation networking of forming into columns between any two member's nodes is controlled, and is used for interferometry and distributed data processing as moving-target passive detection location and the collaborative baseline measures that hits system;
3. group of planes formation the whole network member's time synchronized, it is particularly outstanding that this point embodies in very many many bases passive detection locations and collaborative strike task, time synchronized in the urgent need to all members in group of planes formation net is implemented to control to realize formation networking topology configuration, and implementation space multi-point joint interfere type detection mission;
A group of planes of realizing moving-target passive detection location and collaborative strike task form into columns need to set up a kind ofly net interior member node multiple access communication, full duplex asynchronous data interaction, possess any two points precise distance measurement, the whole network is realized time synchronized communicates by letter, range finding and time synchronized system;
The group network topological structure that a described a kind of group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method realize on the digital signal processor DSP on the signal processing circuit of intermediate frequency plate of air fleet link terminating machine, FPGA device and radio-frequency channel;
It is characterized in that: the group network topological structure that a described group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method, the multiple access that proposes two kinds of communication topology configurations accesses system: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes formation hierarchical technology multiple access communication system based on tree topology; The former can support the single-hop access module that the whole network covers, the multi-hop access pattern that the latter provides the whole network to cover;
The group network topological structure that a described group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method comprise the following steps:
The data link layer structure of the full duplex asynchronous communication channel of link between step 1, design machine:
in most tasks, the general yardstick of Topological Structure of group of planes formation networking is in several kilometers～tens kilometer range, any two member's aircraft maximum distances are generally tens kilometers left and right, therefore space communication link is copied the suggestion of CCSDSProximity-1 short range space link communication protocol blue book between group of planes networking node, design data link layer transmission frame for communication on computer cluster/base line measurement combined system with reference to the version 3 transmission frame-form that is Version-3, comprise: the frame swynchronization code ASM of 24bit, the structure fixed data frames top guide header of 32bit, length is less than the data field of 16344bit, the CRC check code of 32bit, asynchronous/synchronous comprehensive transmission that this transmission frame is supported, etc. the time/comprehensive transmission, the transmission of multichannel pseudo channel STDM when non-etc., the data field front portion is defined as the duties section, and when embedding respective links identifier, local clock face, coding and local pseudorange coding sends to the other side, frame length is selected fixing, and frame frequency is the integer hertz, generally at 1Hz～20Hz, decides according to measuring the refresh rate demand,
With in the group of planes in this system between machine the comprehensive chain pipeline equipment of communication/base line measurement be called: asynchronous communication/distance ranging terminal is ACRU, supposes that any member's aircraft in group of planes net has all configured ACRU; Take two airplane A, B as research object, ACRU_A, ACRU_B send transmission frame to the other side independently of one another, the emission carrier wave between two terminals and send all coherents not mutually of code clock; The ACRU_A of aircraft A and aircraft B, ACRU_B are respectively at the delivery time sampling local clock counter on local transmission frame swynchronization code forward position or rear edge, counter epoch of receive path code tracking loop, extract the other side's frame swynchronization code forward position delivery time from the duties section of current reception the other side transmission frame, and calculate the local pseudorange value of form epoch; When ACRU_A, ACRU_B utilize local measurement pseudorange, local clock face independently of one another, when receiving the local pseudorange of the other side that the other side sends through transmission frame, the local clock face of the other side, calculate machine spacing, synchronous error, two terminal sampling time intervals, carry out the time synchronized adjustment;
Between the group network topological structure that a described group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method proposition machine, full-duplex communication link realizes asynchronous data transaction and two-way noncoherent distance measurement, tests the speed, clock correction is measured, frequency deviation measurement, and the comprehensive link system of this communication/base line measurement has following four characteristics:
1. the data interaction of two Airborne Terminals and base line measurement comprehensively realize in the single carrier unified channel, the special-purpose base line measurement equipment of additional configuration not, be operated in the asynchronous, full duplex spread spectrum mode, between any two airplanes, communication/base line measurement process is transparent to other nodes;
2. two Airborne Terminals send the identical transmission frame of structure to the other side independently of each other, and local base band data sends the code clock, transmission carrier frequency is produced by local frequency synthesizer, not with the other side's coherent, retrain without frequency, phase relation between transmit leg and recipient;
3. two Airborne Terminals extract independently of each other local reception element number tracking loop epoch the counter value of latching and local time and frequency standards nominal value calculate the local pseudorange of form epoch, it is embedded local transmission frame sends to the other side;
4. two Airborne Terminals utilize the local measurement pseudorange and receive the other side and pass through to calculate baseline measures and the local clock correction of two aircrafts between the acquisition machine through the pseudorange that transmission frame is sent, and realize the time synchronized adjustment;
The transmission frame that Airborne Terminal constantly extracts in sampling during epoch with received frame during epoch algebraic step be defined as local pseudorange, comprise this deviation when the geometric distance between two airplanes and local clock face constantly, both need realize decoupling zero by algorithm;
The Topological Structure of step 2, design group of planes formation networking:
Group of planes formation Topological Structure can change according to the different mode of task, and the Topological Structure of constructing communication network is often relevant to formation space topological configuration, therefore often also will change thereupon; And the member node of communication on computer cluster networking is similar aircraft, the perhaps similar aircraft of right and wrong, that is: multiple member node isomery networking;
Generally, a group of planes is formed into columns, and between the machine that adopts, the communication network Topological Structure comprises:
1. star topology: have Centroid, there is with it communication link in other nodes, and between non-central node without communication link;
2. bus-type is topological: also referred to as tree topology, pass rank by star topology and consist of, have hierarchy, star topology is regarded individual layer bus-type topology as;
3. ring topology: linking successively forms the annular of a sealing;
4. chain is topological: ring topology disconnects somewhere and namely deteriorates to the chain type topology;
5. cross link is topological: have communication link between any two nodes;
6. mixed type is topological: the first five plants certain combination of topology;
Communication on computer cluster net topology configuration 5. cross link Topological Structure can provide the point that covers any member node of a whole network-single hop link, and structure is the simplest, and the path is maximum, and reliability is the highest, but performance may not be best; The cross link Topological Structure supports that base line measurement and the chronometer time of machine spacing that group of planes the whole network covers, speed are synchronous, metrical information is the abundantest, and this character is more conducive to base line measurement between the node of a group of planes, relative movement parameters is measured obtains higher performance with time synchronization process;
These a few class communication network Topological Structures all occur in some group of planes formation tasks, and the principle that the definition of Topological Structure and conversion are followed also is several classes:
1. instruction control mode: control according to instruction and force to be defined as a certain Topological Structure;
2. rule-based mode: following a certain optimization index definition according to the parameter of relative position, channel width is a certain Topological Structure;
3. ad hoc networking Ad hoc mode: adopt the definition of self-organizing mode dynamic implementation Topological Structure;
Step 3, design are applicable to the multiple access system of group of planes group-net communication and measurement:
A group of planes of realizing moving-target passive detection location and collaborative strike task form into columns need to set up a kind ofly net interior member node multiple access communication, full duplex asynchronous data interaction, possess any two points precise distance measurement, the whole network is realized time synchronized communicates by letter, range finding and time synchronized system; The group network topological structure that a described group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method propose the multiple access access system of two kinds of Novel Communication Topological Structures: based on the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access communication system of cross link networking topology; Group of planes hierarchical technology multiple access communication system based on tree topology; The former can support the single-hop access module that the whole network covers, the multi-hop access pattern that the latter can provide the whole network to cover;
1, the group of planes formation CDMA/FDMA based on cross link networking topology makes up the multiple access communication system
Consider to measure with single-hop communication between the machine of supporting any member of a group of planes and should preferentially select the cross link Topological Structure, the group network topological structure that a described group of planes is formed into columns and combination multiple access system design method propose to adopt that code minute+frequency division combination multiple access system combination multiple access system realizes that group of planes the whole network covers, transparent in postponing the transmission of data, the whole network Real-Time Sharing of arbitrary node data, multiple access communication and the asynchronous range finding of high reliability between arbitrary node, can satisfy the cross link Topological Structure; CDMA/FDMA networking system can provide the business demands at different levels of communication on computer cluster net, has guaranteed to have communication link between any two members, can realize precise distance measurement and the whole network time synchronized between any two points;
The n person of putting up aircraft is arranged in a group of planes, and each member node is distributed an X/Ku/Ka wave band frequency and a spreading code that is used for band spectrum modulation on this frequency, and whole net is that the n person of putting up aircraft is divided into and has joined n frequency+n spreading code; Set up n (n-1)/2 a two-way asynchronous communication link in the communication on computer cluster net;
Each communication node utilization of a group of planes is distributed to self specific frequency and spreading code and is realized that band spectrum modulation sends information to other nodes, and this process is broadcast type, has realized the multiple access transmission of single-point to multiple spot; In group of planes the whole network, each node can be received the group network topological structure that a described group of planes is formed into columns and make up the information that multiple access system design method points sends, and has guaranteed the TOCOM total communication spreadability; If need to send to specific node, the definition destination address gets final product in the transmission frame-form of data link layer;
Each communication node of a group of planes can utilize corresponding n-1 frequency and n-1 spreading code of n-1 receive path of distributing to self---distribute to interior other members' of communication on computer cluster net, despreading/the demodulating unit of n-1 receive path of the receiving element of communication terminal configuration between machine, the frequency that each passage is corresponding with this passage is down-converted on the intermediate frequency center frequency point of nominal and carries out carrier track, realizes despreading/demodulation with this locality regeneration spreading code that this passage is corresponding; N-1 receive path is corresponding independently respectively realizes despreading/solutions mediation data receiver from the signal of communication of other n-1 node in the communication on computer cluster net, and asynchronous range finding and/time synchronized; Often the person of putting up can receive signal and the decoded data frame that other n-1 person of putting up aircrafts send simultaneously, and the processing procedure of each passage is separate not to be interfere with each other, and has realized the multiple access reception of multiple spot to single-point;
Arbitrary node can receive simultaneously respectively from the information of other n-1 node in the communication on computer cluster net and be independent of each other, other n-1 nodes send information in the communication on computer cluster net, sends, receiving course is separate is asynchronous procedure; All there is direct asynchronous communication links between any two persons of putting up in the communication on computer cluster net, mutually interaction data and carry out range finding/time synchronized between machine;
In addition, also support ad hoc networking multi-hop route pattern, employing is apart from routing algorithm, but consider that in the communication on computer cluster net, the range finding/time synchronization process between arbitrary node necessarily requires single-point-single-point single-hop mode, therefore the multi-hop pattern has little significance in group of planes group-net communication, and this communication function only is provided;
Cross link Topological Structure advantage is a lot, but for the more formation group of planes of node, number of members n〉8, perhaps there is the newcomer to add a group of planes to form into columns, can cause multiple shot array, design realizes causing larger difficulty to Airborne Terminal; In addition, often task has determined that between formation Topological Structure node, the far and near gap of distance is larger, and the formation Topological Structure can change in duty cycle, therefore excessive, the distance of inter-node communication Link State difference is along with the orbital motion dynamic change, the transmittability that provides, channel quality, differences in quality of service are very large, stable, the reliability service that are unfavorable for communication network are measured consistency undesirable between machine;
Therefore, for ensureing between group of planes formation node that between transfer of data, machine, certainty of measurement satisfies the task needs, and need not obviously to improve transmitter unit power and receiving element sensitivity, antenna gain and directive property, it is necessary adopting the multi-hop link to realize measuring between air-air data transmission and machine between group of planes net machine, this multi-hop link often needs to define the multi-hop routing rule, and changes along with the variation of group of planes formation Topological Structure thereupon; Therefore need to select a kind of suitable formation Topological Structure, satisfying simultaneously performance that number of communications between machine passes can provide again accurate, metrical information between machine fully, and is unlikely to increase the engineering design difficulty of the assembly of airborne communication and measuring terminals, antenna system, transmitting terminal power amplification unit, receiving end signal amplifying unit;
A kind of group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication system based on tree topology has the ad hoc networking ability, supports the dynamic reallocation of Topological Structure dynamic change and spreading code, frequency;
An a certain moment group of planes is formed into columns and is in a certain Topological Structure, and air-air/Air-Ground communication tracking task is under certain pattern, based on ad hoc networking rule, the organizational form of the tree type communication network Topological Structure of Dynamic Definition; In any moment, there is unique communication link in the aircraft that is defined as Air-Ground link vacant terminal during ground control control centre only forms into columns with a group of planes; So, in ground control control centre station need not to form into columns with a group of planes, other nodes are set up link, make commander's task complexity and the task amount of ground control control centre greatly reduce; Simultaneously, in a group of planes is formed into columns, arbitrary node is defined as M fork tree node, comprises three identical full duplex asynchronous communication links, supports and father node---the last layer node that connects with self and two child nodes---next node layer that connects with self; The binary tree structure topology has been divided into 6 layers to 20 nodes, forms stepped hierarchical structure, and only there is communication link in each node with self father node and child node, and complexity and the traffic of each node are fairly simple;
Here provide following proposition:
In [proposition 1] group of planes is formed into columns and netted, communication performance, the system of any member node are identical, and abstract is the node of binary tree;
[proposition 2] reaches a conclusion according to Abstract Algebra, theory of discrete mathematics and computer network theory, data structure theory: a three dimensions n node all links with binary tree, and travels through by the degree of depth information interaction that realizes any two nodes with the range traversal;
In [proposition 3] group of planes is formed into columns and netted, the principle of any member node ad hoc networking is based on the traffic, each internodal spatial distribution geometric distance of current each node, the ad hoc networking rule will be optimized based on the target function of certain condition that is tied, and the constructing communication network Topological Structure dynamically changes according to the variation of task and can switch to other Topological Structures arbitrarily;
In a group of planes is formed into columns and netted, any member node has three separate, the physically-isolated full duplex asynchronous communication terminal of cover and directional antennas, has interface with communication protocol processor, occurs interrelated in data link layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer; CDMA/FDMA combination multiple access strategy is not suitable for the too much situation of nodes, therefore in the group of planes formation hierarchical technology communication system based on tree topology, proposes the pattern of CDMA+ double frequency multiple access access; Under this pattern, the terminal transmitting/receiving provides two kinds of frequency f A, f BDistribute to respectively transmission channel, receive path use according to Topological Structure during by group of planes formation networking: the odd-level node transmitting/receiving of binary tree structure takies respectively frequency f A/ f B, the even level node transmitting/receiving of binary tree structure takies respectively frequency f B/ f A, the spreading code of the odd-level node of binary tree structure and even level node distribution at this moment repeats, but a layer interior nodes can not be distributed identical spreading code; The pattern of this CDMA+ double frequency multiple access access is beneficial to preferred spreading code and adopts the short code spread spectrum;
For air-air high-speed communication traffic between machine, the spread spectrum system can't provide multiple access high-speed communication number to pass business, utilize forward direction spread spectrum link distribution channels scheduling control information step by step this moment, control each node return link high-speed communication number with TDMA time division multiplex channel rule and pass; Perhaps utilize forward direction spread spectrum link to distribute step by step frequency point allocation information, realize that with FDMA frequency division multiple access rule each node return link high-speed communication number passes, this pattern communication bandwidth that take required according to the data volume of each node distributes frequency, perhaps the number of plies M according to group of planes formation stepped hierarchical structure distributes frequency, adopt time division multiplexing access communications link in layer, regard a kind of degree of depth ergodic process or range ergodic process of node for the binary tree structure topology as;
In the group network topological structure that a group of planes is formed into columns and the multiple access system that makes up multiple access system design method, each member node is equal, all can be defined as the father node of any one deck of vacant terminal; Like this, the communication equipment of group of planes formation member node can standardised generic, support between machine that next joint will propose air-air communication and measure the comprehensive channel system, and reliability is very high, even certain person's of putting up node has a cover communication terminal thoroughly to damage, still can realize between machine routing function and communication function over the ground as communication net node normal operation between machine;
group of planes formation hierarchical technology multiple access system based on tree topology also adopts code to divide+frequency division combination multiple access system, support the base line measurement of any communication link two terminals, relative motion measurement and time synchronized, but link is the n-1 bar, n (n-1)/2 than cross link topology reduces a lot, metrical information is abundant not as the cross link topology, this can meet the demands for most group of planes formation task, can be for single ground control control centre to a group of planes directly charge of forming into columns, utilize metrical information dispersing and the whole net time synchronized of group of planes formation as amount of restraint damping INS algorithm between machine, can support that also a group of planes whole net of forming into columns is descending and single ground control control centre is up to the charge order of whole each member node of net of group of planes formation to the single-link high-speed data of single ground control control centre, need not each member node was tapped into the time-division of command and control center, ground or code, more needn't many ground controls control centre participate in the Air-Ground communication for command.
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