CN107490588B - Method for locating tire defects - Google Patents
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- CN107490588B CN107490588B CN201710735065.4A CN201710735065A CN107490588B CN 107490588 B CN107490588 B CN 107490588B CN 201710735065 A CN201710735065 A CN 201710735065A CN 107490588 B CN107490588 B CN 107490588B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
- G01N2223/04—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission and measuring absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
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- G01N2223/646—Specific applications or type of materials flaws, defects
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Abstract
The application discloses a tire defect positioning method, which comprises the steps of setting a mark on the surface of a tire, determining the position of the mark on an X-ray image, and positioning a defect according to the position relation between the defect and the mark in the X-ray image. This application is because of set up the mark on the tire surface, and the position of confirmation mark on the X-ray image that can be clear to carry out more accurate location to the defect according to the relative position of defect and mark.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting defects, and more particularly, to a method for locating tire defects.
Background
Tire manufacturing enterprises need to know the exact location of a defect within a tire and then cut at the location of the defect to facilitate repair of the defect or analysis of the cause of the defect. Repairing non-fatal defects (such as inner bulges and the like) to enable the tires to be put on the market again and reduce the rejection rate of batches; the reason for the defect formation is analyzed, the process link of the defect generation can be traced, the repeated appearance of similar defects is avoided, and the quality of the tire is effectively improved. Therefore, the positioning of the position of the internal defect of the tire is an important link for quality control of tire production enterprises.
However, to date, tire manufacturing companies have not found a practical way to locate internal tire defects. Generally, human eyes are used for identifying tire characteristics on an X-ray image of a tire, then an approximate defect position is estimated according to the characteristics, and a specific defect position is finally found through multiple tentative cutting.
Content of application
The inventors of the present application have found, through research, that since a tire X-ray image is a graphic display obtained from the degree of absorption of X-rays by the material (including thick material and thin material), steel wire, foreign matter, air bubbles, and the like of the tire, when the material is the same and the thickness is close, the degree of discrimination of each portion on the X-ray image is small, and the image display is unclear, and therefore, there is a problem that the accuracy is not high in many cases in discriminating the position of a defect by the structural features of the tire itself, particularly, by a marker or a mark point which the pattern of the tire and the sidewall itself have.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for positioning a tire defect, which is to add a mark on the surface of a tire, and realize accurate positioning of the tire defect according to the position relationship between the defect and the mark.
The application provides a tire defect positioning method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of setting marks on the surface of the tire, identifying the marks, determining the positions of the marks on an X-ray image, and positioning the defects according to the position relation between the defects and the marks on the X-ray image.
As the mark is added outside the tire, after the mark is identified, the identification information is fed back to the X-ray imaging system, and the X-ray imaging system can clearly determine the position of the mark, thereby realizing the accurate positioning of the defect according to the position relation between the defect and the mark
The mark can be additionally attached identifiable objects, such as specification marks, decorations, certificates, trademarks and the like, the material can be metal or nonmetal, and the mark can also be identifiable objects of the tire, such as bar codes, including one-dimensional bar codes, two-dimensional bar codes and the like. The shape of the recognizable object may be a sheet, a block, etc., and is not particularly limited herein, so as to facilitate recognition and attachment. The mark can be arranged on the side wall, or on the bead and the crown, and can be attached to the side wall at a position close to the bead for the convenience of detection.
Further, locating the defect includes locating a circumferential position of the defect. The circumferential direction refers to a direction extending along the tire circumference. Through confirming the circumference of defect, can guarantee when cutting the tire, can accurately judge the cutting position, prevent the repetitive work.
Further, the marker may be identified by a sensor, the kind of which may be selected depending on the marker. For example, when a metal mark is selected, an inductive proximity sensor can be selected, and when a barcode is selected as the mark, a barcode recognition system can be selected as the sensor, preferably, the field of view of the barcode recognition system should be matched with the barcode (i.e., the field of view of the barcode recognition system is the same as the area of the barcode, or the field of view of the barcode recognition system is slightly larger than the area of the barcode), so as to ensure the positioning accuracy. After the marks are identified by the sensor, the information is fed back to the X-ray imaging system, and the X-ray imaging system determines the positions of the marks on the X-ray imaging according to the fed-back information. Specifically, when the sensor senses the mark, the information can be transmitted to the information control system, the information control system transmits the information to the X-ray imaging system, the X-ray imaging system stores and processes the marked information through a preset program, and similarly, the sensor can also directly transmit the information to the X-ray imaging system.
Further, determining the mark position on the X-ray imaging includes that the X-ray imaging system identifies the mark position on the X-ray imaging or the X-ray imaging system records information of the mark position, that is, the X-ray imaging system can identify the mark position and the defect position, for example, an identification point or an identification line is made at the corresponding position, and since the defect position is displayed on the X-ray imaging at the same time, the position relationship between the mark and the defect can be determined on the X-ray imaging; similarly, the X-ray imaging system may record the information of the mark position and the information of the defect position in the system, and calculate the relative positional relationship between the mark and the defect by the system.
Furthermore, the circumferential position of the defect can be marked in the following mode, the imaging line number can be recorded in the imaging process of the X-ray, when the mark is identified, the imaging line number when the mark appears can be recorded by an X-ray imaging system, the imaging line number recorded in one rotation of the tire is divided by 360 degrees, the zero point of any imaging line number is positioned, and the degree of the mark, namely the circumferential position of the defect, is recorded according to the imaging line number when the mark appears.
Further, according to the number of imaging lines of the defect, the degree of the defect is recorded, the position relation between the mark and the defect is determined, and the defect is positioned. The position of the defect can be determined according to the imaging line number of the defect on X-ray imaging and the result of 360-degree division of the imaging line number recorded by rotating the tire for one circle before, and the position relation between the mark and the defect can be obtained by combining the mark position, so that the circumferential position of the defect is positioned.
Further, the mark is a bar code, the sensor comprises a bar code identification system, the bar code is identified by the bar code identification system, and in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the positioning point determined after identification, the view field range of the bar code identification system is matched with the bar code.
Furthermore, the method also comprises the step of positioning the tangential position of the defect, namely positioning the defect at the tangential position in addition to the circumferential direction of the defect through the mark, so that the position of the defect can be accurately positioned. The tangential direction here means a direction from one end to the other end of a projection line on an X-ray image of a tangential plane obtained by cutting the tire in the tire diameter direction in the tire width direction.
Further, the tangential position of the defect is located by measuring the distance from the edge of the tire to the defect in the X-ray image. Here, the distance of the defect from the tire edge may be obtained by measuring the number of pixels between the defect and the tire edge and then performing calculation based on the number of pixels.
Further, dividing the tangential direction into regions, calculating a proportional coefficient of each region, and calculating the tangential position of the defect in the real tire object according to the tangential position in the X-ray imaging and the proportional coefficient. The proportion coefficient of each area in X-ray imaging is different due to shape factors such as radian of each tangent plane area of the tire, and the proportion coefficient of each area is calculated, so that the relative positions of the marks and the defects on the X-ray image can be reflected to a specific tire real object, and the defects on the tire real object can be accurately positioned.
Drawings
Reference is now made to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout,
FIG. 1 illustrates a side projection view and circumferential and tangential plane locations of a tire according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 illustrates a manner of dividing circumferential dimensions on a tire X-ray image in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of a tire, X-ray imaging principles, and regional division of the sectional view, in accordance with embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 illustrates tangential area division on a tire X-ray image and imaging of lead bars used to calculate scaling factors in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 illustrates a method of determining a tangential location of a defect on an X-ray image of a tire in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 illustrates a relationship of a barcode scanner's field of view to a marker location point in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
the method comprises the following steps of 1, a tire bead, 2, a tire side, 3, a tire crown, 4, a section, 5, an X-ray detector, 6, an X-ray, 7, a defect, 8, a mark, 9, a projection line, 10, a lead bar, X, a circumferential direction, y, a section, z and a tangential direction.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope and spirit of the present application.
Example 1
The method realizes the positioning of the tire defects through the following steps:
1. as shown in figure 1, a mark 8 (a carbon steel metal block with the thickness of 1 mm) is stuck on the surface of the tire side, which is 10mm close to the tire bead, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, and the mark is tightly stuck to the tire side through an adhesive tape;
2. a mark identification sensor is arranged at a position 10mm-30mm away from the tire side, and a sensor signal transmission line is connected to a control end of the X-ray imaging of the tire, namely an information processing system;
3. the tire is rotated, when the sensor identifies the mark 8, a signal is transmitted to the information processing system, the information processing system informs the X-ray imaging system to start the X-ray imaging of the tire, image data are collected, meanwhile, angle identification is carried out on the formed X-ray image, and the zero point of the angle is the starting point of the imaging, namely the identification of the circumferential position of the mark. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, in the process of acquiring an image by X-ray, the total number of imaging lines (each line corresponds to one pixel line, and one pixel line corresponds to one line formed by a plurality of pixels) recorded in one rotation of the tire is recorded, the number of single imaging lines can be calculated by dividing 360 degrees by the total number of imaging lines, and the angle of the defect relative to the mark, that is, the circumferential position of the defect, can be obtained by multiplying the number of single imaging lines by the number of imaging lines according to the number of imaging lines of the defect on the X-ray image.
4. And converting pixel points of the image into size information of the tire. Namely, the distance between the defect and the edge of the tire bead is calculated through the pixel points, and the tangential position of the tire defect is determined through X-ray imaging. The step of calculating the distance between the defect and the tire bead edge through the pixel points specifically comprises the steps of determining the distance of the tangential width of the whole tire and the number of pixels in the distance of the tangential width, calculating the width of a single pixel, and multiplying the width of the single pixel by the number of pixels of the sidewall edge of the tire according to the distance between the defect and the tire bead edge to obtain the distance between the defect and the tire bead edge on X-ray imaging, namely the tangential position of the defect. The defect position can be positioned by combining the circumferential angle.
The circumferential direction and the tangential direction in the present embodiment are further described with reference to fig. 1, fig. 3 and fig. 4, where fig. 1 is a side view projection diagram of a tire, the tire is composed of a bead 1, a sidewall 2 and a crown 3, a direction indicated by X in the diagram indicates the circumferential direction of the tire, i.e. the direction along the circumferential direction of the tire, and a position indicated by y indicates a tangential plane position of the tire, when the circumferential position of the tire defect 7 relative to the mark 8 is determined, the tire is cut along the circumferential position where the defect 7 is located, i.e. the tangential plane 4 of the tire as shown in fig. 3 is obtained, and after the tangential plane 4 is imaged by X-ray, a projection line 9 is formed on the X-ray image, as shown in fig. 4, the projection line 9 is a tangential line, i.e. the tangential direction from one end to.
Example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, in the step 3, when the tire rotates, the tire X-ray imaging is started, the image data is collected, when the sensor recognizes the mark, the signal is transmitted to the information processing system, the information processing system notifies the X-ray imaging system, the angle mark is performed on the formed X-ray image, and the zero point of the angle is the point where the mark is recognized, that is, the angle mark of the mark.
Example 3
Different from the embodiment 1, in the step 3, when the tire rotates, the tire X-ray imaging is started, the image data is collected, and simultaneously the angle identification is performed on the formed X-ray image, and the zero point of the angle is the starting point of the imaging. When the sensor recognizes the mark, a signal is transmitted to the information processing system, which informs the X-ray imaging system to identify the angle of the mark by the number of pixel lines of the mark.
Example 4
Unlike embodiment 1, in step 3, the tire is rotated, and when the sensor recognizes the mark, a signal is transmitted to the information processing system, and the information processing system notifies the X-ray imaging system, turns on the X-ray imaging of the tire, and collects image data. At the same time, the angular information of the marker recognized by the sensor is stored in the information processing system, i.e. the angle of the marker is not identified on the resulting X-ray image. At this time, the information processing system may store the number of imaging lines read to the mark in the system, when a defect is detected, similarly store the number of imaging lines of the defect in the system, compare the number of imaging lines of the defect with the number of imaging lines of the defect, and calculate a circumferential position of the defect with respect to the mark by calculating a number of degrees of a single number of imaging lines calculated by dividing 360 degrees by a total number of imaging lines recorded by one rotation of the tire, and store the circumferential position in the information processing system. The specific position of the defect can be calculated subsequently according to the position marked on the real tire and the stored circumferential position information, so that the defect is positioned.
Example 5
Different from the embodiment 1, the step 4 further comprises dividing the tire into areas in the tangential direction, calculating the proportionality coefficients of different areas, and locating the tangential positions of the defects in the tire material object through the proportionality coefficients.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, since the X-ray source is located at the center of the tire, the proportionality coefficients of different areas of the tire projected onto the X-ray detector 7 are different, i.e., the ratio of the size of the tire in real object to the size of the X-ray image is different in different areas. Therefore, before determining the tangential distance, the tire needs to be divided into regions and scaled, so that the tangential position of the defect on the tire can be accurately measured.
On the tire, the section is divided into different areas, specifically into area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4, area 5, and 5 areas (after projection, tangential 5 divided areas appear on the X-ray image), and the 5 areas are mainly divided according to the area where the bead 1, the sidewall 2, the crown 3, the sidewall 2, and the bead 1 are located in the X-ray projection (the bead 1 and the sidewall 2 are symmetrical about the crown 3). The lead bars 10 are sequentially arranged along the five regions, X-ray imaging is carried out to obtain X-ray imaging shown as 4, and the proportionality coefficient of each region can be calculated by calculating the actual size of the lead bars 10 on different regions and the size of the lead bars on the X-ray imaging. The specific calculation formula of the proportionality coefficient of each area is as follows:
hx-lead bar actual dimension Dx/lead bar image measuring dimension Dx
Wherein: hx is the proportionality coefficient of a certain area in X-ray imaging, and X is less than or equal to 5.
After calculating the scaling factors of the different areas, as shown in fig. 5, by measuring the distance from the defect 7 (the position shown as a square in the figure) to the tire bead edge, i.e. the tangential position of the defect 7, on the X-ray image of the tire, the tangential position of the defect in the real tire can be obtained by using the following formula:
the formula is as follows:
wherein: hx is a proportionality coefficient of a certain area in X-ray imaging, Lx is the length of the distance from the defect to the edge of the tire bead in the X-ray imaging in the certain area, and n is less than or equal to 5.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the tangential area is divided into 5 areas, and in actual operation, different numbers of area divisions can be performed as needed, and the more divided areas, the more accurate the calculation is.
The calculated position relation between the defects and the marks in the real tire objects can be controlled by a program and combined with an automatic identification system to automatically identify the defects in the real tire objects, namely, the X-ray imaging software of the tire feeds back the coordinates of the defects to an information processing system, the information processing system rotates the tire according to the coordinates, the positions of the defects are rotated to the corresponding positions of the identification system, and the identification system identifies the defects of the tire. Specifically, an automatic marking system can be combined, so that the marking system marks the defect points of the tire object according to the calculated position relation; similarly, an automatic code spraying system can be combined to spray characters such as types, sizes, position coordinates and the like of the defects at the positions of the defects of the tires.
Example 6
Different from the embodiment 5, the one-dimensional bar code is adopted as the mark in the step 1; and 2, identifying the one-dimensional bar code by adopting a bar code reading device.
In this way, because the barcode label carried by the tire is utilized, other physical marks do not need to be added, the method is more convenient, but because the field of vision of the existing barcode reading device is larger, the barcode reading sometimes has an unstable phenomenon, namely if the barcode enters the barcode reading device, the barcode can be positioned at the moment, if the barcode cannot be read, the barcode is read within a period of time after entering the field of vision of the barcode reading device, the positioning is delayed, and therefore the same barcode has positioning points under different conditions due to the detection sensitivity. As shown in fig. 6, when the view field of the barcode reading apparatus is a, the position (i), the position (ii), and the position (iii) may be used as positioning points for X-ray imaging, which may cause inaccuracy of the angle marking. Therefore, the view width of the bar code reading device should be ensured to match the bar code label. When the code reading device reads the bar code label, the bar code label is just positioned at the center of the visual field of the sensor, and as shown in fig. 6, when the visual field is a, only the position (the position) can be used as a positioning point for X-ray imaging. Therefore, the circumferential position of the X-ray imaging of the tire can be determined as the central point of the bar code label.
The present application has been described in detail hereinabove, however, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the application, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description, which changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art based upon the foregoing description.
Claims (5)
1. A method of tire defect localization, comprising: the method comprises the steps of setting a mark on the surface of a tire, identifying the mark, determining the position of the mark on an X-ray image, and positioning a defect according to the position relation between the defect and the mark on the X-ray image;
positioning the defect comprises positioning the tangential position of the defect, wherein the tangential direction refers to the direction from one end to the other end of a projection line on X-ray imaging, namely a tangent plane obtained by cutting the tire along the diameter direction of the tire in the width direction of the tire;
positioning the tangential position of the defect by measuring the distance between the defect and the edge of the tire in X-ray imaging;
dividing tangential direction regions, calculating a proportionality coefficient of each region, and calculating the tangential position of the defect in the tire real object according to the tangential position of the defect in X-ray imaging and the proportionality coefficient;
positioning the defect comprises positioning the circumferential position of the defect;
the mark is identified through the sensor, after the mark is identified, the information is fed back to the X-ray imaging system, and the X-ray imaging system determines the position of the mark on the X-ray imaging.
2. The method of tire defect location as in claim 1, wherein: determining the location of the marker on the X-ray image includes the X-ray imaging system identifying the location of the marker on the X-ray image or the X-ray imaging system recording information of the location of the marker.
3. Method of tyre defect localization according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the circumference of the defect is located in the following mode, namely, the imaging line number can be recorded in the imaging process of X-ray, when the mark is identified, the imaging line number when the mark appears can be recorded by an X-ray imaging system, the imaging line number recorded in one circle of tire rotation is divided by 360 degrees, any imaging line number is located at a zero point, and the degree of the mark, namely the circumferential position of the mark, is recorded according to the imaging line number when the mark appears.
4. A method of tire defect location as in claim 3, wherein: and recording the degrees of the defects according to the imaging line number of the defects, and determining the position relation between the marks and the defects.
5. The method of tire defect location as in claim 1, wherein: the mark is a bar code, the sensor comprises a bar code identification system, the bar code is identified through the bar code identification system, and the visual field range of the bar code identification system is matched with the bar code.
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Families Citing this family (3)
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| CN109377482A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of tire angle nature examination method based on point cloud data |
| CN113182213B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-06-28 | 泰凯英(青岛)专用轮胎技术研究开发有限公司 | Method for confirming validity of identifying bubble defect in giant tire by X-ray |
| CN117309915A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-29 | 北京霍里思特科技有限公司 | Method for marking tyre defects and related product |
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| CN102735699A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-17 | 武汉工程大学 | Position marking system used in X-ray flaw detection post-treatment |
| WO2015092651A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. | Method for controlling the quality of a tyre for vehicle wheels |
| CN106483154A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-08 | 特罗斯特两合公司 | Radioexmination main component is the device, method of the strip material of rubber or plastics |
| CN205720055U (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-11-23 | 北京铁科工程检测中心 | The internal carrying out flaw detection device of a kind of concrete ray |
| CN106570556A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-19 | 万通智控科技股份有限公司 | Radio frequency identification electronic label used for tyre |
| CN106767434A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽佳通乘用子午线轮胎有限公司 | A kind of rolling tire tyre surface sliding measuring system and tyre surface sliding measuring method |
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