CN107480318A - Hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method - Google Patents
Hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method, comprise the following steps：For selected hard brittle material thin-walled parts, the parametrization thin-wall construction model of the part is established, for the model specification finite element grid；For the constraints of described thin-wall construction model loading setting；Every procedure in cutting process is optimized by algorithm optimization, obtains maximum stress value corresponding to the process；According to described maximum stress value, material working strength value and safety coefficient, with reference to cutting Force Model, the machined parameters of current process are obtained.It is relative to possess following advantage with prior art；Under the conditions of geometric parameter of machine tooling operating mode and thin-walled parts etc. is met, the maximum stress of thin-walled parts can be obtained rapidly using algorithm；Machined parameters can be specified with reference to maximum stress value and cutting Model maximum magnitude, improve processing efficiency；The residual intensity of thin-walled parts is make use of in process, it is ensured that the reliability of process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of parts machining process optimization method based on finite element and optimized algorithm, more particularly to one kind
Hard brittle material thin-walled parts processing technology optimization method.
Background technology
With production and the development of science and technology, microelectronics, photoelectron, sensor technology and material technology are showing improvement or progress day by day, firmly
The hard brittle materials such as matter alloy, hardened steel, optical glass, ceramics, photoelectric crystal and granite, because wearability is strong, hardness height etc.
The application of premium properties in the industry is gradually universal.Meanwhile the thin-wall construction of hard brittle material because with it is in light weight, save material,
The advantages that compact-sized and be widely used in high-performance aerospace product, electronic product.Thin-walled parts are because of its rigidity
It is low, its problems such as allowing knife, rupture failure that easily deform in the fabrication process, and the lightweight of hard brittle material thin-walled parts is processed
It is middle because material fragility is big, easily formed micro-crack extension cause structure to be destroyed, so proposing tightened up requirement to processing technology.
The inductile of hard brittle material, fragility destroy, micro-crack and high cost propose very high want to its processing method
Ask.At present, the processing of hard brittle material thin-walled parts is based on Grinding Technology.Generally, hard crisp thin-walled parts processing
When system of processing the working process parameter such as cutting speed, the amount of feeding, cutting depth and cutting width selection often technique people
Member is rule of thumb or handbook carries out selection.For the sake of security, generally select more conservative cutting parameter and keep it
Constant, the selection of cutting parameter generally requires substantial amounts of engineer testing and test, and this just have impact on processing efficiency, especially to hard crisp
For material, when arriving given size toward contact is undressed, just it has been broken, has seriously spun out the manufacturing cycle.Therefore processing technology
Optimization, cutter and lathe can reasonably be used by being directly connected to, to improve productivity ratio, reduce production cost have important work
With.In order to solve this problem, various processing technology optimization methods propose in succession.Traditional, existing processing optimization method master
It is embodied in the selection of processing method and the specific optimization of machined parameters, remaining material is underused in the selection of its machined parameters
Material, and the relation that can not be established between machined parameters and residual intensity and cutting force.Therefore, the selection of its machined parameters often has
There is blindness, too small to influence processing efficiency, the excessive danger for having Materials Fracture destruction, the efficiency and precision reached is not
It is preferable.
Therefore the research of above-mentioned processing technology optimization, the pass established between machined parameters and residual intensity and cutting force are carried out
System, using finite element analysis, makes suitable processing technology, to select suitable, larger machined parameters, makes every step process
Surplus material can be made full use of, the higher structure of bearing capacity is formed, minimizes the maximum stress of part in process,
And then processing efficiency is improved, and prevent thin-walled parts from rupture failure occurs.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the proposition of problem above, and a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology developed optimizes
Method, comprise the following steps：
- selected hard brittle material thin-walled parts are directed to, the parametrization thin-wall construction model of the part is established, for the model
Set finite element grid；
- the constraints set for described thin-wall construction model loading；By algorithm optimization in cutting process
Every procedure optimize, obtain maximum stress value corresponding to the process；
- according to described maximum stress value, material working strength value and safety coefficient, with reference to cutting Force Model, obtain
The machined parameters of current process.
As preferred embodiment, described part shape passes through limited individual design variable Di, i=1,2 ... m tables
Show, parametrization thin-wall construction model of the composition with finite element grid.
It is as follows to described thin-wall construction model loading procedure as preferred embodiment：
- initialization system load value is F, is usedGenetic algorithmOptimize；
- calculate the step design variable be loading position coordinate (x, y), output variable be FEM model most
Big stress σmax2, σmax2Change with the change of the coordinate (x, y) of loading position；
Optimization aim is the maximum stress σ of FEM modelmax2Maximum, solve corresponding maximum stress σmax1, i.e. σmax1
=max (σmax2)。
Further, it is described as follows to optimizing process to every procedure in cutting process by optimizing：
- optimization aim is set as maximum stress value σmax1Minimum, min σmax1；Constraints is model volume≤process pair
The setting value answered：
s.t.Vk≤[V]k(k=1,2 ... l)
Wherein：VkRepresent the volume of workpiece after kth procedure；[V]kRepresent the theoretical maximum body of workpiece after kth procedure
Product；T represents the half of the final thickness of workpiece；Di kRepresent the half of the thickness of workpiece at the i of position after kth procedure；Di k-1Generation
After the procedure of table kth -1 at the i of position the thickness of workpiece half, TsRepresent the half of blank thickness；
Workpiece shapes after-setting processing and the workpiece shapes before processing are misaligned, and design variable is moulded dimension variable
Di(i=1,2 ... m)
- calculated by optimizing, moulded dimension variable after optimize, determine the procedure process after thin-wall part
Shape；
The shape of thin-wall part after upper one of the process optimization of-combination, you can obtain the procedure and remove (cutting) material
Concrete shape.
Further, the cutting Force Model used in the working angles：
Fg=fg(A,fu,N,ap,ae,f)
Due to load value F and maximum stress value σmaxIt is linear, with reference to the working strength of grinding force model and material
[σmax], and appropriate safety coefficient R is specified, by equation below, obtain the maximum grinding force for allowing to use of the process；
By intensity level [σ], the maximum stress value σ of materialmaxAnd safety coefficient R, obtain cutting force Fg。
As preferred embodiment, described finite element grid is hexagonal mesh.
Described optimized algorithm is
Gradient optimal method, including：Modified feasible direction method Modified Method of Feasible
Directions, broad sense Decent Gradient Methods Large Scale Generalized Reduced Gradient, the secondary rule of sequence
Draw method Sequential Quadratic Programming, multi-functional optimization systems technology Multifunction
Optimization System Tool, mixing integer SQP Mixed-Integer Sequential
Quadratic Programming；
Direct search method, including：Huo Ke-Ji Weisi direct search method Hooke-Jeeves Direct Search
Method, go down the hill singly to deposit shape method Downhill Simplex；
Global optimization approach：Archipelago genetic algorithm Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm, evolution algorithm
Evolutionary Optimization, Adaptive simulated annealing method Adaptive Simulated Annealing, population
Optimization algorithms article Swarm Optimization).
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts processing technology optimization side disclosed by the invention
Method, it is relative to possess following advantage with prior art；1. meeting the conditions such as the geometric parameter of machine tooling operating mode and thin-walled parts
Under, the maximum stresses of thin-walled parts can be obtained rapidly using algorithm；2. combine maximum stress value and cutting Model can maximum model
Exclosure specifies machined parameters, drastically increases processing efficiency；3. in process, the residue for taking full advantage of thin-walled parts is strong
Degree, it is ensured that the reliability of process.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment or existing for clearer explanation embodiments of the invention or the technical scheme of prior art
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to do one and simply introduce, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only
Some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, may be used also
To obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts processing technology Optimization Steps flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts single track grinding process processing technology optimization stream provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for the thin-wall part that the embodiment of the present invention is specifically processed.
Fig. 4 is workpiece interface schematic shapes after traditional processing per pass manufacturing procedure.
Fig. 5 is the thin-walled model cross sectional shape schematic diagram established in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 be the process provided in an embodiment of the present invention for optimizing to obtain based on processing technology corresponding to thin-walled parts shape show
It is intended to.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of embodiments of the invention clearer, with reference to the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly completely described：
As shown in figures 1 to 6：
The present invention is using the Grinding Process of RB-SiC thin-wall parts as research object.Present case is said with reference to accompanying drawing 1
It is bright, a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts processing technology optimization method of the embodiment of the present invention, mainly comprise the following steps：
Step 1: determine the shape of blank and final workpiece.
Step 2: the process of part processing is determined, it is determined that removing residue every time is removed the 30% of material volume, and then really
The residual volume of fixed each procedure.Single process uses identical machined parameters, only need to be to per machining parameters optimization together
.
Step 3: being optimized according to the workpiece volume of different processes, optimal workpiece shapes are determined.
Step 4: according to the load F of different processes, maximum stress σmaxDetermine the machined parameters of the process：In the present embodiment
In preferred speed of mainshaft n, feed speed f, axial cutting-in h and radial direction cutting-in apExtra bed machined parameters.
It is as follows to complete key step of the pretreatment based on optimization of certain algorithm to the processing technology of single track manufacturing procedure, such as
Shown in accompanying drawing 2：
Step 1: using the process of RB-SiC thin-wall parts as research object, the thin-wall part model of parametrization is established.
It is model specified material attribute and grid division, and add about Step 2: using ANSYS finite element analysis softwares
Beam condition.
Step 3: being loaded to FEM model, load value F, entered using certain optimized algorithm (such as genetic algorithm)
Row optimization calculates, and solves maximum stress σmax1。
Step 4: the design variable of processing technology optimization：Moulded dimension variable：D1,D2…Dm, object function：minσmax1。
Step 5: as preferred embodiment, the present embodiment employs genetic algorithm and (other optimizations also can be selected to calculate
Method) thin wall profile after single process is optimized, and obtain corresponding maximum stress value σmax。
Many algorithms can complete the optimization task of the present invention, as preferred embodiment, can select following
Optimized algorithm, such as：
Gradient optimal method, including：Modified feasible direction method Modified Method of Feasible
Directions, broad sense Decent Gradient Methods Large Scale Generalized Reduced Gradient, the secondary rule of sequence
Draw method Sequential Quadratic Programming, multi-functional optimization systems technology Multifunction
Optimization System Tool, mixing integer SQP Mixed-Integer Sequential
Quadratic Programming；
Direct search method, including：Huo Ke-Ji Weisi direct search method Hooke-Jeeves Direct Search
Method, go down the hill singly to deposit shape method Downhill Simplex；
Global optimization approach：Archipelago genetic algorithm Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm, evolution algorithm
Evolutionary Optimization, Adaptive simulated annealing method Adaptive Simulated Annealing, population
Optimization algorithms article Swarm Optimization).
Further, the idiographic flow of process optimization：According to workpiece shapes, workpiece shapes are passed through into limited individual design variable
(Di(i=1,2 ... m)) represents, DiFor moulded dimension variable, the thin-wall part model of parametrization is formed：
S=dS(D1,D2…Dm)
Next, the model is imported into finite element analysis software, specified material attribute and grid division, according to work
Condition, appropriate constraints is added for model.
FEM model is loaded, load value F, the calculating (design of the step is optimized using genetic algorithm
Variable is the coordinate (x, y) of loading position, and output variable is the maximum stress σ of FEM modelmax2, σmax2With loading position
The change of coordinate (x, y) and change, optimization aim be FEM model maximum stress σmax2It is maximum), solve accordingly most
Big stress σmax1, i.e. σmax1=max (σmax2)。
Calculating is optimized using genetic algorithm, optimization aim is maximum stress value σmax1Minimum, constraints are model
Volume is less than or equal to certain value (related to process), and the workpiece shapes before workpiece shapes and processing after processing are misaligned, and design becomes
Measure as moulded dimension variables Di(i=1,2 ... m), finally, is calculated by optimizing, the moulded dimension variable after being optimized, it is determined that
The shape of thin-wall part after procedure processing.With reference to the shape of thin-wall part after upper one of process optimization, you can obtain the road work
Sequence removes the concrete shape of material：
Optimization aim：minσmax1
Constraints：s.t.Vk≤[V]k(k=1,2 ... l)
Wherein：VkRepresent the volume of workpiece after kth procedure；[V] k represents the theoretical maximum body of workpiece after kth procedure
Product；T represents the half of the final thickness of workpiece；Di kRepresent the half of the thickness of workpiece at the i of position after kth procedure；Di k-1Generation
After the procedure of table kth -1 at the i of position the thickness of workpiece half, TsRepresent the half of blank thickness.
After optimization, the maximum stress value σ of the procedure can be obtainedmax.Due to load value F and maximum stress value σmaxLinearly
Relation, with reference to grinding force model and the working strength [σ of materialmax], and specify appropriate safety coefficient R, you can obtain the road work
The maximum grinding force that can be used of sequence, is shown in equation below：
Draw maximum grinding force FgAfterwards, all machined parameters are gone out further according to the grinding force model of ultrasonic vibration aided grinding, reverse,
Such as：Rule of thumb specify ultrasonic amplitude A, supersonic frequency fu, speed of mainshaft N, radial direction cutting-in ap, axial cutting-in ae, you can draw
F is fed, completes the Processing Strategies optimization of the procedure：
Fg=fg(A, fu, N, ap, ae, f)
Embodiment
Such as accompanying drawing 3, the RB-SiC thin-wall parts of process optimization, length 40mm, height 40mm are processed, original depth is
7.5mm, thickness is 1.5mm after processing.
First have to be processed procedure planning, 1/3 method of volume is removed using every procedure removal material residue
Procedure planning is processed, is divided into 7 procedures altogether.If using traditional Processing Strategies, i.e., the workpiece after every procedure
Shape is all cuboid, is processed using top-down order, identical per procedure machined parameters, then work after every procedure
The volume and wall thickness of part are as shown in the table, and as shown in Figure 4, solid line represents the workpiece shape after the procedure to workpiece interface shape
Shape.
7. carry out process optimization for each procedure.The Optimization Steps of first procedure are, first, in inventor
In, the thin-wall part model of parametrization is established, is calculated to simplify, establishes longitudinal cross-section identical thin-walled model, cross sectional shape is such as
Shown in accompanying drawing 5, left and right sideline is symmetrical, is all the SPL determined by 5 points, and this 5 points are uniformly distributed along longitudinal direction, and spacing is
10mm, the distance with model center line are respectively D1、D2、D3、D4、D5(moulded dimension variable), this 5 variable elements are to design to become
Amount, changes the numerical value of this 5 parameters, the shape of model will also change, next, the parameterized model is imported into
In ANSYS Workbench.
For process 1, the initial value for making each design variable is 2.75.Then mesh generation is carried out from hexahedral element.
Fixed constraint is applied according to operating mode respectively to model bottom and the left and right sides.FEM model is loaded, load value F,
Using Sequential Quadratic Programming method (NLPQL) optimize calculating (design variable of the step be loading position coordinate (x, y),
Output variable is the maximum stress σ of FEM modelmax2, σmax2Change with the change of the coordinate (x, y) of loading position, optimize
Target is the maximum stress σ of FEM modelmax2It is maximum), solve corresponding maximum stress σmax1, i.e. σmax1=max
(σmax2), σmax1For the output parameter of the step.I.e.：
Optimization aim：maxσmax2(x,y)
Constraints：S.t.0≤x≤40,0≤y≤40
Calculating is optimized using the Design Exploration integrated in ANSYS Workbench, optimization aim is
Maximum stress value σmax1Minimum, constraints are that model volume is less than or equal to 8800mm3, design variable is moulded dimension variables D1、
D2、D3、D4、D5, optimization method uses genetic algorithm, refers to table 2.I.e.：
Optimization aim：minσmax1(D1,D2,D3,D4,D5)
Constraints：s.t.V1≤8800；
Calculated followed by optimization.Finally, the D after being optimized1~D5Numerical value and corresponding maximum stress
σmaxValue.It is as shown in the table.Maximum stress value before contrast optimization, it is found that the maximum stress value after optimization substantially reduces,
Decrease by 34.65%.Similar processing technology similarly can be carried out to other 5 procedures to optimize, because the work after the 7th procedure
Part shape is fixed, so need not optimize.It is as shown in the table, for the maximum stress value exported before and after optimization.
Workpiece shapes after per pass process optimization are as shown in Figure 6.
1 maximum stress value obtained according to optimization, machined parameters are determined with reference to grinding force model, are specified ultrasonic amplitude A, are surpassed
Acoustic frequency fu, speed of mainshaft N, radial direction cutting-in ap, axial cutting-in ae, you can draw feeding f, and then material removing rate can be calculated
MRR=ap*ae*f, and volume V can be taken out according to the material of every procedure, calculate process time t=V/MRR.As a result such as table
It is shown..
It is processed according to traditional processing technology, i.e., only carries out simple procedure planning, its process time used such as table 5
It is shown：
Contrast the process time of the present embodiment and the process time of common process finds that processing technology proposed by the present invention is excellent
Change method, on the premise of ensureing that processed safely goes out RB-SiC thin-wall parts, processing efficiency can be improved up to 219%, demonstrate proposition
Processing technology optimization method advantage.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
- selected hard brittle material thin-walled parts are directed to, the parametrization thin-wall construction model of the part is established, for the model specification
Finite element grid；
- the constraints set for described thin-wall construction model loading；By algorithm optimization to every in cutting process
Procedure optimizes, and obtains optimal workpiece shapes and maximum stress value corresponding to the process；
- according to described maximum stress value, material working strength value and safety coefficient, with reference to cutting Force Model, obtain current
The machined parameters of process.
2. hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method according to claim 1, is further characterized in that institute
The part shape stated passes through limited individual design variable Di, i=1,2 ... m represent that parametrization of the composition with finite element grid is thin
Wall construction model.
3. hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that pair
Described thin-wall construction model loading procedure is as follows：
- initialization system load value is F, and calculating is optimized using optimized algorithm；
- calculate the step design variable be loading position coordinate (x, y), output variable for FEM model maximum should
Power σmax2, σmax2Change with the change of the coordinate (x, y) of loading position；
Optimization aim is the maximum stress σ of FEM modelmax2Maximum, solve corresponding maximum stress σmax1, i.e. σmax1=
max(σmax2)。
4. hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method according to claim 3, is further characterized in that institute
State as follows to optimizing process to every procedure in cutting process by optimizing：
- optimization aim is set as maximum stress value σmax1Minimum, min σmax1；Constraints is corresponding to model volume≤process
Setting value：
s.t.Vk≤[V]k(k=1,2 ... l)
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Wherein：VkRepresent the volume of workpiece after kth procedure；[V]kRepresent the theoretical maximum volume of workpiece after kth procedure；T generations
The half of the final thickness of table workpiece；Di kRepresent the half of the thickness of workpiece at the i of position after kth procedure；Di k-1Represent kth -1
After procedure at the i of position the thickness of workpiece half, TsRepresent the half of blank thickness；
Workpiece shapes after-setting processing and the workpiece shapes before processing are misaligned, and design variable is moulded dimension variables Di(i
=1,2 ... m)
- calculated by optimizing, the moulded dimension variable after being optimized, determine the workpiece shapes after procedure processing；
The shape of thin-wall part after upper one of the process optimization of-combination, you can obtain the procedure and remove the specific of (cutting) material
Shape.
5. hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method according to claim 4, is further characterized in that institute
State the cutting Force Model used in working angles：
Fg=fg(A,fu,N,ap,ae,f)
Due to load value F and maximum stress value σmaxIt is linear, with reference to grinding force model and the working strength [σ of materialmax],
And safety coefficient R=3~5 are specified, by equation below, obtain the maximum grinding force for allowing to use of the process；
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By intensity level [σ], the maximum stress value σ of materialmaxAnd safety coefficient R, obtain cutting force Fg。
6. hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method according to claim 1, is further characterized in that institute
The finite element grid stated is hexagonal mesh.
7. hard brittle material thin-walled parts cutting technology optimization method according to claim 1, is further characterized in that institute
The optimized algorithm stated is
Gradient optimal method, including：It is Modified feasible direction method Modified Method of Feasible Directions, wide
Adopted Decent Gradient Methods Large Scale Generalized Reduced Gradient, Sequential Quadratic Programming method Sequential
Quadratic Programming, multi-functional optimization systems technology Multifunction Optimization System
Tool, mixing integer SQP Mixed-Integer Sequential Quadratic Programming；
Direct search method, including：Huo Ke-Ji Weisi direct search method Hooke-Jeeves Direct Search Method,
Go down the hill singly to deposit shape method Downhill Simplex；
Global optimization approach：Archipelago genetic algorithm Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm, evolution algorithm
Evolutionary Optimization, Adaptive simulated annealing method Adaptive Simulated Annealing, population
Optimization algorithms article Swarm Optimization.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109839895A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-06-04 | 温州大学 | A kind of method that cutter geometrical structure parameter and working process parameter optimize jointly |
| CN116150841A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-05-23 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Multi-tower cable-stayed bridge side tower design method |
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