CN107478611A - A kind of method for calculating the exposed rate of rock - Google Patents
A kind of method for calculating the exposed rate of rock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for calculating the exposed rate of rock, this method includes：The pure rock of typical sampling point, vegetation and soil pixel are counted in red and two wave bands of near-infrared reflectivity；Mixed pixel three is built according to Decomposition of Mixed Pixels principle and divides decomposition method (ternary linear function group), tries to achieve karst region exposed bedrock rate (BRR)；Unsupervised classification is carried out to unmanned plane filmed image, BRR is extracted by binaryzation and is used as ground truth；Ground truth and typical sampling point Decomposition of Mixed Pixels result are established into regression model, for carrying out accuracy evaluation and system amendment to the result of Decomposition of Mixed Pixels, revised model is applied to whole scape satellite image, obtains widespread adoption level exposed bedrock rate result.By implementing this method, efficient, the accurate extraction of karst region exposed bedrock rate can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological Remote Sensing Applied research fields, more particularly to a kind of method for calculating the exposed rate of rock.
Background technology
Stony desertification is the third-largest ecological problem that China faces after soil erosion and Desertification, and Rocky Desertification Region is
Through as the fourth-largest ecologically fragile areas after China loess plateau, Desert Area, cold desert area, being now increasingly becoming country's concern
Emphasis.Karst region land present status, particularly present situation data and the multidate information such as the distribution of stony desertification soil, degree, area are grasped, can
To formulate Prevention ＆ Control of Rocky Desertification policy for country and place, work out integrated management planning, realize that the strategy of sustainable development provides basis
Data.The exposed rate of rock (BRR) is that stony desertification most intuitively characterizes, and by establishing the BRR inverse models based on satellite remote sensing, is entered
And distribution and the degree of stony desertification are obtained, active and effective measure is taken to the more serious area of stony desertification, contains that it continues to dislike
Change has important theory value and practice significance.
At present on the research method to stony desertification remote sensing appraising, main reference is to be widely used in land use survey
With the Pixel scrambling and empirical model of analysis.Wherein, empirical model method is related to other key elements by being fitted BRR
Relation, it is established that be suitable only for the empirical model of survey region, it has the shortcomings that lacking theoretical foundation, replicability is not strong.Picture
First two sub-models are that a pixel is divided into two parts：Vegetation and non-vegetation, or exposed soil and non-exposed soil, calculate its each several part
Contribution rate, so as to establish the model for calculating BRR.It is typically the types of ground objects such as vegetation, rock and exposed soil in view of Rocky Desertification Region
Mix, and the SPECTRAL DIVERSITY of exposed soil and rock is smaller, is divided using the pixel two that type of ground objects is only divided into rock and non-rock
Model, larger error can be produced in the application of reality.
Simultaneously as being influenceed by " the different spectrum of jljl ", " same object different images " phenomenon and atmospheric conditions, utilize with spectral characteristic
BRR for the Pixel Unmixing Models direct solution of starting point can have some deviations, cause precision relatively low, and can not meet should
With the demand of level.
Therefore, the method for studying the high exposed rate of solution rock of a kind of wide adaptability, precision has important practical value.
The content of the invention
In view of the problem of existing BRR remote sensing appraising models are present, the invention discloses one kind to combine unmanned plane quantitative measurment
The method of the exposed rate of karst region rock, this method can solve tradition by establishing based on rock, soil and the trichotomy of vegetation
Dichotomy considers karst region type of ground objects the problem of incomplete, while the present invention is also proposed based on unmanned plane image to trichotomy meter
The method that obtained BRR is assessed and corrected, so as to solve " the different spectrum of jljl ", " same object different images " phenomenon and big gas bar
Error caused by part.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme：A kind of method for calculating the exposed rate of rock, including step：
(1) according to satellite remote-sensing image, pure rock at typical sampling point, vegetation and soil pixel this three special dictionary is counted respectively
The reflectivity of type atural object red spectral band and near infrared band；
(2) following ternary linear function groups is built according to Decomposition of Mixed Pixels principle：
ρR=a × ρR‐R+b×ρR‐V+c×ρR‐S；
ρNIR=a × ρNIR‐R+b×ρNIR‐V+c×ρNIR‐S；
A+b+c=1；
Wherein, ρR‐R、ρR‐V、ρR‐SThe respectively pure rock of red spectral band, vegetation, the reflectivity of soil pixel, ρNIR‐R、
ρNIR‐V、ρNIR‐SThe respectively pure rock of near infrared band, vegetation, the reflectivity of soil pixel, a, b, c are respectively rock, planted
Area ratio shared by quilt, components of soil, a is the exposed rate of rock of this to be calculated pixel, to above-mentioned ternary linear function
Group is solved, that is, show that the calculation formula of the exposed rate of rock is as follows：
Preferably, in the step (1), in the reflectivity statistics of pure rock, vegetation, soil pixel, with reference to the ground
The nearly P width Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data in area, to choosing three and above sample prescription respectively per a kind of atural object in three quasi-representative atural objects, and to such
Two wave bands of feux rouges, near-infrared in satellite remote-sensing image corresponding to atural object are averaged respectively, to be used as feux rouges, near-infrared two
The reflectivity of wave band, and then pure rock, vegetation, soil pixel are obtained respectively in feux rouges, the reflectivity of near infrared band.
Preferably, the method for calculating the exposed rate of rock also includes step：
(3) using unmanned plane shooting earth surface image；
(4) unsupervised classification is carried out to the earth surface image of shooting, the exposed rate of rock is extracted by binaryzation, as ground
Face true value；
(5) the exposed rate of rock that the ground truth of step (4) and step (2) are calculated is established into regression model, be used for
The exposed rate of rock that step (2) is calculated carries out system amendment and precision test, and revised model is applied to entirely
Satellite image, and then obtain application layer exposed bedrock rate result.
Preferably, in the step (5), the exposed rate of rock that step (2) is calculated carries out accuracy evaluation and system
The step of amendment is：
The sample prescription that unmanned plane is shot is randomly divided into two parts by (5-1) according to ground truth size, according to step (4) respectively
The exposed rate of rock corresponding to sample prescription is counted, the exposed rate of rock of wherein half sample prescription is used for the system amendment of model, performs step
(5-2), the exposed rate of rock of second half sample prescription perform step (5-3) as precision test data；
(5-2) system amendment step is：The exposed rate of rock of the system amendment for model obtained using step (5-1)
The satellite remote sensing exposed bedrock rate (calculated value) that (ground truth) corresponding step (2) calculates, establishes linear regression model (LRM)：
Y=mx+n, wherein, y represents calculated value, and x represents ground truth, and m is linear relationship slope, and n is linear relationship intercept, is calculated
To m, n parameter value；
Then correction formula is：Y '=(y-n)/m, wherein, y ' represents the remote sensing exposed bedrock rate after correction；
(5-3) precision test step：The amendment that the exposed bedrock rate that step (2) calculates is brought into step (5-2) acquisition is public
In formula, the remote sensing exposed bedrock rate after correction is calculated；
Remote sensing exposed bedrock rate after correction and its corresponding rock as precision test data in step (5-1) is naked
Dew rate is compared, and calculates the error of the two, and whether error in judgement exceedes default threshold value, is to re-execute step (5), no
Then complete amendment.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that and beneficial effect：
A, establish based on rock, soil and the Decomposition of Mixed Pixels of vegetation trichotomy, divide mould with traditional pixel two of establishing
Type is compared with empirical model method, due to adding a parameter for considering karst region actual conditions, so the precision of simulation is more
It is high.
B, a BRR inverse model inspection method of accuracy for combining unmanned plane is established, takes full advantage of the height of unmanned plane
Flexibility, under-the-clouds flight, high-resolution and the advantages such as cost is low, it is not necessary to which object spectrum is surveyed on field ground, reduces field
Human and material resources cost needed for investigation.
C, a satellite remote sensing BRR bearing calibration for combining unmanned plane is established, can effectively be solved " the different spectrum of jljl ", " same
Error caused by spectrum foreign matter " phenomenon and atmospheric conditions, improves BRR computational accuracies.
D, take full advantage of the advantage of unmanned plane and the large space scope of middle low resolution satellite image obtain information capability,
The evaluation method of BRR in the range of large space can be obtained quickly, in high precision by constructing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the present embodiment amendment relation model figure.
Fig. 3 is the present embodiment precision test scatter diagram.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing being given for example only property explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as the limitation to this patent；It is attached in order to more preferably illustrate the present embodiment
Scheme some parts to have omission, zoom in or out, do not represent the size of actual product；To those skilled in the art,
Some known features and its explanation may be omitted and will be understood by accompanying drawing.The present invention is made with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing
Further detailed description, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment
The essence that the method for the exposed rate of rock is calculated described in the present embodiment is the method for Decomposition of Mixed Pixels, i.e., from actual light
Ratio shared by modal data (data of generally more object spectrum mixing) the various atural object compositions (end member) of middle extraction and each composition
The method of example (abundance).With reference to Fig. 1, so that Landsat8 images are satellite remote sensing date source as an example, to whole method flow
It is specifically described.
The present embodiment method includes nearly 20 width Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data collection point in somewhere (landsat8,128042 scapes)
Analysis, the exposed rate of rock calculation formula foundation, correction model structure, model accuracy checking, each step is specially：
Step (1)：Rock, vegetation and the quasi-representative atural object of soil three are counted in Landsat8 feux rouges and near infrared band
Reflectivity.Assuming that atural object is made up of three components, it is vegetation, soil, rock respectively, then for a pixel of some wave band
For, its reflectivity can be expressed as：
ρ=a × ρR+b×ρV+c×ρS (1)
In formula：ρ is the reflectivity of a certain wave band pixel；Subscript R, V and s represent rock, vegetation and soil respectively；a、b、c
Respectively rock, vegetation, the area ratio shared by components of soil, a is the exposed rate of rock of the pixel.
For Landsat8 images, pure rock, vegetation, soil pixel, 21,12,11 sample prescriptions are have chosen respectively,
And it is averaged as feux rouges, the pure rock of two wave bands of near-infrared, vegetation, soil pixel reflectivity.Here remember pure
Net rock, vegetation, soil pixel are respectively in the reflectivity of feux rouges and near infrared band：ρR‐R、ρNIR‐R、ρR‐V、ρNIR‐V、ρR‐S、
ρNIR‐S, wherein subscript R and NIR represent feux rouges and near infrared band respectively.
Step (2)：According to Decomposition of Mixed Pixels principle, exposed bedrock rate is solved.It is anti-according to the pixel described in formula (1)
Rate calculation formula is penetrated, with reference to three class atural objects in feux rouges and the reflectivity of near infrared band, then have：
ρR=a × ρR‐R+b×ρR‐V+c×ρR‐S (2)
ρNIR=a × ρNIR‐R+b×ρNIR‐V+c×ρNIR‐S (3)
A+b+c=1 (4)
Simultaneous formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4), carry out ternary linear function solution, you can draw the exposed rate of rock
Calculation formula：
Calculation formula according to the exposed rate of rock substitutes into feux rouges, the reflectivity data ρ of near infrared bandR、ρNIRAnd statistics
ρR‐R、ρR‐V、ρR‐S、ρNIR‐R、ρNIR‐V、ρNIR‐SScape image rock exposed rate (BRR) result can be obtained.
Step (3)：Random shooting unmanned plane image in the region covered to 128042 scape landsat8 images, this
20 width are shot altogether, and 20 width unmanned plane images cover all types of ground objects of 128042 scape remote sensing images.
Step (4)：Unsupervised classification is carried out to 20 width unmanned plane images, the exposed rate of rock is extracted by binaryzation, by it
As ground truth；Sample prescription is chosen in 20 width, sample prescription is circle, and a diameter of 30m, this implementation selects 102, sample prescription altogether.
Step (5)：The structure of correction model.Amendment i.e. to the exposed bedrock rate result of calculation described in step (2) with
Correction.Specifically：
Step (5-1)：Size by 102 unmanned plane sample prescriptions according to BRR, is randomly divided into two parts, the sample of each section
Number formulary is 51, counts the exposed rate image of rock corresponding to sample prescription respectively and draws statistical result.Wherein, the sample prescription base of half
Step (5-2) is shown in the system amendment that the exposed rate statistical result of rock is used for model；The exposed bedrock rate of second half sample prescription is as precision
Data are verified, see step (5-3).
Step (5-2)：Using conventional linear homing method, the exposed rate of rock that step (2) is tried to achieve and unmanned plane sample prescription
Linear regression relation (referring to Fig. 2) is established between the ground truth of acquisition, both linear relationships are：Y=2.496x+0.040,
Deterministic coefficient (R2) it is 0.638.So, correction model is：
Y '=(y-0.040)/2.496 (6)
In formula, y ' is revised exposed bedrock rate.
According to above-mentioned correction formula, formula can be substituted into after the exposed rate y of rock by, which being calculated by satellite remote-sensing image, obtains
To application layer exposed bedrock rate y '.
Step (5-3)：Model accuracy is verified.In order to further verify the applicability of the formula, second half sample can be utilized
The remote sensing exposed bedrock rate result of calculation that the exposed bedrock rate of side is come as precision test data after examination and correction, the present embodiment essence
Degree the result is shown in Fig. 3, both certainty coefficients Rs2Reach 0.651, illustrate that it has good correlation, and precision scatterplot
The distribution of figure is closer to 1:1 line.Therefore the correction formula obtained meets to require.If the correction result difference finally given compared with
Greatly, more than the threshold value of setting, then data are extracted to the sample prescription of unmanned plane shooting again, it is further to carry out system amendment, enter one
Step establishes revised formula, until precision test passes through.
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. method for calculating the exposed rate of rock, it is characterised in that including step：(1) according to satellite remote-sensing image, pure rock at typical sampling point, vegetation and the quasi-representative atural object feux rouges of soil three are counted respectively The reflectivity of wave band and near infrared band；(2) following ternary linear function groups is built according to Decomposition of Mixed Pixels principle：ρR=a × ρR‐R+b×ρR‐V+c×ρR‐S；ρNIR=a × ρNIR‐R+b×ρNIR‐V+c×ρNIR‐S；A+b+c=1；Wherein, ρR‐R、ρR‐V、ρR‐SThe respectively pure rock of red spectral band, vegetation, the reflectivity of soil pixel, ρNIR‐R、ρNIR‐V、 ρNIR‐SThe respectively pure rock of near infrared band, vegetation, the reflectivity of soil pixel；A, b, c are respectively rock, vegetation, soil Area ratio shared by earth each component, then, a is the exposed rate of rock of this to be calculated pixel, to above-mentioned ternary linear function Group is solved, that is, show that the calculation formula of the exposed rate of rock is as follows：<mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>R</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> </mrow>
- 2. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the exposed rate of rock, it is characterised in that in the step (1), pure When rock, vegetation, the reflectivity of soil pixel count, with reference to the nearly P width Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data of this area, in satellite remote-sensing image In, to choosing three and above sample prescription respectively per a kind of atural object in three quasi-representative atural objects, and it is distant to satellite corresponding to such atural object Two feux rouges, near-infrared wave bands in sense image are averaged respectively, using the reflectivity as two feux rouges, near-infrared wave bands, are entered And pure rock, vegetation, soil pixel are obtained respectively in feux rouges, the reflectivity of near infrared band.
- 3. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the exposed rate of rock, it is characterised in that the method for calculating the exposed rate of rock Also include step：(3) using unmanned plane shooting earth surface image；(4) unsupervised classification is carried out to the earth surface image of shooting, the exposed rate of rock is extracted by binaryzation, it is true as ground Value；(5) the exposed rate of rock that the ground truth of step (4) and step (2) are calculated is established into regression model, for step Suddenly the exposed rate of rock that (2) are calculated carries out system amendment and precision test, and revised model is applied into whole satellite Image, and then obtain application layer exposed bedrock rate result.
- 4. the method according to claim 3 for calculating the exposed rate of rock, it is characterised in that in the step (5), to step (2) the step of exposed rate of the rock that is calculated carries out accuracy evaluation and system amendment be：The sample prescription that unmanned plane is shot is randomly divided into two parts by (5-1) according to ground truth size, is counted respectively according to step (4) The exposed rate of rock corresponding to sample prescription, the exposed rate of rock of wherein half sample prescription are used for the system amendment of model, perform step (5- 2), the exposed rate of the rock of second half sample prescription performs step (5-3) as precision test data；(5-2) system amendment step is：Utilize the exposed rate of rock of the system amendment for model of step (5-1) acquisition and its The satellite remote sensing exposed bedrock rate that corresponding step (2) calculates, establishes linear regression model (LRM)：Y=mx+n, wherein, y represents satellite Remote sensing exposed bedrock rate, i.e. calculated value, x represent the exposed rate of rock of the system amendment for model, i.e., ground truth, m are line Sexual intercourse slope, n are linear relationship intercept, and m, n parameter value is calculated；Then correction formula is：Y '=(y-n)/m, wherein, y ' represents the remote sensing exposed bedrock rate after correction；(5-3) precision test step：The exposed bedrock rate that step (2) calculates is brought into the correction formula of step (5-2) acquisition, Calculate the remote sensing exposed bedrock rate after correction；Using the remote sensing exposed bedrock rate after correction and the exposed rate of its corresponding rock as precision test data in step (5-1) It is compared, calculates the error of the two, whether error in judgement exceedes default threshold value, is to re-execute step (5), otherwise complete Into amendment.
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| CN108550154A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-18 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | A kind of method of accurately measuring karst earth's surface bare rock accounting |
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| CN113269030A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-08-17 | 中南林业科技大学 | Remote sensing monitoring method for rock desertification evolution |
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| CN108305322B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-08-26 | 中冶交通建设集团有限公司 | Karst area geological defect detection method based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
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| CN110472357A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-19 | 华北理工大学 | Assess construction method and the application of the remote sensing comprehensive ecological model RSIEI of the different effect of Mining Development compact district earth's surface thermal environment point |
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