CN107477864A - 一种cigs薄膜太阳能电池空气加热器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种CIGS薄膜太阳能电池空气加热器，圆筒式金属壳筒顶端一角处制有斜式冷气体进口，金属壳筒底端一角处制有伸出式或采用金属软管结构的加热气体连接管；金属壳筒内侧排列式分布置有保温砖，保温砖内侧壁内形成的空腔中竖向制有加热元件，加热元件两端外侧分别与电源接线相连，加热元件外型为螺旋状内空式结构；加热元件周围的空隙中填充式结构置有陶瓷纤维保温层；所述金属壳筒外侧还包裹有一层CIGS薄膜太阳能电池。其结构新颖，原理可靠，使用操作安全，节省电学能源，施工环境好，加热效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种空气加热器，具体涉及一种CIGS薄膜太阳能电池空气加热器。
背景技术
目前，空气加热器是冷喷涂设备的一个重要部件，决定着设备的性能和加工能力。通常对于加热器能达到300摄氏度的冷喷涂设备，能加工的材料主要限于铝和铅等；达到500 摄氏度时，可加工铜、钛、不锈钢等材料；达到800摄氏度时则能加工MCrAls、Co-WC等高硬度材料。然而高温意味着对设备的使用寿命和防护措施有更高的要求，从而导致加热器体积庞大或者安装操作不便。CGT公司生产的电加热器，不论是将气体温度加热到500 摄氏度或800摄氏度以上，其加热器体积都很庞大(约1m×1m×1m)。便携式的加热器，其喷枪重量也在20kg以上，无法手持，且喷枪的外表面温度至少在100摄氏度以上，对防护要求较高，同时由于保温部分的体积较大，热量的损失比较严重，因此对热量的利用效率较低，而且对于空气加热器来说，因为要加热到高温，因此居高不下的耗能问题，也是制约其发展的另一个问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，通过改进结构，使加热器具有快速加热特点的同时，力求缩小加热器体积，可以手工操作；另外将太阳能用于为其提供清洁的电能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明的主体结构包括保温砖、金属壳筒、陶瓷纤维保温层、加热元件、冷气体进口、加热气体连接管、加热电源接线和热气体出口，圆筒式内腔结构的金属壳筒顶端设置有冷气体进口，金属壳筒底端安装加热气体连接管；金属壳筒内壁内侧等厚平行结构置有排列式分布的保温砖，保温砖内侧壁内形成的空腔中竖向制有内空管道式螺旋加热元件，加热元件两端外侧分别与加热电源接线相连，内空管道式加热元件外型结构为螺旋状内空式结构，被加热后的气体经金属软管式的加热气体连接管对接加热元件的内空并被二次加热后从顶端电源连接线处的热气体出口对接进入喷枪的前气室；加热元件周围的空隙中填充式结构置有陶瓷纤维保温层；在金属壳筒的内外壁之间的空腔中充有通过冷气体进口进入的被加热气体，热气体出口设置在加热器元件的内空管道的顶端出口处。
本发明采用电加热器金属管式螺旋结构，气体通过和金属管发生强烈湍流换热被加热；金属壳筒由耐压金属板焊接组成，载气经冷气体进口进入金属壳筒并汇集后再经由一段金属软管的加热气体连接管接出，再从底部进入螺旋式管道状加热元件，最后从热气体出口进入喷枪的前气室，这种结构设计使气流通过外部可以部分的重新利用加热器元件散发出来的热量，使热量利用率最大，同时外部的高速气流又能保证其温度不至于升高过多，无需特殊的外部高温防护措施；加热元件的螺旋式管道和金属壳筒之间通过保温砖和陶瓷纤维保温层绝缘和隔热；金属壳筒内衬保温砖采用板式结构排列贴成，加热元件置于内腔中，其余空间用陶瓷纤维保温层填充，螺旋管道式加热元件上相隔均匀距离的位置上可以焊接多对热电偶，用于监控管壁的温度，防止金属壳筒过热发生裂管事故。
本发明螺旋管道式加热元件为不锈钢金属管结构，选用蒙奈尔合金、康铜或锰铜；在加热元件周边放置的保温材料包括保温砖或陶瓷纤维保温层，衬于内壁，或采用石棉或锆棉保温陶瓷纤维作为填充材料并用于稳固加热元件。
所述金属壳筒外包裹有一层铜铟镓硒(CIGS)柔性薄膜太阳能电池，包括基板，所述基板上依次有背电极层、光吸收层、过渡层、本征氧化锌层及透明导电膜层，其特征在于，所述背电极层为金属Mo层或者金属Mo与金属Cu的合金层，所述光吸收层具有梯度能带分布结构，所述过渡层为ZnS薄膜，所述透明导电膜层为氧化锌掺铝ZAO薄膜。
光吸收层中形成能带的梯度分布，提高光吸收层对光子的吸收能力，提高太阳能电池的光电装换效率。
各膜层厚度范围分别为：背电极层200～1500nm，光吸收层1000～3000nm，过渡层30～ 500nm，本征氧化锌层30～500nm，透明导电膜层200～1000nm。本发明可在提及的各膜层厚度范围内进行调整，使太阳能电池兼具高效性和经济性。
本发明与现有技术相比，其结构新颖，原理可靠，使用操作安全，节省电学能源，施工环境好，加热效率高，利用柔性薄膜太阳能技术优化能源的使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的剖面结构原理示意图。
图2为本发明的铜铟镓硒(CIGS)柔性薄膜太阳能电池结构原理示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本实施例的主体结构包括保温砖1、金属壳筒2、陶瓷纤维保温层3、加热元件4、冷气体进口5、加热气体连接管6、加热电源接线7和热气体出口8，圆筒式金属壳筒2顶端一角处制有斜式冷气体进口5，金属壳筒2底端一角处制有伸出式或采用金属软管结构的加热气体连接管6；金属壳筒2内壁内侧等厚平行结构置有排列式分布的保温砖1，保温砖1内侧壁内形成的空腔中竖向制有内空管道式螺旋加热元件4，加热元件4两端外侧分别与电源接线7相连，内空管道式加热元件4外型结构为螺旋状内空式结构，被加热后的气体经金属软管式的加热气体连接管6进入加热元件4的内空中被螺旋管壁二次加热后从顶端的电源连接线7处的热气体出口8对接进入喷枪的前气室；管道式加热元件4周围的空隙中填充式结构置有陶瓷纤维保温层3；金属壳筒2为内腔式结构，在金属壳筒2的内外壁之间的空腔中充有通过冷气体进口5进入的被加热气体，热气体出口8为加热器元件4的内空管道的出口。
所述金属壳筒外包裹有一层铜铟镓硒(CIGS)柔性薄膜太阳能电池，包括基板9，基板9上依次有背电极层10、光吸收层11、过渡层12、本征氧化锌层13及透明导电膜层 14，背电极层10为金属Mo层或者金属Mo与金属Cu的合金层，光吸收层11具有梯度能带分布结构，过渡层12为ZnS薄膜，透明导电膜层14为氧化锌掺铝ZAO薄膜。各膜层厚度范围分别为：背电极层200～1500nm，光吸收层1000～3000nm，过渡层30～500nm，本征氧化锌层30～500nm，透明导电膜层200～1000nm。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种CIGS薄膜太阳能电池空气加热器，主体结构包括保温砖、金属壳筒、陶瓷纤维保温层、加热元件、冷气体进口、加热气体连接管、加热电源接线和热气体出口，其特征在于，圆筒式的金属壳筒顶设置有冷气体进口，金属壳筒底端安装有加热气体连接管；金属壳筒内壁内侧分布有保温砖，保温砖内侧壁内形成的空腔中竖向制有内空管道式螺旋加热元件，加热元件两端外侧分别与加热电源接线相连，内空管道式加热元件外型为螺旋状结构，被加热后的气体经金属软管式加热气体连接管对接加热元件的内空并被二次加热后从顶端的电源连接线处的热气体出口对接进入喷枪的前气室；加热元件周围空隙中填充式结构置有陶瓷纤维保温层；在金属壳筒的内外壁之间的空腔中充有通过冷气体进口进入的被加热气体，热气体出口设置在加热器元件的内空管道的顶端出口处，所述金属壳筒外侧还包裹有一层CIGS薄膜太阳能电池。
2.一种CIGS薄膜太阳能电池空气加热器，其特征在于，所述CIGS薄膜太阳能电池包括基板，所述基板上依次有背电极层、光吸收层、过渡层、本征氧化锌层及透明导电膜层，所述背电极层为金属Mo层或者金属Mo与金属Cu的合金层，所述光吸收层具有梯度能带分布结构，所述过渡层为ZnS薄膜，所述透明导电膜层为氧化锌掺铝ZAO薄膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种CIGS薄膜太阳能电池空气加热器，其特征在于，各膜层厚度范围分别为：背电极层200～1500nm，光吸收层1000～3000nm，过渡层30～500nm，本征氧化锌层30～500nm，透明导电膜层200～1000nm。
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