CN107475640B - A kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of austenitic heat-resistance steel, belong to austenitic heat-resistance steel technical field.This method includes the processing steps such as dispensing, oxygen decarburization, reduction, tapping, ladle refining, casting, cogging and hot rolling successively.Steel grade SP22/15 of the present invention has similar nickel content and chrome content compared to 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel, but with better creep rupture strength and high temperature resistance steam corrosion, so that steel grade of the present invention has better market prospects compared to 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel.The present invention can substitute 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel comprehensively, and also adapt to some immalleable harsh conditions of 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel, for example be worked normally under the temperature high-pressure steam environment of 650 DEG C of 35MPa, and keep good impact flexibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel more particularly to a kind of anti-steam corrosions of high-lasting strength
Austenitic heat-resistance steel preparation method.
Background technology
In order to improve coal-fired transformation efficiency, high heat-proof system Construction just becomes important breach, especially embodies
In the research of 600 DEG C of ultra-supercritical boiler high-temperature materials.China is in December, the 2006 coal-fired hair of 600 DEG C of ultra supercriticals of First
Motor group puts into operation, and indices have reached international advanced standard.Hereafter China greatly develops 600 DEG C of ultra supercritical machines
Group, more than 100 unit operations, have comparative advantage in world's ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generating units total amount so far.
Currently, higher design parameter 31MPa, 600 DEG C/620 DEG C/620 DEG C of high-pressure boiler have come out.China Power cares for
Ask that group company prepares exploitation 35MPa grades（32-38MPa）, 650 DEG C of grades（630-670℃）New and effective ultra supercritical
Unit.Coal-fired transformation efficiency when this is by raising thermal power generation to a greater degree.And the Ovshinsky of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength
Body heat resisting steel just becomes the heat proof material for needing key breakthrough.
And now widely used three kinds of heat-resistance stainless steels are TP347H, Super304H and HR3C respectively.TP347H is
18Cr-9Ni-Nb, Super304H 18Cr-9Ni-3Cu-0.5Nb-N, HR3C 25Cr-20Ni-Nb-N.Tire out at 650 DEG C
Product experiment 105Hour, the creep rupture strength of TP347H, Super304H and HR3C are respectively 89.6Mpa, 104MPa and 98.1MPa.
Creep rupture strengths of the Super304H at 650 DEG C is best, but is not optimal in high oxidation and corrosion resistance；HR3C is 650
Although the creep rupture strength only 98.1MPa at DEG C, its high oxidation and corrosion resistance are best in this three.Namely mesh
A kind of preceding not austenitic heat-resistance steel not only has excellent creep rupture strength, but also with excellent corrosion resistance, and
After long term high temperature timeliness is carried out, impact flexibility is remarkably decreased existing austenitic heat-resistance steel.
Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese invention patent of CN 103643171B, discloses a kind of 22/15 chromium ni-type of complex intensifying
High-strength austenitic heat-resistance steel against corrosion.Its chemical composition is：Cr 20~25wt%, Ni 12~18wt%, Cu 2~5wt%, N
0.2 ~ 0.8wt%, C 0.02 ~ 0.10wt%, Nb 0.2 ~ 1.0wt%, Si ＜ 1wt%, Mn ＜ 2wt%, S ＜ 0.03wt%, P
＜ 0.03 wt%, 0.001 ~ 0.008wt% of B, surplus Fe.The steel grade still has good impact after long term high temperature timeliness
Toughness can serve as the pipeline material of 600 DEG C of grade ultra-supercritical boiler superheater/reheaters；But in 35MPa grades（32-
38MPa）, 650 DEG C of grades（630-670℃）Or it can not be applicable on the efficient extra-supercritical unit of greater degree.
The content of the invention
The invention solves above-mentioned technical problem, so as to provide a kind of austenite heat-resistance of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength
The preparation method of steel.The austenitic heat-resistance steel as made from the method for the present invention not only has excellent creep rupture strength and excellent
High oxidation and corrosion resistance, while impact flexibility is also well kept after Long-term Aging.
Technical proposal that the invention solves the above-mentioned problems is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength, comprises the following steps：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are packed into electricity
Molten steel is melt into arc stove, the slag former for adding in 25 ~ 30kg/t carries out electric arc furnaces just refining, and the gold oxide in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent
Belong to, adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；Liquid steel temperature reach 1615 DEG C ~
At 1645 DEG C, molten steel is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD/VOD refining furnaces to carry out
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add 20 ~ 25kg/t
Slag former carry out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；
（3）Reduction：7 ~ 10kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide in slag has reduced
Quan Hou removes whole prereduction slags, adds slag former again, adds in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.3 ~ 1.7Kg/T, carry out deep deoxidation with
Desulfurization adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, adds Ni alloys or Cr alloys etc. if necessary
Carry out the content final adjustment of Ni, Cr, be blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature 1580 ~
1620 DEG C, tapping enters LF ladles；
（5）Ladle refining：Utilize electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring, using more
Dissipate the non-metallic inclusion in the Argon Bubble exclusion molten steel of type；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：After surface treatment steel ingot pass through forging equipment or blooming mill and carry out cogging；After cogging
Square billet reheated, carry out the hot-roll forming of bar；
The chemical composition of the austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
Cr 21~24.5wt%, Ni 10~16.5wt%, Cu 2.5~4.0wt%, N 0.18~0.45wt%, C 0.04~
0.12wt%, Nb 0.2 ~ 1.0wt%, Mo 0.15 ~ 0.6wt%, V 0.10 ~ 0.45wt%, B 0.001 ~ 0.008wt%, Si ＜
0.8wt%, Mn ＜ 1.5wt%, S ＜ 0.015wt%, P ＜ 0.035wt%, Bi ＜ 0.025wt%, As ＜ 0.025wt%, Pb
＜ 0.025wt%, Sn ＜ 0.025 wt%, Sb ＜ 0.025 wt%, surplus Fe.
Preferably, a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength, special
Sign is：Step（2）In, control CaO/SiO in slag charge when adding slag former slag making2Mass fraction ratio be greater than or equal to 1.7.
Preferably, step（2）In, oxygen decarburization includes three phases, and the O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio of first stage are 3:
1, carbon content is down to less than 0.5%；Second stage, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1, then it is down to 1:1, carbon content is down to
0.2%~0.3%；Phase III, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%.
Preferably, during first stage in the oxygen decarburization process, add in ferroalloy, returned with steel grade in material extremely
It is few a kind of as cooling agent, ensure bath temperature between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C；During second stage in the decarbonization process,
It adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensure that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C；In the decarbonization process
During three stages, add institute's steelmaking kind and return to material as cooling agent, ensure that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1720 DEG C.
Preferably, oxygen blast flow control is in 0.4~0.7 m in the oxygen decarburization process3/（m·t）, oxygen blast pressure
Control is in 0.9~1MPa.
Preferably, the slag former in the dispensing and oxygen decarburization step is lime, addition is 25~35kg/t；Institute
The slag former in pre-reduction procedure is stated as lime and fluorite, wherein 10~16kg/t of lime, 5~18kg/t of fluorite；The tapping
Slag former in step is lime and fluorite, wherein 20~28kg/t of lime, 5~15kg/t of fluorite.
Preferably, the liquid steel temperature of the tapping step remains at less than 1720 DEG C.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, the present invention uses the technological process of electric arc furnaces-AOD/VOD-LF, specifically, in decarbonization process, takes into full account
The equilibrium relation of chromium-carbon-temperature in stainless steel smelting, it is accurate to control oxygen blast parameter, rational O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen are equipped with than control
System ensures that being rapidly heated for duration maintains with high temperature, makes carbon preferential oxidation, improve oxygen supply intensity, oxygen blow duration is apparent
Shorten, reduce the scaling loss of chromium, reduce endpoint carbon content；Precise control of temperature simultaneously makes furnace temperature be consistently lower than 1720 DEG C, reduces chromium
Oxidation.
2nd, in prereduction stage, deoxidation is carried out using Antaciron as deoxidier and alloying constituent, because being closed in decarbonization process
The technological parameter of reason sets and implements, and scaling loss and the scorification of chromium are substantially reduced, and Antaciron carries out the dosage of alloying element reduction
It is significantly reduced, during which to carry out slag charge supplement, Si reduction alloying element and slag charge supplement are all exothermic reactions, reduce ferrosilicon and close
The dosage of gold can reduce heat, be reduced to that furnace temperature is avoided to overheat and the dosage of the cooling agent of addition, this can not only prevent furnace lining
It is subject to Eroded, it is often more important that the effect of reducing agent can be given full play to, make rich chromium slag reduction that there is more preferably thermodynamics item
Part.
3rd, this technology can meet the smelting of AOD-L stoves simultaneously, during heating by O2 blowing, mutually be tied using side oxygen blast and top oxygen blast
The mode of conjunction, and as oxygen blown different phase adjusts top oxygen gun and the distance of metal bath surface in due course, make AOD furnace heating more
Soon, the oxidization time of chromium is reduced, and keeps the good mobility of clinker；1650 DEG C or more are kept the temperature at, is kept higher
Furnace temperature is conducive to improve decarburization efficiency, reduces the dosage of reducing agent；It is aided with CaO/SiO in slag charge2Mass fraction than control, profit
It is beneficial to desulfurization with high basicity slag, decreases the dosage of metallic aluminium used in sequential reduction process；Also SiO under high temperature is reduced2It is acid
Progress of the slag to the reduction reaction of MgO in furnace lining firebrick reduces the loss of AOD furnace lining, improves AOD furnace furnace life.
4th, the present invention uses a variety of nanometers of phases（MX phases, NbCrN phases, richness Cu phases）The common scheme that complex intensifying is precipitated, makes
Steel grade Sp22/15 of the present invention is obtained with the high-lasting strength and corrosion resistance under high temperature；Present invention employs niobium, molybdenum, three kinds of vanadium
Microalloy treatment to refine the tissue of steel and crystal grain, prevents crystal grain during austenite heating from growing up, further improves austenite
The creep rupture strength of heat resisting steel at high temperature；Corresponding stable compound is formed therewith simultaneously, can make passivating film more compact and firm, into
One step improves the corrosion resistance of steel grade Sp22/15 of the present invention.
5th, the present invention be brand-new design it is a kind of at high temperature with high-lasting strength and with good resistance to steam
The austenite heat-resistance stainless steel of corrosive nature, since the steel grade chromium content of the present invention is in 22wt% or so, nickel content is left in 15wt%
The right side, while in order to be distinguished with existing steel grade TP347H, Super304H, HR3C, 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel, spy is named as
SP22/15.After testing, in the steel grade of the prior art, 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel is with steel grade SP22/15 of the present invention comprehensive
It is closest on energy, therefore compared with 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel.Steel grade SP22/15 of the present invention compares 22/15 austenite heat-resistance
Steel has similar nickel content and chrome content, but with better creep rupture strength and high temperature resistance steam corrosion, so that
Obtain steel grade of the present invention has better market prospects compared to 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel.It is difficult to understand that the present invention can substitute 22/15 comprehensively
Family name's body heat resisting steel, and some immalleable harsh conditions of 22/15 austenitic heat-resistance steel are also adapted to, such as at 650 DEG C
It is worked normally under the temperature high-pressure steam environment of 35MPa, and keeps good impact flexibility.
Specific embodiment
Present embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention.People in the art
As long as any change that member is made after the specification of the present invention has been read in the range of claims, will all be subject to specially
The protection of sharp method.
Embodiment one
In the embodiment, the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
Cr 21wt%, Ni 10wt%, Cu 2.5wt%, N 0.18wt%, C 0.04wt%, Nb 0.20wt%,
V0.10wt%, Mo 0.15wt%, Si 0.6wt%, Mn 0.8wt%, S ＜ 0.01wt%, P ＜ 0.025 wt%, B
0.003wt%, Bi ＜ 0.015wt%, As ＜ 0.015wt%, Pb ＜ 0.015wt%, Sn ＜ 0.015wt%, Sb ＜ 0.015
Wt%, surplus Fe；And five element summation ＜ 0.05wt% of Bi, As, Pb, Sn, Sb.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are sent into electricity
Arc stove is melt into molten steel, and the slag former lime for adding in 25kg/t carries out electric furnace just refining, and the oxidized metal in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent,
Adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；When liquid steel temperature reaches 1615 DEG C, steel
Water is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD refining furnaces and carries out essence
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add making for 20kg/t
Slag agent lime carries out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；Oxygen decarburization bag
Three phases are included, the first stage adds in ferroalloy, at least one of material is returned with steel grade as cooling agent, ensures bath temperature
Between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are 3:1, carbon content is down to less than 0.5%；Second stage is added and refined
Steel grade returns to material as cooling agent, ensures that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1,
1 is down to again:1, carbon content is down to 0.2%；Phase III adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensures the molten bath highest temperature
Degree is no more than 1720 DEG C, and O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%；Oxygen blast stream
Amount control is in 0.4 m3/（m·t）, the control of oxygen blast pressure is in 0.9MPa；
（3）Reduction：7kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide reduction in slag is complete
Afterwards, whole prereduction slags are removed, add slag former again, add in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.3Kg/T, carry out deep deoxidation and desulfurization,
It adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；In the step, slag former is lime and fluorite, wherein lime
10kg/t, fluorite 5kg/t；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, adds Ni alloys or Cr alloys etc. if necessary
Carry out the content final adjustment of Ni, Cr, be blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature 1580 ~
1620 DEG C, tapping enters LF ladles；
Liquid steel temperature in the step remains at less than 1720 DEG C；Slag former in the step is lime and fluorite,
Wherein lime 20kg/t, fluorite 5kg/t；
（5）Ladle refining：Utilize electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring, using more
Dissipate the non-metallic inclusion in the Argon Bubble exclusion molten steel of type；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：After surface treatment steel ingot pass through forging equipment or blooming mill and carry out cogging；After cogging
Square billet reheated, carry out the hot-roll forming of bar.
Embodiment two
In the embodiment, the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
Cr 23wt%, Ni 15.5wt%, Cu 3.6wt%, N 0.25wt%, C 0.07wt%, Nb 0.50wt%,
V0.12wt%, Mo 0.15wt%, Si 0.3wt%, Mn 0.6wt%, S ＜ 0.005wt%, P ＜ 0.025 wt%, B
0.002wt%, Bi ＜ 0.015wt%, As ＜ 0.015wt%, Pb ＜ 0.015wt%, Sn ＜ 0.015wt%, Sb ＜ 0.015
Wt%, surplus Fe.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are sent into electricity
Arc stove is melt into molten steel, and the slag former lime for adding in 27kg/t carries out electric furnace just refining, and the oxidized metal in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent,
Adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；When liquid steel temperature reaches 1625 DEG C, steel
Water is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD refining furnaces and carries out essence
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add making for 22kg/t
Slag agent lime carries out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；Oxygen decarburization bag
Three phases are included, the first stage adds in ferroalloy, at least one of material is returned with steel grade as cooling agent, ensures bath temperature
Between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are 3:1, carbon content is down to less than 0.5%；Second stage is added and refined
Steel grade returns to material as cooling agent, ensures that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1,
1 is down to again:1, carbon content is down to 0.2%；Phase III adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensures the molten bath highest temperature
Degree is no more than 1720 DEG C, and O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%；Oxygen blast stream
Amount control is in 0.5 m3/（m·t）, the control of oxygen blast pressure is in 0.9MPa；
（3）Reduction：7kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide reduction in slag is complete
Afterwards, whole prereduction slags are removed, add slag former again, add in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.4Kg/T, carry out deep deoxidation and desulfurization,
It adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；In the step, slag former is lime and fluorite, wherein lime
12kg/t, fluorite 8kg/t；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, adds Ni alloys or Cr alloys etc. if necessary
Carry out the content final adjustment of Ni, Cr, be blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature 1580 ~
1620 DEG C, tapping enters LF ladles；
Liquid steel temperature in the step remains at less than 1720 DEG C；Slag former in the step is lime and fluorite,
Wherein lime 23kg/t, fluorite 7kg/t；
（5）Ladle refining：Utilize electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring, using more
Dissipate the non-metallic inclusion in the Argon Bubble exclusion molten steel of type；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：After surface treatment steel ingot pass through forging equipment or blooming mill and carry out cogging；After cogging
Square billet reheated, carry out the hot-roll forming of bar.
Embodiment three
Cr 22.5wt%, Ni 15wt%, Cu 3.5wt%, N 0.25wt%, C 0.07wt%, Nb 0.45wt%,
V0.20wt%, Mo 0.35wt%, Si 0.3wt%, Mn 0.7wt%, S ＜ 0.005wt%, P ＜ 0.025wt%, B
0.003wt%, Bi ＜ 0.015wt%, As ＜ 0.015wt%, Pb ＜ 0.015wt%, Sn ＜ 0.015wt%, Sb ＜ 0.015
Wt%, surplus Fe.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are sent into electricity
Arc stove is melt into molten steel, and the slag former lime for adding in 28kg/t carries out electric furnace just refining, and the oxidized metal in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent,
Adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；When liquid steel temperature reaches 1630 DEG C, steel
Water is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD refining furnaces and carries out essence
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add making for 23kg/t
Slag agent lime carries out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；Oxygen decarburization bag
Three phases are included, the first stage adds in ferroalloy, at least one of material is returned with steel grade as cooling agent, ensures bath temperature
Between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are 3:1, carbon content is down to less than 0.5%；Second stage is added and refined
Steel grade returns to material as cooling agent, ensures that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1,
1 is down to again:1, carbon content is down to 0.3%；Phase III adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensures the molten bath highest temperature
Degree is no more than 1720 DEG C, and O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%；Oxygen blast stream
Amount control is in 0.6 m3/（m·t）, the control of oxygen blast pressure is in 1.0MPa；
（3）Reduction：8kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide reduction in slag is complete
Afterwards, whole prereduction slags are removed, add slag former again, add in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.5Kg/T, carry out deep deoxidation and desulfurization,
It adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；In the step, slag former is lime and fluorite, wherein lime
13kg/t, fluorite 12kg/t；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, adds Ni alloys or Cr alloys etc. if necessary
Carry out the content final adjustment of Ni, Cr, be blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature 1580 ~
1620 DEG C, tapping enters LF ladles；
Liquid steel temperature in the step remains at less than 1720 DEG C；Slag former in the step is lime and fluorite,
Wherein lime 25kg/t, fluorite 9kg/t；
（5）Ladle refining：Utilize electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring, using more
Dissipate the non-metallic inclusion in the Argon Bubble exclusion molten steel of type；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：After surface treatment steel ingot pass through forging equipment or blooming mill and carry out cogging；After cogging
Square billet reheated, carry out the hot-roll forming of bar.
Example IV
Cr 24wt%, Ni 16wt%, Cu 3.7wt%, N 0.40wt%, C 0.10wt%, Nb 0.8wt%,
V0.35wt%, Mo 0.5wt%, Si 0.6wt%, Mn1.0wt%, S ＜ 0.010wt%, P ＜ 0.030wt%, B
0.006wt%, Bi ＜ 0.020wt%, As ＜ 0.020wt%, Pb ＜ 0.020wt%, Sn ＜ 0.020wt%, Sb ＜
0.020wt%, surplus Fe.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are sent into electricity
Arc stove is melt into molten steel, and the slag former lime for adding in 29kg/t carries out electric furnace just refining, and the oxidized metal in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent,
Adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；When liquid steel temperature reaches 1640 DEG C, steel
Water is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD refining furnaces and carries out essence
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add making for 24kg/t
Slag agent lime carries out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；Oxygen decarburization bag
Three phases are included, the first stage adds in ferroalloy, at least one of material is returned with steel grade as cooling agent, ensures bath temperature
Between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are 3:1, carbon content is down to less than 0.5%；Second stage is added and refined
Steel grade returns to material as cooling agent, ensures that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1,
1 is down to again:1, carbon content is down to 0.3%；Phase III adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensures the molten bath highest temperature
Degree is no more than 1720 DEG C, and O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%；Oxygen blast stream
Amount control is in 0.7 m3/（m·t）, the control of oxygen blast pressure is in 1.0MPa；
（3）Reduction：9kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide reduction in slag is complete
Afterwards, whole prereduction slags are removed, add slag former again, add in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.6Kg/T, carry out deep deoxidation and desulfurization,
It adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；In the step, slag former is lime and fluorite, wherein lime
15kg/t, fluorite 16kg/t；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, adds Ni alloys or Cr alloys etc. if necessary
Carry out the content final adjustment of Ni, Cr, be blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature 1580 ~
1620 DEG C, tapping enters LF ladles；
Liquid steel temperature in the step remains at less than 1720 DEG C；Slag former in the step is lime and fluorite,
Wherein lime 27kg/t, fluorite 12kg/t；
（5）Ladle refining：Utilize electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring, using more
Dissipate the non-metallic inclusion in the Argon Bubble exclusion molten steel of type；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：After surface treatment steel ingot pass through forging equipment or blooming mill and carry out cogging；After cogging
Square billet reheated, carry out the hot-roll forming of bar.
Embodiment five
Cr 24.5wt%, Ni 16.5wt%, Cu 4wt%, N 0.45wt%, C 0.12wt%, Nb1.0wt%,
V0.45wt%, Mo 0.6wt%, Si 0.7wt%, Mn1.3wt%, S ＜ 0.015wt%, P ＜ 0.035 wt%, B
0.008wt%, Bi ＜ 0.025wt%, As ＜ 0.025wt%, Pb ＜ 0.025wt%, Sn ＜ 0.025wt%, Sb ＜ 0.025
Wt%, surplus Fe.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are sent into electricity
Arc stove is melt into molten steel, and the slag former lime for adding in 30kg/t carries out electric furnace just refining, and the oxidized metal in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent,
Adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；When liquid steel temperature reaches 1645 DEG C, steel
Water is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD refining furnaces and carries out essence
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add making for 25kg/t
Slag agent lime carries out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；Oxygen decarburization bag
Three phases are included, the first stage adds in ferroalloy, at least one of material is returned with steel grade as cooling agent, ensures bath temperature
Between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are 3:1, carbon content is down to less than 0.5%；Second stage is added and refined
Steel grade returns to material as cooling agent, ensures that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1,
1 is down to again:1, carbon content is down to 0.3%；Phase III adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensures the molten bath highest temperature
Degree is no more than 1720 DEG C, and O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%；Oxygen blast stream
Amount control is in 0.7 m3/（m·t）, the control of oxygen blast pressure is in 1.0MPa；
（3）Reduction：10kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide reduction in slag is complete
Afterwards, whole prereduction slags are removed, add slag former again, add in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.7Kg/T, carry out deep deoxidation and desulfurization,
It adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；In the step, slag former is lime and fluorite, wherein lime
16kg/t, fluorite 18kg/t；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, adds Ni alloys or Cr alloys etc. if necessary
Carry out the content final adjustment of Ni, Cr, be blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature 1580 ~
1620 DEG C, tapping enters LF ladles；
Liquid steel temperature in the step remains at less than 1720 DEG C；Slag former in the step is lime and fluorite,
Wherein lime 28kg/t, fluorite 15kg/t；
（5）Ladle refining：Utilize electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring, using more
Dissipate the non-metallic inclusion in the Argon Bubble exclusion molten steel of type；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：After surface treatment steel ingot pass through forging equipment or blooming mill and carry out cogging；After cogging
Square billet reheated, carry out the hot-roll forming of bar.
Comparative example one
The example is HR3C steel grades, and specific ingredient is as follows：
Cr 25wt%, Ni 20wt%, N 0.20wt%, C 0.06wt%, Nb 0.45wt%, Si0.4wt%,
Mn1.2wt%, S ＜ 0.01wt%, P ＜ 0.03wt%, further include some inevitable impurity；Surplus is Fe.
The austenitic heat-resistance steel of the comparative example is especially being tapped using the smelting process manufacture of conventional chromium nickel stainless steel
Direct pouring is into steel billet afterwards.
Comparative example two
The example is Super304H steel grades, and specific ingredient is as follows：
It is inevitably miscellaneous to further include some by Cr 18wt%, Ni 9wt%, Cu3 wt%, Nb 0.5wt%, N 1.0wt%
Matter；Surplus is Fe.
The austenitic heat-resistance steel of the comparative example is especially being tapped using the smelting process manufacture of conventional chromium nickel stainless steel
Direct pouring is into steel billet afterwards.
Comparative example three
The example is TP347H steel grades, and specific ingredient is as follows：
Cr 18wt%, Ni 9wt%, Nb1.0wt%, further include some inevitable impurity；Surplus is Fe.
The austenitic heat-resistance steel of the comparative example is especially being tapped using the smelting process manufacture of conventional chromium nickel stainless steel
Direct pouring is into steel billet afterwards.
Comparative example four
The example is 22/15 steel grade, and specific ingredient is as follows：
Cr 22.7wt%, Ni 14.4wt%, Cu3 .33wt%,Nb 0.42wt%,C 0.045wt%, N 0.20wt%,
Mn1.2wt%, Si 0.64wt%, P0.009wt%, S ＜ 0.003wt%, B 0.003wt% further include some inevitably
Impurity；Surplus is Fe.
The austenitic heat-resistance steel of the comparative example is especially being tapped using the smelting process manufacture of conventional chromium nickel stainless steel
Direct pouring is into steel billet afterwards.
Following table is enduring quality data（650℃）
As can be seen from the above table, steel grade SP22/15 of the present invention has very excellent persistence compared with three kinds of commercial steel
Energy data, also there is certain advantage compared to 22/15.
In above-mentioned four kinds of existing steel, the comprehensive performance using 22/15 is optimal.Following table is steel grade SP22/15 and 22/ of the present invention
15 after 650 DEG C/1000h Long-term Agings ballistic work（J）Comparison
As can be seen from the above table, steel grade SP22/15 of the present invention is compared with existing steel 22/15, in 650 DEG C of high temperature, 35MPa
Steam pressure under, steel grade SP22/15 of the present invention remains to keep quite high impact flexibility after long term high temperature timeliness, compares
22/15 steel has certain advantage.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength, comprises the following steps：
（1）Dispensing：Raw material are equipped with according to the chemical composition of austenitic heat-resistance steel and scaling loss amount, raw material are packed into electric arc furnaces
Molten steel is inside melt into, the slag former for adding in 25 ~ 30kg/t carries out electric arc furnaces just refining, and the oxidized metal in molten steel is reduced with reducing agent,
Adjust the lower limit 0.30% that the Cr contents in molten steel are higher than desired value as defined in institute's steelmaking kind；Liquid steel temperature reaches 1615 DEG C ~ 1645
DEG C when, molten steel is come out of the stove；
（2）Oxygen decarburization：The liquid high-carbon molten steel of configured good alloy in electric arc furnaces is blended into AOD/VOD refining furnaces and carries out essence
Refining, liquid steel temperature are maintained at 1580 DEG C or more, and initial carbon content carries out oxygen decarburization more than 1.35%；Add 20 ~ 25kg/t's
Slag former carries out slag making, and temperature is controlled to reach 1720 DEG C, enters next step when carbon is less than 0.07%；
（3）Reduction：7 ~ 10kg/t Antacirons are added in into molten steel and carry out prereduction, when the chromated oxide reduction in slag is complete
Afterwards, whole prereduction slags are removed, add slag former again, add in the strong deoxidier aluminium of 1.3 ~ 1.7kg/t, carry out deep deoxidation with
Desulfurization adds in ferro-niobium and carries out alloying, Nb elements is made to reach desired value；
（4）Tapping：Chemical composition analysis is carried out to the molten steel for having completed deoxidation, Ni alloys is added or Cr alloys carries out Ni, Cr
Content final adjustment, is blown into that nitrogen is argon-mixed to carry out control nitrogen, when nitrogen reaches desired value, temperature at 1580 ~ 1620 DEG C, tap into
Enter LF ladles；
（5）Ladle refining：Using electrode slugging and heating, temperature adjustment to cast temperature, argon bottom-blowing, weak stirring utilizes diffusion-type
Argon Bubble exclude molten steel in non-metallic inclusion；
（6）Casting：Using bet method, the molten steel in LF ladles is cast to form steel ingot, the demoulding after steel ingot is air-cooled；
（7）Cogging and hot rolling：Steel ingot after surface treatment is carried out cogging by forging equipment or blooming mill；After cogging
Square billet is reheated, and carries out the hot-roll forming of bar；
The chemical composition of the austenitic heat-resistance steel is as follows：
Cr 21~24.5wt%, Ni 10~16.5wt%, Cu 2.5~4.0wt%, N 0.18~0.45wt%, C 0.04~
0.12wt%, Nb 0.2 ~ 1.0wt%, Mo 0.15 ~ 0.6wt%, V 0.10 ~ 0.45wt%, B 0.001 ~ 0.008wt%, Si ＜
0.8wt%, Mn ＜ 1.5wt%, S ＜ 0.015wt%, P ＜ 0.035wt%, Bi ＜ 0.025wt%, As ＜ 0.025wt%, Pb
＜ 0.025wt%, Sn ＜ 0.025 wt%, Sb ＜ 0.025 wt%, surplus Fe；
Step（2）In, oxygen decarburization includes three phases, and the O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio of first stage are 3:1, carbon content is down to
Less than 0.5%；Second stage, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are progressively down to 2:1, then it is down to 1:1, carbon content is down to 0.2% ~ 0.3%；The
Three stages, O2 to Ar ratio or oxygen nitrogen ratio are down to 1:3, enter reduction phase when carbon content is down to≤0.08%.
2. a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Step（2）In, add CaO/SiO in slag former control slag charge2Mass fraction ratio be greater than or equal to 1.7.
3. a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：During first stage in the oxygen decarburization process, ferroalloy is added in, return at least one of material work with steel grade
For cooling agent, ensure bath temperature between 1655 DEG C~1665 DEG C；During second stage in the decarbonization process, add and refined
Steel grade returns to material as cooling agent, ensures that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1675 DEG C；During phase III in the decarbonization process,
It adds institute's steelmaking kind and returns to material as cooling agent, ensure that molten bath maximum temperature is no more than 1720 DEG C.
4. a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Oxygen blast flow control is in 0.4~0.7 m in the oxygen decarburization process3/（m·t）, the control of oxygen blast pressure is 0.9
~1MPa.
5. a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Slag former in the dispensing and oxygen decarburization step is lime, and addition is 25~35kg/t；The prereduction
Slag former in step is lime and fluorite, wherein 10~16kg/t of lime, 5~18kg/t of fluorite；In the tapping step
Slag former be lime and fluorite, wherein 20~28kg/t of lime, 5~15kg/t of fluorite.
6. a kind of preparation method of the austenitic heat-resistance steel of the anti-steam corrosion of high-lasting strength according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The liquid steel temperature of the tapping step remains at less than 1720 DEG C.
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