CN107474869A - New type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system - Google Patents
New type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107474869A CN107474869A CN201610407901.1A CN201610407901A CN107474869A CN 107474869 A CN107474869 A CN 107474869A CN 201610407901 A CN201610407901 A CN 201610407901A CN 107474869 A CN107474869 A CN 107474869A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
- B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/04—Thermal processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00479—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels
- B01J2219/00484—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels by shaking, vibrating or oscillating of the reaction vessels
- B01J2219/00486—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels by shaking, vibrating or oscillating of the reaction vessels by sonication or ultrasonication
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system, belong to technical field of petrochemical industry.Described new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system, including heat scission reaction boiler tube, at least one set of ultrasonic unit is installed in the external series of heat scission reaction boiler tube, every group of ultrasonic unit includes 2 ultrasonic transducers set face-to-face；The outside of heat scission reaction boiler tube is provided with supersonic generator, and supersonic generator is connected with ultrasonic transducer, distributor, heat scission reaction boiler tube successively.The present invention solves the problems, such as that the pyrolysis furnace cycle of operation is short present in conventional art, cracking furnace pipe service life is short, high energy consumption, low production efficiency, on the premise of existing apparatus is not changed, the high attached yield of ethylene unit can be improved by increasing easy equipment, and reduce the generation of side reaction, improve the selectivity of cracking reaction and the economic benefit of device, structure design is simplified, is easy to manufacture, installs and checking maintenance operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system, belong to technical field of petrochemical industry.
Background technology
Ethylene unit is the faucet device of large petrochemical plant, and energy consumption is largely consumed in pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis furnace
Operation conditions has the function that very important to the benefit of ethylene unit.
The most of ethylene production in the whole world uses tube furnace steam cracking process, and hydrocarbon raw material enters with steam in high temperature furnace pipe
The small molecule target product such as row heat scission reaction, generation hydrogen, ethene, propylene, butadiene, a large amount of side reactions of simultaneous,
The low value by-product of the macromolecules such as heavy oil, tar and coke is produced, side reaction brings many bad shadows to ethylene production
Ring：Target product yield reduction is not only resulted in, also results in the decline of device disposal ability, energy consumption increase and cycle of operation shortening etc. one
Series adverse effect；Because of the migration that catalytic coking causes tube wall metal ion carburizing creep occurs for another aspect boiler tube,
The original antioxygenic property of boiler tube is damaged, causes mechanical performance to decline, finally needs to change boiler tube, causes production efficiency to decline,
Directly affect the economic benefit of device.Sinopec is by target product at present：Hydrogen, ethene, propylene, butadiene and benzene yield it
With referred to as high attached yield, as the leading indicator for weighing ethylene unit economic and technique level, high attached yield is higher, the target of device
The selectivity of product is higher, and the economic technology of device is better.
In the case where raw material mix is constant, the existing method for improving the high attached yield of ethene mainly has three classes：First, use
New cracking technique and technique；2nd, the coil outlet cracking temperature (COT) of pyrolysis furnace is improved；3rd, the dilute of cracking steam is improved
Release than or water-oil factor.The first method for improving the high attached yield of ethene needs to put into a whole set of pyrolysis furnace of flood tide fund replacing, in short-term
In be difficult to reach, cut that Chemical market price movement is fast, and investment return can not ensure；Second method is advantageous to improve ethene height
Attached yield, but the raising for cracking outlet of still cracking temperature can cause the side reactions such as the coking of pyrolysis furnace to sharply increase, and cause to crack
The cycle of operation of stove significantly shortens, and the lifetime of cracking furnace pipe, influences production efficiency, and increases extra energy consumption, it is possible to
Lose more than gain；The third method is advantageous to improve the high attached yield of ethene, but effect is limited, and increased dilution steam generation is serious
The disposal ability of device is influenceed, influences production efficiency, and plant energy consumption is significantly increased, it is possible to lose more than gain.
Ultrasonic wave is the new technology quickly grown in recent years, utilizes the mechanism, cavitation, fuel factor of ultrasound
And chemical effect, ultra-sonic welded, drilling, the crushing of solid, emulsification, degassing, dedusting scale removal, cleaning, sterilizing, promotionization can be carried out
Learn reaction and carry out biological study etc., each department is applied widely in industry and mining, agricultural, medical treatment etc..
CN91210284.5 discloses a kind of strong ultrasonic decondensing generator, can utilize ultrasonic destruction straight chain macromolecular, become
Small molecule, its deficiency are no embodiments, only 2 data, can not illustrate its validity, and its can not handle naphtha this
The branched macromolecular of class, there is significant limitations.
CN01145130 discloses a kind of reverse jet flow mixing heating cracking equipment and the method for producing ethene, with hydrogen or first
Alkane is fuel, and oxygen makes its completely burned form carrier gas, being adjusted by vapor reduces gas with stoichiometric ratio flowing in combustion chamber
To required temperature, carrier gas stream is accelerated to after supersonic speed by De Laval noz(zle) and flows into cracking section, with reverse supersonic speed carrier gas
Quick mixing heating is flowed, starts to crack, after stopping required time, mixing logistics is water cooled heat exchanger cooling, and cracking is obtained
Product freeze to get off.The cracking technology optimized by this method can improve ethylene yield, suitable for the production process of ethene.But
Following defect be present in it：First, reaction condition is very harsh, it is necessary to which carrier gas stream is accelerated into supersonic speed；2nd, apparatus structure is multiple
It is miscellaneous, it is necessary to new device；3rd, supporting special purpose device is also needed to, adds extra material consumption energy consumption.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system, solve present in conventional art
The problem of pyrolysis furnace cycle of operation is short, cracking furnace pipe service life is short, high energy consumption, low production efficiency, have structure design it is simple,
It is easy to manufacture, installs and checking maintenance, the characteristics of investment is small, good in economic efficiency.
New type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system of the present invention, including heat scission reaction boiler tube, in heat scission reaction
The external series of boiler tube install at least one set of ultrasonic unit, and every group of ultrasonic unit includes 2 ultrasonic waves set face-to-face
Transducer, i.e., wherein-it is individual be arranged on heat scission reaction boiler tube one end, another be arranged on heat scission reaction boiler tube the other end；
The outside of heat scission reaction boiler tube is provided with supersonic generator, supersonic generator successively with ultrasonic transducer, distributor, heat
Cracking reaction boiler tube is connected.
Wherein：
Described ultrasonic transducer and distributor are single combining structure, and ultrasonic wave leads to as caused by ultrasonic transducer
After crossing distributor progress quadratic distribution, caused ultrasonic wave is evenly distributed, its direction and the material flow in heat scission reaction boiler tube
It is in 0 ° and 180 °, i.e., consistent or opposite with Flow of Goods and Materials direction.
The ultrasonic wave sound intensity intensity of described distributor quadratic distribution is in 0.01-0.5W/cm2Scope, preferably 0.05-
0.4W/cm2。
The outside of described supersonic generator is provided with explosion proof control case, and supersonic generator passes through with ultrasonic transducer
Power cable is connected, and supersonic generator is converted to electric energy by ultrasonic transducer the mechanical energy of ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave
Acting frequency is 10kHZ-200kHZ
The outer surface of described distributor is curved-surface structure, and profile is divergence expression structure, enables to caused ultrasonic wave
Distributed areas expand, and Energy distribution is uniform.
The angle of described distributor and heat scission reaction boiler tube is 90 °.
Described ultrasonic transducer is provided with cooler.
Described ultrasonic transducer is attached with distributor by metal material, preferably realizes compression type by flange
Connection, lost to prevent major structure into ultrasonic energy.
For described ultrasonic transducer in cylinder or cone, its end face is plane or curved surface.
Described ultrasonic transducer is magnetostrictive transducer or piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
In the present invention：
Be installed in series at least 1 group of ultrasonic unit on heat scission reaction boiler tube, to meet that the production of different disposal amount will
Ask, realize the application of the ultrasonic wave tubular type thermal of different occasions, ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the outer of heat scission reaction boiler tube
Portion, by the reinforcing reagentia of ultrasonic wave, the progress of main reaction is can speed up, while suppresses the generation of the side reactions such as coking,
The yield and selectivity of target product are improved, and heat transfer and the mass transfer of reaction mass can be strengthened, reaches and improves high accessory substance receipts
The effect of rate.
The ultrasonic transducer set face-to-face can greatly improve the action intensity of ultrasonic wave.
The present invention can by connect it is one or more groups of in a manner of access in feed line, with meet different degrees of reaction will
Ask
For the applicable reliable and stable supersonic generator and ultrasonic transducer of industry, maximum power output can only
Reach 5KW or so, in practical application, can the rated power of long-period stable operation there was only 3KW or so, to extend ul-trasonic irradiation
The occasion of time, multigroup ultrasonic wave can be set and carry out tandem working, to obtain the high attached yield of preferably raising and reduce coking
Effect.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) for the present invention on the premise of existing apparatus is not changed, the height of ethylene unit can be improved by increasing easy equipment
Attached yield, and the generation of side reaction is reduced, the selectivity of cracking reaction and the economic benefit of device are improved, structure is simplified and sets
Meter, it is easy to manufacture, installs and checking maintenance operation；
(2) present invention is easily installed, and internal structure is simple, suitable for the course of reaction of ethene thermal cracking, is also applied for pipe
The technique of formula thermal response, it is especially suitable for the working process of heavy charge；
(3) system architecture is independent, and the various occasions of tubular type thermal response, access way letter can be connected to by fixed mount
It is single, using flexible；
(4) high attached high income when being reacted using present system, and the coking yield in accessory substance is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
In figure：1st, supersonic generator；2nd, ultrasonic transducer；3rd, cooler；4th, distributor；5th, heat scission reaction stove
Pipe.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system includes heat scission reaction boiler tube 5, in heat scission reaction stove
The external series of pipe 5 install two groups of ultrasonic units, and every group of ultrasonic unit includes 2 ultrasonic transducers set face-to-face
2；The outside of heat scission reaction boiler tube 5 is provided with supersonic generator 1, supersonic generator 1 successively with ultrasonic transducer 2, point
Cloth device 4, heat scission reaction boiler tube 5 are connected.
Wherein：
Ultrasonic transducer 2 and distributor 4 are single combining structure, and the ultrasonic wave as caused by ultrasonic transducer 2 passes through
After distributor 4 carries out quadratic distribution, caused ultrasonic wave is evenly distributed, its direction and the material flow in heat scission reaction boiler tube 5
It is in 0 ° and 180 °, i.e., consistent or opposite with Flow of Goods and Materials direction.
The ultrasonic wave sound intensity intensity of the quadratic distribution of distributor 4 is in 0.05-0.4W/cm2Scope.
The outside of supersonic generator 1 is provided with explosion proof control case, and supersonic generator 1 passes through work(with ultrasonic transducer 2
Rate cable is connected, and supersonic generator 1 is converted to electric energy by ultrasonic transducer 2 mechanical energy of ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave
Acting frequency is 10kHZ-200kHZ.
The outer surface of distributor 4 is curved-surface structure, and profile is divergence expression structure, enables to caused ultrasonic wave distributed area
Domain expands, and Energy distribution is uniform.
The angle of distributor 4 and heat scission reaction boiler tube 5 is 90 °.
Ultrasonic transducer 2 is provided with cooler 3.
Ultrasonic transducer 2 is with distributor 4 by realizing that compression type is connected by flange.
For ultrasonic transducer 2 in cylinder, its end face is plane.
Ultrasonic transducer is piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
Embodiment 2
The heavy naphtha of certain oil plant, as Ethylene vapor cracking stock, because its arene content is higher, high attached yield
Less than common naphtha, and a large amount of low value tar and coke being produced, the cycle of operation of cracking reaction stove is also greatly affected,
Cause the running technology index of device not high, deficiency in economic performance.The characteristics of for the oil product raw material, using the device of embodiment 1,
Two groups of ultrasonic units of series connection access i.e. on heat scission reaction boiler tube, to increase the input energy of ultrasonic wave.
In order to be contrasted, heavy naphtha is carried out on common tubular type thermal cracker and present system respectively
Experimental evaluation.Experiment is carried out 8 hours respectively, and cracking condition is：865 DEG C of outlet temperature is cracked, thinner ratio 0.6, experiment process is adopted
Ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasonic wave sound intensity 0.2w/cm2。
Experimental result is as follows：For common tubular type thermal cracker, the high attached yield in the pyrolysis product of heavy naphtha
For 50.88wt%, by-product coke 310g；Under the conditions of same process, during using present system, the pyrolysis product of heavy naphtha
In high attached yield be 58.28wt%, by-product coke 180g.Two ways is contrasted, using height during present system
Attached yield improves 7.4 percentage points, and by-product coke reduces 41.93wt%, and the technical-economic index lifting of system is obvious.Thus
It can be seen that by the processing of ultrasonic wave, the normal process of heavy naphtha can be realized, production problem had both been solved, and had realized again
Obvious economic benefit.
Embodiment 3
It is all identical with other parts in embodiment 2, the difference is that be installed in series four groups of ultrasonic wave distributors and ultrasonic waves
The combination unit of energy device, ultrasonic transducer one ultrasonic wave distributor of corresponding connection.
The tail oil of certain oil plant production, as Ethylene vapor cracking stock, because its oil is heavier, do higher, reach
More than 500 DEG C, not only high attached yield is less than naphtha, and produces a large amount of tar, and the cycle of operation of cracking reaction stove significantly shortens,
Cause the running technology index of device not high, deficiency in economic performance.The characteristics of for the oil product raw material, the same embodiment of device of use
1, except that four groups of ultrasonic units of series connection access on heat scission reaction boiler tube.
In order to be contrasted, tail oil is tested on common tubular type thermal cracker and the present embodiment system respectively
Evaluation.Test progress respectively 8 hours, cracking condition is：820 DEG C of outlet temperature is cracked, thinner ratio 0.75, is used during experiment
Ultrasonic frequency be 200kHz, the ultrasonic wave sound intensity is 0.5w/cm2。
Experimental result is as follows：During using common tubular type thermal cracker, the high attached yield in the pyrolysis product of tail oil is
49.50wt%, by-product coke 380g；It is high attached in the pyrolysis product of tail oil during using this implementation system under the conditions of same process
Yield is 55.90wt%, by-product coke 220g, and high attached yield improves 6.40 percentage points, and by-product coke reduces 45.00wt%,
The technical-economic index lifting of system is obvious.As can be seen here, by the processing of ultrasonic wave, the normal process of heavy can be realized,
Both solved the problems, such as that coking was serious, and realized obvious economic technology lifting again.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system, including heat scission reaction boiler tube, it is characterised in that：In heat scission reaction
The external series of boiler tube install at least one set of ultrasonic unit, and every group of ultrasonic unit includes 2 ultrasonic waves set face-to-face
Transducer；The outside of heat scission reaction boiler tube is provided with supersonic generator, supersonic generator successively with ultrasonic transducer, point
Cloth device, heat scission reaction boiler tube are connected.
2. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ultrasonic transducer and point
Cloth device is single combining structure, after ultrasonic wave carries out quadratic distribution by distributor as caused by ultrasonic transducer, its direction
It it is in 0 ° and 180 ° with the flow direction of material in heat scission reaction boiler tube.
3. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Distributor quadratic distribution
Ultrasonic wave sound intensity intensity is in 0.01-0.5W/cm2Scope.
4. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Outside supersonic generator
Portion is provided with explosion proof control case, and supersonic generator is connected with ultrasonic transducer by power cable, and supersonic generator will
Electric energy is converted to the mechanical energy of ultrasonic wave by ultrasonic transducer, and ul-trasonic irradiation frequency is 10kHZ-200kHZ.
5. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The outer surface of distributor is
Curved-surface structure, profile are divergence expression structure.
6. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Distributor and Pyrolysis
The angle for answering boiler tube is 90 °.
7. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Set on ultrasonic transducer
There is cooler.
8. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ultrasonic transducer is with dividing
Cloth device is attached by metal material.
9. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ultrasonic transducer is in circle
Cylindricality or cone, its end face are plane or curved surface.
10. new type ultrasonic tubular type thermal splitting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ultrasonic transducer is magnetic
Cause striction transducer or piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610407901.1A CN107474869B (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | Novel ultrasonic tubular thermal cracking system |
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| CN201610407901.1A CN107474869B (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | Novel ultrasonic tubular thermal cracking system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116332159A (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-27 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for preparing carbon nano tube by catalytically cracking hydrocarbon under assistance of ultrasound |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2091179U (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1991-12-25 | 姜万春 | Strong ultrasonic decondensing generator |
-
2016
- 2016-06-07 CN CN201610407901.1A patent/CN107474869B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2091179U (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1991-12-25 | 姜万春 | Strong ultrasonic decondensing generator |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116332159A (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-27 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for preparing carbon nano tube by catalytically cracking hydrocarbon under assistance of ultrasound |
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