CN107473712B - 一种磷石膏粘土陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种磷石膏粘土陶粒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107473712B
CN107473712B CN201710876536.3A CN201710876536A CN107473712B CN 107473712 B CN107473712 B CN 107473712B CN 201710876536 A CN201710876536 A CN 201710876536A CN 107473712 B CN107473712 B CN 107473712B
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phosphogypsum
clay
ceramsite
particles
grinding
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CN107473712A (zh
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杨步雷
向前勇
杨永彬
李泽钢
宋维相
项军
罗进峰
焦树友
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Guizhou Kailin Phosphogypsum Integration Utilization Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及磷石膏陶粒技术领域，尤其是一种磷石膏粘土陶粒及其制备方法，经过将磷石膏、粘土、铝矾土进行合理配比设计，并将粘土与聚丙烯纤维进行混合研磨，并将各原料混合后，造粒，烧制，制备成陶粒，使得陶粒的密度为350～430kg/m3，强度为8‑10MPa；有效的改善了陶粒的品质，而且使得磷石膏作为主要原料，提高了磷石膏在制备陶粒中的利用率。

Description

一种磷石膏粘土陶粒及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及磷石膏陶粒技术领域，尤其是一种磷石膏粘土陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
磷石膏是生产磷肥、磷酸时排放出的固体废弃物，每生产1t磷酸约产生4.5-5t磷石膏。磷石膏分二水石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)和半水石膏(CaSO4·1/2H2O)，以二水石膏居多。磷石膏除主成分硫酸钙外还含少量磷酸、硅、镁、铁、铝、有机杂质等。磷石膏是一种粉状材料，几乎没有可塑性，使得磷石膏的使用范围以及在使用过程中的使用量受到了极大的局限性，造成磷石膏堆存量越来越多，有效处理量极低，基于此，我们急需要对磷石膏进行有效利用提供一种新思路。
对于磷石膏用于制备陶粒，目前在现有技术中，有着大量的研究，但大多数都是将磷石膏作为少量的添加剂，直接添加在其他原料成分中，将其烧制成陶粒，这不仅使得磷石膏的利用率较低，而且使得制备的陶粒的品质较差，陶粒产品的密度极高，甚至达到500kg/m3以上，而且得到的陶粒的强度较低，约在0.5MPa左右，使得制备的陶粒产品的应用范围受到局限性，阻碍了磷石膏为原料制备陶粒产品产业的发展。
虽然，现有技术中，有人对磷石膏进行分解处理后，将其尾渣用于制备陶粒，其能够使得制备的陶粒的强度达到4-10MPa，但是其依然难以使得陶粒的体积密度发生改变，造成陶粒的体积密度依然较高，使得陶粒难以轻质化，而且处理工艺流程较长，而且处理过程，无法大规模的对磷石膏处理，使得磷石膏的有效利用率依然较低。
鉴于此，本研究者对磷石膏与粘土进行合理的配比，制备陶粒，使得陶粒的品质得到了提高，而且直接对磷石膏加入处理，有效的提高了磷石膏的利用率，为磷石膏制备陶粒技术领域提供了一种新思路。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明提供一种磷石膏粘土陶粒及其制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种磷石膏粘土陶粒，原料成分以重量份计为磷石膏80-90份，粘土3-8份，铝矾土6-9份，其中粘土是与聚丙烯纤维按照质量比为1:0.2-0.7混合研磨而成的粉末。
优选，所述的原料成分以重量份计为磷石膏85份，粘土5份，铝矾土8份。
优选，所述的粘土，与聚丙烯纤维按照质量比为1:0.4混合。
优选，所述的研磨，在研磨过程中，向其中加入有占聚丙烯纤维质量1-3％的硼酸和占聚丙烯纤维质量1-3％的炭化稻壳。
优选，所述的炭化稻壳，加入量为占聚丙烯纤维质量的2％。
上述的磷石膏粘土陶粒制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将磷石膏、粘土、铝矾土混合搅拌均匀后，加水，使得水料质量比为1:0.1-0.9混合后，置于研磨机中研磨，过80目筛；
(2)将步骤(1)的物料置于滚筒造粒机中造粒，使得形成粒径为5-15mm的颗粒，将颗粒烧制，冷却，即得磷石膏粘土陶粒。
优选，所述的烧制，是将颗粒预热至100℃，再在10min升温至600℃，恒温处理0.5-1h，再在20-30min升温至1200℃，恒温1-2h，再在1h降温至300℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明创造的技术效果体现在：
经过将磷石膏、粘土、铝矾土进行合理配比设计，并将粘土与聚丙烯纤维进行混合研磨，并将各原料混合后，造粒，烧制，制备成陶粒，使得陶粒的密度为350～430kg/m3，强度为8-10MPa；有效的改善了陶粒的品质，而且使得磷石膏作为主要原料，提高了磷石膏在制备陶粒中的利用率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定，但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
以下实施例，磷石膏粘土陶粒制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将磷石膏、粘土、铝矾土混合搅拌均匀后，加水，使得水料质量比为1:0.1-0.9混合后，置于研磨机中研磨，过80目筛；
(2)将步骤(1)的物料置于滚筒造粒机中造粒，使得形成粒径为5-15mm的颗粒，将颗粒烧制，冷却，即得磷石膏粘土陶粒。
实施例1
磷石膏粘土陶粒，原料成分以重量计为磷石膏80kg，粘土3kg，铝矾土6-kg，其中粘土是与聚丙烯纤维按照质量比为1:0.2混合研磨而成的粉末。
实施例2
磷石膏粘土陶粒，原料成分以重量计为磷石膏90kg，粘土8kg，铝矾土9kg，其中粘土是与聚丙烯纤维按照质量比为1:0.7混合研磨而成的粉末。
实施例3
磷石膏粘土陶粒，原料成分以重量份计为磷石膏85kg，粘土5kg，铝矾土8kg，其中粘土是与聚丙烯纤维按照质量比为1:0.5混合研磨而成的粉末。
并对实施例1-3中制备的陶粒进行密度和强度检测，其结果如下表1所示：
表1
体积密度kg/m<sup>3</sup> 滚筒滚压至破裂抗压强度MPa
实施例1 421 8.5
实施例2 430 8.1
实施例3 417 9.2
由表1数据显示可以看出，对于磷石膏、粘土、铝矾土进行合理的配比设计，并将粘土采用聚丙烯纤维混合研磨后，使得陶粒的品质得到了大幅度的改善。
实施例4
在实施例1的基础上，对于粘土与聚丙烯混合研磨过程中，向其中加入有占聚丙烯纤维质量1％的硼酸和占聚丙烯纤维质量1％的炭化稻壳。
实施例5
在实施例2的基础上，对于粘土与聚丙烯混合研磨过程中，向其中加入有占聚丙烯纤维质量3％的硼酸和占聚丙烯纤维质量3％的炭化稻壳。
实施例6
在实施例3的基础上，对于粘土与聚丙烯混合研磨过程中，向其中加入有占聚丙烯纤维质量2％的硼酸和占聚丙烯纤维质量1％的炭化稻壳。
并对实施例4-6中的陶粒进行密度和强度检测，其结果如下表2所示：
表2
体积密度kg/m<sup>3</sup> 滚筒滚压至破裂抗压强度MPa
实施例4 398 8.5
实施例5 376 8.3
实施例6 384 9.1
由表2数据可以看出，对于粘土进行改性处理，并且加入硼酸、炭化稻壳，能够有助于对密度的改善，降低陶粒的密度，实现轻质化。
实施例7
在实施例1的基础上，烧制，是将颗粒预热至100℃，再在10min升温至600℃，恒温处理0.5h，再在30min升温至1200℃，恒温1h，再在1h降温至300℃。
实施例8
在实施例5的基础上，烧制，是将颗粒预热至100℃，再在10min升温至600℃，恒温处理1h，再在20min升温至1200℃，恒温2h，再在1h降温至300℃。
并对实施例7-8中的陶粒进行密度和强度检测，其结果如下表3所示：
表3
体积密度kg/m<sup>3</sup> 滚筒滚压至破裂抗压强度MPa
实施例7 367 10.1
实施例8 350 9.8
由表3的数据显示可以看出，对于烧制过程的温度变化以及处理的时间，将会极大程度的影响陶粒的品质，而且对于粘土采用聚丙烯纤维，硼酸、炭化稻壳进行混合研磨处理，结合烧制的温度以及时间的控制，能够有效的改善陶粒的密度和强度。

Claims (3)

1.一种磷石膏粘土陶粒，其特征在于，原料成分以重量份计为磷石膏85份，粘土5份，铝矾土8份，其中粘土是与聚丙烯纤维按照质量比为1:0.4混合研磨而成的粉末；
所述的研磨，在研磨过程中，向其中加入有占聚丙烯纤维质量1-3％的硼酸和占聚丙烯纤维质量2％的炭化稻壳。
2.如权利要求1所述的磷石膏粘土陶粒，其特征在于，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将磷石膏、粘土、铝矾土混合搅拌均匀后，加水，使得水料质量比为1:0.1-0.9混合后，置于研磨机中研磨，过80目筛；
(2)将步骤(1)的物料置于滚筒造粒机中造粒，使得形成粒径为5-15mm的颗粒，将颗粒烧制，冷却，即得磷石膏粘土陶粒；
所述的烧制，是将颗粒预热至100℃，再在10min升温至600℃，恒温处理0.5-1h，再在20-30min升温至1200℃，恒温1-2h，再在1h降温至300℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的磷石膏粘土陶粒，其特征在于，密度为350～430kg/m3，强度为8-10MPa。
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