CN107469465B - High-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material made of pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material made of pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0613—Woven
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material, which comprises a base layer, a dust-facing fiber surface layer and a non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, wherein the dust-facing fiber surface layer and the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer are formed by tangling mixed fibers consisting of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers and polyphenylene sulfide fibers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base layer through a needling process; the thickness of the dust-facing fiber surface layer is greater than that of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, and the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers in the dust-facing fiber surface layer or the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is longer than that of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the dedusting filter material. The high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material produced by the invention has the excellent performances of high strength, excellent high-temperature resistance, flame retardance, corrosion resistance, high porosity, high filtration efficiency, low and stable resistance value, easy ash removal and the like, and is suitable for high-temperature flue gas emission environments such as steel smelting, waste incineration, thermal power generation, industrial kilns and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bag-type dedusting filter material, in particular to a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dedusting filter material. Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a preparation method of the bag type dust removal filter material.
Background
The air pollution source is mainly concentrated on waste gas discharged from industrial fields such as steel, metallurgy, thermoelectricity, cement and waste incineration, the temperature of the waste gas can reach more than 300 ℃, even a filtering material prepared from high-performance fibers such as aramid fiber, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the like can work for a long time at the temperature of about 200 ℃, and high-temperature smoke gas can be filtered after being cooled by adding a long pipeline. High-performance fibers such as aramid fibers, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the like generally used for high-temperature filtration are high in price, most of steel enterprises are in a state of loss and loss of operation for maintaining yield at present, the capital is in short supply, a large amount of capital is difficult to invest in environmental protection, and a difficult choice between benefits and the environment is faced.
The polyacrylonitrile fiber has no high temperature resistance, but the excellent polyacrylonitrile fiber can be prepared into carbon fiber after being subjected to preoxidation, carbonization and graphitization, an intermediate product is generated in each step in the process, the polyacrylonitrile preoxidation fiber is one of the fibers, in the actual production, part of the preoxidation fiber is used for continuous deep processing, and the other fibers can only be used for preparing some products with low price, such as soundproof cotton, heat insulation materials, flame retardant materials and the like, so that much waste is generated. The polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber has the limit oxygen index up to over 45%, and has the features of no fusion, no softening, no shrinkage, stable performance in 400 deg.c atmosphere, low cost, about 30 yuan/kg of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber, 120 yuan of other high performance fiber, capacity of filtering high temperature fume, and being ideal high temperature resisting bag type dedusting filter material.
The textile industry for filtering in China starts late, has a large gap compared with developed countries, and particularly in the aspect of high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter materials, the performance and the price of the domestic filter material products are difficult to compete with foreign products. Although the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber has excellent high temperature resistance, the shearing strength is poor, the processing difficulty is high, the application in the field of high-temperature bag type dust removal filter materials is still slow, and industrial production is not formed.
The carbon fiber research in Japan is always in the leading position, and the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is still mainly used for refractory materials, heat-insulating materials, fireproof carpets and the like, and fire-fighting clothes and the like with complex processing procedures, but the high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter material which has relatively low processing cost and extremely high additional value is rarely reported; in 1999, zhang Haosheng et al of the institute of textile science in Jiangsu province used polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber to prepare high-temperature bag-type dust removal filter material, and the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber and the high-strength alkali-free glass fiber reinforced base fabric were compounded by using a needling process, so that the strength of the composite filter material was improved to over 1000N/5cm, however, both the pre-oxidized fiber and the glass fiber belong to brittle fiber materials, which are not beneficial to ash removal and long-term use, and are not widely used. In addition, reports about the application of pre-oxidized fibers in manufacturing high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter materials are rarely found.
The patent application CN 104711775A relates to a method for preparing a continuous dispersion type filament fiber needled felt by adopting polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber short fibers and filaments, but the method is not used in the field of high-temperature bag-type dust removal, does not solve the strength problem and the dust removal performance problem of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers used for filter materials, has the defects of low strength, rough surface, low filtration efficiency, poor dust removal performance, short service life and the like, can be applied to coarse filtration, is difficult to meet the basic performance requirements of the conventional bag-type dust removal filter material, and is not suitable for the field of high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter materials.
In summary, the high temperature resistant bag type dust removal filter material prepared by using polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber has the following problems:
1. the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber has low strength, poor shearing strength and high processing difficulty, is damaged too much by a common needling process, has extremely low strength, can only be used for sound absorption cotton, heat insulation cotton and the like, and is not suitable for the field of high-temperature bag-type dust removal filter materials;
2. the needled felt processed by the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber has rough surface, but the internal fiber surface is very smooth, and the structure has the defects of low filtration efficiency, poor dust cleaning performance, short service life and the like in the field of bag type dust removal, and needs to be frequently replaced, so that the cost is not reduced and increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation that polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is difficult to be applied to a high-temperature bag type dust removal filter material at present, but has potential, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature bag type dust removal filter material with excellent performance and low price, which is mainly formed by weaving polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber and polyphenylene sulfide fiber on base cloth in a mixing way, thereby effectively avoiding the defects of low strength and poor shearing strength of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber, improving the filtration efficiency and the dust removal performance of the product, greatly reducing the cost of smoke pollution treatment materials and being beneficial to promoting the progress of environmental protection in China.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material comprises a base layer, a dust-facing fiber surface layer and a non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, wherein mixed fibers formed by polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers and polyphenylene sulfide fibers are entangled on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base layer through a needling process, and the base layer comprises at least one layer of base cloth; the thickness of the dust-facing fiber surface layer is slightly larger than that of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, and the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber in the dust-facing fiber surface layer or the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is slightly longer than that of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base fabric is made of low-density aramid woven fabric. The aramid fiber used by the low-density aramid fiber woven fabric is the aramid fiber 1313, the density of warp yarns and weft yarns is the same, the linear density is 30tex to 45tex, the warp density and the weft density are the same, and the warp density and the weft density are 55 pieces/10 cm to 75 pieces/10 cm. Because the shearing strength of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is low, the high-temperature resistant fiber product with high strength and low elongation and certain flexibility is required to be selected for the base fabric, and the aramid fiber has the advantages at the same time, so that the aramid fiber fabric is adopted. The low-density aramid fiber woven fabric with lower warp and weft density is used as the base fabric, so that the influence of the base fabric on the filtering performance of the filtering material can be reduced, the strength is ensured, and the isotropy of the high-temperature bag-type dust removal filtering material can be ensured due to the fact that the warp density and the weft density are the same.
The length of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is 50-65mm, the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 75-90mm, and the mixing ratio of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber to the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 65-55. When the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is simply adopted to prepare the filter material, the strength of the filter material is low, the filtering efficiency and the dust removal performance are poor, the filter material only has high temperature resistance, in order to improve the mechanical property of the filter material, the fiber entanglement degree and the pore tortuosity degree in the filter material are submitted at the same time, the high temperature resistance is selected, and the polyphenylene sulfide fiber with the melting point capable of being thermally treated is mixed with the filter material, and the test result proves that when the content of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 35-45% ahead and the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is slightly longer than that of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber, the damage to the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is most favorably reduced, and the filtering efficiency and the dust removal performance of the filter material are improved.
The gram weight ratio of the dust-facing fiber surface layer to the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is 6:4, and the total gram weight of the two fiber surface layers is 500-650g/m 2 。
Furthermore, polytetrafluoroethylene particles are adhered to the fibers of the dust-facing surface fiber layer and the fibers of the non-dust-facing surface fiber layer.
Furthermore, at least one layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film is arranged on the dust-facing fiber surface layer.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dedusting filter material is characterized in that polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is used as a main material and is combined with polyphenylene sulfide fiber to form mixed fiber, the mixed fiber is sequentially subjected to static electricity eliminating treatment, opening and carding, and then is lapped on base cloth to form a lapping structure of a dust facing fiber surface layer/base cloth/non-dust facing fiber surface layer, wherein the thickness of the dust facing fiber surface layer is slightly larger than that of the non-dust facing fiber surface layer, and then needling, spunlacing, washing oil removing treatment, drying, high-temperature heat treatment, impregnation and baking are sequentially performed, so that the bag-type dedusting filter material is finally obtained.
The length of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is 50-65mm, the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 75-90mm, and the mixing ratio of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber to the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 65-55.
The base fabric includes, but is not limited to, low-density aramid woven fabric.
The static electricity eliminating treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying a cationic antistatic agent with the mass fraction of 2-5% on all the fibers, and then sealing and standing for 24 hours at room temperature. The polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber has low shearing strength, is easy to break under the influence of external force in the processing process, and the mixed polyphenylene sulfide fiber is easy to have static electricity, so that the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is subjected to corresponding static electricity eliminating treatment, the static electricity is eliminated, the wettability of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is improved, and the processing performance is improved.
The distance between the cylinder and the doffer is 0.10-0.25mm in the carding process, and the speed ratio is 1.4-1.65. Although the mixed fiber is subjected to corresponding static elimination treatment, the fiber density is low, and the fiber is still difficult to transfer from a cylinder to a doffer in the carding process, so that the fiber transfer rate is improved by adopting smaller spacing and large speed ratio, and the fiber loss is reduced.
The lapping process comprises the following steps: establishing a lapping structure of the dust-facing fiber surface layer/the base cloth/the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, wherein the ratio of the gram weight of the dust-facing fiber surface layer to the gram weight of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is 6:4, and the total gram weight of the fiber surface layer is 500-650g/m 2 . The design that the dust-facing fiber surface layer and the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer have different thicknesses is adopted, the purpose is to increase the thickness of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer so as to be beneficial to further post-treatment of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, and meanwhile, the filtering performance, especially the dust cleaning performance, of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer can be effectively improved.
The needling process is divided into two processes of pre-needling and main needling, wherein the density of the pre-needling needles is 15-25 punches/cm 2 The depth is 4-6mm, the frequency is 80-130 thorn/min, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min. The density of the main needling needle is 40-60 needling/cm 2 The depth is 5-8mm, the frequency is 200-280 thorn/min, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min. Polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber has low shearing strength, is processed by adopting a common needling process, easily causes the breakage of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber, forms short fiber, is easily blown out in the smoke filtering process, is discharged into the air to form pollution, and simultaneously, the filtering efficiency is continuously reduced along with the filtering process, so lower needling density is needed to be adopted, shallower needling depth and lower needling frequency are needed to ensure the entanglement degree and the tortuosity between fibers, lower output speed is needed to be adopted, tests show that the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber and main needling process can furthest protect polypropylene while ensuring the entanglement between fibersThe nitrile preoxidation fiber is not cut off by external force, and the performance of the nitrile preoxidation fiber is not influenced by broken fibers.
The density of the nozzles adopted in the spunlace process is 30-50/cm 2 The pressure is 3-8MPa, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min. The adopted needling process is mild, the dust-facing fiber surface layer of the filter material after needling is rough, and the number of cavities is large, so that the improvement of the filtering efficiency and the dust removal performance is not facilitated, the surface of the filter material is further processed by adopting the spunlace process, and tests show that the filter material after needling is further processed and finished by adopting the process parameters, so that the surface smoothness of the filter material can be effectively improved, pinholes are eliminated, the filtering efficiency and the dust removal performance are improved, and meanwhile, the polyacrylonitrile preoxidation fiber is not damaged.
The high-temperature heat treatment is carried out by adopting a multi-roller double hot rolling mode, specifically, 4-6 groups of double hot rolling rollers are adopted, the hot rolling roller temperature is controlled in a partitioning mode, the temperature of the upper hot rolling roller is 280 ℃, the temperature of the lower hot rolling roller is 290 ℃, a dust-facing surface fiber surface layer is close to the lower hot rolling roller, the speed is 1-1.5m/min, the pressure of the hot rolling roller is gradually increased from front to back, the pressure of the first group of hot rolling roller is 0.1-0.3MPa, and the pressure of the last group of hot rolling roller is 0.6-0.8MPa. After washing, oil removal treatment and drying, the filter material is subjected to heat treatment at the melting point temperature of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers, the polyphenylene sulfide fibers are partially melted and form bonding points with polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers, and meanwhile, part of overlarge holes are filled, so that the structure of the filter material is more stable, the strength of the filter material is effectively improved, gaps among fibers are reduced, the dust facing surface is smoother, the strength, the filtering efficiency and the dust removing performance of the filter material are improved, but a large amount of polyphenylene sulfide fibers are melted by the overlarge heat treatment, the gaps are blocked, and the resistance is rapidly increased.
The impregnation process comprises the following steps: the formula of the impregnation liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion: 5% -10%, melamine formaldehyde resin emulsion: 6-9% of water, and the balance of water; putting the filter material into the soaking liquid which is stirred to be in a uniform state, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 hours at the ultrasonic frequency of 2530kHz and the temperature of 60 ℃. The soaking and baking are carried out specifically by padding liquor with a rolling residual ratio of 60-80%, pre-baking for 30min at 90 ℃, and then baking for 3min at 160 ℃. Carry out the tortuous degree that polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion flooding can effectively improve the inside hole of filter material to the filter material to improve filtration efficiency, when the filter material was applied to high temperature filtration, ordinary flooding means was difficult to make the polytetrafluoroethylene particulate matter be fixed in the fibre surface, and the particulate matter can be taken out by the high-speed flue gas filtration air current that passes through, forms the pollution. According to the invention, the melamine formaldehyde resin emulsion is used as a curing agent, and the melamine formaldehyde resin is cured at 160 ℃, so that the adhesion between polytetrafluoroethylene particles and fibers can be effectively improved, the polytetrafluoroethylene particles can bear high temperature of nearly 200 ℃, the roughness and pore tortuosity of the fiber surface are improved while the stability of the polytetrafluoroethylene particles is ensured, the filtration efficiency of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material can be effectively improved, and the performance of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material under the high-temperature condition is ensured. Meanwhile, the pre-drying and baking effects on the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material are pre-shrunk, so that shrinkage stress can not occur again when the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material enters a high-temperature working condition, and the stable working state of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material under the high-temperature working condition is guaranteed.
Further, when the present invention further comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene film, the polytetrafluoroethylene film is attached to the dust-facing fibrous face layer after the baking process is completed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is prepared by mixing polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers and polyphenylene sulfide fibers in a certain ratio, preferably taking low-density aramid woven fabric as base cloth and adopting a needle punching method. The problems of low strength, poor shearing strength, difficult processing, low product strength, low filtering efficiency and poor ash removal performance of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber can be effectively solved, the strength of the prepared polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature resistant bag type dust removal filter material can be improved to more than 1000N/5cm from 100-200N/5cm compared with a common polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber needled felt with the same gram weight, and 90% strength can be maintained at the high temperature of 200 ℃ (see figure 2); the filtering efficiency of PM1.0 can be improved to more than 95% from about 80%; the filtering efficiency is basically unchanged under the high-temperature condition, the dust filtering efficiency can be improved to more than 99.9% from about 99.1%, the rising speed of the residual resistance is slower than that of a common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needled felt with the same gram weight (see figure 3), and the dust stripping rate can be improved to more than 99% from about 85% in a dust cleaning period of 30 times of 1000 Pa.
The invention effectively improves the cohesive force between the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers, solves the defects of low strength and poor processing performance, increases the roughness of the fiber surface, produces the high-temperature resistant bag type dust removal filter material with the advantages of high strength, excellent high-temperature resistance, flame retardance, corrosion resistance, high porosity, high filtration efficiency, low and stable resistance value, easy ash removal and the like, has long service life and low price, is suitable for high-temperature flue gas emission environments such as steel smelting, garbage incineration, thermal power generation, industrial kilns and the like, and can save a large amount of treatment cost for pollution treatment enterprises.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is the breaking elongation curve of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high temperature resistant bag type dust removal filter material and common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needle felt.
FIG. 3 shows the filtering efficiency of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter material and common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needle felt for particulate matters with different particle sizes.
FIG. 4 is a graph of residual resistance versus time for 30 cycles of 1000Pa ash removal for a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high temperature resistant bag filter material.
FIG. 5 shows the surface morphology of a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust-removal filter material prepared by the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter material of the embodiment includes a base layer 1, and a dust-facing fiber surface layer 2 and a non-dust-facing fiber surface layer 3, which are formed by entangling mixed fibers composed of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers and polyphenylene sulfide fibers on the upper and lower surfaces of the base layer through a needling process. The length of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is 60mm, the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 80mm, and the mixing ratio of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber to the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 60. The ratio of the gram weight of the dust-facing fiber surface layer to the gram weight of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is 6:4, and the total gram weight of the two fiber surface layers is 500g/m 2 The thickness D1 of the dust-facing fiber surface layer 2 is slightly larger than the thickness D2 of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer 3. The base layer 1 is a layer of base cloth low-density aramid fiber woven fabric, aramid fibers used by the low-density aramid fiber woven fabric are 1313, the densities of warp yarns and weft yarns are both 40tex, and the warp density and the weft density are both 65 pieces/10 cm. The dust removing filter material is prepared by adhering polytetrafluoroethylene particles to the fibers of the dust facing fiber surface layer 2 and the non-dust facing fiber surface layer 3 by an impregnation method.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and (3) static electricity elimination treatment: selecting polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber with the length of 60mm and polyphenylene sulfide fiber with the length of 80mm, mixing according to the mass ratio of 60.
Opening and carding: and (3) opening and cotton mixing are carried out on the fibers subjected to static elimination treatment, the fibers are sent into a carding machine, the distance between a cylinder and a doffer of the carding machine is set to be 0.15mm, and the speed ratio is 1.5.
Lapping: the fiber is carded and then alternately lapped according to a lapping structure of a dust-facing fiber surface layer/woven aramid fiber base cloth/non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, wherein aramid fiber used by the low-density aramid fiber woven fabric is aramid fiber 1313, the density of warp yarn and weft yarn is 40tex, the density of warp yarn and weft yarn is 65 pieces/10 cm, and the gram weight of the dust-facing fiber net is 300g/m 2 The gram weight of the non-dust-facing side fiber web is 200g/m 2 。
And (3) needling: the gram weight is 300g/m 2 The dust facing surface faces the puncture needlePerforming needling, wherein the density of the pre-needling pricker is 20 pricks/cm 2 The depth is 5mm, the frequency is 100 pricks/min, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the density of the main needling prick is 50 pricks/cm 2 The depth is 7mm, the frequency is 250 pricks/min, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter material matrix is basically formed after the needle-punching process.
And (3) water punching: the fiber net directly enters a spunlace machine after being needled, and the spunlace process comprises the following steps: the density of the nozzle is 40/cm 2 The pressure is 5MPa, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the gram weight is 300g/m 2 The dust-facing surface of (a) faces the nozzle. After the treatment of the spunlace process, the fibers of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material are distributed more uniformly, fiber gaps are further reduced, the entanglement degree of fiber pieces is improved, the surface state of the filter material, particularly the surface state of the dust-facing surface, is improved, and the filtering efficiency and the dust removal performance of the filter material can be further improved.
Washing with water to remove oil and drying: after the spunlace process, washing and deoiling treatment are carried out on the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material, and drying is carried out.
High-temperature heat treatment: the dried polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is further subjected to heat treatment, specifically, 290 sets of two hot rolling rolls are adopted, the upper hot rolling roll has a temperature of 280 ℃ and the lower hot rolling roll has a temperature of 280 ℃ wherein a face-to-face fiber surface layer is close to the lower hot rolling roll, the speed is 1.5m/min, the pressure of the hot rolling roll is gradually increased from front to back, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 1 st set is 0.2MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 2 nd set is 0.2MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 3 rd set is 0.4MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 4 th set is 0.6MPa, and the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the last set is 0.8MPa. The polyphenylene sulfide fibers are partially melted by heat treatment, bonding points are formed between the polyphenylene sulfide fibers and the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fibers, and meanwhile, the overlarge holes are filled, so that the structure of the filter material is more stable, the strength of the filter material is effectively improved, the gaps among the fibers are reduced, and the dust-facing surface is more flat.
Dipping: the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material subjected to heat treatment is basically formed, and in order to further improve the filtering efficiency, impregnation process finishing and high-temperature baking treatment are carried out on the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material. The formula of the impregnation liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion: 8%, melamine formaldehyde resin emulsion: 6%, water: 86 percent; putting the filter material into the impregnation liquid which is stirred to be in a uniform state, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour at the ultrasonic frequency of 25kHz and the temperature of 60 ℃.
Baking: after dipping, the filter material is sent into a mangle with the mangle residual rate of 60 percent, pre-baked for 30min at the temperature of 90 ℃ and then baked for 3min at the temperature of 160 ℃. The polytetrafluoroethylene is solidified on the surface of the fiber by the melamine formaldehyde resin, so that the rough degree of the surface of the fiber is improved, the tortuosity of gaps is improved, and the filtering efficiency of the filter material is further improved. So far, the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is completed.
The prepared filter material is subjected to related performance tests, and the breaking strength and the breaking elongation of the filter material adopt GB/T3923.1-2013 part 1 of the tensile property of textile fabrics: the determination of breaking strength and breaking elongation (bar sample method) is carried out, wherein the high-temperature test is carried out in a high-temperature box, the sample is firstly put into the high-temperature box and clamped, and then the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and then the test is carried out according to GB/T3923.1-2013; the filter material tests the fractional filtration efficiency of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1.0, PM3.0 and PM5.0 by adopting GTT TM 047-2017 (fiber filter material fractional filtration efficiency test method); the dynamic dust filtration efficiency of the filter material is tested by GB/T6719-2009 appendix B technical requirements of bag type dust collectors.
Tests prove that the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material prepared by the embodiment has basically the same longitudinal and transverse breaking strength, the normal-temperature longitudinal breaking strength reaches 1148N/5cm, the transverse breaking strength reaches 1132N/5cm, the breaking strength can be kept by more than 95% under the high-temperature condition of 200 ℃, the high-temperature longitudinal breaking strength reaches 1118N/5cm, the transverse breaking strength reaches 1086N/5cm, the strength is increased by a plurality of times compared with the common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needled felt with the same gram weight (figure 2), and the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is close to the common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needled felt-type dust removal filter material and meets the strength requirement of the bag-type dust removal filter material.
The filtration efficiency of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1.0, PM3.0 and PM5.0 is greatly improved compared with that of the common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needled felt, wherein the filtration efficiency of PM1.0 is further improved from 83.7% to 95.3% (figure 3).
The polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is subjected to normal-temperature dynamic dust filtration performance test and 200-DEG C high-temperature dynamic dust filtration performance test according to GB/T6719, and the result shows that the filtration efficiency of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material prepared by the process is basically unchanged under the high-temperature condition; compared with the common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needled felt, the dust filtration efficiency is improved to 99.97% from about 99.1%, meanwhile, under the condition of larger initial resistance, the time required by the resistance to rise to the ash removal resistance is nearly 2 times that of the common polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber needled felt (figure 4), and the dust stripping rate can be improved to 99.7% from 88.3% in 30-time 1000Pa ash removal period. The high-temperature-resistant polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber bag-type dust removal filter material prepared by the method has higher filtering efficiency, better dust removal performance and longer service life than the common polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber needled felt, can meet the requirements of the high-temperature bag-type dust removal filter material, is suitable for the field of high-temperature bag-type dust removal filtration, and can save nearly half of the material cost for pollution treatment enterprises.
Example two
As shown in fig. 6, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high temperature resistant bag type dust removal filter material of the embodiment includes a base layer 1, a dust facing fiber surface layer 2, a non-dust facing fiber surface layer 3, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating 4, and a polytetrafluoroethylene film 5, wherein mixed fibers composed of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers and polyphenylene sulfide fibers are entangled on the upper and lower surfaces of the base layer 1 through a needling process. The length of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is 60mm, the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 80mm, and the mixing ratio of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber to the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 60. The ratio of the gram weight of the dust-facing fiber surface layer to the gram weight of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is 6:4, and the total gram weight of the two fiber surface layers is 500g/m 2 The thickness of the dust-facing fiber surface layer is slightly larger than that of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer. The base layer is a layer of base cloth low-density aramid woven fabric. The dust removal filter material is adhered with polytetrafluoroethylene particles on the fibers of the dust-facing side fiber surface layer 2 and the non-dust-facing side fiber surface layer 3 by an impregnation method. Dust-facing sideThe fiber surface layer 2 is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene film 5.
The preparation method is different from the first embodiment: after the baking is finished, a polytetrafluoroethylene film 5 is stuck on the dust-facing surface fiber surface layer 2.
EXAMPLE III
And (3) static electricity elimination treatment: selecting polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber with the length of 50mm and polyphenylene sulfide fiber with the length of 75mm, mixing according to the mass ratio of 55.
Opening and carding: and (3) opening and mixing the fibers subjected to static elimination treatment, and sending the fibers into a carding machine, wherein the distance between a cylinder and a doffer of the carding machine is set to be 0.10mm, and the speed ratio is 1.4.
Lapping: after being carded, the fibers are alternately lapped according to a lapping structure of a dust-facing side fiber surface layer/woven aramid fiber base cloth/non-dust-facing side fiber surface layer, wherein the aramid fiber used for the low-density aramid fiber woven fabric is 1313, the densities of warp yarns and weft yarns are both 45tex, the warp density and the weft density are both 55 pieces/10 cm, and the gram weight of the dust-facing side fiber net is 360g/m 2 The gram weight of the non-dust-facing side fiber web is 240g/m 2 。
And (3) needling: the gram weight is 360g/m 2 The dust facing surface of the needle is used for needling, wherein the density of the pre-needling needle is 15 punches/cm 2 The depth is 4mm, the frequency is 80 punches/min, the output speed is 1.5m/min, and the density of the main needling needles is 40 punches/cm 2 The depth is 5mm, the frequency is 200 pricks/min, the output speed is 1.5m/min, and the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature resistant bag-type dust removal filter material matrix is basically formed after the needle punching process.
And (3) water jetting: the fiber net directly enters a spunlace machine after being needled, and the spunlace process comprises the following steps: nozzle density 30/cm 2 The pressure is 3MPa, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the gram weight is 360g/m 2 The dust-facing surface of (a) faces the nozzle. After being treated by the spunlace process, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material has more uniform fiber distribution, further reduces fiber gaps, improves the entanglement degree of fiber pieces, improves the surface state of the filter material, particularly the surface state of the dust-facing surface, and can further improve the surface state of the filter materialFiltering efficiency and ash removal performance.
Washing with water to remove oil and drying: after the spunlace process, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is washed with water to remove oil and is dried.
High-temperature heat treatment: the high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material for the dried polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is subjected to further heat treatment, specifically, 4 sets of two hot rolling rolls are adopted, the upper hot rolling roll has a temperature of 280 ℃ and the lower hot rolling roll has a temperature of 280 ℃, wherein a dust-facing fiber surface layer is close to the lower hot rolling roll, the speed is 1.5m/min, the pressure of the hot rolling roll is gradually increased from front to back, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 1 st set is 0.1MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 2 nd set is 0.3MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the 3 rd set is 0.6MPa, and the pressure of the hot rolling roll in the last set is 0.8MPa. The polyphenylene sulfide fibers are partially melted by heat treatment, bonding points are formed between the polyphenylene sulfide fibers and the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers, and meanwhile, part of overlarge holes are filled, so that the structure of the filter material is more stable, the strength of the filter material is effectively improved, gaps among the fibers are reduced, and the dust facing surface is smoother.
Dipping: the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material subjected to heat treatment is basically formed, and in order to further improve the filtering efficiency, impregnation process finishing and high-temperature baking treatment are carried out on the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material. The formula of the impregnation liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion: 6%, melamine formaldehyde resin emulsion: 6%, water: 88 percent; putting the filter material into the impregnation liquid which is stirred to be in a uniform state, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour at the ultrasonic frequency of 25kHz and the temperature of 60 ℃.
Baking: after dipping, the filter material is sent into a mangle with the mangle residual rate of 70 percent, pre-baked for 30min at the temperature of 90 ℃ and then baked for 3min at the temperature of 160 ℃. The polytetrafluoroethylene is solidified on the surface of the fiber by the melamine formaldehyde resin, so that the rough degree of the surface of the fiber is improved, the tortuosity of gaps is improved, and the filtering efficiency of the filter material is further improved. So far, the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is completed.
The dust removing filter obtained had similar properties to those of example 1.
Example four
And (3) static electricity elimination treatment: selecting polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber with the length of 65mm and polyphenylene sulfide fiber with the length of 90mm, mixing according to the mass ratio of 65 to 45, spraying a cationic antistatic agent with the mass fraction of 5 percent on the fibers, and then sealing and standing for 24 hours at room temperature.
Opening and carding: and (3) opening and cotton mixing are carried out on the fibers subjected to static elimination treatment, the fibers are sent into a carding machine, the distance between a cylinder and a doffer of the carding machine is set to be 0.25mm, and the speed ratio is 1.65.
Lapping: the fiber is carded and then alternately lapped according to a lapping structure of a dust-facing fiber surface layer/woven aramid fiber base cloth/non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, wherein aramid fiber used by the low-density aramid fiber woven fabric is aramid fiber 1313, the density of warp yarn and weft yarn is 30tex, the density of warp yarn and weft yarn is 75 pieces/10 cm, and the gram weight of the dust-facing fiber net is 390g/m 2 The gram weight of the non-dust-facing side fiber net is 260g/m 2 。
And (3) needling: the gram weight is 390g/m 2 The dust facing surface of the needle is used for needling, wherein the density of the pre-needling needle is 25 punches/cm 2 The depth is 6mm, the frequency is 130 pricks/min, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the density of the main needling prick is 60 pricks/cm 2 The depth is 8mm, the frequency is 280 punches/min, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high temperature resistant bag type dust removal filter material matrix is basically formed after the needle punching process.
And (3) water jetting: the fiber net directly enters a spunlace machine after being needled, and the spunlace process comprises the following steps: nozzle density 50/cm 2 The pressure is 8MPa, the output speed is 2.0m/min, and the gram weight is 390g/m 2 The dust-facing surface of (a) faces the nozzle. After the treatment of the spunlace process, the fibers of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material are distributed more uniformly, fiber gaps are further reduced, the entanglement degree of fiber pieces is improved, the surface state of the filter material, particularly the surface state of the dust-facing surface, is improved, and the filtering efficiency and the dust removal performance of the filter material can be further improved.
Washing with water to remove oil and drying: after the spunlace process, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is washed with water to remove oil and is dried.
High-temperature heat treatment: a dried polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature bag-type dust removal filter material is further subjected to further heat treatment, specifically 6 sets of two roller hot rolling rollers are adopted, the upper hot rolling roller has a temperature of 280 ℃, the lower hot rolling roller has a temperature of 290 ℃, a dust-facing surface fiber surface layer is pressed close to the lower hot rolling roller, the speed is 1m/min, the pressure of the hot rolling roller is gradually increased from front to back, the pressure of the hot rolling roller of the first set of the hot rolling roller is 0.3MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roller of the second set of the hot rolling roller is 0.3MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roller of the third set of the hot rolling roller is 0.4MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roller of the second set of the hot rolling roller of the 4 set of the hot rolling roller is 0.4MPa, the pressure of the hot rolling roller of the 5 set of the hot rolling roller is 0.6MPa, and the pressure of the hot rolling roller of the last set of the hot rolling roller is 0.8MPa. The polyphenylene sulfide fibers are partially melted by heat treatment, bonding points are formed between the polyphenylene sulfide fibers and the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fibers, and meanwhile, the overlarge holes are filled, so that the structure of the filter material is more stable, the strength of the filter material is effectively improved, the gaps among the fibers are reduced, and the dust-facing surface is more flat.
Dipping: the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material after heat treatment is basically formed, and in order to further improve the filtering efficiency, the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is subjected to impregnation process finishing and high-temperature baking treatment. The formula of the impregnation liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion: 10%, melamine formaldehyde resin emulsion: 9%, water: 81 percent; putting the filter material into the impregnation liquid which is stirred to be in a uniform state, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours at the ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz and the temperature of 60 ℃.
Baking: after dipping, the filter material is sent into a mangle with the mangle residual rate of 80 percent, pre-baked for 30min at the temperature of 90 ℃ and then baked for 3min at the temperature of 160 ℃. The polytetrafluoroethylene is solidified on the surface of the fiber by the melamine formaldehyde resin, so that the rough degree of the surface of the fiber is improved, the tortuosity of gaps is improved, and the filtering efficiency of the filter material is further improved. So far, the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is completed.
The dust-removing filter material obtained had properties similar to those of example 1.
Claims (7)
1. A polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material is characterized by comprising a base layer and a filter material formed by entangling mixed fibers consisting of polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibers and polyphenylene sulfide fibers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base layer through a needling processThe base layer comprises at least one layer of base cloth; the thickness of the dust-facing fiber surface layer is greater than that of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, and the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber in the dust-facing fiber surface layer or the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is longer than that of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber; the ratio of the gram weight of the dust-facing fiber surface layer to the gram weight of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer is 6:4, and the total gram weight of the two fiber surface layers is 500-650g/m 2 (ii) a The length of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is 50-65mm, the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 75-90mm, and the mixing ratio of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber to the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 65-55; the base cloth is a low-density aramid woven fabric; the dust-facing side fiber surface layer and the non-dust-facing side fiber surface layer are subjected to spunlace after needling in a needling process, wherein the density of the nozzles is 30-50/cm 2 The pressure is 3-8MPa, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min.
2. The polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein polytetrafluoroethylene particles are adhered to the fibers of the dust-facing fiber surface layer and the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer; the dust-facing fiber surface layer is provided with at least one polytetrafluoroethylene film.
3. A preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber is used as a main material, mixed fiber is formed by the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber and polyphenylene sulfide fiber, the mixed fiber is sequentially subjected to static electricity eliminating treatment, opening and carding, and then lapping is carried out on base cloth to form a lapping structure of a dust-facing fiber surface layer/base cloth/non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, wherein the thickness of the dust-facing fiber surface layer is slightly larger than that of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layer, and then needling, spunlacing, water washing oil removing treatment, drying, high-temperature heat treatment, impregnation and baking are sequentially carried out, so that the bag-type dust removal filter material is finally obtained; the lapping process comprises the following steps: establishing a lapping structure of a dust-facing fibrous facing layer/a scrim/a non-dust-facing fibrous facing layer having a grammage ofThe gram weight ratio of the non-dust-facing fiber surface layers is 6:4, and the total gram weight of the two fiber surface layers is 500-650g/m 2 (ii) a The length of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is 50-65mm, the length of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 75-90mm, and the mixing ratio of the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber to the polyphenylene sulfide fiber is 65-55; the base fabric comprises but is not limited to low-density aramid woven fabric; the distance between the cylinder and the doffer is 0.10-0.25mm in the carding process, and the speed ratio is 1.4-1.65; the density of the nozzles adopted in the spunlace process is 30-50/cm 2 The pressure is 3-8MPa, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min.
4. The preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the static electricity eliminating treatment process comprises the following steps: and (2) spraying a cationic antistatic agent with the mass fraction of 2-5% on the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber and the polyphenylene sulfide fiber, and then sealing and standing for 24 hours at room temperature.
5. The preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust removal filter material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the needling process is divided into a pre-needling process and a main needling process; wherein the density of the pre-needling pricker is 15-25 pricks/cm 2 The depth is 4-6mm, the frequency is 80-130 thorn/min, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min; the density of the main needling needle is 40-60 needling/cm 2 The depth is 5-8mm, the frequency is 200-280 thorn/min, and the output speed is 1.5-2.0m/min; .
6. The preparation method of a polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high temperature bag-type dust removal filter material as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the high temperature heat treatment is carried out by adopting a multiple two roller hot rolling manner, the temperature partition control of the hot roller guide roller is characterized in that the temperature of the upper hot roller is 280 ℃ and the temperature of the lower hot roller is 290 ℃, wherein a dust-facing surface fiber surface layer is pressed close to the lower hot roller at a speed of 1-1.5m/min, the pressure of the hot roller guide roller is gradually increased from front to back, the pressure of the first group of hot roller is 0.1-0.3MPa, and the pressure of the last group of hot roller is 0.6-0.8MPa; the impregnation process comprises the following steps: the formula of the impregnation liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, 6-9% of melamine formaldehyde resin emulsion and the balance of water; putting the filter material into the steeping liquor which is stirred to be in a uniform state, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 hours at the ultrasonic frequency of 2530kHz and the temperature of 60 ℃; the baking is specifically that the mangle liquor retention is 60-80%, the pre-baking is carried out for 30min at the temperature of 90 ℃, and then the baking is carried out for 3min at the temperature of 160 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber high-temperature-resistant bag-type dust-removal filter material as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the dust-removal filter material further comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane is adhered to the dust-facing surface fiber surface layer after the baking process is finished.
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