CN107468227B - Signal transmitter and PPG information acquisition equipment - Google Patents
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
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- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a signal transmitter, which comprises a driving module and a light emitting device, wherein the output end of the driving module is connected with the input end of the light emitting device; the driving module outputs current to the light emitting device; the light emitting device emits light signals to human skin at a preset incident angle, so that the light signals carry PPG information to be emitted from the human skin after entering blood vessels of a human body, wherein the light signals correspond to the output current of the driving module, and the preset incident angle is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees. The invention also discloses PPG information acquisition equipment comprising the signal transmitter. The invention can acquire PPG information at the thick fat part of a human body, so that people can acquire the PPG information in an unconscious state and discover the abnormality of physiological characteristics as soon as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of physiological signal detection, in particular to a signal transmitter and PPG information acquisition equipment.
Background
Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to their health conditions, and physiological parameters of human bodies such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and the like can reflect the health conditions of the human bodies. The photoelectric volume pulse wave information (PPG information) can be adopted to acquire the heart rate, the blood oxygen saturation and other information of the human body, and the principle is as follows: when light beam enters a human body from the skin, refraction and reflection occur in a fat layer and blood vessels of the human body, wherein absorption of skin muscles, the fat layer and the like to light is kept constant in the whole blood circulation, the blood volume is pulsated and changed under the action of the heart, when the heart contracts, the peripheral blood volume is large, the light absorption amount is large, and the detected light intensity is minimum; and when the heart is in diastole, the detected light intensity is large, so the light intensity received by the light receiver is in pulsatile change along with the blood volume, the light signal is converted into an electric signal, the change of the volume pulse blood flow can be obtained, and the PPG information is extracted.
In the existing technology for acquiring PPG information of a human body, because optical signals can be absorbed and attenuated by a fat layer of the human body, fingers or wrists with weak fat layers are acquired so as to avoid the condition that received signals are too weak. However, the signals collected from these fat-weak parts need to be acquired by using a specific structure and human active intervention. In the early stage of illness, human bodies of many patients do not have abnormal reactions and often do not actively acquire physiological signals, so that the treatment time is delayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a signal transmitter and PPG information acquisition equipment, which can acquire PPG information at a thick fat part of a human body, so that people can acquire the PPG information in an unconscious state and discover the abnormality of physiological characteristics as soon as possible.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a signal transmitter, including a driving module and a light emitting device, where an output end of the driving module is connected to an input end of the light emitting device;
the driving module outputs current to the light emitting device; the light emitting device emits light signals to human skin at a preset incident angle, so that the light signals carry PPG information to be emitted from the human skin after entering blood vessels of a human body, wherein the light signals correspond to the output current of the driving module, and the preset incident angle is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a PPG information collecting device, including a signal transmitter and a signal receiver;
the signal emitter comprises a driving module and a light emitting device, and the output end of the driving module is connected with the input end of the light emitting device;
the driving module outputs current to the light emitting device; the light emitting device emits light signals to human skin at a preset incident angle so that the light signals enter human blood vessels and then are emitted out of the human skin with PPG information, wherein the light signals correspond to output current of the driving module, and the preset incident angle is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees;
the signal receiver comprises a light receiving device and a signal processing module, wherein the output end of the light receiving device is connected with the input end of the signal processing module;
the light receiving device is arranged adjacent to the light emitting device, receives the light signal emitted from the skin of the human body and converts the light signal into an electric signal; and the signal processing module receives and processes the electric signal to obtain PPG information carried by the electric signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the light signals are emitted to the human skin at the incident angle of more than 13.8 degrees and less than 15.5 degrees, and the incident angle in the range can reduce the absorption attenuation of the light signals by the human fat layer through establishing a transmission model of the light signals at the fat part and experiments show that the incident angle in the range can reduce the absorption attenuation of the light signals by the human fat layer, so that the PPG information acquisition can be carried out at the thick fat part of the human body, the problem that the treatment time is delayed due to the fact that the PPG information acquisition at the fat weak part needs to be manually and actively executed in the prior art is solved, and the effects that people can acquire the PPG.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating transmission of optical signals in a human body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the relationship between the intensity of an optical signal and the incident angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a PPG information acquisition device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. The signal transmitter comprises a driving module 11 and a light emitting device 12, wherein an output end of the driving module 11 is connected with an input end of the light emitting device 12.
The driving module 11 outputs a current to the light emitting device 12; the light emitting device 12 emits a light signal to the skin of the human body at a preset incident angle, so that the light signal enters the blood vessel of the human body and then exits from the skin of the human body with PPG information, wherein the light signal corresponds to the output current of the driving module 11, and the preset incident angle is greater than 13.8 degrees and less than 15.5 degrees.
Through a transmission model and related experiments of the light signal at the fat part established based on the physical optics theory, the incidence angle of the range can reduce the absorption attenuation of the light signal by the human fat layer, and the preset incidence angle is preferably 14.63 degrees. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of optical signals transmitted in a human body according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the optical signals finally enter blood through air, skin and fat, and due to the fact that the media of the inner and outer layers of the skin generate gradient refraction, a part of the optical signals is absorbed and attenuated by the human body, and a part of the optical signals is reflected at a blood vessel, and then exits from the skin of the human body at an exit angle. Taking air as a first medium and a human body as a second medium, the equivalent refractive index ρ' of the second medium is related to the refractive index of the fat layer and the blood vessel. Meanwhile, the incident angle determines the transmission distance of the optical signal in fat and blood vessels, and therefore the incident angle also affects the equivalent refractive index ρ' of the second medium. The inventor establishes a transmission model of an optical signal in a human body by adopting an optical transmission theory and an optical radiation theory to obtain a calculation formula of the equivalent refractive index rho' of the second medium:
where x is the angle of incidence of the optical signal emitted by the light emitting device 12,
y is the refractive index of the optical signal in the fat layer. From the above formula, the equivalent fold of the second medium when x is 14.63 ° can be calculatedThe refractive index ρ' is the smallest, and the intensity of the outgoing optical signal is the highest after being reflected at the blood vessel.
Further deducing the mathematical expectation:
as shown in fig. 2, α1And α2Respectively, are the incident angles (planar angles) at which the light signal emitted by the light emitting device with the solid angle ω impinges on the boundary edge of the skin and the adipose layer. Establishing a rectangular coordinate system with n1And n2The refractive indices of the optical signals in the skin and fat layers, respectively, were expressed, and the correspondence was found:
on the basis of the corresponding relation, a simulation experiment is carried out by utilizing matlab to obtain a relation curve of the intensity of the optical signal and the incident angle as shown in fig. 3. According to the result of the simulation experiment, when the incident angle is between 13.8 degrees and 15.5 degrees, the emergent light signal intensity accounts for more than 80% of the maximum emergent light signal intensity. Therefore, the preset incident angle is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees, so that the absorption attenuation of the human fat layer to the light signals can be reduced, the PPG information can be acquired at the thick fat part of the human body, and further, a structure capable of acquiring the PPG information without artificial initiative and carelessness can be designed in various daily appliances. For example, the light emitting device may be preferably provided on a toilet by emitting a light signal to the skin of a human body by contacting the buttocks of the human body.
The present embodiment further provides a preferred output current amplitude range of the driving module, so as to further improve the accuracy of collecting the PPG information by using the signal transmitter provided in the present embodiment. Specifically, the current amplitude cannot be too large or too small, and if the current amplitude is too small, the emergent light signal is too weak to be identified; if the amplitude is too large, the final signal may be distorted. For the human hip, the main factor attenuating the light signal is the fat content.
The light signal radiation intensity is calculated by the formula
Wherein phieOmega is the radiation solid angle for the radiation flux. Obtaining the radiation intensity U of the incident signal according to the law of conservation of energye≈Uf+UcWherein U isfFor reflected signal strength, UcTo transmit the absorbed signal intensity in the adipose layer. It is apparent that the impedance of the optical signal in air transmission
Impedance of optical signal at hip fat layer
Wherein, F is a current operator, which is used to measure the relationship between the optical signal corresponding to the output current and the medium impedance under a specific photoelectric conversion ratio.
Definition p is a reflected voltage VReflected light signal(voltage corresponding to reflected light signal at specific photoelectric conversion ratio) and incident voltage VIncident optical signal(voltage corresponding to incident light signal at a specific photoelectric conversion ratio). Then VIncident optical signal＝VReflected light signal+VTransmitting optical signals，IIncident optical signal＝IReflected light signal+ITransmitting optical signalsAnd is and
intensity of radiation U passing through the incident signaleAnd the relationship between the incident light signal, the emitted light signal and the transmitted light signal, further derived:
the equation illustrates that the degree of attenuation of the optical signal is related to the fat impedance. When designing the signal emitter, the photoelectric conversion parameters of the signal emitter driving module are usedThe formula can deduce the functional relation between the impedance of the human fat layer and the amplitude of the required driving current in the state which is most beneficial to collecting PPG information. In the prior art, the AFE4400 integrated analog front-end chip is generally adopted as the front-end chip of the driving module, and according to the functional relation and the measurable human hip fat layer impedance, the optimal output current of the driving module adopting the AFE4400 integrated analog front-end chip is 8.3 mA. Further, experiments prove that when the output current of the driving module of the AFE4400 integrated analog front-end chip is larger than 7.5mA and smaller than 9.5mA, the intensity of the emergent light signal is more than 90% of the maximum intensity of the emergent light signal under the same incident angle.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the signal transmitter is preferably a dual-band transmitter. Dual-band PPG information is needed when testing blood oxygen saturation.
The technical scheme of the embodiment controls the intensity of the emergent light signal by establishing the optimal incident angle of the optical signal at the fat part and the optimal incident angle obtained by experiments and the output current of the driving module, reduces the absorption attenuation of the human fat layer to the optical signal, enables PPG information acquisition to be carried out at the thick fat part of the human body, solves the problem that treatment time is delayed due to the fact that the PPG information acquisition at the weak fat part needs to be carried out manually and actively in the prior art, and achieves the effects that people can acquire the PPG information in a non-perception state and discover physiological characteristic abnormality as soon as possible.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a PPG information collecting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The PPG information acquisition device 30 comprises a signal transmitter 10 and a signal receiver 20;
the signal transmitter 10 comprises a driving module 11 and a light emitting device 12, an output of the driving module being connected to an input of the light emitting device. The driving module 11 outputs a current to the light emitting device 12; the light emitting device 12 emits a light signal to the skin of the human body at a preset incident angle, so that the light signal enters the blood vessel of the human body and then exits from the skin of the human body with PPG information, wherein the light signal corresponds to the output current of the driving module 11, and the preset incident angle is greater than 13.8 degrees and less than 15.5 degrees.
The signal receiver 20 comprises a light receiving device 21 and a signal processing module 20, wherein an output end of the light receiving device 21 is connected with an input end of the signal processing module 22. The light receiving device 21 is disposed adjacent to the light emitting device 12, receives the optical signal emitted from the skin of the human body, and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal; the signal processing module 22 receives and processes the electrical signal to obtain PPG information carried by the electrical signal.
In particular implementations, the processing of the electrical signal by the signal processing module 22 includes filtering and amplification. Further, the signal processing module comprises a 50Hz power frequency wave trap. Specifically, the signal processing module 22 firstly filters noise caused by the environment in the electrical signal, amplifies the signal with a weak amplitude, then filters power frequency interference caused by a human body by using a 50Hz power frequency software trap programmed in the microprocessor, and converts the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal.
Further, the signal processing module 22 further includes a communication module, and the communication module transmits the processed electrical signal carrying the PPG information to an external display terminal for a guardian to preview and perform reference analysis, so as to obtain physiological characteristics required to be detected, such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation.
According to the technical scheme, the light signals are emitted to the human skin at the incident angle which is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees, and the transmission model and the experiment of the light signals at the fat part are found, the incident angle in the range can reduce the absorption attenuation of the human fat layer to the light signals, so that the PPG information acquisition can be carried out at the thick fat part of the human body, the problem that the treatment time is delayed due to the fact that the PPG information acquisition at the fat weak part needs to be carried out manually in the prior art is solved, and the effects that people can acquire the PPG information in a non-perception state and discover physiological characteristic abnormality as soon as possible are achieved.
It is to be noted that different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification may be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The signal transmitter is characterized by comprising a driving module and a light emitting device, wherein the output end of the driving module is connected with the input end of the light emitting device;
the driving module outputs current to the light emitting device; the light emitting device emits light signals to human skin at a preset incident angle so that the light signals enter human blood vessels and then are emitted out of the human skin with PPG information, wherein the light signals correspond to output current of the driving module, and the preset incident angle is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees;
the PPG information is collected at the thick fat part of the human body.
2. The signal transmitter of claim 1, wherein the predetermined angle of incidence is 14.63 °.
3. The signal emitter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the light emitting device is provided on a toilet; the light emitting device emits a light signal to the skin of the human body by contacting the buttocks of the human body.
4. The signal transmitter of claim 3, wherein the driving module comprises an AFE4400 integrated analog front end chip.
5. The signal transmitter of claim 4, wherein the output current of the drive module is greater than 7.5mA and less than 9.5 mA.
6. The signal transmitter of claim 4, wherein the output current of the drive module is 8.3 mA.
7. The signal transmitter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal transmitter is a dual band transmitter.
8. A PPG information acquisition device is characterized by comprising a signal transmitter and a signal receiver;
the signal emitter comprises a driving module and a light emitting device, and the output end of the driving module is connected with the input end of the light emitting device;
the driving module outputs current to the light emitting device; the light emitting device emits light signals to human skin at a preset incident angle so that the light signals enter human blood vessels and then are emitted out of the human skin with PPG information, wherein the light signals correspond to output current of the driving module, and the preset incident angle is larger than 13.8 degrees and smaller than 15.5 degrees; collecting the PPG information at the thick fat part of the human body;
the signal receiver comprises a light receiving device and a signal processing module, wherein the output end of the light receiving device is connected with the input end of the signal processing module;
the light receiving device is arranged adjacent to the light emitting device, receives the light signal emitted from the skin of the human body and converts the light signal into an electric signal; and the signal processing module receives and processes the electric signal to obtain PPG information carried by the electric signal.
9. The PPG information acquisition device of claim 8 wherein the processing of the electrical signal by the signal processing module comprises filtering and amplification.
10. The PPG information acquisition device of claim 9 wherein the signal processing module comprises a 50Hz power frequency trap.
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| CN204483982U (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-22 | 广州市易风通讯科技有限公司 | A kind of intellectual water closet cushion |
| CN204500653U (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-07-29 | 河南机电高等专科学校 | A kind of blood pressure measuring device based on two PPG |
| CN105559766A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-11 | 广州碧德电子科技有限公司 | Wrist type real-time dynamic heart rate measuring method based on PPG |
| CN107106058A (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-08-29 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Optics vital sign sensors |
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| US9717423B2 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2017-08-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Low-complexity sensor displacement tolerant pulse oximetry based heart rate measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107106058A (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-08-29 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Optics vital sign sensors |
| CN204500653U (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-07-29 | 河南机电高等专科学校 | A kind of blood pressure measuring device based on two PPG |
| CN204483982U (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-22 | 广州市易风通讯科技有限公司 | A kind of intellectual water closet cushion |
| CN105559766A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-11 | 广州碧德电子科技有限公司 | Wrist type real-time dynamic heart rate measuring method based on PPG |
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