CN107459668B - Self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08J2433/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film and a preparation method thereof, wherein a sharkskin V-shaped groove structure is copied on the surface of an elastomer, and a polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate block copolymer capable of forming a micro-nano structure by self-assembly is grafted, so that the self-repairing super-hydrophobic elastomer film has the self-repairing super-hydrophobic performance, the static water contact angle reaches more than 150 degrees, and the rolling angle is less than 10 degrees. The drag reduction film is attached to a rotor of a rotational viscometer for drag reduction performance test, and the drag reduction rate can reach 20%. The invention has the advantages that: 1. the super-hydrophobic resistance-reducing method and the bionic resistance-reducing method are combined together, so that the resistance-reducing film has a good resistance-reducing effect in a laminar flow state and a turbulent flow state; 2. after the surface chemical components of the polyfluoroalkyl acrylate grafted on the surface of the super-hydrophobic membrane are damaged, the membrane can be self-repaired by soaking in a solvent or heating at high temperature, so that the membrane has a super-hydrophobic effect again.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to preparation of a self-repairing super-hydrophobic film, and relates to a self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the dependence of China on imported energy, how to reduce the energy consumption and improve the utilization rate of the energy become important problems which need to be solved urgently and are related to the sustainable development of the economy of China. It is known that the greatest energy consumption for vehicles such as ships, airplanes, etc. is to overcome the frictional resistance between the water flow or air medium in contact with them. According to statistics, in general, the surface friction resistance of a ship in motion accounts for about 70-80% of the total resistance; civil aircraft have a surface friction drag that accounts for almost 50% of the total drag when flying. Therefore, it is very necessary to try to reduce the frictional resistance between the surface of the moving object and the fluid for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction and improving the energy utilization rate. The design and preparation of a new material with the drag reduction function are undoubtedly one of important ways for realizing the aim, and have remarkable significance for realizing the aim of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and sustainable development strategies of society.
With respect to the problem of how to reduce the frictional resistance of the fluid, various researchers and researchers have tried and studied various drag reduction methods from different perspectives according to the analysis of the motion state of the boundary layer between the moving object and the fluid and the research result of the influence of the motion state on the frictional resistance. The super-hydrophobic drag reduction method is a drag reduction method which is researched more.
The super-hydrophobic surface drag reduction technology is derived from the research on the self-cleaning function of the lotus leaf surface. Through a large number of observations and experiments on the surface structure, the tissue, the form and the like of the lotus leaves, the self-cleaning function of the lotus leaves is deeply understood. People prepare various hydrophobic/super-hydrophobic materials by simulating the lotus leaf surface, and apply the hydrophobic/super-hydrophobic materials to the field of surface muscle reduction, thereby forming a new drag reduction method for reducing drag by simulating a hydrophobic/super-hydrophobic water meter. In 1996, Neinthuis et al developed a related study of drag reduction on hydrophobic surfaces (Annals of Botany,1997,79(6): 667-. Subsequently, in 1999, Watanabe et al produced a fluoroalkane (Fluid Mech,1999,38(1),225) from modified acrylic acid, applied it as a hydrophobic material to the tube wall and studied its drag reducing effect, and experimentally found that the surface drag reduction of the tube wall was 14% in laminar flow, but this drag reducing effect did not exist in turbulent flow.
Aiming at the defect that the drag reduction effect of the super-hydrophobic drag reduction method is not obvious in turbulence, the bionic drag reduction method receives more attention. The bionic drag reduction method is a drag reduction method derived by simulating and researching the surface structures of various animals and plants in nature, wherein the drag reduction method with the most research and application values comprises a flexible wall drag reduction method simulating a dolphin skin structure, a surface groove drag reduction method simulating a sharkskin skin structure and a super-hydrophobic drag reduction method simulating a lotus leaf blade structure. The core of the flexible wall drag reduction method is that the turbulent pulsating pressure is inhibited or absorbed by changing the shape of the wall surface, the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow is delayed, the action strength of turbulent flow burst clock pulse power on the wall surface is effectively weakened, and the additional stress and pulsating pressure of the turbulent flow are reduced, so that the purpose of reducing the flow resistance is realized. Flexible wall drag reduction was first proposed by Kramer (Aeronaut. Sci.1957,24(6): 459-460). The flexible wall drag reduction technology is continuously developed in the next decades, so that the friction resistance can be reduced by about 17% at most. Surface channel (Riblets) drag reduction is the effect of drag reduction achieved by changing the flow structure of the bottom layer of the wall boundary layer, and mainly Walsh et al started the research of the downstream channel drag reduction (AIAA, journal,1983,21(4):485) and considered that the V-shaped ribs on the surface of the sharkskin have the best drag reduction efficiency. In subsequent studies, Bechert et al tested the surface drag reduction effect of ribs of various shapes including semicircular, triangular, knife-shaped, etc. (Journal of fluid mechanics,1997,338(5):59-60), and found that V-shaped ribs had the best drag reduction effect, up to 10% drag reduction. Therefore, the bionic drag reduction method can solve the defect that the super-hydrophobic drag reduction method has no drag reduction effect in turbulent flow.
Durability is also one of the factors that must be considered for films applied to ship surfaces. The abrasion resistant film has good durability, but after being rubbed several times, the performance is inevitably reduced until the performance disappears. However, the thin film having self-repairing property has been widely noticed because it has been subjected to a certain treatment after the surface structure and components thereof are damaged and has again had the property before the damage.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film and a preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme
A self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film is characterized in that the anti-drag film is an elastomer film and comprises an elastomer, solid particles dispersed in the elastomer and a polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate block copolymer grafted on the solid particles; the surface of the elastomer is provided with a shark skin surface groove structure; the polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate segmented copolymer forms a lotus leaf-like surface micro-nano structure on the surface of the elastomer.
The elastomer is a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer or a polyurethane elastomer.
The solid particles are silica particles, titanium dioxide particles or Fe3O4/SiO2Composite particles.
The fluoroalkyl acrylate is perfluoroalkyl acrylate, perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate and 2- (perfluorooctyl) ethyl methacrylate.
A method for preparing any one of the self-repairing super-hydrophobic resistance-reducing films is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing the elastomer and the solid particles according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5-1, roll-coating on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, heating and curing, and then removing the elastomer film from the template; the mass part of the solid particles is 50-100%;
step 2: dripping 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution on the elastomer membrane, drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane;
and step 3: mixing dimethylacetamide, triethylamine and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide in a volume ratio of 10-15: 1-6: 2-4, adding an ammoniated elastomer membrane, and reacting in an ice-water bath for 24 hours to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane;
and 4, step 4: mixing isopropanol, PMDETA (N, N, N '-N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), acrylamide AM and CuBr cuprous bromide in a mass ratio of 250-280: 4-6: 5-15: 1-3, adding a brominated elastomer film, placing the film at a reaction temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 6-12 hours, and then placing the film in ethanol for washing for multiple times to obtain a polyacrylamide modified elastomer film;
and 5: mixing dimethylacetamide and PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), fluoroalkyl acrylate and CuBr cuprous bromide in a mass ratio of 200-250: 2-4: 5-15: 1-3, adding the polyacrylamide modified elastomer membrane, placing the membrane at a reaction temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 6-12 h, and then placing the membrane in ethanol for three times to clean to obtain the super-hydrophobic self-repairing elastomer membrane.
The template with the sharkskin microstructure comprises the following preparation processes:
completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure to an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading the pressure of 3-5 MPa at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, starting condensed water for cooling after 5-15 min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 80-60 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, removing the mould from the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the sharkskin, and drawing the mould along the opposite direction of the sharkskin, thereby finally obtaining the template with the groove structure on the surface of the sharkskin.
Advantageous effects
According to the self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film and the preparation method thereof, a sharkskin V-shaped groove structure is copied on the surface of an elastomer, and a polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate block copolymer capable of forming a micro-nano structure through self-assembly is grafted, so that the self-repairing super-hydrophobic elastomer film has the self-repairing super-hydrophobic performance, the static water contact angle is more than 150 degrees, and the rolling angle is less than 10 degrees. The drag reduction film is attached to a rotor of a rotational viscometer for drag reduction performance test, and the drag reduction rate can reach 20%.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the super-hydrophobic resistance-reducing method and the bionic resistance-reducing method are combined together, so that the resistance-reducing film has a good resistance-reducing effect in a laminar flow state and a turbulent flow state;
2. after the surface chemical components of the polyfluoroalkyl acrylate grafted on the surface of the super-hydrophobic membrane are damaged, the membrane can be self-repaired by soaking in a solvent or heating at high temperature, so that the membrane has a super-hydrophobic effect again.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope photograph of a surface microstructure of a self-repairing superhydrophobic drag-reducing film;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a contact angle of a self-repairing superhydrophobic drag reduction film;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a contact angle of a self-repairing superhydrophobic drag reduction film after a frictional failure;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a contact angle of a self-repairing superhydrophobic drag-reducing film after repair.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
comparative example 1
Common hydrophobic film (PET film) is selected, and the contact angle is 105 degrees.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The hydrophobic membrane was attached to a rotor having a diameter of 15mm and a height of 100mm, completely immersed in a water tank having a diameter of 250mm, and the torque was measured at a rotation speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the hydrophobic membrane of comparative example 1 showed a torque of 0.65 x 0.0673mN · m
Example 1
Completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure on an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading 5MPa pressure at the temperature of 100 ℃, opening condensed water for cooling after 15min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, stripping the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the scales, and drawing the sharkskin along the reverse direction of the scales to finally obtain the template with the sharkskin surface groove structure.
Mixing the polyurethane elastomer with 50% of silica particles by mass, rolling the mixture on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, and heating and curing the mixture. After curing is complete, the elastomeric film is removed from the form.
Preparing 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution, dripping on the elastomer membrane, air drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane.
50ml of dimethylacetamide, 5ml of triethylamine and 10ml of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide are added into a three-neck flask, and then the aminated elastomer membrane is added and reacted for 24 hours in an ice-water bath to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane.
50g of isopropyl alcohol, 0.8g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 1g of Acrylamide (AM) and 0.2g of CuBr (cuprous bromide) were charged into a single-neck flask, and the brominated elastomer film obtained in step (3) was further added and allowed to stand at a reaction temperature of 20 ℃ for a reaction time of 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the membrane was washed in ethanol three times to obtain a polyacrylamide-modified elastomer membrane.
A single-neck flask was charged with 40g of dimethylacetamide, 0.4g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 1g of ethyl 2- (perfluorooctyl) methacrylate (MAF17) and 0.2g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), and the brominated elastomer film obtained above was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 25 ℃ for 12 hours. After the reaction is finished, the membrane is placed in ethanol for three times to be cleaned, and the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane is obtained.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag reduction film is attached to a rotor with the diameter of 15mm and the height of 100mm, and is completely immersed in a water tank with the diameter of 250mm, and the torque is tested at the rotating speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the self-healing superhydrophobic drag reduction film of example 1 show a torque of 0.55 x 0.0673mN · m, which is reduced compared to the torque of comparative example 1, with a drag reduction of 15%.
Example 2
Completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure on an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading 4MPa pressure at the temperature of 110 ℃, opening condensed water for cooling after 10min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, stripping the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the scales, and drawing the sharkskin along the reverse direction of the scales to finally obtain the template with the sharkskin surface groove structure.
Mixing the polyurethane elastomer with 75% of titanium dioxide particles by mass, rolling the mixture on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, and heating and curing the mixture. After curing is complete, the elastomeric film is removed from the form.
Preparing 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution, dripping on the elastomer membrane, air drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane.
60ml of dimethylacetamide, 15ml of triethylamine and 15ml of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide are added into a three-neck flask, and then the aminated elastomer membrane is added and reacted for 24 hours in an ice-water bath to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane.
A single neck flask was charged with 53g of isopropanol, 1g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 2g of Acrylamide (AM) and 0.4g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), followed by addition of the brominated elastomer film obtained in step (3) and reaction at 30 ℃ for 9 hours. After the reaction was completed, the membrane was washed in ethanol three times to obtain a polyacrylamide-modified elastomer membrane.
Into a single-neck flask were charged 45g of dimethylacetamide, 0.6g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 2g of perfluoroalkylacrylate and 0.4g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), and the resulting brominated elastomer film was added and allowed to stand at 30 ℃ for a reaction time of 9 hours. After the reaction is finished, the membrane is placed in ethanol for three times to be cleaned, and the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane is obtained.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag reduction film is attached to a rotor with the diameter of 15mm and the height of 100mm, and is completely immersed in a water tank with the diameter of 250mm, and the torque is tested at the rotating speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the self-healing superhydrophobic drag reduction film of example 2 show a torque of 0.5 x 0.0673mN · m, which is reduced from the torque of comparative example 1 by 23%.
Example 3
Completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure on an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading 3MPa pressure at the temperature of 120 ℃, starting condensed water for cooling after 5min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 80 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, stripping the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the sharkskin, and drawing the sharkskin along the reverse direction of the sharkskin, thereby finally obtaining the template with the sharkskin surface groove structure.
Mixing a polyurethane elastomer with 100% of Fe by mass3O4/SiO2And mixing the composite particles, rolling on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, and heating and curing. After curing is complete, the elastomeric film is removed from the form.
Preparing 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution, dripping on the elastomer membrane, air drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane.
60ml of dimethylacetamide, 24ml of triethylamine and 16ml of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide are added into a three-neck flask, and then the above aminated elastomer membrane is added to react for 24 hours in an ice-water bath, so as to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane.
Into a single neck flask were charged 56g of isopropyl alcohol, 1.2g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 3g of Acrylamide (AM) and 0.6g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), followed by addition of the brominated elastomer film obtained in step (3), and the mixture was allowed to stand at a reaction temperature of 40 ℃ for a reaction time of 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the membrane was washed in ethanol three times to obtain a polyacrylamide-modified elastomer membrane.
50g of dimethylacetamide, 0.8g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 3g of perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate and 0.6g of CuBr (cuprous bromide) were put into a single-neck flask, and the resulting brominated elastomer film was added thereto and allowed to stand at a reaction temperature of 50 ℃ for a reaction time of 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, the membrane is placed in ethanol for three times to be cleaned, and the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane is obtained.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag reduction film is attached to a rotor with the diameter of 15mm and the height of 100mm, and is completely immersed in a water tank with the diameter of 250mm, and the torque is tested at the rotating speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the self-healing superhydrophobic drag reduction film of example 3 show a torque of 0.55 x 0.0673mN · m, which is reduced from the torque of comparative example 1 by 15%.
Example 4
Completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure on an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading 5MPa pressure at the temperature of 100 ℃, opening condensed water for cooling after 15min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, stripping the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the scales, and drawing the sharkskin along the reverse direction of the scales to finally obtain the template with the sharkskin surface groove structure.
Mixing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with 100 mass percent of silicon dioxide particles, rolling the mixture on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, and heating and curing the mixture. After curing is complete, the elastomeric film is removed from the form.
Preparing 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution, dripping on the elastomer membrane, air drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane.
50ml of dimethylacetamide, 5ml of triethylamine and 10ml of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide are added into a three-neck flask, and then the aminated elastomer membrane is added and reacted for 24 hours in an ice-water bath to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane.
50g of isopropyl alcohol, 0.8g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 1g of Acrylamide (AM) and 0.2g of CuBr (cuprous bromide) were charged into a single-neck flask, and the brominated elastomer film obtained in step (3) was further added and allowed to stand at a reaction temperature of 20 ℃ for a reaction time of 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the membrane was washed in ethanol three times to obtain a polyacrylamide-modified elastomer membrane.
A single-neck flask was charged with 40g of dimethylacetamide, 0.4g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 1g of ethyl 2- (perfluorooctyl) methacrylate (MAF17) and 0.2g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), and the brominated elastomer film obtained above was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 25 ℃ for 12 hours. After the reaction is finished, the membrane is placed in ethanol for three times to be cleaned, and the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane is obtained.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag reduction film is attached to a rotor with the diameter of 15mm and the height of 100mm, and is completely immersed in a water tank with the diameter of 250mm, and the torque is tested at the rotating speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the self-healing superhydrophobic drag reduction film of example 4 show a torque of 0.58 x 0.0673mN · m, which is reduced from the torque of comparative example 1 by 10%.
Example 5
Completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure on an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading 4MPa pressure at the temperature of 110 ℃, opening condensed water for cooling after 10min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, stripping the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the scales, and drawing the sharkskin along the reverse direction of the scales to finally obtain the template with the sharkskin surface groove structure.
Mixing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with 75% of titanium dioxide particles by mass, rolling the mixture on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, and heating and curing the mixture. After curing is complete, the elastomeric film is removed from the form.
Preparing 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution, dripping on the elastomer membrane, air drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane.
60ml of dimethylacetamide, 15ml of triethylamine and 15ml of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide are added into a three-neck flask, and then the aminated elastomer membrane is added and reacted for 24 hours in an ice-water bath to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane.
A single neck flask was charged with 53g of isopropanol, 1g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 2g of Acrylamide (AM) and 0.4g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), followed by addition of the brominated elastomer film obtained in step (3) and reaction at 30 ℃ for 9 hours. After the reaction was completed, the membrane was washed in ethanol three times to obtain a polyacrylamide-modified elastomer membrane.
Into a single-neck flask were charged 45g of dimethylacetamide, 0.6g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 2g of perfluoroalkylacrylate and 0.4g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), and the resulting brominated elastomer film was added and allowed to stand at 30 ℃ for a reaction time of 9 hours. After the reaction is finished, the membrane is placed in ethanol for three times to be cleaned, and the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane is obtained.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag reduction film is attached to a rotor with the diameter of 15mm and the height of 100mm, and is completely immersed in a water tank with the diameter of 250mm, and the torque is tested at the rotating speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the self-healing superhydrophobic drag reduction film of example 5 show a torque of 0.52 x 0.0673mN · m, which is reduced from the torque of comparative example 1 by 20%.
Example 6
Completely removing subcutaneous fat from fresh sharkskin, soaking in formalin for 12h, taking out, clamping between two glass plates, and heating and drying. And then attaching the surface with the microstructure on an acrylic plate, putting the acrylic plate and the acrylic plate into a flat vulcanizing machine, loading 5MPa pressure at the temperature of 100 ℃, opening condensed water for cooling after 15min, unloading the pressure after the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, taking out the acrylic plate, stripping the sharkskin attached to the acrylic plate according to the natural arrangement sequence of the scales, and drawing the sharkskin along the reverse direction of the scales to finally obtain the template with the sharkskin surface groove structure.
Mixing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with 50% of Fe by mass3O4/SiO2And mixing the composite particles, rolling on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, and heating and curing. After curing is complete, the elastomeric film is removed from the form.
Preparing 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution, dripping on the elastomer membrane, air drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane.
60ml of dimethylacetamide, 24ml of triethylamine and 16ml of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide are added into a three-neck flask, and then the above aminated elastomer membrane is added to react for 24 hours in an ice-water bath, so as to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane.
Into a single neck flask were charged 56g of isopropyl alcohol, 1.2g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 3g of Acrylamide (AM) and 0.6g of CuBr (cuprous bromide), followed by addition of the brominated elastomer film obtained in step (3), and the mixture was allowed to stand at a reaction temperature of 40 ℃ for a reaction time of 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the membrane was washed in ethanol three times to obtain a polyacrylamide-modified elastomer membrane.
50g of dimethylacetamide, 0.8g of PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), 3g of perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate and 0.6g of CuBr (cuprous bromide) were put into a single-neck flask, and the resulting brominated elastomer film was added thereto and allowed to stand at a reaction temperature of 50 ℃ for a reaction time of 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, the membrane is placed in ethanol for three times to be cleaned, and the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane is obtained.
And (3) resistance reduction test: a BROOKFIELD DV-II type rotational viscometer is selected for carrying out drag reduction test. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag reduction film is attached to a rotor with the diameter of 15mm and the height of 100mm, and is completely immersed in a water tank with the diameter of 250mm, and the torque is tested at the rotating speed of 200 rpm/min.
The results of the self-healing superhydrophobic drag reduction film of example 6 show a torque of 0.55 x 0.0673mN · m, which is reduced from the torque of comparative example 1 by 15%.
Claims (5)
1. A self-repairing super-hydrophobic anti-drag elastomer film is characterized in that the anti-drag film is an elastomer film and comprises an elastomer, solid particles dispersed in the elastomer and a polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate block copolymer grafted on the solid particles; the surface of the elastomer is provided with a shark skin surface groove structure; the polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate segmented copolymer forms a lotus leaf-like surface micro-nano structure on the surface of the elastomer.
2. The self-healing superhydrophobic drag reducing elastomer film of claim 1, wherein: the elastomer is a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer or a polyurethane elastomer.
3. The self-healing superhydrophobic of claim 1The drag reduction elastomer film is characterized in that: the solid particles are silica particles, titanium dioxide particles or Fe3O4/SiO2Composite particles.
4. The self-healing superhydrophobic drag reducing elastomer film of claim 1, wherein: the fluoroalkyl acrylate is perfluoroalkyl acrylate, perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate and 2- (perfluorooctyl) ethyl methacrylate.
5. The self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag-reducing elastomer film as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: mixing the elastomer and the solid particles according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5-1, roll-coating on a template with a shark skin surface groove structure, heating and curing, and then removing the elastomer film from the template; the mass fraction of the solid particles is 50-100%;
step 2: dripping 2 wt% KH550 ethanol solution on the elastomer membrane, drying at room temperature, and standing for 24 hr to obtain aminated elastomer membrane;
and step 3: mixing dimethylacetamide, triethylamine and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide in a volume ratio of 10-15: 1-6: 2-4, adding an ammoniated elastomer membrane, and reacting in an ice-water bath for 24 hours to obtain a brominated elastomer membrane;
and 4, step 4: mixing isopropanol, PMDETA (N, N, N '-N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), acrylamide AM and CuBr cuprous bromide in a mass ratio of 250-280: 4-6: 5-15: 1-3, adding a brominated elastomer film, placing the film at a reaction temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 6-12 hours, and then placing the film in ethanol for washing for multiple times to obtain a polyacrylamide modified elastomer film;
and 5: mixing dimethylacetamide and PMDETA (N, N, N' -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), fluoroalkyl acrylate and CuBr cuprous bromide in a mass ratio of 200-250: 2-4: 5-15: 1-3, adding a polyacrylamide modified elastomer membrane, placing the membrane at a reaction temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 6-12 h, and then placing the membrane in ethanol for washing three times to obtain the super-hydrophobic self-repairable elastomer membrane.
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| CN110702600B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-08-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for realizing drag reduction by using coupling |
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