CN102145567B - Bionic drag reduction membrane material based on sharkskin surface and matrix structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bionic drag reduction membrane material based on sharkskin surface and matrix structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102145567B CN102145567B CN 201010532238 CN201010532238A CN102145567B CN 102145567 B CN102145567 B CN 102145567B CN 201010532238 CN201010532238 CN 201010532238 CN 201010532238 A CN201010532238 A CN 201010532238A CN 102145567 B CN102145567 B CN 102145567B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic drag reduction membrane material based on a sharkskin surface and a matrix structure, and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of preparing an elastic surface layer, a viscoelastic flexible bottom layer, and a mould with a riblet groove structure, superposing the prepared elastic surface layer and the prepared viscoelastic flexible bottom layer, placing in the mould with the riblet groove structure to ensure that the elastic surface layer is close to one side on which the riblet groove structure of sharkskin is copied; and placing the mould in a vulcanizing press, vulcanizing at the temperature of 140 to 180 DEG C and under the pressure of 10 to 15 Mpa for 6 to 12 minutes, demoulding, and tearing from an electroforming mould to obtain imitative sharkskin with double drag reduction functions. Due to the bionic combination of the surface micro structure and the material matrix, the matrix and the surface of the prepared bionic drag reduction membrane material show the mechanical characteristics of the sharkskin matrix and the riblet groove structure of the surface respectively, and the double drag resistance effect of the sharkskin is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the drag reduction material, particularly relating to a kind of is the bionic, drag-reducing film material of drag reduction template with the sharkskin.
Background technology
At occurring in nature, exist frictional resistance between the object of relative motion inevitably.Have data to show, general boats and ships are when motion, and skin friction resistance accounts for 70～80% of drag overall.With regard to the surperficial drag reduction of boats and ships and other sub aqua sport object (as submarine, torpedo etc.), humanly carried out long-term and unremitting effort, and from having obtained a lot of enlightenments to the observation of swimming the most soon marine organisms shark, dolphin and the research.King-the shark of the speed in the ocean not only has the perfect streamline bodily form, and the form drag when it is moved about is minimum; The shield first squama groove structure of the micro-structural that its skin surface is coarse---three-dimensional interlocking also is rib (riblet) structure, and drag reduction is also had bigger contribution.About the bionical of shark skin surface shield first squama groove structure and application, scientists has been carried out a large amount of explorations both at home and abroad, has obtained some stem-winding achievements in research.For example, " the fast skin " of SPEEDO company development (FASTSKIN) imitative sharkskin swimming suit created miracle in the Sydney Olympic Games 2000, this swimming suit lining shape is like shark skin, its surface is covered with the dentation v-depression, the swimming suit made from this material is more next to the shin, can make the suffered drag overall of swimmer reduce 4%.NASA is applied to the rib structure of similar sharkskin on the surface of aircraft to reduce resistance, and the flight resistance of aircraft has reduced 6.6%.In recent decades, people mainly concentrate on the hard groove-shaped non-smooth surface-shield first squama structure in its surface about the research of shark skin drag reduction.The pattern variation that its cutis elastica takes place when in conjunction with forefathers dolphin being moved about at a high speed and the drag reduction mechanism of effect and flexible wall thereof, the cutis elastica of shark also have certain contribution to moving about of its high speed.According to the Evolution Theory and the rule of biology, through evolution of long period of time, its skin texture has evolved to the perfect degree that is close to for the effect of drag reduction to shark at occurring in nature.Therefore, how material surface micro-structural and elastic matrix being combined into the integral body of a harmony, optimizing the structure of imitative sharkskin drag reduction material, is problem that needs are explored, that be worth further investigation.Just be based on this understanding, the present invention is the drag reduction template with the sharkskin, on the basis of the structure of understanding fully sharkskin matrix (epidermis and hypodermis) and mechanical property characteristics and shark skin surface micro-structural, material is carried out Bionic Design according to dual drag reduction (non-smooth surface drag reduction and flexible wall drag reduction) principle.By the macromolecular material of selecting to suit is matrix, the simulation on Mechanical of material is combined with surperficial little clone method, to prepare the bionic, drag-reducing functional material that to realize the dual drag reduction effect of sharkskin, opened up the new way that the material surface micro-structural is become complete, a harmonious bionic, drag-reducing material system with the matrix bond of polymeric membrane material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: anti-drag function film material of a kind of imitative sharkskin with non-smooth surface drag reduction and flexible wall drag reduction effect and preparation method thereof is provided.
Bionic, drag-reducing film material of the present invention has and true similar structure and the mechanical property of sharkskin, can show the dual drag reduction effect of similar sharkskin, is a kind of novel bionic, drag-reducing functional material.Only broken through in the past the limitation that designs and prepare the bionic, drag-reducing material of duplicating by surperficial shield first squama groove structure, the little reproduction technology in surface is combined with the mechanical property of material matrix is bionical, make the matrix of prepared bionic, drag-reducing film material and mechanical characteristic and the surperficial shield first squama groove structure that the sharkskin matrix has been embodied on the surface respectively, realize the dual drag reduction effect of sharkskin, opened up the new way that the material surface micro-structural is become complete, a harmonious material system with the matrix bond of polymeric membrane material.The matrix of bionic, drag-reducing film material of the present invention has the mechanical characteristic of sharkskin matrix, and its surface is built with the shield first squama groove structure of shark skin surface, can show the dual drag reduction effect of sharkskin.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of the bionic, drag-reducing film material based on shark skin surface and basal body structure may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation on elasticity top layer: with natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene rubber as the macromolecular material matrix, add rubber chemicals respectively and prepare natural rubber masterbatch and ethylene propylene diene rubber masterbatch, with any or both blend in two kinds of masterbatch, as elasticity top layer base material; In mass fraction, the prescription of natural rubber masterbatch consists of: 1～3 part of 100 parts of natural rubbers, 20～40 parts of precipitated calcium carbonates, 1～2 part in sulphur, accelerant N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide CZ0.5～1 part, 0.8～1 part of promoter dimethylamine sulphonyl phenthazine DM, 5 parts of ZnO, 1～2 part of hard ester acid and silane coupler; The prescription of ethylene propylene diene rubber masterbatch consists of: 100 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubbers, SiO
220～40 parts, 5 parts of ZnO, 1～2 part of hard ester acid, 9111.5 parts in age resistor, accelerant N-cyclohexyl-1～1.5 part of 2-benzothiazole sulfonamide, 1～1.5 part of cumyl peroxide DCP, 1～2 part of altax;
(2) preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer: in mass fraction, 100 parts of rubber, 5～10 parts of styrene monomers and 10～30 parts of acrylic ester monomers are mixed, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature to the rubber dissolving, adds initator dibenzoyl peroxide BPO and divinylbenzene DVB, the BPO consumption is 1～2 part, the DVB consumption is 0～2% of styrene and an acrylic ester monomer gross mass, is warmed up to 80 ℃～90 ℃ in oil bath, reaction 4～8h; Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, vacuum drying 10～18h; In two roller mills, with dried product, in 100 parts of rubber quality umbers, add 5 parts of ZnO, 1～2 part of stearic acid, 10～30 parts of white carbons, 1～1.5 part of accelerant disulfide tetra methylthiuram TMTD, 0.5～2 part of altax, 1～2 part of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly, slice is deposited stand-by; Described rubber is butyl rubber or chlorinated scoline; Described acrylic ester monomer is methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and/or Isooctyl acrylate monomer;
(3) has the mould preparation of shield first squama groove structure: by elastomeric stamp method or electrocasting preparation;
Described elastomeric stamp method is that 100 parts of fluid silicone rubbers and the agent of 1～2 part of Ammonia silane-cure are mixed, and vacuumizes 2～10min, pours in the mould, and coating thickness is 2～5mm, gets silicon rubber; The pressure that applies 1～4kg is tiled in silastic surface with smooth sharkskin sample, and behind cold curing 120～180min, the demoulding makes the mould that has the shark skin surface pattern;
Described electrocasting is that the polyurethane imitation shark skin that obtains with sharkskin or fluid silicone rubber elastomeric stamp method is as the electroforming prototype, through carrying out electroforming after chemical silvering or the copper plating treatment, make on the prototype surface and deposit metal level gradually, after 24～48 hours prototype is taken out from electroforming solution; Separate electroformed layer and prototype, just obtain and the corresponding metal duplicate of prototype shape, promptly get the mould that has the shark skin surface pattern;
(4) preparation of drag reduction film material: the stack of the elasticity top layer that step (1) is prepared and step (2) viscoelastic flexible bottom layer be placed in step (3) prepared in the mould, and make the elasticity top layer press close to duplicate the one side of sharkskin shield first squama groove structure; Mould is placed vulcanizing press, and in 140～180 ℃, the pressure of 10～15MPa is sulfuration 6～12min down, and the demoulding is torn from the electroforming mould and promptly got the imitative sharkskin that possesses dual anti-drag function.
For further realizing the object of the invention, the thickness ratio of described elasticity top layer and viscoelastic flexible bottom layer is 1: 3～3: 1, and bionic, drag-reducing film material gross thickness is at 1.0～3.0mm.
The agent of described Ammonia silane-cure is aminopropyl triethoxysilane, ethylenediamine propyl-triethoxysilicane, benzene methanamine propyl-triethoxysilicane, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, ethylenediamine propyl trimethoxy silicane and/or benzene methanamine propyl trimethoxy silicane.
Described sharkskin is without antiseptic fresh sharkskin.
A kind of bionic, drag-reducing film material based on shark skin surface and basal body structure is by method for preparing.
The present invention constructs the advantage of surperficial shield first squama structure:
(1) select without antiseptic fresh sharkskin, and the moisture content that dry back keeps skin is 10～15%, can prevents that its prototype structure serviceability rate reaches more than 98% because of protein shrinks the distortion of the skin that variation causes and the change of shield first squama structure;
(2) fill up some curing materials by the back side and carry out smooth processing, can prevent that sharkskin in use is out of shape;
(3) hardening time and the state of cure of assurance fluid silicone rubber apply certain pressure smooth sharkskin sample are tiled in its surface, can prevent that liquid from flowing into the back side of sharkskin shield first squama, is easy to the demoulding;
(4) adopt the imitative sharkskin metal mould of electrocasting preparation, but high temperature high voltage resistant is widened the range of choice of its material.
The base material of the bionical film material that the present invention makes has structure and the mechanical behavior similar with hypodermis to shagreen, its advantage is as follows: (1) breaks through the thinking of individual layer drag reduction in the past, simulation shagreen and subcutaneus adipose tissue mechanical property, the imitative shark skin of bilayer that preparation elasticity epidermal area and flexible viscoelastic flexible bottom layer are compound is optimized the drag reduction material structure of imitating sharkskin; (2) the elastic matrix drag reduction of imitative shark skin and shield first squama groove structure drag reduction are not simple machinery stacks among the present invention, but make two material surface micro-structural and elastic matrix be combined into the integral body of a harmony, the dual drag reduction of realization flexible wall and groove structure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the bionic, drag-reducing model schematic diagram that the present invention designs;
Fig. 2 is the ESEM picture of shagreen pattern;
Fig. 3 is single shield first squama structure ESEM picture;
Fig. 4 is the electroforming mould sem photograph sheet that the present invention makes;
The imitative shark skin optical microphotograph picture of PU that Fig. 5 makes for the present invention;
Fig. 6 is imitative shark skin rotor torque-cylinder speed curves.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of film material matrix
(a) preparation on elasticity top layer
Selecting elasticity and processing characteristics excellent elasticity body for use is matrix., add rubber chemicals respectively and prepare masterbatch as the macromolecular material matrix with the ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) of natural rubber (NR) and water resistance excellence, then with masterbatch EPEM/NR with 80/20 (mass parts) blend.The EPDM prescription is as shown in table 1.The NR prescription is as shown in table 2.The preparation method of EPDM and NR is this area universal method.
Table 1
Table 2
| Reagent | NR | Fine particle calcium carbonate | Sulphur | Accelerant CZ | Altax | ZnO | Hard ester acid | |
| Umber | ||||||||
| 100 | 20 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
(b) preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer
In reaction system, according to the mass fraction, add 100 parts of chlorinated scolines (CIIR), 10 parts of styrene, 10 parts of methyl methacrylates, 5 parts of ethyl acrylates, 10 parts of Butyl Acrylate Monomers, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature.After dissolving fully to CIIR, add 1 part of initiator B PO and DVB (styrene and acrylic ester monomer total amount 1%), in oil bath, be warmed up to 80 ℃, reaction 6h.Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, and the dry 18h of final vacuum weighs.With dried product, in two roller mills,, add 5 parts of ZnO, 2 parts of stearic acid, 20 parts of white carbons, 1 part of TM monex TD, 1 part of altax, 1 part of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly in mass fraction (is 100 parts with CIIR), slice is deposited stand-by.
(2) preparation method of the mould (former) of the imitative sharkskin shield first squama micro-structural in surface
The first step: system biological epidermis sample
Epidermis with white fin shark is the little template of duplicating in surface.With the meat and the muscle at fresh sharkskin (long 15.5cm, wide 11cm) the rejecting back side, use distilled water flushing then 2～3 times, adopt the similar method of making the skin drum sharkskin to be tightened in dull and stereotyped going up (dynamics is unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid the malformation of shield first squama) drying with fine cordage; At dried sharkskin (this moment can not be absolutely dry), the back side is coated with the about 1cm of last layer left and right sides berzona 1311 patching materials, again with the smooth hardboard (thickness is the PVC thin plate about 1cm) of the parallel lid lastblock of the one side smooth surface that shield first squama is arranged, it is flat with the patching material lamination to pressurize a little, cold curing 24h.Like this, just obtained smooth sharkskin biological specimen.
Be respectively white fin shark skin surface shield first squama groove structure pattern as Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and reach the ESEM picture that under XSP-1C type light microscope, separates single shield first squama structure, shield first squama groove structure presents three-dimensional interlocking structure as can be seen, single shield first squama structure is to be made of the scale of epidermis and buried substrate in elasticity skin corium inside, and the two constitutes firm cantilever beam structures.
Second step: die sinking
(a) elastomeric stamp method.120g fluid silicone rubber (SR-2250) and 2.4g aminopropyl triethyl silicane curing agent were stirred in one minute rapidly, vacuumize 3min, treat the component hardening (but having certain fluidity) that becomes sticky, pour in the mould, coating thickness is 3mm; Apply certain pressure (weight of weight plates is about 2kg) then smooth sharkskin sample is tiled in silastic surface, behind the cold curing 120min, the demoulding obtains having the former of shark skin surface pattern.
Two components of accurate weighing polyurethane mould glue, component A (37.5g) and component B (15g), both were stirred rapidly (being about 150r/min) in mixed 60 seconds, and rapidly with it above the direction that the sharkskin fish scale is arranged is taped against ready-made silica gel former, thickness is about 3mm, horizontal positioned was solidified in about 24 hours after vacuumizing 10min, and the careful demoulding of fish scale arragement direction along sharkskin promptly obtains the polyurethane imitation shark skin that the surface is printed on shield first squama structure then.Wherein polyurethane mould glue is provided by Guangzhou SCUT Bestry Sci-Tech Ltd., and model is BC-01-E.
(b) electrocasting: with polyurethane imitation shark skin is the electroforming prototype, carries out electroforming after handling through chemical silvering, and the electroforming process parameter is: current density 1.5A/dm
2, 50 ℃ of temperature, pH value 4.0.Deposit the metal plating layer gradually on the prototype surface, behind the 24h prototype is taken out from solution.Along shield first squama groove structure direction, separate electroformed layer and prototype, just obtain and the corresponding metal duplicate of prototype shape.Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are respectively electroforming mould scintigram sheet and the imitative shark skin optical microphotograph picture of PU that the present invention makes, and compare with true sharkskin sample, and this two classes mould all has higher accuracy of repetition, and this bright gained electroforming metal former high temperature high voltage resistant.
(3) based on the preparation method of the bionic, drag-reducing film material of shark skin surface and basal body structure
Fig. 1 is the designed bionic, drag-reducing model of the present invention, press shown in the figure, the mould (former) that prepared copying surface has sharkskin shield first squama groove structure is put on prepared elasticity top layer and viscoelastic flexible bottom layer stack (the thickness ratio is 1: 1), and made the elasticity top layer press close to duplicate the one side of sharkskin shield first squama groove structure.Mould is placed vulcanizing press, and in 170 ℃, the pressure of 12MPa is sulfuration 9min down, and the demoulding is torn from the electroforming mould and promptly got the imitative sharkskin that possesses dual anti-drag function.
On the coaxial cylinders rotation viscometer, material is carried out the resistance reducing performance evaluation, as Fig. 6, found that in the analysis chart, compare with idle running, when the viscosimeter cylinder rotated, the rotor torque that the elastomeric material that does not print sharkskin shield first squama structure is posted on the surface had obvious decline; Simultaneously, compare with the rotor that posts the elastomeric material that does not print surface texture, the surface sticks the rotor torque that is printed on shield first squama groove structure elasticity drag reduction material further decline again.Fig. 6 result shows that shield first squama groove structure and elasticity have collaborative drag reduction effect.
(1) preparation of film material matrix
(a) preparation on elasticity top layer
Selecting elasticity and processing characteristics excellent elasticity body for use is matrix., add rubber chemicals respectively and prepare masterbatch as the macromolecular material matrix with the ethylene propylene diene rubber EPDM of NR and water resistance excellence, then with masterbatch EPDM/NR with 40/60 (mass fraction) blend.The EPDM prescription is as shown in table 3.The NR prescription is as shown in table 4.The preparation method of EPDM and NR is this area universal method.
Table 3
Table 4
| Reagent | NR | Fine particle calcium carbonate | Sulphur | Accelerant CZ | Altax | ZnO | Hard ester acid | |
| Umber | ||||||||
| 100 | 20 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
(b) preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer
In reaction system, according to the mass fraction, add 100 parts of chlorinated scoline CIIR, 10 parts of styrene, 10 parts of methyl methacrylates, 5 parts of ethyl acrylates, 10 parts of Butyl Acrylate Monomers, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature.After dissolving fully to CIIR, add 1 part of initiator B PO and DVB (styrene and acrylic ester monomer total amount 1%), in oil bath, be warmed up to 80 ℃, reaction 6h.Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, and the dry 18h of final vacuum weighs.With dried product, in two roller mills,, add 5 parts of ZnO, 2 parts of stearic acid, 20 parts of white carbons, 1 part of TMTD, 1 part of DM, 1 part of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly in mass fraction (is 100 parts with CIIR), slice is deposited stand-by.
The implementation method of other steps is with embodiment 1
Embodiment 3
The preparation of film material matrix:
(a) preparation on elasticity top layer
Selecting elasticity and processing characteristics excellent elasticity body for use is matrix., add rubber chemicals respectively and prepare masterbatch as the macromolecular material matrix with the ethylene propylene diene rubber EPDM of natural rubber NR and water resistance excellence, then with masterbatch EPDM/NR with 80/20 (mass parts) blend.The EPDM prescription is as shown in table 5.The NR prescription is as shown in table 6.The preparation method of EPDM and NR is this area universal method.
Table 5
Table 6
| Reagent | NR | Fine particle calcium carbonate | Sulphur | Accelerant CZ | Altax | ZnO | Hard ester acid | |
| Umber | ||||||||
| 100 | 20 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.8 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
(b) preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer
In reaction system, according to the mass fraction, add 100 parts of chlorinated scoline CIIR, 10 parts of styrene, 10 parts of methyl methacrylates, 5 parts of ethyl acrylates, 10 parts of Butyl Acrylate Monomers, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature.After dissolving fully to CIIR, add 1 part of initiator B PO and DVB (styrene and acrylic ester monomer total amount 1%), in oil bath, be warmed up to 80 ℃, reaction 6h.Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, and the dry 18h of final vacuum weighs.With dried product, in two roller mills,, add 5 parts of ZnO, 2 parts of stearic acid, 20 parts of white carbons, 1 part of TMTD, 1 part of DM, 1 part of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly in mass fraction (is 100 parts with CIIR), slice is deposited stand-by.
The implementation method of other steps is with embodiment 1
Embodiment 4
The preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer: in reaction system, according to the mass fraction, add 100 parts of chlorinated scoline CIIR, 5 parts of styrene, 5 parts of methyl methacrylates, 5 parts of ethyl acrylates, 10 parts of Butyl Acrylate Monomers, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature.After dissolving fully to CIIR, add 1 part of initiator B PO and DVB (styrene and acrylic ester monomer total amount 1%), in oil bath, be warmed up to 80 ℃, reaction 8h.Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, and the dry 18h of final vacuum weighs.With dried product, in two roller mills,, add 5 parts of ZnO, 2 parts of stearic acid, 20 parts of white carbons, 1 part of TMTD, 1 part of DM, 1 part of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly in mass fraction (is 100 parts with CIIR), slice is deposited stand-by.The implementation method of other steps is with embodiment 1
The preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer:
In reaction system, according to the mass fraction, add 100 parts of chlorinated scoline CIIR, 5 parts of styrene, 5 parts of methyl methacrylates, 5 parts of ethyl acrylates, 10 parts of Butyl Acrylate Monomers, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature.After dissolving fully to CIIR, add 1 part of initiator B PO and DVB (styrene and acrylic ester monomer total amount 1%), in oil bath, be warmed up to 80 ℃, reaction 8h.Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, and the dry 18h of final vacuum weighs.With dried product, in two roller mills,, add 5 parts of ZnO, 2 parts of stearic acid, 20 parts of white carbons, 1.5 parts of TMTD, 1.5 parts of DM, 2 parts of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly in mass fraction (is 100 parts with CIIR), slice is deposited stand-by.
The preparation method of the mould (former) of the imitative sharkskin shield first squama micro-structural in surface:
(a) pre-treatment of sharkskin: fresh sharkskin (the long 15.5cm that will choose in advance, wide 11cm) after the meat and muscle at the rejecting back side, with distilled water flushing 2～3 times, adopt the similar method of making the skin drum sharkskin to be tightened in dull and stereotyped going up (dynamics is unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid the malformation of shield first squama) drying with fine cordage; At dried sharkskin (this moment can not be absolutely dry), the back side is coated with the about 1cm of last layer left and right sides berzona 1311 patching materials, again with the smooth hardboard (thickness is the PVC thin plate about 1cm) of the parallel lid lastblock of the one side smooth surface that shield first squama is arranged, it is flat with the patching material lamination to pressurize a little, cold curing 24h.Like this, just obtained smooth sharkskin sample.
(b) electrocasting: utilize more than the smooth sharkskin sample of the 20g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate solution cleaning and dipping 30min, it is removed the grease wettability treatment; To clean up with distilled water except that the sample behind the grease, prepare 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid and stannous chloride mixed solution, concentration is 30ml/L and 5g/L respectively, under the room temperature it being soaked 5min takes out afterwards, slowly use the distilled water wash clean, prevent from the tin ion on prototype surface is washed out, this step is that sensitization is handled; The liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 5g/L is just taken off into colourless transparent solution A with ammonia water titration to sepia, prepare 2g/L glucose solution B then, mix A and B rapidly, water and cast from sample prototype surface, soaking at room temperature 5min produces to silver mirror, and taking-up is cleaned the chemical silvering of promptly finishing sharkskin sample prototype with distilled water and handled.Carry out electroforming as the electroforming prototype, the electroforming process parameter is: current density 1.5A/dm
2, 50 ℃ of temperature, pH value 4.0.Deposit the metal plating layer gradually on the prototype surface, 24h takes out prototype after reaching required thickness (thick about 10mm) from solution.Along shield first squama groove structure direction, separate electroformed layer and prototype, just obtain and the corresponding metal duplicate of prototype shape.The implementation method of other step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
Preparation method based on the bionic, drag-reducing film material of shark skin surface and basal body structure:
The mould (former) that prepared copying surface has sharkskin shield first squama groove structure is put on prepared elasticity top layer and viscoelastic flexible bottom layer stack (the thickness ratio is 2: 1), and made the elasticity top layer press close to duplicate the one side of sharkskin shield first squama groove structure.Mould is placed vulcanizing press, and in 170 ℃, the pressure of 12MPa is sulfuration 9min down, and the demoulding is torn from the electroforming mould and promptly got the imitative sharkskin that possesses dual anti-drag function.The implementation method of other step is with embodiment 1.
Preparation method based on the bionic, drag-reducing film material of shark skin surface and basal body structure: the mould (former) that prepared copying surface has sharkskin shield first squama groove structure is put on prepared elasticity top layer and viscoelastic flexible bottom layer stack (the thickness ratio is 1: 2), and made the elasticity top layer press close to duplicate the one side of sharkskin shield first squama groove structure.Mould is placed vulcanizing press, and in 170 ℃, the pressure of 12MPa is sulfuration 9min down, and the demoulding is torn from the electroforming mould and promptly got the imitative sharkskin that possesses dual anti-drag function.The implementation method of other step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9
The bionic, drag-reducing film material that the present invention is based on shark skin surface and basal body structure has the effect of drag-reduction energy-saving, this material is applied to the vehicles such as fluid (water, vapour, oil) conveying equipment, boats and ships, is expected to cut down the consumption of energy, and produces social benefit and economic benefit.In order to check its energy-saving effect, hundred peace encyclopaedia skill Co., Ltds cooperate with Shenzhen, on hundred peaces, hundred energy-saving water pump testboards, test, at first utilize the sticking rubber cement of metal, open water pump then the seamless pump housing inside that evenly is covered on of drag reduction film material, find after tested, pump operation 8 hours, required power consumption are compared minimizing with the same period, and energy-conservation about 3.5%, this explanation drag reduction film material has reduced the resistance to water-flow of pump housing inside, has improved the efficient of water pump.
Claims (5)
1. preparation method based on the bionic, drag-reducing film material of shark skin surface and basal body structure is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation on elasticity top layer: with natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene rubber as the macromolecular material matrix, add rubber chemicals respectively and prepare natural rubber masterbatch and ethylene propylene diene rubber masterbatch, with any or both blend in two kinds of masterbatch, as elasticity top layer base material; In mass fraction, the prescription of natural rubber masterbatch consists of: 1～3 part of 100 parts of natural rubbers, 20～40 parts of precipitated calcium carbonates, 1～2 part in sulphur, accelerant N-cyclohexyl-0.5～1 part of 2-benzothiazole sulfonamide, promoter dimethylamine sulphonyl phenthazine DM0.8～1 part, ZnO5 part, 1～2 part of hard ester acid and silane coupler; The prescription of ethylene propylene diene rubber masterbatch consists of: 100 parts of ethylene propylene diene rubbers, 20～40 parts of SiO
2, 5 parts of ZnO, 1～2 part of hard ester acid, 911,1～1.5 part of accelerant N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide of 1.5 parts of age resistor, 1～1.5 part of cumyl peroxide and 1～2 part of altax;
(2) preparation of viscoelastic flexible bottom layer: in mass fraction, 100 parts of rubber, 5～10 parts of styrene monomers and 10～30 parts of acrylic ester monomers are mixed, make solvent with toluene, stirring at normal temperature to the rubber dissolving, adds initator dibenzoyl peroxide and divinylbenzene, the dibenzoyl peroxide consumption is 1～2 part, the divinylbenzene consumption is 0～2% of styrene and an acrylic ester monomer gross mass, is warmed up to 80 ℃～90 ℃ in oil bath, reaction 4～8h; Reaction is poured precipitating in the ethanol into after finishing, and takes out product, vacuum drying 10～18h; In two roller mills, with dried product, in 100 parts of rubber quality umbers, add 5 parts of ZnO, 1～2 part of stearic acid, 10～30 parts of white carbons, 1～1.5 part of accelerant disulfide tetra methylthiuram TMTD, 0.5～2 part of altax, 1～2 part of sulphur successively and carry out mixingly, slice is deposited stand-by; Described rubber is butyl rubber or chlorinated scoline; Described acrylic ester monomer is methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and/or Isooctyl acrylate monomer;
(3) has the mould preparation of shield first squama groove structure: by elastomeric stamp method or electrocasting preparation;
Described elastomeric stamp method is that 100 parts of fluid silicone rubbers and the agent of 1～2 part of Ammonia silane-cure are mixed, and vacuumizes 2～10min, pours in the mould, and coating thickness is 2～5mm, gets silicon rubber; The pressure that applies 1～4kg is tiled in silastic surface with smooth sharkskin sample, and behind cold curing 120～180min, the demoulding makes the mould that has the shark skin surface pattern;
Described electrocasting is that the polyurethane imitation shark skin that obtains by the elastomeric stamp method with sharkskin or fluid silicone rubber is as the electroforming prototype, through carrying out electroforming after chemical silvering or the copper plating treatment, make on the prototype surface and deposit metal level gradually, after 24～48 hours prototype is taken out from electroforming solution; Separate electroformed layer and prototype, just obtain and the corresponding metal duplicate of prototype shape, promptly get the mould that has the shark skin surface pattern;
(4) preparation of drag reduction film material: the stack of the elasticity top layer that step (1) is prepared and step (2) viscoelastic flexible bottom layer be placed in step (3) prepared in the mould, and make the elasticity top layer press close to duplicate the one side of sharkskin shield first squama groove structure; Mould is placed vulcanizing press, and in 140～180 ℃, the pressure of 10～15MPa is sulfuration 6～12min down, and the demoulding is torn from the electroforming mould and promptly got the imitative sharkskin that possesses dual anti-drag function.
2. the preparation method of the bionic, drag-reducing film material based on shark skin surface and basal body structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness of described elasticity top layer and viscoelastic flexible bottom layer is than being 1:3～3:1, and bionic, drag-reducing film material gross thickness is at 1.0～3.0mm.
3. the preparation method of the bionic, drag-reducing film material based on shark skin surface and basal body structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the agent of described Ammonia silane-cure is aminopropyl triethoxysilane, ethylenediamine propyl-triethoxysilicane, benzene methanamine propyl-triethoxysilicane, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, ethylenediamine propyl trimethoxy silicane and/or benzene methanamine propyl trimethoxy silicane.
4. the preparation method of the bionic, drag-reducing film material based on shark skin surface and basal body structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: sharkskin is for without antiseptic fresh sharkskin.
5. the bionic, drag-reducing film material based on shark skin surface and basal body structure is characterized in that being made by each described preparation method of claim 1-4.
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