CN107454143B - Intelligent inspection method for metering performance of digital electric energy meter in wide-area measurement mode - Google Patents
Intelligent inspection method for metering performance of digital electric energy meter in wide-area measurement mode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107454143B CN107454143B CN201710523523.8A CN201710523523A CN107454143B CN 107454143 B CN107454143 B CN 107454143B CN 201710523523 A CN201710523523 A CN 201710523523A CN 107454143 B CN107454143 B CN 107454143B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electric energy
- energy meter
- digital electric
- message
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/04—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of instruments for measuring time integral of power or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
- H04J3/0644—External master-clock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
- H04L67/025—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a digitalized electric energy meter metering performance intelligent inspection method in a wide area measurement mode, which comprises the following steps of: establishing a wide area IEC61850 standard message network, and updating a cloud digital electric energy meter comprehensive database according to the equipment information data, the historical electric quantity of the digital electric energy meter and the historical check data; intelligently selecting a routing inspection object according to the priority criteria and the verification period threshold of each attribute in the comprehensive database; marking the rated delay time and the message arrival time by a sampling value message sent by a merging unit, and calculating the actual sampling time of the message; calculating the electric energy between adjacent freezing moments as the accumulated value of the calibration standard electric energy; calculating the electric energy accumulated value of the digital electric energy meter to be measured; calculating the measurement error of the digital electric energy meter to be measured; and intelligently selecting the next inspection object. The invention can reduce manual intervention when the digital electric energy meter is checked, and can improve the checking work efficiency of the digital electric energy meter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy metering and testing of intelligent substations, in particular to an intelligent inspection method for metering performance of a digital electric energy meter in a wide-area measurement mode.
Background
Since twelve and five, the state continuously increases the investment on the intelligent substation, and the digital metering equipment of the intelligent substation is widely applied. The digital electric energy meter is positioned at the tail end of the digital electric energy metering link, and the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter directly influences the fairness and the justice of electric energy metering. As the national digital electric energy metering system tends to be perfect, the assessment strength of the digital electric energy meter will be gradually increased. According to the specification of DL/T448-.
At present, when the digital electric energy meter is checked, no matter how far or near the digital electric energy meter is, workers need to go to each intelligent substation, the digital electric energy meter on-site checking device is accessed from the merging unit standby sampling value sending interface and the digital electric energy meter electric energy pulse output port, and then checking work is carried out. The digital electric energy meter is verified by adopting the on-site verification method, and the following problems exist: (1) the field calibration method has extremely low working efficiency, particularly in remote areas with severe traffic conditions (such as high-altitude areas of Sichuan-Tibet and Tibet, rugged roads, frequent mountain floods and debris flows in summer and severe snow icing in winter), generally, the calibration work does not exceed 30 minutes, the traffic travel consumption time is generally more than 3 days, and it is extremely difficult to ensure that the electric energy meter can carry out periodic calibration within the specified time; (2) related information and verification plan arrangement of the digital metering equipment are managed manually, an original verification plan cannot be modified in real time according to the change of the metering performance of the electric energy meter, and the corresponding information loss, error leakage and hysteresis exist, so that the aim verification of the digital electric energy meter with important gateway or hidden danger according to historical and real-time data is difficult to realize; (3) because the merging unit is shared by equipment such as protection, measurement and control, metering and the like, wiring is needed on the merging unit in operation during field verification, and safety risk exists; (4) professional training and experience accumulation are needed for carrying out the verification work by professionals, and the difference of measurement results is caused by the difference of the verifiers; based on the reasons, at present, a large number of intelligent substation digital electric energy meters cannot realize on-time verification, and operation and maintenance and management personnel cannot master actual operation conditions.
How to complete the calibration work of the intelligent substation digital electric energy meter on time in an intelligent, safe and efficient manner on the premise of reducing manual intervention and improving metering public confidence is a problem which is generally concerned by people at present, however, no corresponding technology exists at present, and no relevant report is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of a digital electric energy meter in a wide-area measurement mode, which can reduce manual intervention when the digital electric energy meter is verified, improve the verification working efficiency of the digital electric energy meter and ensure the safety and reliability of routing inspection work.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: a method for intelligently inspecting the metering performance of a digital electric energy meter in a wide-area measurement mode comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a wide area IEC61850 standard message network, wherein a message network architecture in the message network comprises merging units of all intelligent substations in an inspection range, a digital electric energy meter, a process layer switch, a bay layer switch, an inspection server of a network center and a main station switch; the cloud end of the routing inspection server is provided with a digital electric energy meter comprehensive database, and the digital electric energy meter comprehensive database is used for storing information data of the digital electric energy meters and corresponding merging unit equipment in a message network, and historical electric quantity and historical calibration data of the digital electric energy meters; the spacer layer switch is used for forwarding the regularly frozen electric quantity data of the digital electric energy meter to be tested to the master station switch; the process layer switch is used for forwarding the merging unit sampling value message data to the main station switch and modifying and marking the rated delay according to the message input and output time scales; the main station switch has an MAC filtering function, and is used for forwarding data of the interval layer switch and the process layer switch to the inspection server, and modifying and marking rated delay according to message input and output time scales;
s2, intelligently selecting the current inspection object in all the digital electric energy meters according to the data information in the digital electric energy meter comprehensive database;
s3, the inspection server conducts metering performance verification on the inspection object, network flow control is conducted in a mode of controlling MAC (media access control) filtering of the main station switch, and frozen electric quantity data sent by the inspection object through the spacer layer switch and sampling value message data sent by a merging unit corresponding to the inspection object through the process layer switch are selectively received from a wide area IEC61850 standard message network;
s4, the polling server marks the rated delay time and the arrival time of the message through the sampling value message sent by the merging unit, and calculates the actual sampling time of the message;
s5, when the actual sampling moment of the message calculated in the step S4 is the electric quantity freezing moment of the inspection object, the inspection server starts to perform electric energy accumulation calculation on the sampling value after the moment through a cloud virtual electric energy algorithm, and stops electric energy accumulation calculation and message reception when the actual sampling moment of the message is the next electric quantity freezing moment, and the accumulated electric energy between the adjacent freezing moments is the current check standard electric quantity value; the electric quantity freezing moment is the moment when the digital electric energy meter periodically stores active electric quantity;
s6, the inspection server calculates the accumulated electric energy of the inspection object according to the difference of the electric quantity freezing values reported by the inspection object at the adjacent electric quantity freezing time in the step S5;
s7, the patrol server calculates the measurement error of the digital electric energy meter to be measured through an error formula, wherein the error formula is as follows:
in which epsilon is the measurement error, WxW is the accumulated power of the inspection object in the step S60The current check standard electric quantity value calculated through the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm in the step S5;
and S8, the inspection server updates the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter in real time according to the inspection information and the inspection result, and returns to the step S2 to intelligently select the next inspection object.
According to the method, the regional IEC61850 standard message network is established, the routing inspection object is intelligently judged by combining the digital electric energy meter equipment information and the historical data, intelligent routing inspection is uniformly carried out on the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter of the intelligent substation in the message network, the work efficiency of the digital electric energy meter calibration is improved, and the public confidence and the authority of the detection result are ensured. In specific implementation, the initial inspection comprises an operation step of establishing an area-level IEC61850 standard message network, and after the message network is formed, the subsequent inspection can omit the step S1 and utilize the established message network to implement inspection. The comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter is stored in the cloud end of the routing inspection server, and data query and modification can be performed through other authorized client sides in the regional IEC61850 standard message network. The process layer switch and the master station switch can modify and mark rated delay according to the input and output time marks of the message, so that the delay of the sampling value message can be controlled when the method is applied. In the specific implementation of the invention, the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm can be various, as long as one index can be satisfied: the accuracy is higher than 0.05 grade.
In particular, the message network architecture of the wide area IEC61850 standard message network established in step S1 further includes a clock synchronization device in the network center, where the clock synchronization device is configured to periodically provide time to the routing inspection server and the measured digital electric energy meter covered by the wide area IEC61850 standard message network, so as to ensure that the self-timing time is consistent with the GPS standard time. The invention can ensure the synchronism of the sampling value received by the inspection server and the sampling value received by the digital electric energy meter.
Particularly, the routing inspection server is a single server or a plurality of servers, and when the routing inspection server is a plurality of servers, the servers balance the calculation load through distributed calculation. The invention can ensure that a plurality of servers jointly undertake communication and data processing tasks when the network data flow exceeds the computation of a single server and the network resource limit.
Particularly, the routing inspection server is provided with an Ethernet communication interface and an electric energy pulse output interface. Therefore, the routing inspection server can simultaneously receive and analyze the MMS messages meeting the IEC 61850-8-1 standard, the sampling value messages meeting the IEC 61850-9-2 standard and the synchronous time service messages meeting the IEC61588 standard. The electric energy pulse output interface is arranged, so that the magnitude tracing can be carried out when the electric energy pulse output interface is applied.
Further, the calculation formula for marking the rated delay after the process layer switch is modified is as follows:
Tr＝T0+(T2-T1)
in the formula, TrMessage marking of nominal delay time, T0For marking the nominal delay time, T, before modification1Recording a time stamp, T, for a process layer switch upon receiving a data frame2A time stamp is recorded for the process layer switch when sending the data frame.
In particular, the steps between the step S1 and the step S2 further include the steps of: the inspection server analyzes the SCD file of the transformer substation in the message network, acquires information data of all tested digital electric energy meters and corresponding merging unit equipment, and dynamically updates a digital electric energy meter comprehensive database at the cloud end of the inspection server by combining historical electric quantity and verification data of the digital electric energy meters. Therefore, when the method is applied, the data content of the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter is dynamically updated according to each check result.
The measured digital electric energy meter and the corresponding merging unit device information data thereof are inherent attributes of the digital electric energy meter, and determine the importance degree of the metering stability of the digital electric energy meter, for example, the digital electric energy meter for trade settlement is more important than the digital electric energy meter for non-trade settlement, so the device information data influences the setting of the priority weight value. On the other hand, the invention provides the purpose of updating the equipment information data before setting the priority weight value each time, and aims to prevent the situation that the setting of the priority weight value is not consistent with the actual situation due to the fact that the database information is not synchronous with the actual information caused by the attribute change of the metering gateway.
The invention provides an intelligent inspection method for the metering performance of a digital electric energy meter, which aims to detect the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in an actual running state, timely discover and record the digital electric energy meter with poor metering performance stability in a wide-area measuring mode, shorten the detection period of the digital electric energy meter and perform key monitoring. The intelligentization of the invention is embodied in that the inspection is not only carried out by fixed-sequence cyclic detection through equipment information data, but also the past test result and the historical synchronous electric quantity of the digital electric energy meter are introduced as a priority weight value criterion, the verification sequence determined by the equipment information data is adjusted by the test and electric quantity data which dynamically change along with time under the principle that the verification period of all the digital electric energy meters is not more than a set threshold value, and after algorithm cyclic calculation and convergence, the inspection object is selected by integrating various factors each time.
The comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter is composed of stable equipment information data and dynamically changed equipment verification and historical data. When the database is updated, the information data of the SCD file analysis equipment is read, the historical electric quantity of the digital electric energy meter is obtained through an external system, and the verification data can be updated in the database according to the verification result after each verification is completed.
Particularly, the wide area IEC61850 standard message network established in step S1 further includes setting a verification period threshold in the routing inspection server, and specifying a maximum allowable value of a difference between two verification times before and after the digital electric energy meter, so that all the digital electric energy meters can be verified on schedule while the digital electric energy meters with high priority weights are verified preferentially and frequently.
Specifically, the intelligently selecting the inspection object in step S2 includes the following steps:
s21, sorting according to the data in the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meters and the preset attribute priority criteria, and then setting priority weights for the digital electric energy meters according to the sorting, wherein the priority weights are assigned according to the following formula:
Xn＝M-n+1
in the formula, XnThe weight values of the digital electric energy meters at the n-th position are sorted, and M is the total number of the digital electric energy meters;
the preset attribute priority criteria from high to low are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of recording the out-of-tolerance, recording the difference between the recorded out-of-tolerance and the current year synchronization electric quantity, clearing a gateway for trade, calculating the difference between the latest check time and the current check time, and accurately grading the digital electric energy meter, the running time, the voltage grade of a transformer substation and the voltage grade of a metering gateway.
S22, judging whether the predicted verification time of the digital electric energy meter exceeds a verification period threshold value, if so, increasing the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter which exceeds the period, reducing the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter which does not exceed the period, recalculating the predicted verification time of each digital electric energy meter according to the changed priority weight, and then executing the step again; if not, the digital electric energy meter with the highest priority weight becomes the current inspection object; the added value of the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter with the overdue period is larger than the subtracted value of the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter with the non-overdue period.
The routing inspection object is intelligently selected, namely, various data in the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meters are processed to form specific priority criteria of each digital electric energy meter, for example, the criteria of whether the digital electric energy meter has an out-of-tolerance record can be formed through a historical verification result, the criteria of whether the digital electric energy meter has a difference with the current year synchronous electric quantity can be formed through historical electric quantity comparison, and the criteria of whether the digital electric energy meter is a trade settlement gateway can be formed through equipment information data. Finally, all the digital electric energy meter routing inspection priorities can be sorted once through the preset criterion priorities. However, the initially formed sequence cannot guarantee that all the digital electric energy meters can finish verification in the verification period, so that in the process of intelligently selecting the inspection objects, the digital electric energy meters expected to exceed the period are screened out, the priority weights of the digital electric energy meters are correspondingly improved, the sequence is adjusted according to the priority weights, after repeated cycle judgment, the adjustment calculation can be guaranteed to be finally converged by the fact that the added value of the priority weights of the digital electric energy meters exceeding the period is larger than the subtracted value of the priority weights of the digital electric energy meters not exceeding the period, and after the sequence is stable, the important monitoring of the digital electric energy meters can be guaranteed while all the digital electric energy meters are verified according to the period.
Specifically, the calculation formula for calculating the actual sampling time of the packet in step S4 is as follows:
Tc＝T3-Tr
wherein, TcThe actual sampling time of the message, the actual message receiving time T3，TrAnd marking the rated delay time of the message, wherein the marked rated delay time is the sum of the marked rated delay time output by the merging unit and the delay time of each level of switch.
Further, the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm is realized by a complex integral formula.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the routing inspection server, the main station switch, the bay level switch and the process level switch which are adopted for constructing the wide area IEC61850 standard message network can all adopt conventional industrial network equipment, the wide area IEC61850 standard message network is constructed by utilizing the existing network equipment, the comprehensive coverage of all the intelligent substations in the area is realized, the flexible and simple network layout is realized, the advantages of network communication instantaneity and wide area are realized, the traditional field check mode can be replaced, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the time, the labor and the material resources are saved.
(2) The invention can eliminate the additional error caused by the switch delay through the message delay control during the application.
(3) According to the invention, through digital metering equipment information data, historical test and electric quantity data and an intelligent dynamic inspection algorithm, equipment operation information such as the synchronous electricity utilization rule, fault record and metering gateway importance degree is tracked in real time, targeted metering performance intelligent inspection is carried out, the management actual requirement is met, manual intervention is eliminated to the maximum extent, and the credibility of the verification result is improved.
(4) The intelligent substation data transmission method based on the time service does not send control signals outside except for universal time service signals, unidirectionally receives the intelligent substation data, does not need to carry out any operation on the merging unit after the network is constructed, and can effectively guarantee the safety and reliability of intelligent patrol work.
(5) In the invention, the standard electric energy calculation is stored in the routing inspection server in a cloud virtual algorithm mode, and any analog-to-digital conversion link is not included, so that the influence of the operating environment on the verification result is avoided, and the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter can be reflected more truly.
(6) According to the invention, the electric energy pulse is output by the inspection server, and the source is traced upwards to a digital electric energy standard with higher accuracy, so that the authority of the metering result is ensured.
(7) The invention digitalizes voltage and current signals at the forefront end of a metering link according to a digitalized electric energy metering system, and realizes the transmission and sharing of sampling value data in a network communication mode. The characteristics of the method are that the advantages of the intelligent power grid in the aspects of distributed computation, information sharing and network transmission can be fully exerted by constructing a wide area IEC61850 standard message network and combining an intelligent dynamic inspection algorithm and information cloud data analysis of the digital metering equipment, and the method accords with the development trend of the intelligent power grid.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a message network architecture employed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a message network architecture for implementing the intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of a digital electric energy meter in a wide-area measurement manner, which is used to perform intelligent routing inspection on the metering performance of the digital electric energy meters 7 of all intelligent substations in an area, and the system includes merging units 6 of all the intelligent substations in an area, the digital electric energy meters 7, a process layer switch 5, a bay layer switch 4, a clock synchronization device 1 of a network center, a routing inspection server 2, and a master station switch 3.
In the embodiment, the intelligent inspection objects are all digital electric energy meters which are built in an intelligent substation according to IEC61850, GB/T51072-2014, GB/T51071-2014 and GB/T30155-2013 standards and are periodically verified according to the requirements of DL/T448-2016 standards in a 500km range by taking an inspection server as a center.
The embodiment is provided with two routing inspection servers 2, computing resources and data are shared in a distributed computing mode, and unified scheduling is performed through an installed intelligent routing inspection program. The patrol server 2 is provided with an Ethernet communication interface, receives MMS messages meeting IEC 61850-8-1 standard, receives sampling value messages meeting IEC 61850-9-2 standard, receives synchronous time service signals meeting IEC61588 standard, outputs active electric pulse signals required by quantity value tracing through a USB interface and external equipment, accesses an inter-station communication network through a main station switch 3, and is provided with a digital electric energy meter comprehensive database at the cloud end of the patrol server 2, wherein the digital electric energy meter comprehensive database is used for storing information data of a digital electric energy meter and corresponding merging unit equipment in the message network and historical electric quantity and check data of the digital electric energy meter. The routing inspection server 2 can import the SCD file of the transformer substation, analyze the model information such as the MAC address, the SVID value, the APPID value and the like of the merging unit 6 and the digital electric energy meter 7, analyze the related attributes such as the transformer substation where the digital electric energy meter is located, the interval and the like, import the historical electric quantity of each digital electric energy meter from the electric energy consumption information acquisition system according to the meter number, and update the corresponding data in the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter. Before intelligent patrol is carried out, the digital electric energy meter 7 of the patrol object is intelligently selected according to data in the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meters. When the intelligent patrol is carried out, the MAC address filter table of the main station switch is modified according to the tested digital electric energy meter 7 and the corresponding merging unit 6 thereof, and the data of the tested digital electric energy meter 7 and the corresponding merging unit 6 thereof are selectively received from the message network.
In this embodiment, the content of the digital electric energy meter comprehensive database at the cloud of the inspection server can be queried through wired access of the client 8 (computer) and wireless access of the client 9 (palm) to the wide area IEC61850 standard message network, and data import, modification and attribute priority criteria of the cloud database can be performed through the client 8 (computer).
The clock synchronization device 1 of the embodiment transmits a synchronous time service signal which accords with IEC61588 standard, and provides time to the patrol server 2 in a point-to-point mode, and provides time to the digital electric energy meter 7 to be tested through the bay level switch 4. In this embodiment, the clock synchronization device 1 receives a GPS signal and periodically and uniformly provides time to the digital electric energy meter 7 and the inspection server 2 to be tested of the transformer substation in the area according to a message protocol specified in IEC61588, and a synchronization error is less than 1 us. The clock synchronization device of the embodiment enables a time-service object to calculate time deviation and network delay according to the timestamp by sending and receiving the network message with the timestamp, and ensures that the self timing time is consistent with the GPS standard time.
The merging unit 6 of the embodiment has a unique identifiable ICD file, sends a sampling value message meeting IEC 61850-9-2 standard protocol, communicates with the digital electric energy meter 7 to be tested in a point-to-point manner, and communicates with the routing inspection server 2 in data through the process layer switch 5 and the master station switch 3 in sequence.
The process layer switch 5 of the embodiment forwards the message data of the sampling value of the merging unit 6 to the master station switch 3, has an ethernet communication interface, and can realize message delay control according with the IEC 61850-9-2 standard. In this embodiment, the process-layer switch 5 records the time stamp T1 when receiving the data frame, records the time stamp T2 when transmitting the data frame, and modifies the packet according to the recorded time stamp to mark the quality bit of the rated delay time when transmitting the IEC 61850-9-2 packet data frame, thereby realizing the controllable delay of the sampling value. The calculation formula for marking the rated delay after the process layer switch is modified is as follows:
Tr＝T0+(T2-T1)
in the formula, TrMessage marking of nominal delay time, T0For marking the nominal delay time, T, before modification1Recording a time stamp, T, for a process layer switch upon receiving a data frame2A time stamp is recorded for the process layer switch when sending the data frame.
The bay level switch 4 of this embodiment forwards the periodically frozen power data of the digital electric energy meter 7 to the ethernet communication interface of the master station switch 3.
The main station switch 3 of the embodiment can divide the VLAN, receive the signal of the routing inspection server through the ethernet communication interface, set the MAC address filtering, and as with the process layer switch 5, modify the labeled nominal delay according to the input and output time scale of the message to realize the controllable delay of the message.
As shown in fig. 2, after a wide area IEC61850 standard message network is established, the intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter based on the wide area measurement mode implemented by the message network includes the following steps:
s101, the inspection server analyzes SCD files of the transformer substation in a message network, information data of all tested digital electric energy meters and corresponding merging unit equipment of the digital electric energy meters are obtained, and a comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meters at the cloud end of the inspection server is dynamically updated according to historical electric quantity of the digital electric energy meters in the electricity utilization information acquisition system and historical inspection data in the past. In this embodiment, the database information at least includes historical electric quantity data, historical verification result data, accuracy level of the digital electric energy meter, substation information to which the digital electric energy meter belongs, metering gateway information to which the digital electric energy meter belongs, communication parameter information of the digital electric energy meter, and the like.
S102: setting a verification period threshold, setting initial sequencing for each digital electric energy meter in a message network according to preset attribute priority criteria (such as whether an out-of-tolerance record exists, whether the out-of-date electric quantity is consistent with the current year synchronization electric quantity, whether the out-of-date electric quantity is a trade settlement gateway and the like) aiming at attributes in a comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meters, setting respective priority weights according to the initial sequencing, and simultaneously calculating the predicted verification time of each digital electric energy meter when the routing inspection is carried out according to the initial sequencing. In this embodiment, the digital electric energy meters are sorted according to the attribute priority criteria, and then priority weights are set for the digital electric energy meters according to the sorting, and the priority weights are assigned according to the following formula:
Xn＝M-n+ 1
in the formula, XnIn order to sort the weight values of the digital electric energy meters at the nth position, M is the total number of the digital electric energy meters.
The predicted verification time of this embodiment is calculated according to the following formula:
tn＝t0+(Tc+Ti)n
in the formula, tnPredicting the calibration time t for ordering the digital electric energy meter at the nth position0Is the current time, TcThe default is 15min, T, for each checkcFor the check interval, default is 15 min.
The preset attribute priority criteria from high to low are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of recording the out-of-tolerance, recording the difference between the recorded out-of-tolerance and the current year synchronization electric quantity, clearing a gateway for trade, calculating the difference between the latest check time and the current check time, and accurately grading the digital electric energy meter, the running time, the voltage grade of a transformer substation and the voltage grade of a metering gateway.
S103, judging whether the predicted verification time of the digital electric energy meter exceeds the verification period threshold time, if so, judging whether the current priority weight is consistent with the previous cycle, if so, directly generating a final priority weight, if not, improving the overtime digital electric energy meter priority weight, reducing the non-overtime digital electric energy meter priority weight, recalculating the predicted verification time of each digital electric energy meter according to the changed priority weight, and then, executing the step again; if not, the digital electric energy meter with the highest priority weight becomes the current inspection object. And the added value of the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter with the overtime is larger than the subtracted value of the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter with the non-overtime. In this embodiment, the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter is +1, and the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter is-0.5.
S104, the routing inspection server conducts metering performance verification on the digital electric energy meter with the highest priority weight, network flow control is conducted in a mode of controlling MAC filtering of the main station switch, and the timed frozen electric quantity data sent by the specified digital electric energy meter of the specified intelligent substation through the bay level switch in the wide IEC61850 standard message network and the sampling value message data sent by the corresponding merging unit through the process level switch are selectively received;
and S105, the routing inspection server marks the rated delay time and the message arrival time through the sampling value message sent by the merging unit, and calculates the actual sampling time of the message. In this embodiment, the patrol server receives the packet according to the actual time T3The actual sampling time T can be calculatedc：
Tc＝T3-Tr
In the formula, TrAnd marking the rated delay time of the message, wherein the marked rated delay time is the sum of the marked rated delay time output by the merging unit and the delay time of each level of switch.
And S106, when the actual sampling moment of the message calculated in the step S105 is the electricity quantity freezing moment of the digital electric energy meter to be tested, the routing inspection server starts to accumulate the electric energy of the sampling value after the moment through the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm, stops the electric energy accumulation and the message reception when the message sampling moment is the next electricity quantity freezing moment, and calculates the electric energy between the adjacent freezing moments as the check standard electric energy accumulated value. The electric quantity freezing time of the digital electric energy meter is the time when the interval setting period is frozen once, the electric quantity data frozen by the digital electric energy meter at regular time is the electric quantity data at the freezing time, and the electric quantity freezing time of the digital electric energy meter once every 15 minutes is selected as the electric quantity freezing time in the embodiment.
The cloud virtual electric energy algorithm of the embodiment is implemented by using a complex Simpson integral formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, W0For a standard electric energy accumulated value, x (k) is a sampling value sequence received by the patrol server, N is the number of sampling values, k is a sampling value serial number, x (0) is a first sampling point of the sampling value sequence, x (N) is a last sampling point of the sequence, x (2k) is a sampling point with an even serial number in the sequence, x (2k +1) is a sampling point with an odd serial number in the sequence, and T (2k +1) is a sampling point with an odd serial number in the sequencesThe message interval is typically 1/4000 seconds or 1/12800 seconds. The cloud virtual electric energy algorithm is realized through a complex Simpson integral formula, the calculation error is less than +/-0.05%, the metering accuracy is higher than that of the digital electric energy meter to be tested by more than two levels, and the verification requirement of the digital electric energy meter with the accuracy of 0.2S or less is met.
And S107, the patrol server calculates the electric energy accumulated value of the digital electric energy meter to be tested according to the electric quantity reported by the digital electric energy meter at the adjacent electric quantity freezing time in the step S106.
S108, the routing inspection server calculates the measurement error of the digital electric energy meter to be measured through an error formula, wherein the error formula is as follows:
in which epsilon is the measurement error, WxIs the electric energy accumulated value, W, of the digital electric energy meter measured in the step S1070The standard electric energy accumulated value is calculated through the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm in step S106.
And S109, the inspection server updates the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter in real time according to the inspection information and the inspection result, and returns to the step S102 to intelligently select the next inspection object.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The intelligent inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, constructing a wide area IEC61850 standard message network, wherein a message network architecture in the message network comprises merging units of all intelligent substations in an inspection range, a digital electric energy meter, a process layer switch, a bay layer switch, an inspection server of a network center and a main station switch; the cloud end of the routing inspection server is provided with a digital electric energy meter comprehensive database, and the digital electric energy meter comprehensive database is used for storing information data of the digital electric energy meters and corresponding merging unit equipment in a message network, and historical electric quantity and historical calibration data of the digital electric energy meters; the spacer layer switch is used for forwarding the regularly frozen electric quantity data of the digital electric energy meter to be tested to the master station switch; the process layer switch is used for forwarding the merging unit sampling value message data to the main station switch and modifying and marking the rated delay according to the message input and output time scales; the main station switch has an MAC filtering function, and is used for forwarding data of the interval layer switch and the process layer switch to the inspection server, and modifying and marking rated delay according to message input and output time scales;
s2, intelligently selecting the current inspection object in all the digital electric energy meters according to the data information in the digital electric energy meter comprehensive database;
s3, the inspection server conducts metering performance verification on the inspection object, network flow control is conducted in a mode of controlling MAC (media access control) filtering of the main station switch, and frozen electric quantity data sent by the inspection object through the spacer layer switch and sampling value message data sent by a merging unit corresponding to the inspection object through the process layer switch are selectively received from a wide area IEC61850 standard message network;
s4, the polling server marks the rated delay time and the arrival time of the message through the sampling value message sent by the merging unit, and calculates the actual sampling time of the message;
s5, when the actual sampling moment of the message calculated in the step S4 is the electric quantity freezing moment of the inspection object, the inspection server starts to perform electric energy accumulation calculation on the sampling value after the moment through a cloud virtual electric energy algorithm, and stops electric energy accumulation calculation and message reception when the actual sampling moment of the message is the next electric quantity freezing moment, and the accumulated electric energy between the adjacent freezing moments is the current check standard electric quantity value; the electric quantity freezing moment is the moment when the digital electric energy meter periodically stores active electric quantity;
s6, the inspection server calculates the accumulated electric energy of the inspection object according to the difference of the electric quantity freezing values reported by the inspection object at the adjacent electric quantity freezing time in the step S5;
s7, the patrol server calculates the measurement error of the digital electric energy meter to be measured through an error formula, wherein the error formula is as follows:
in which epsilon is the measurement error, WxW is the accumulated power of the inspection object in the step S60The current check standard electric quantity value calculated through the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm in the step S5;
and S8, the inspection server updates the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meter in real time according to the inspection information and the inspection result, and returns to the step S2 to intelligently select the next inspection object.
2. The intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in the wide area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the message network architecture of the wide area IEC61850 standard message network established in the step S1 further comprises a clock synchronization device at a network center, and the clock synchronization device is used for periodically providing time to the routing inspection server and the digital electric energy meter to be measured covered by the wide area IEC61850 standard message network, so as to ensure that the self timing time is consistent with the GPS standard time.
3. The intelligent tour inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the tour inspection server is a single server or a plurality of servers, and when the plurality of servers are used, the servers balance the calculation load through distributed calculation.
4. The intelligent tour inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the tour inspection server is provided with an Ethernet communication interface and an electric energy pulse output interface.
5. The intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for marking the rated delay after the process-layer switch is modified is as follows:
Tr＝T0+(T2-T1)
in the formula, TrMarking the message with a nominal delay time, T0For marking the nominal delay time, T, before modification1Recording a time stamp, T, for a process layer switch upon receiving a data frame2A time stamp is recorded for the process layer switch when sending the data frame.
6. The intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the digitized electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the steps between the step S1 and the step S2 further comprise the following steps: the inspection server analyzes the SCD file of the transformer substation in the message network, acquires information data of all tested digital electric energy meters and corresponding merging unit equipment, and dynamically updates a digital electric energy meter comprehensive database at the cloud end of the inspection server by combining historical electric quantity and verification data of the digital electric energy meters.
7. The intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the digital electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the wide-area IEC61850 standard message network established in the step S1 further comprises setting a verification period threshold in the routing inspection server, and specifying a maximum allowable value of a difference between two verification times before and after the digital electric energy meter.
8. The intelligent tour inspection method for the metering performance of the digitized electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 7, wherein the intelligent selection of the tour inspection object in the step S2 includes the following steps:
s21, sorting according to the data in the comprehensive database of the digital electric energy meters and the preset attribute priority criteria, and then setting priority weights for the digital electric energy meters according to the sorting, wherein the priority weights are assigned according to the following formula:
Xn＝M-n+1
in the formula, XnThe weight values of the digital electric energy meters at the n-th position are sorted, and M is the total number of the digital electric energy meters;
the preset attribute priority criteria from high to low are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of recording an out-of-tolerance record, recording a difference with the same-period electric quantity of the previous year, setting a trade settlement gateway, calculating a difference between the latest check time and the current check time, and accurately grading the digital electric energy meter, the running time, the voltage grade of a transformer substation and the voltage grade of a metering gateway;
s22, judging whether the predicted verification time of the digital electric energy meter exceeds a verification period threshold value, if so, increasing the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter which exceeds the period, reducing the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter which does not exceed the period, recalculating the predicted verification time of each digital electric energy meter according to the changed priority weight, and then executing the step again; if not, the digital electric energy meter with the highest priority weight becomes the current inspection object; the added value of the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter with the overdue period is larger than the subtracted value of the priority weight of the digital electric energy meter with the non-overdue period.
9. The intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the digitized electric energy meter in the wide-area measurement mode according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for calculating the actual sampling moment of the message in the step S4 is as follows:
Tc＝T3-Tr
wherein, TcThe actual sampling time of the message, the actual message receiving time T3，TrAnd marking the rated delay time of the message, wherein the marked rated delay time is the sum of the marked rated delay time output by the merging unit and the delay time of each level of switch.
10. The intelligent routing inspection method for the metering performance of the wide-area measurement digital electric energy meter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cloud virtual electric energy algorithm is realized by a complex integral formula.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710523523.8A CN107454143B (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Intelligent inspection method for metering performance of digital electric energy meter in wide-area measurement mode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710523523.8A CN107454143B (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Intelligent inspection method for metering performance of digital electric energy meter in wide-area measurement mode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107454143A CN107454143A (en) | 2017-12-08 |
| CN107454143B true CN107454143B (en) | 2020-06-02 |
Family
ID=60487618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710523523.8A Active CN107454143B (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Intelligent inspection method for metering performance of digital electric energy meter in wide-area measurement mode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107454143B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108806014A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-13 | 佛山市中凯机电工程有限公司 | A kind of remote computer machine room intelligent cruising inspection system based on cloud computer |
| CN109253750A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-22 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of excessive abnormality judgment method of metering aggregate-value increment and system of measuring equipment |
| CN109061548B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2021-11-09 | 山东计保电气有限公司 | Integral online checking method for high-voltage electric energy metering device |
| CN111277427B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2022-12-23 | 中国移动通信集团河南有限公司 | Data center network equipment inspection method and system |
| CN111045319A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-21 | 广西电网有限责任公司 | Method for automatically correcting clock differentiation of electric energy meter |
| CN111585842B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-08-24 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Network quality monitoring and diagnosing method and system |
| CN111796235B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-10-14 | 司浩天 | Assessment method for gateway table with high utilization rate |
| CN112671476B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-12-28 | 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司 | Wireless pulse-per-second transmission method and system with fixed time delay |
| CN112910086B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-05-31 | 国网山东省电力公司青岛供电公司 | Intelligent substation data verification method and system |
| CN113655432A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-16 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Automatic identification and comparison method and system for intelligent metering electric energy meter |
| CN115097376B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-01 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Processing method and device for check data of metering equipment and computer equipment |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102819004A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive detecting and analyzing platform for performance of digital electric energy metering systems of intelligent transformer substations |
| CN104076316A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-01 | 中航物联技术（北京）有限公司 | Ammeter fault patrol method and system |
| CN105242231A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-13 | 国家电网公司 | Digital electric energy measurement performance detection and tracing method and closed-loop system |
| CN105487041A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-13 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Electric energy metering device performance detection system |
| CN106569165A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-04-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Electronic watt-hour meter measuring performance remote online detection system |
| CN106817363A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-06-09 | 国网江苏省电力公司信息通信分公司 | Intelligent electric meter method for detecting abnormality based on neutral net |
-
2017
- 2017-06-30 CN CN201710523523.8A patent/CN107454143B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102819004A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive detecting and analyzing platform for performance of digital electric energy metering systems of intelligent transformer substations |
| CN104076316A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-01 | 中航物联技术（北京）有限公司 | Ammeter fault patrol method and system |
| CN105242231A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-13 | 国家电网公司 | Digital electric energy measurement performance detection and tracing method and closed-loop system |
| CN105487041A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-13 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Electric energy metering device performance detection system |
| CN106569165A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-04-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Electronic watt-hour meter measuring performance remote online detection system |
| CN106817363A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-06-09 | 国网江苏省电力公司信息通信分公司 | Intelligent electric meter method for detecting abnormality based on neutral net |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 基于IEC 61850标准的数字化变电站电能计量数据建模研究;于磊;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》;20121215;全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107454143A (en) | 2017-12-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107454143B (en) | Intelligent inspection method for metering performance of digital electric energy meter in wide-area measurement mode | |
| CN104112345B (en) | data monitoring method of remote wireless meter reading system | |
| CN210166487U (en) | Power supply station area power failure fault warning device based on edge calculation | |
| CN101458286A (en) | Phasor measuring set based on in situ spectroscopic analysis and applied wide domain measuring system | |
| CN103079219A (en) | Base station automatic inspection digital management system and method | |
| CN103580905B (en) | A kind of method for predicting, system and flow monitoring method, system | |
| CN106447522A (en) | Full voltage sequence integrated power grid reliability and risk evaluation method | |
| CN104537450A (en) | Power prediction system of distributed photovoltaic power generation system | |
| CN105427571A (en) | Binary channel communication remote meter reading monitoring and analysis system | |
| CN111600296A (en) | Power load prediction system based on edge calculation and prediction method thereof | |
| Wang et al. | A load modeling algorithm for distribution system state estimation | |
| CN105071535B (en) | A kind of the time synchronization management system and implementation method of network system | |
| CN103093650A (en) | Control operation quality diagnostic system and diagnostic method | |
| CN107422180A (en) | A kind of power prediction system of the photovoltaic plant based on cloud monitoring | |
| Nan et al. | Centralized automatic meter reading system based on GPRS technology | |
| CN110350663B (en) | Low-voltage household meter power failure fault warning device and method based on edge calculation | |
| CA2936242C (en) | Synchrophasor data management systems and methods | |
| Sun et al. | The energy consumption monitoring platform design for large-scale industry users based on the GPRS | |
| CN107918085A (en) | A kind of power grid wide area real-time monitoring system and control method | |
| CN113421170B (en) | Comprehensive optimization management system and method for power engineering quality | |
| CN203455678U (en) | Electric network scheduling automation equipment clock monitoring system | |
| CN205720421U (en) | Remote power measurement monitoring system | |
| Castello et al. | An active phasor data concentrator suitable for control and protection applications | |
| CN113640732A (en) | Electric energy meter metering accuracy estimation system and method based on Pareto distribution | |
| RU182980U1 (en) | The control device, accounting, planning, monitoring and forecasting when improving actions with resources |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |