CN107453357A - A kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving - Google Patents
A kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving Download PDFInfo
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- CN107453357A CN107453357A CN201710736484.XA CN201710736484A CN107453357A CN 107453357 A CN107453357 A CN 107453357A CN 201710736484 A CN201710736484 A CN 201710736484A CN 107453357 A CN107453357 A CN 107453357A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/16—Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving, including：1) network topology structure based on power distribution network and measuring point configuring condition carry out layering and zoning, form child partition set, determine electric current, the voltage relationship between tree-like branch road；2) begun stepping through in child partition set from tree root and extract a child partition, and the child partition of extraction is deleted in child partition set；3) SCADA and AMI metric data is based on, state estimation of the hybrid measurement information based on time scale hierarchical solving is carried out to the child partition of extraction；4) repeat step 2) and step 3), judge whether child partition set is empty, if it is, integrating and exporting current time each subregion estimated result；Otherwise, step 2) is performed.The present invention relies on increased AMI real-time measurements data to improve the redundancy of state estimation, realizes the hierarchy state estimation to power distribution network by the mixed strategy of AMI and SCADA metric data, can improve the precision of power distribution network three-phase state estimation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of distribution network, more particularly to a kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving.
Background technology
With the development of the technology such as intelligent grid and information, communication, power distribution network can be obtained by electrical power distribution automatization system
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, data acquisition and monitoring) data are obtained, by advanced
Measurement system (Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI) obtains the real-time electricity consumption data of user, with reference to power network
GIS-Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System), management information system (Management
Information System) etc. offer network data, for distribution system operation survey, considerable, controllable realization provides
Basis.SCADA data is depended on to state of electric distribution network estimation both at home and abroad to conduct a research[1].Because power distribution network three-phase is uneven
Weighing apparatus problem, such as current power distribution network measurement information deficiency, using based on the pseudo- power distribution network three for measuring modeling of impulsive neural networks
Phase state estimation, it will carry out pseudo- measure with the measurement input of partial history branch power in real time and model, be generated by gauss hybrid models
Corresponding error in measurement carries out the power distribution network three-phase based on weighted least-squares method (Weighted Least Squares, WLS)
State estimation[2].Or using node voltage as quantity of state, the power distribution network three-phase robust state estimation method based on prediction residual, utilize
Various types of measurements in power distribution network, by the phse conversion to node voltage and branch current, and to current amplitude amount
The equivalent Transformed Measurement carried out is surveyed, realizes the constant of whole Jacobian matrix[3]。
Power system development promotes the flexible apparatus such as distributed power source and electric automobile widely to be used in power distribution network,
So that power distribution network range of operation amplitude of variation expands, trend two-way flow is frequent, causes complicated active power distribution network in carry out state
Inevitably occurs the problems such as calculating speed is more compared with slow, iterations and computational accuracy is relatively low during estimation.The section of power distribution network
Point scale is increasingly huge, and the scale of region power distribution network reaches up to ten thousand, at the same the flexible source lotus such as distributed power source, electric automobile and
The type of the dynamic elements such as its controller is increasingly sophisticated, and it is uneven to carry out power distribution network three-phase using traditional integrality method of estimation
State estimation under the load condition that weighs solves, and involved Nonlinear System of Equations amount of calculation increases compared with dimension in superlinearity,
Cause state estimation can not be improved simultaneously between calculating speed and solving precision, limit online fast state estimation
Promotion practice.
The new real-time measurement data that AMI systems are brought provide more measurement redundancies for state estimation, by research work
The concern of person.As document [4] proposes comprehensive utilization SCADA and AMI metric data the progress power distribution network for considering that AMI measures characteristic
The method of state estimation, with the AMI data of SCADA data amendment downstream node, asked with solving the delay of AMI data and cycle
Topic.How power distribution network own net design feature is relied on, and new types of data (such as AMI for making full use of distribution system to obtain
Measurement system data), by modes such as appropriate layering, Parallel implementations, the calculating speed and precision of state estimation are effectively improved,
Because component resistance reactance ratio (R/X) is small to state estimation active reactive decomposition method when reducing the estimation of power distribution network three-phase state
Influence, turn into state of electric distribution network estimation must solve the problems, such as.
The content of the invention
The present invention considers the deficiency in existing state of electric distribution network estimation technique, proposes a kind of power distribution network based on hierarchical solving
Method for estimating state, this method rely on the Radial network design feature and SCADA and AMI measuring points configuration feelings of power distribution network
Condition carries out subregion, and based on the SCADA metric data of power distribution automation, AMI real-time measurements data obtained by fusion, leads to
Cross network hierarchy, AMI and SCADA metric data mixed strategies realize power distribution network quick three-phase state estimation, it is as detailed below to retouch
State：
A kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving, the State Estimation for Distribution Network include following step
Suddenly：
1) network topology structure based on power distribution network and measuring point configuring condition carry out layering and zoning, form set of sub-partitions
Close, determine electric current, the voltage relationship between tree-like branch road；
2) begun stepping through in child partition set from tree root and extract a child partition, and delete what is extracted in child partition set
Child partition；
3) SCADA and AMI metric data is based on, hybrid measurement information is carried out based on time scale point to the child partition of extraction
The state estimation that layer solves；
4) repeat step 2) and step 3), judge whether child partition set is empty, if it is, current time each subregion is estimated
Meter result is integrated and exported；Otherwise, step 2) is performed.
Wherein, it is described to be based on SCADA and AMI metric data, when carrying out hybrid measurement information to the child partition of extraction and being based on
Between the state estimation of yardstick hierarchical solving be specially：
As initial time at the time of being reached using a certain AMI and SCADA data simultaneously, carry out data fusion, and based on AMI and
SCADA full doses measurement information carries out dimensionality reduction state estimation；
With reference to AMI measurement informations, and the state estimation result obtained, carry out SCADA next time and arrive the load at moment
Prediction, i.e., it is pseudo- to measure information on load；
The pseudo- information on load that measures of acquisition is combined with SCADA full dose measurement informations, the admixture for carrying out the moment is estimated
Meter.
Wherein, it is described that dimensionality reduction state estimation is carried out based on AMI and SCADA full doses measurement information and measures the puppet of acquisition
Information on load is combined with SCADA full dose measurement informations, and the admixture estimation for carrying out the moment is specially：
Residual error is calculated in the measurement function that vector sum state estimation is measured by power distribution network three-phase；
Zero injection joint constraint is formed, obtains object function；By Jacobian matrix, calculate and obtain information matrix and free vector
Amount；Status maintenance positive quantity is asked for, and chooses wherein maximum absolute value person；
If reaching convergence, and/or maximum iteration, state estimation terminates；By correct state estimation result
Transmit into database.
Wherein, when carrying out dimensionality reduction state estimation, measurement information only includes SCADA measuring point real-time measurement information.
Wherein, when carrying out admixture estimation, measurement information includes：SCADA measuring point real-time measurements information, with trying to achieve
The pseudo- of AMI measuring points measure information on load.
Further, traveled through using Depth Priority Searching and extract a child partition.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is：
(1) present invention utilizes the characteristics of radial power distribution network or tree network structure, will be matched somebody with somebody by the way of network partition
The overall higher-dimension equation of power network is split among the subsystem of multiple low-dimensionals；
(2) when carrying out the estimation of three-phase fast state, suitably simplify the flexible source lotus such as distributed power source, electric automobile and its
The features such as controller, by modes such as layering, Parallel implementations, the calculating speed of state estimation is effectively improved, reduces iteration time
Number, support is provided for the control of quick distribution network operation；
(3) present invention relies on increased AMI real-time measurements data to improve the redundancy of state estimation, by AMI with
The mixed strategy of SCADA metric data realizes the hierarchy state estimation to power distribution network, can improve the estimation of power distribution network three-phase state
Precision；
(4) compared with existing power distribution network integrality is estimated, this method has that calculating speed is fast, computational accuracy is high and robust
The strong advantage of property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the State Estimation for Distribution Network provided by the invention based on hierarchical solving；
Fig. 2 is the multilayer tree hierarchy structure model schematic diagram of state of electric distribution network provided by the invention estimation；
Fig. 3 is network hierarchy schematic diagram of the power distribution network based on measurement information that embodiment 3 provides；
Fig. 4 is the wiring diagram for the power distribution network typical branch that embodiment 3 provides；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the electric parameter for the three-phase branch road that embodiment 3 provides；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the time schedule of the admixture estimation provided by the invention based on SCADA and AMI；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the state estimation solution procedure of child partition provided by the invention；
Fig. 8 is the Node power distribution system structures of improved IEEE 123 and block plan that embodiment 3 provides；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram for the three-phase error condition based on the sequence of state estimation error size that embodiment 3 provides.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further
It is described in detail on ground.
Embodiment 1
The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to consider the deficiency in existing state of electric distribution network estimation technique, proposes that one kind is based on dividing
The State Estimation for Distribution Network that layer solves, this method rely on Radial network design feature, SCADA the and AMI amounts of power distribution network
Measuring point arrangement situation carries out subregion, and based on distribution network automated SCADA metric data, AMI is real-time obtained by fusion
Metric data, and realize that the quick running status of power distribution network is estimated by network hierarchy, AMI and SCADA mixed strategies, referring to figure
1, it is described below：
101：Initialization：Power distribution network primary data is read, including：Network topology structure and measuring point configuring condition etc.；
Wherein, the step is known to those skilled in the art, and the embodiment of the present invention is not repeated this.
102：Network topology structure and measuring point configuring condition based on power distribution network carry out layering and zoning, form set of sub-partitions
S is closed, determines electric current, the voltage relationship between tree-like branch road；
During specific implementation, when on-line operation state estimation initial start, and when on-line operation state changes,
Start this step.Under conditions of network topology occurs without change, using the preceding state estimation once sampled as adopting next time
The initial value of sample state estimation, then it need not be initialized, be directly entered step 103.
103：In child partition set S since tree root, using depth-first search (Depth-First Search) side
Method traversal extracts a child partition, and deletes the child partition in child partition set S；
Wherein, Depth Priority Searching is known to those skilled in the art, and the embodiment of the present invention is not repeated this.
104：Based on SCADA and AMI metric data, time scale is based on to the child partition progress hybrid measurement information of extraction
The state estimation of hierarchical solving；
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 104 are specially：SCADA metric data is inputted, judges whether to get AMI metric data,
If it is, obtaining the measurement weight matrix of child partition, child partition power distribution network dimensionality reduction state estimation is carried out；
If not, carrying out load prediction to AMI measuring points, the estimation of child partition power distribution network admixture is carried out.
105：Repeat step 103 and step 104, judge whether child partition set S is empty, if it is empty, then performs step
106, otherwise, perform step 103；
106：The moment each subregion estimated result is integrated and exported；
107：Repeat the above steps, persistently carry out presence estimation.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention relies on the Radial network knot of power distribution network by above-mentioned steps 101- steps 107
Structure feature and SCADA and AMI measuring points configuring condition carry out subregion, using the SCADA metric data of power distribution automation as base
Plinth, AMI real-time measurements data obtained by fusion, and power distribution network is realized by network hierarchy, AMI and SCADA mixed strategies
Quick running status estimation, meets a variety of needs in practical application.
Embodiment 2
The scheme in embodiment 1 is further introduced with reference to specific calculation formula, example, it is as detailed below
Description：
First, the layering and zoning method and branch road variable relation of the network topology structure based on power distribution network
Hierarchical tree method based on power distribution network, power distribution network layering and zoning is divided, form child partition set S.Implemented
Cheng Zhong, for the power distribution network of any radial structure, it is decomposed into sandwich construction network as shown in Figure 2, specific layering and zoning
Principle and feature include：
(1) networks such as station, feeder line, user and equipment are divided into by a series of subnets on a fairly large scale according to network structure,
And be attached according to tree structure, aggregate separate on each level in structure (such as：It is each sub-network, different
User or equipment) it is set as a tree node；
(2) it is connected between different tree nodes by tree-like hierarchy, the tree node of multilayer is included in decomposable process.Its
In, " tree root " may be considered the superiors' node of distribution system analysis object, such as a transformer station or a feeder line, the part by
Sectionalized busbar and cutting branch road are formed, and it is unconnected graph structure that it is internal；" leaf " may be considered electrical network analysis object most
Bottom layer node, it is made up of a series of independent component, such as：It is distributed power source, electric automobile charging station or stake, various types of
Power consumer；" branch " is split formed multilayer sub-network by network and formed, for other in addition to " tree root " and " leaf "
Network portion, it is connectionless each other between each " branch ".
(3) said structure is directed to, each tree node is referred to as to the father node of its next layer of tree node, each tree node is claimed
For the child node of its last layer tree node.Tree node partly to install SCADA measurement informations is forming son point as subregion point
During area, father node retains original node, and child node increase virtual measurement point, is this for single child partition
The external electrical network equivalence of child partition connection is an increased virtual measurement point.
Locally divided with power distribution network as shown in Figure 3.In figureFor AMI measurement nodes,For SCADA measuring points,
Partly to install the nodes of SCADA measurement informations as subregion point, discontinuity surface when each measurement takes same, and reality can be obtained
Apply measurement.During child partition is formed, tetra- virtual measurement points of 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are added, but for each child partition
For, it increase only a virtual measurement point.
(4) to the judgement of multilayer tree structure, each father node can have multiple child nodes, and each child node is only only
One father node.Ergodic process can use the method for depth-first search to carry out.
(5) electric current, the voltage relationship between tree-like branch road are determined, including between each child partition and subregion branch road is first
Two aspects of electric current, voltage relationship between end.
(5.1) above-mentioned layering and zoning is based on, determines electric current, the voltage relationship between each child partition；
It is according to Kirchhoff's current law (KCL), using electricity between child node and father node in each child partition of acquisition
Flow variables enter line interface.In order to represent convenient, voltage, current variable are divided according to location：Child node
Internal bus voltage quantities, useRepresent；The voltage quantities of child node side splitting bus, use
Represent real and imaginary parts component；The current variable of virtual tributary, the current variable of father node is flowed to by child node, usedRepresent real and imaginary parts component；For source lotus node Injection Current variable, such as distributed power source, electric automobile
The leaf node of element composition is injected into the current variable of father node, and its current variable is also believed to branch current variable, usesRepresent, x and y represents component of the state variables such as electric current and voltage under rectangular co-ordinate respectively in above-mentioned formula.
The connected subregion of any two, relative it can be divided into father node and child node.According to Kirchhoff's law, sub- section
Putting side current equation is：
The current equation of father node side is：
In formula, G and B are respectively the equivalet conductance and susceptance of interface, can be obtained by Thevenin's equivalence admittance matrix.WhereinWithThe equivalent self-conductance of increased dummy node and from susceptance respectively in child node；WithRespectively child node
The equivalet conductance and susceptance relative to father node of interior increased dummy node；WithIt is increased respectively in father node
The equivalet conductance and susceptance relative to child node of dummy node；WithIncreased dummy node respectively in father node
Equivalent self-conductance and from susceptance.
For arbitrary node electric current and voltage, three-phase Coordinate Conversion can be obtained for the formula of rectangular co-ordinate by following formula：
Wherein,
(5.2) the electric parameter model of power distribution network three-phase branch road is determined, obtains the first and end electricity of branch road inside child partition
Stream, voltage relationship.
The three-phase line series impedance matrix Z of each subregion branch road is determined firstLWith shunt admittance matrix YL, and branch road
Before push back generation ask for formula.
Fig. 4 gives typical tree structure branch road wiring diagram, and the circuit in model branch includes：Overhead line, underground electricity
Cable, and transformer etc..Line parameter circuit value can use standard Π types equivalent circuit (known to those skilled in the art, the present invention
Embodiment is not repeated this).Parameter is as shown in figure 5, with series impedance matrix ZLThe impedance of distribution feeder is represented, is led with parallel connection
Receive matrix YLTo represent the admittance over the ground of circuit, admittance matrix is Y to the first and end of circuit over the groundL/2。
Three-phase branch road series impedance matrix ZLWith shunt admittance matrix YLFor：
In formula, Zaa、Zbb、ZccFor circuit self-impedance, Zab、Zbc、Zca、Zac、Zcb、ZbaFor circuit mutual impedance.Yaa、
Ybb、YccFor circuit self-admittance, Yab、Yac、Ybc、Yba、Yca、YcbFor the alternate transadmittance of circuit, wherein, Zab==Zba, Zbc=Zcb,
Zca=Zac, Yab=Yba, Yac=Yca, Ybc=Ycb。
For any non-leaf subregion, kth next state estimates the end current of three-phase branch road, relies on source, the leaf of lotus
Node injection rate IAMI, and form the line current I of branchmObtain：
For the top current estimation of branch road, different branch road analogies is different.For circuit branch road, its branch road top
Electric current is：
Wherein, Iia, Iib, IicFor branch road l top electric current；Ija, Ijb, IjcFor branch road l end current；M is with node j
For the set of all branch roads of head end；YlFor circuit l shunt admittance matrix；Uia, Uib, UicFor branch road top three-phase voltage；
Uja, Ujb, UjcFor branch road end three-phase voltage.
For the branch road of transformer, branch road l top electric current is：
K=Yii-Yij(Yjj)-1Yji (6)
In formula：Yii, YjjPrimary side self-admittance respectively on branch road in transformer bus admittance matrix, secondary side self-conductance
Receive；YijAnd YjiTransadmittance respectively in transformer bus admittance matrix.
The formula for solving three-phase branch voltage is similar to solution current formula, and for circuit branch road, end branch voltage is asked
Solution formula is：
For transformer branch, solution formula is：
It is the network of singular matrix for self-admittance in implementation process, can be solved using symmetrical component method, by phase point
Amount first changes into order components, and positive and negative, residual voltage is calculated, order components finally are converted into phase component again.
2nd, state (including admixture and drop based on the fusion of SCADA and AMI hybrid measurement information different time scales
Dimension state) estimation procedure
Based on SCADA and AMI metric data, admixture estimation is carried out to each sub-network and is calculated.In actually implementing,
The situation that SCADA and AMI measurement existence time postpones, the measurement cycle of data is inconsistent, need to pass through different time scales
Data fusion and matching treatment solve.The state of electric distribution network estimation framework that the embodiment of the present invention is carried is as shown in Figure 6.P in Fig. 6
For AMI sampling period, it is set as 15min；TsRepresent the sampling period of SCADA data.The calculating cycle of state estimation with
The cycle phase that SCADA is measured is same, and the SCADA data by newly arriving triggers.
Admixture estimation time schedule based on SCADA and AMI mainly includes the following steps that：
(1) as initial time at the time of being reached using a certain AMI and SCADA data simultaneously, data fusion, and base are now carried out
Dimensionality reduction state estimation is carried out in AMI and SCADA metric data；
(2) AMI metric data, and the dimensionality reduction state estimation result obtained are combined, SCADA next time is carried out and arrives the moment
Load prediction, i.e., it is pseudo- to measure information on load；
(3) the pseudo- information on load that measures of the key node of acquisition is combined with SCADA metric data, carries out the mixed of the moment
Conjunction state is estimated；
(4) repeat step (2) and (3), until reaching the P moment, that is, new AMI measurement informations are obtained；
(5) repeat step (1) to (4), presence estimation is persistently carried out.
In said process, comprising two key points, one is extensive active power distribution network is directed to, based on power distribution network network knot
Structure feature, realize the fast and efficiently state estimation based on SCADA and AMI hybrid measurements；The second is consider distribution network load three
Mutually uneven and PQ is difficult in the case of decomposing, and realizes accurate state estimation.
The explanation of Correlated Case with ARMA Measurement data：In implementation process, SCADA is distribution as data acquisition and supervisor control
Most important subsystem in EMS (DEMS), the operational outfit at scene is monitored and controlled, to realize data
The various functions such as collection, equipment control, measurement, parameter regulation and various types of signal alarm.SCADA metric data depends on
RTU (remote-terminal unit) and FTU (ca bin), measurement generally comprises：Node injecting power, branch power and voltage
Amplitude, data update cycle are generally 2 to 4 seconds, and transmission delay is larger, and the class of accuracy that SCADA is measured is generally 2 or so,
Accuracy in measurement is relatively low.Because power distribution network number of nodes is numerous, it can not meet wanting for systematic observation in SCADA real time data amount
Ask, can be by increasing pseudo- measure to meet the requirement of observability.
AMI is one and is used for measuring, collecting, storing, analyzing and the complete network processes system with user power utilization information
System, data source in intelligent electric meter, can provide the information about power of user, node voltage amplitude, node load and with its phase
Close branch power of branch road etc..With the popularization of intelligent electric meter, information can include：In all, the user of low pressure node, data
Measurement accuracy is 0.5 grade of even more high.Its reading manner includes：Freeze and recruit reading (technical term well known in the art, the present invention
Embodiment is not repeated this) two kinds[4], usual freezing method only freezes the data at moment when daily 0, and remaining time takes
Read mode is recruited, i.e., send instruction by measurement centre reads by turns to ammeter, after running through a table, then reads another.Recruit and read
Time interval can freely set, in China, usually 15min, the AMI data obtained have markers, but when reading back
Between do not know, according to the quantity of user read a taiwan area under ammeter usually require 10~15min.
3rd, the admixture estimation based on SCADA and AMI measurement informations and dimensionality reduction state estimation
State of electric distribution network estimation is on the basis of power network topology analysis, and component parameters are measured and transmitted electricity according to real-time amount to ask
The netted state variable of power taking, it measures functional equation and can be expressed as：
Z=h (x, p, b)+v (9)
In formula, z be power distribution network three-phase measure vector, including SCADA and AMI systems provide measurement node injection it is active,
Reactive power, branch road active and reactive power, voltage, current amplitude etc.；H is measurement function vectors, and h () is nonlinear amount
Function expression is surveyed, is the state variable of power network；X is state of electric distribution network estimator, to intend solution amount；P be element transmission line of electricity,
The parameters such as transformer, b are that topology status variable, the v such as breaker, disconnecting switch are error in measurement.
On the premise of point element parameter and network topology, what p and b were to determine.Formula (9) is rewritable for state estimation public affairs
Formula：
Z=h (x)+v (10)
Using weighted least-squares method, the object function of state estimation can be described as：
MinJ (x)=[z-h (x)]TR-1[z-h(x)] (11)
In formula, R-1For measurement variance matrix, it is assumed that each error in measurement is separate and obeys the normal state point that average is zero
Cloth, thenM is measurement number,For the variance of i-th of error in measurement.
By formula (11), following iterative equation is obtained by Optimality Criteria：
Δ x=(HTR-1H)-1HTR-1(z-h(xk)) (12)
xk+1=xk+Δx (13)
In formula, k is iterations, and H is measurement jacobian matrix, and its element is according to the estimation of state variable during each iteration
Value is modified.
Recruited for AMI and read the moment, because AMI accuracies in measurement are credible, it is believed that the node state of measurement is true value, and it is corresponding
State variable be x1, only need to unknown state variable x in system2Carry out dimensionality reduction state estimation.Above-mentioned measurement equation and state
The object function of estimation is rewritable to be：
Z=h (x1,x2)+v (13)
MinJ (x)=[z-h (x1,x2)]TR-1[z-h(x1,x2)] (14)
In x1Under the premise of known, corresponding corresponding column element is zero in above formula Jacobian matrix H.Although SCADA measures individual
Number is unchanged, and with the reduction of state variable to be asked, Jacobian matrix, the dimension of information matrix are accordingly reduced, and it is natural to solve scale
Decline.
Based on SCADA and AMI metric data, hybrid measurement information is carried out based on time scale layering to the sub-network of extraction
The state estimation of solution, the time schedule situation of hierarchical solving include：
(a) as initial time at the time of being reached using a certain AMI and SCADA metric data simultaneously, data fusion is now carried out,
And the measurement weight matrix R of observed child partition is formed, solved using dimensionality reduction state estimation；
(b) for other moment, first with reference to AMI metric data, and the state estimation result of acquisition, carry out next time
The load prediction at SCADA arrival moment, and be combined with SCADA metric data, carry out the state estimation at the moment；
For the dimensionality reduction state estimation and combined amount state estimation employed in the step, specific steps are as shown in Figure 7：
Step a, set the maximum cycle k of child partition state estimationmax, and make state estimation counting variable k=1；
Step b, by existing state estimator xkCalculate the Jacobian matrix H (x of child partitionk)；
Step c, calculate the measurement function h (x of state estimationk), and by z and h (xk) residual error △ z are calculatedk=z-h
(xk)；
Wherein, SCADA measuring point real-time measurement information is only included for dimensionality reduction state estimation, measurement information；For mixed
Conjunction state estimates that measurement information includes the pseudo- measurement information of SCADA measuring point real-time measurement information and the AMI measuring points tried to achieve.
Wherein, above-mentioned calculating Jacobian matrix H (xk) and calculating residual error △ zkThe step of refer to document [3], for this
Well known to art personnel, the embodiment of the present invention is not repeated this.
Step d, zero injection joint constraint is formed, obtains object function J (xk)；
Wherein, the object function J (x asked fork) it can be used for follow-up convergence foundation, or evaluation index.
Step e, by Jacobian matrix H (xk), calculate and obtain information matrix [HTR-1H] and free vector HTR-1[z-h
(xk)]；
Step f, ask for status maintenance positive quantity △ xk, and choose wherein maximum absolute value person
Wherein, the coefficient matrix [H of system of linear equationsTR-1H] it is symmetrical matrix, square root factorization method can be selected to solve,
It is Δ x to ask for formulak=(HTR-1H)-1HTR-1(z-h(xk))。
Step g, convergence inspection, ifReach within convergence, then state estimation terminates, and performs step
j；Otherwise step h is performed；
Wherein, ε is threshold value, and needs of the specific value in practical application are set, and is a small positive number, such as：
0.001。
Convergence inspection in above-mentioned steps g can also be used | J (xk) |≤ε criterions, criterion can be according to state estimation results
Application field is selected, and the embodiment of the present invention is without limitation.
Step h, iterations inspection, if k=kmax, that is, reach maximum iteration limitation, then state estimation terminates, and holds
Row step j；Otherwise step i is performed；
Step i, correct quantity of state, xk+1=xk+Δxk, and make iterations k=k+1；Return to step b continues iteration；
Step j, correct state estimation result is transmitted into database by output program, can exported as needed
The voltage magnitude and phase angle of each node, and flow data of the injecting power of each node and each branch road etc..
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention is by relying on the Radial network design feature and SCADA and AMI amounts of power distribution network
Measuring point arrangement situation carries out subregion, based on the SCADA metric data of power distribution automation, AMI real-time amounts obtained by fusion
Data are surveyed, and realize that the quick running status of power distribution network is estimated by network hierarchy and AMI and SCADA mixed strategies, are met
A variety of needs in practical application.
Embodiment 3
Feasibility checking is carried out to the scheme in Examples 1 and 2 with reference to specific example, it is described below：
In order to carry out power distribution network integrality method of estimation, the hierarchy state estimation with being carried in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 2
The Contrast on effect of method, in the present embodiment, the index of state estimation judges that situation is as follows：
Adoption status estimate vector absolute relative error percentage EkWith filtering index Jk, calculation formula is respectively：
In formula,And xkThe respectively trend true value and estimate of k moment state vectors；zk(i)、WithRespectively
The estimate, true value and measuring value of i-th of measurement of k moment；N is measurement sum in formula.
Wherein, desired value J is filteredkThe effect of smaller explanation prediction and filtering is better, illustrates estimated result when value is less than 1
Reduce the uncertainty of measurement, this method is feasible effectively.
The present embodiment is chosen the improved Node power distribution systems of IEEE 34 and analyzed, and is given in Fig. 8 with operated open-loop
Distribution mesh portions, specific network parameter are shown in document [5].Power distribution network observation area is divided into that MA1 to MA 4 represents in Fig. 8 four
Sub-regions, all subregion include a small amount of branch and measure and be connected with other sub-networks by the node with measuring equipment.
Test verification method：Because the links for measuring, converting and transmitting in power system are all by real-time measurement
Error has an impact.The metric data of test can simulate measuring value using random error, and calculation formula is：
In formula, zmFor measuring value；zeFor each measurement error；ztTo measure actual value, zfFor ull-scale value；amFor with measurement
It is worth relevant error coefficient, such as the error of voltage, current transformer；bmFor the error coefficient relevant with ull-scale value, such as convert
The error of equipment；atFor the function of standardized normal distribution；1/3 is to be converted to the normal of standard error by maximum error in measurement in formula
Number.
In test implementation, the test result of checking is that random 100 next states of carrying out are estimated, is all saved in statistical test use-case
The computational accuracy of point, the random error work of averaged, every time test addition 5% on the basis of test case flow data
For measuring value.System loading is by linearly increasing trend and is superimposed random perturbation, and linear change rate takes 30%, and average is obeyed in disturbance
The Gaussian Profile for being zero, standard deviation are the 2% of linear change rate, and the power factor of load keeps constant.
The effect of 1 different State Estimation for Distribution Network of table compares
Fig. 9 gives 30 node three-phase error conditions of maximum that certain state estimation is sorted based on error size, wherein
The larger node of error focuses primarily upon the low region of measuring point distribution density.As shown in figure 9, the state estimation of a, b, c three-phase
Error simultaneously differs, but trend is more consistent.The tight ness rating of its error value and measurement equipment, and three-phase load situation have
Close.Stratification state is due to based on child partition state estimation, in the case where measurement has enough redundancies, convergence rate
Compared with overall estimation faster.It will be appreciated, however, that in the case that subnetwork parameter has deviation, this method will appear from more
Iterations, to coordinate each child partition and realize parameter identification.
Bibliography：
[1] allamanda cloud, Sun Guoqiang, Wei Zhinong, is waited based on the pseudo- power distribution network three-phase state for measuring modeling of impulsive neural networks
Estimate [J] Automation of Electric Systems, 2016,40 (16):38-43,82.
[2] Wang Shaofang, Liu Guangyi, Lang Yansheng, power distribution network three-phase state estimation [J] the power trains of based on prediction residual are waited
Blanket insurance is protected and control, 2014,42 (22):51-56.
[3] Li Bin, Du Mengyuan, Zhu Yun, intelligent distribution network state estimation [J] the electrotechnics of based on near-realtime data are waited
Journal, 2016,31 (1):34-44.
[4] Lin Jiaying, Qin Chao, Luan Wenpeng, is waited to consider that AMI measures state of electric distribution network estimation [J] south electric networks of characteristic
Technology, 2016,10 (10):3-10.
[5]IEEE PES Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee's Working
Group, Distribution Test Feeders. [Online] http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/
testfeeders.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, the embodiments of the present invention
Sequence number is for illustration only, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving, it is characterised in that the State Estimation for Distribution Network Comprise the following steps：1) network topology structure based on power distribution network and measuring point configuring condition carry out layering and zoning, form child partition set, really Electric current, voltage relationship between fixed tree-like branch road；2) begun stepping through in child partition set from tree root and extract a child partition, and the son point of extraction is deleted in child partition set Area；3) SCADA and AMI metric data is based on, the child partition progress hybrid measurement information of extraction is asked based on time scale layering The state estimation of solution；4) repeat step 2) and step 3), judge whether child partition set is empty, if it is, current time each subregion estimation is tied Fruit is integrated and exported；Otherwise, step 2) is performed.
- 2. a kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Based on SCADA and AMI metric data, shape of the hybrid measurement information based on time scale hierarchical solving is carried out to the child partition of extraction State is estimated：As initial time at the time of being reached using a certain AMI and SCADA data simultaneously, carry out data fusion, and based on AMI and SCADA full doses measurement information carries out dimensionality reduction state estimation；With reference to AMI measurement informations, and the state estimation result obtained, the load prediction at SCADA arrival moment next time is carried out, It is i.e. pseudo- to measure information on load；The pseudo- information on load that measures of acquisition is combined with SCADA full dose measurement informations, carries out the admixture estimation at the moment.
- 3. a kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described It is based on AMI and SCADA full doses measurement information progress dimensionality reduction state estimation and pseudo- the measurement information on load and SCADA of acquisition is complete Measurement information is combined, and the admixture estimation for carrying out the moment is specially：Residual error is calculated in the measurement function that vector sum state estimation is measured by power distribution network three-phase；Zero injection joint constraint is formed, obtains object function；By Jacobian matrix, calculate and obtain information matrix and free vector； Status maintenance positive quantity is asked for, and chooses wherein maximum absolute value person；If reaching convergence, and/or maximum iteration, state estimation terminates；Correct state estimation result is transmitted Into database.
- 4. a kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving according to claim 3, it is characterised in that when entering During row dimensionality reduction state estimation, measurement information only includes SCADA measuring point real-time measurement information.
- 5. a kind of State Estimation for Distribution Network based on hierarchical solving according to claim 3, it is characterised in that when entering When row admixture is estimated, measurement information includes：The pseudo- amount of SCADA measuring point real-time measurements information and the AMI measuring points tried to achieve Survey information on load.
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